A Lake Management Plan for Wind Lake Racine County, Wisconsin

COMMUNITY ASSISTANCE PLANNING REPORT NO. 198 (2nd Edition) A LAKE MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR WIND LAKE RACINE COUNTY WISCONSIN SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION KENOSHA COUNTY RACINE COUNTY Anita M. Faraone Susan S. Greenfield Adelene Greene Mary A. Kacmarcik Robert W. Pitts Michael J. Miklasevich WIND LAKE MANAGEMENT DISTRICT BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS MILWAUKEE COUNTY WALWORTH COUNTY Jim Marks, Chairman William R. Drew, Richard A. Hansen, Treasurer Vice-Chairman Joseph Bellante Lee Holloway Gregory L. Holden Mike Benish George A. Torres Allen L. Morrison Chet Kintop Richard Mohr OZAUKEE COUNTY WASHINGTON COUNTY Kathy Aron, Executive Director Thomas H. Buestrin, John M. Jung Chairman Daniel S. Schmidt William E. Johnson David L. Stroik Gustav W. Wirth, Jr., Secretary WAUKESHA COUNTY James T. Dwyer Anselmo Villareal Paul G. Vrakas SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION STAFF Philip C. Evenson, AICP ............................................ Executive Director Kenneth R. Yunker, PE ................................................. Deputy Director Nancy M. Anderson, AICP ........... Chief Community Assistance Planner Christopher T. Hiebert ............................ Chief Transportation Engineer Michael G. Hahn, PE, PH ....................... Chief Environmental Engineer Elizabeth A. Larsen .................................................. Business Manager John G. McDougall .............. Geographic Information Systems Manager John R. Meland .......................... Chief Economic Development Planner Dr. Donald M. Reed ......................................................... Chief Biologist Kenneth J. Schlager, PE ............... Chief Telecommunications Engineer Donald P. Simon, RLS ..................................... Chief Planning Illustrator William J. Stauber, AICP .................................. Chief Land Use Planner Special acknowledgement is due to Dr. Jeffrey A. Thornton, CLM, PH, and Dr. Thomas M. Slawski, SEWRPC Principal Planners; Ms. Sara Wilder Teske, SEWRPC Research Analyst; Mr. Edward J. Schmidt, SEWRPC GIS Planning Specialist; and Mr. Michael A. Borst, SEWRPC Research Aide, for their contributions to the conduct of this study and the preparation of this report. COMMUNITY ASSISTANCE PLANNING REPORT NUMBER 198, 2nd Edition A LAKE MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR WIND LAKE RACINE COUNTY, WISCONSIN Prepared by the Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission W239 N1812 Rockwood Drive P.O. Box 1607 Waukesha, Wisconsin 53187-1607 www.sewrpc.org The preparation of this publication was financed in part through a grant from the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Lake Management Planning Grant Program. June 2008 $20.00 (This page intentionally left blank) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Page Chapter I—INTRODUCTION ........................ 1 Nitrogen .................................................. 59 Characteristics of Bottom Sediment .................... 60 Chapter II—PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION ..... 3 Pollution Loadings and Sources ........................... 60 Introduction ......................................................... 3 Phosphorus Loadings ..................................... 61 Waterbody Characteristics ................................... 3 Sediment Loadings ........................................ 63 Tributary Area Characteristics ............................ 6 Urban Heavy Metals Loadings ...................... 65 Soil Types and Conditions ............................ 6 In-Lake Sinks ................................................ 65 Climate and Hydrology ................................. 11 Rating of Trophic Condition ................................ 66 Lake Stage ..................................................... 16 Vollenweider Trophic Water Budget ................................................ 16 State Classification ..................................... 66 Water Residence Time .................................. 17 Trophic State Index ....................................... 67 Summary .............................................................. 67 Chapter III—HISTORICAL, EXISTING, AND FORECAST Chapter V—AQUATIC BIOTA LAND USE AND POPULATION ................ 19 AND ECOLOGICALLY Introduction ......................................................... 19 VALUABLE AREAS ..................................... 71 Civil Divisions ..................................................... 19 Introduction .......................................................... 71 Population ............................................................ 21 Aquatic Plants ...................................................... 71 Land Use .............................................................. 21 Phytoplankton ................................................ 72 Land Use Regulations .......................................... 25 Aquatic Macrophytes ..................................... 73 General Zoning ............................................. 25 Aquatic Plant Management ........................... 76 Floodland Zoning .......................................... 26 Chemical Controls .................................. 76 Shoreland Zoning .......................................... 32 Macrophyte Harvesting ........................... 78 Subdivision Regulations ............................... 32 Manual Controls ...................................... 79 Construction Site Erosion Control and Aquatic Animals .................................................. 80 Stormwater Management Regulations ....... 33 Zooplankton ................................................... 80 Agricultural Performance Standards ...... 33 Benthic Invertebrates ..................................... 80 Nonagricultural (urban) Fishes of Wind Lake ...................................... 81 Performance Standards ....................... 34 Fisheries Management ................................... 82 Other Wildlife ................................................ 82 Chapter IV—WATER QUALITY ................... 37 Wildlife Habitat and Resources ........................... 85 Introduction ......................................................... 37 Natural Areas and Critical Species Habitat .......... 91 Existing Water Quality Conditions ..................... 38 Wetlands .............................................................. 95 Thermal Stratification ................................... 38 Woodlands ........................................................... 98 Dissolved Oxygen ......................................... 46 Environmental Corridors...................................... 98 Specific Conductance .................................... 50 The Environmental Corridor Concept ........... 98 Chloride ........................................................ 51 Primary Environmental Corridors ........... 99 Alkalinity and Hardness ................................ 52 Secondary Environmental Corridors ....... 100 Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH) ................ 53 Isolated Natural Resource Areas ............. 100 Water Clarity ................................................. 54 Wisconsin Department of Secchi-Disc Transparency ...................... 54 Natural Resources-Delineated Turbidity and Color ................................ 55 Sensitive Areas .................................... 100 Remote Sensing Data ............................. 55 Summary .............................................................. 100 Chlorophyll-a ................................................ 55 Nutrient Characteristics ................................ 57 Chapter VI—CURRENT WATER USES Algal Growth-Limiting Nutrients ........... 57 AND WATER USE OBJECTIVES .............. 105 Phosphorus ............................................. 58 Introduction .......................................................... 105 iii Page Page Recreational Uses and Facilities .......................... 105 Shoreline Maintenance ..................... 126 Park and Open Space Sites ........................... 106 Modification of Recreational Activities and Boating ............ 106 Species Composition ..................... 128 Angling ......................................................... 109 Regulations and Other Recreational Uses ............................... 109 Public Information ........................ 128 Lake Use and Water Quality Survey ............. 109 Aquatic Plant Management Measures ..... 129 Wisconsin Department of Natural Chemical Measures .......................... 129 Resources Recreational Rating .................. 110 Mechanical Measures ....................... 130 Water Use Objectives .......................................... 110 Biological Measures ......................... 134 Water Quality Guidelines .................................... 110 Physical Measures ............................ 135 Public Informational Chapter VII—ALTERNATIVE LAKE Programming ................................. 135 MANAGEMENT MEASURES .................... 113 Recreational Use Management ...................... 136 Introduction ......................................................... 113 Public Informational and Tributary Area Management Alternatives ........... 113 Educational Programming .......................... 137 Land Use ....................................................... 113 Summary .............................................................. 137 Development in the Shoreland Zone ...... 113 Development in the Tributary Area ........ 114 Chapter VIII—RECOMMENDED Stormwater Management.......................

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