Quando a Violência É Baseada Na História Films And

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Quando a Violência É Baseada Na História Films And Universidade de Aveiro Departamento de Economia, Gestão e Engenharia 2012 Industrial ARTHUR FILIPE FILMES E IMAGEM DE DESTINOS: QUANDO A BARBOSA DE ARAÚJO VIOLÊNCIA É BASEADA NA HISTÓRIA FILMS AND DESTINATION IMAGE: WHEN VIOLENCE IS BASED ON HISTORY Universidade de Aveiro Departamento de Economia, Gestão e Engenharia 2012 Industrial ARTHUR FILIPE FILMES E IMAGEM DE DESTINOS: QUANDO A BARBOSA DE ARAÚJO VIOLÊNCIA É BASEADA NA HISTÓRIA FILMS AND DESTINATION IMAGE: WHEN VIOLENCE IS BASED ON HISTORY Dissertação apresentada à Universidade de Aveiro para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Gestão, realizada sob a orientação científica da Doutora Sandra Maria Correia Loureiro, Professora auxiliar do departamento de Economia, Gestão e Engenharia Industrial da Universidade de Aveiro. Dedico este trabalho ao meu pai, que sempre me apoiou em tudo o que faço e, apesar da distância, sempre se mostrou interessado em saber sobre o meu andamento no mestrado e ajudar no que fosse necessário. Ainda que, infelizmente, ele tenha deixado este mundo meses antes da conclusão desta dissertação, tenho certeza que ficaria orgulhoso de vê-la finalizada. o júri presidente Prof. Doutor António Carrizo Moreira Professor auxiliar do Departamento de Economia, Gestão e Engenharia Industrial da Universidade de Aveiro Prof. Doutor Eduardo Manuel Machado de Moraes Sarmento Professor auxiliar da Universidade Lusófona de Lisboa Prof. Doutora Sandra Maria Correia Loureiro Professora auxiliar do Departamento de Economia, Gestão e Engenharia Industrial da Universidade de Aveiro agradecimentos À minha mãe e ao meu pai pelo incondicional apoio; A Rafaela, pelo apoio nos momentos de dificuldade e auxílio em tudo o que precisei. Aos meus amigos, Marx e Medéia, por serem minha família em Portugal. palavras-chave Film-tourism, imagem de destino, Brasil, Cidade de Deus resumo O presente trabalho visa aferir os efeitos de filmes com roteiros negativos na imagem dos destinos neles mostrados. Para isto, o caso do filme “Cidade de Deus” e da imagem do Brasil enquanto desitno foi adotado. De modo a cumprir tal objetivo, o filme foi exibido em sessões fechadas, nas quais os participantes foram solicitados preencher um questionário antes e um depois de assití-lo. Os resultados demonstram que os efeitos do filme na imagem do destino são maioritariamente negativos. Porém, o filme aumentou as intenções de visita para pequeno grupo de participantes, casos nos quais as paisagens mostradas foram o elemento mais relevante. Conclui-se que filmes com roteiros negativos tendem a tornar as avaliações dos espectadores sobre o destino em geral mais negativas, inclusive nos aspetos não diretamente relacionados ao filme. A idéia de que mesmo filmes com com conteúdo negativo podem ser vantajosos para a atração de segmentos específicos também é corroborada. Os resultados também demostram a necessidade de mais estudos empíricos sobre a influencia de filmes com roteiros negativos nos destinos mostrados, como o seu efeito de longa duração na imagem destes destinos. keywords Film-tourism , destination image, Brazil, City of God abstract The present work aimed to assess the effects of films with negative plots on the image of the destinations they depict. For that purpose, the case of City of God and the image of Brazil were adopted. In order to fulfill that goal, the film was screened in closed sections in which participants were solicited to fill out one questionnaire before and one after seeing the film. The results show that the film’s effect on the destination’s image was mostly negative. However, for a group of viewers the film increased intentions to visit the country, in which cases the landscapes depicted were the most relevant factor. It is concluded that negative plot films tend to turn viewers’ evaluations generally more negative, including on the aspects not directly related to the film. Also, the idea that even films with negative plots may be advantageous in attracting certain specific segments was corroborated. The results also call for more empirical studies within the influence of films with negative plots on the depicted destinations, like their long-lasting effect on the destination image. Index Index .................................................................................................................................. i Figures index ................................................................................................................... iii Tables index ..................................................................................................................... iv Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 PART 1: THEORETICAL Background ................................................................................. 8 1. Destination image .................................................................................................. 8 1.1 Image as a cognitive function......................................................................... 8 1.2 Tourist destination image: theoretical issues ............................................... 10 1.3 Tourist destination image Formation process .............................................. 16 2. Film tourism ........................................................................................................ 26 2.1 Mass media and tourism ............................................................................... 26 2.2 Film-tourism: definitions and scope ............................................................. 27 2.3 Research topics in film-tourism ................................................................... 30 2.4 Tans-disciplinary perspectives towards film-tourism .................................. 34 3. Impacts of films on destinations .......................................................................... 41 3.1 Influence of film-tourism in the location places .......................................... 41 3.1 Films and destination image ......................................................................... 44 3.2 Opportunities to the destinations .................................................................. 53 Part 2: Research context and concepts ........................................................................... 59 4. Brazilian Cinema ................................................................................................. 59 4.1 Historical characterization............................................................................ 59 4.2 Brazilian cinema today ................................................................................. 64 5. The film and the research .................................................................................... 70 5.1 The film: City of God ................................................................................... 70 5.2 Research conceptualization .......................................................................... 73 Part 3: Empirical results ................................................................................................. 80 6. Results analysis ................................................................................................... 80 6.1 Sample Characterization .............................................................................. 80 6.2 Pre test results: Viewer’s original impressions on Brazil ............................ 82 i 6.3 Assessing the film’s effect on the destination image ................................... 86 6.4 Influencing elements .................................................................................... 98 6.5 Complementary tests: the film’s long-lasting effect .................................. 103 Part 4: Conclusions ....................................................................................................... 107 7. Conclusions ....................................................................................................... 107 Bibliographical references ............................................................................................ 115 Annexes .................................................................................................................... 121 A1. Pre-test questionnaire..................................................................................... 121 A2. Post-test questionnaire ................................................................................... 122 ii Figures index Figure 1: Conceptual framework of the dissertation ........................................................ 7 Figure 2: Destination image formation agents ............................................................... 18 Figure 3: Destination image formation agents and stages .............................................. 20 Figure 4: Multidimensional model of the destination image formation ......................... 21 Figure 5: Affective meanings associeated with places ................................................... 24 Figure 6: the scope of film-tourism ................................................................................ 29 Figure 7: Films and common advertisement on Gartner’s image model. ...................... 52 Figure 8: Impact of films on destinations used as location ............................................ 56 Figure 9: Number of feature films produces by year ..................................................... 63 Figure 10: Evolution
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