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The Travels of Ibn Battuta, AD 1325-1354

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The Travels of Ibn Battuta, AD 1325-1354 The Travels of Ibn Battuta, AD 1325–1354 Volume IV Edited by H.A.R. GIBB AND C.F. BECKINGHAM WORKS ISSUED BY THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY THE TRAVELS OF UN A.D. VOL. IV SECOND NO, 178 HAKLUYT SOCIETY COUNCIL AND OFFICERS, 1994-95 PRESIDENT Professor? E. H. HAIR VICE -PRESIDE NTS Dr T. E. ARMSTRONG Professor EILA M. J. CAMPBELL Professor C. F. BECKINGHAM, FBA Professor D. B. QUINN, HON.FBA Professor C. R. BOXER, FBA Professor GLYNDWR WILLIAMS SIR HAROLD SMEDLEY, KCMG, MBE c o u N c i L (with date of election) Professor R. C. BRIDGES (1990) Dr PKTER JACKSON (1993) Professor W. E. BUTLER (1992) J. C. H. KING (1991) TONY CAMPBKLL (1990) Dr ROBIN LAW (1993) Lt. Cdr. A. C. F. DAVID (1990) ANTHONY PAYNK (1991) S. M. EASTON (co-opted) A. N. RVAN (1991) A. J. FARRINGTON (1992) Royal Geographical Society Dr F. F. R. FERNANDEZ-ARMKSTO (Mrs DOROTHY MIDDLETON) (1992) Mrs ANN SHIRLEY (1994) Dr JOHN B. HATTENDORF (1994) M. F. STRACHAN, CBE, FRSE (1994) Dr HELKN WALLIS, OBE (1993) TRUSTEES Sir GEOFFREY ELLERTON, CMG, MBE H. H. L. SMITH G. H. WEBB, CMG, OBE PROFESSOR GLYNDWR WILLIAMS HONORARY TREASURER DAVID DARBYSHIRE HONORARY SECRETARIES Dr W. F. RYAN Warburg Institute, University of London, Woburn Square, London WC1HOAB Mrs SARAH TYACKE (Keeper of Public Records) Public Record Office, Ruskin Avenue, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DU HONORARY SECRETARIES FOR OVERSEAS Australia: Ms MAURA O'CONNOR, Curator of Maps, National Library of Australia, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601 Canada.• Professor J. B. BIRD, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec New Zealand:}. E. TRAUE, Department of Librarianship, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington South Africa: Dr F. R. BRADLOW, 401/402 French Bank Building, 4 Church Square, Cape Town 8001 USA.: Dr NORMAN FIERING, The John Carter Brown Library, Box 1894, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 Professor NORMAN J. W. THROWER, Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90024 1698 Western Europe: PAUL PUTZ, 54 rue Albert I, 1117 Luxembourg, Luxembourg. ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT Mrs FIONA EASTON Postal address only: Hakluyt Society, c/o Map Library, The British Library, Great Russell Street, London WC1B 3DG (to whom queries and application for membership may be made) Telephone 0986-788359 Fax 0986-788181 Chinese conjurors and acrobats. From V.duwardMeltons . 7.ee- en Land-Reizen, Amsterdam, 1681. See p. 904. By courtesy of the British Library1 THE TRAVELS OF IBN BATTUTA A.D. 1325-1354 Translated with revisions and notes from the Arabic text edited by C. OEF.REM.ERY and B, R. SANGUINETTI by H. A. R, GIBB VOL. IV The translation completed with annotations by C. F, BECKINGHAM THE HAKLUYT LONDON 1994 Hakluyt Society 1994 urn 0904180 37 9 KBN 0072 93% Typeset by Wtvettey Typesetters, Norwich Printed in Oie»t Bntain at the Univenicy Press, Cambridge SERIES EDITORS W. r. ftYAN ittd .SARAH TVACKE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Libmry Published by che Hakluyt Society c/o The Map Library British Library, Great Russell Street London wow ADO CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .. .. .. FOREWORD TO VOLUME FOUR .. .. .. .. ix CHAPTERXV. FROM DIHLI TO KINBAYA .. .. 773 Sultan Muhammad's gift to the king of China, 773; members of the embassy, 774; the embassy leaves Dihll, 775; Ibn Battuta taken prisoner, 777; his escape, 778; he meets a saint, 781; Shaikh Muhammad the Naked, 783; Galyur, 787; yogis, 788; Dawlat Abad, 793; the Marhatas, 796. CHAPTERXVI. SOUTH INDIA .. .. .. .. 797 Kinbaya, 797; Ibn Battuta embarks at Qandahar (Gan- dhar), 799; Quqa, 800; Sandabur, 801; a Muslim yogi, 801; Hinawr, 802; Mulaibar, 805; Abu Sarur, 807; Fakanur, 808; Manjarur, 808; Hill, 809; Jurfattan, 810; Budfattan, 811; Fandarayna, Qaliqut, 812; Chinese ships, 813; the fleet wrecked, 815; Ibn Baptuta travels by inland waterways to Kawlam, 816; he returns to Hinawr, 818; the Muslims conquer Sandabur, 819; the Hindus besiege Sandabur and Ibn Battuta returns to Qaliqup, 821. CHAPTERXVII. THE MALDIVES .. .. .. .. 822 Ibn Bapputa arrives in the Maldives, 822; the inhabi­ tants, their diet, customs, houses, currency and womenfolk, 823; their conversion to Islam, 829; Sul­ tana Khadlja, 831; Maldivian officials, 833; Ibn Battuta arrives in Kannalus and proceeds to the capital on Mahal, 833; his reception by the Wazlr Jamal al-Dln, 834; he tries to leave the Maldives, 837; the festival at the end of Ramadan, 839; Ibn Battuta marries the Sultana's mother-in-law and becomes the qa^I, 840; he quarrels with another of the Wazlrs, 841; he plots to go to Coromandel and bring troops to invade the islands, 844; he goes to the island of Muluk and leaves the Maldives, 845. CHAPTER XVIII. CEYLON .. .. .. 847 Ibn Bappupa arrives in Ceylon and is received by the ruler of Bappala, 847; he leaves for Adam's Peak, 849; Kunakar and the rubies found there, 850; monkeys, 851; leeches, 852; Adam's Peak, 853; Dinawar, 855; Qall and Kalanbu, 856. CHAPTER XIX. COROMANDEL, MALABAR AND THE MALDIVES.. .. .. .. •• •• •• 857 Ibn Bappupa is wrecked on the Coromandel coast, 857; he meets the Sultan and plans the invasion of the Maldives, 858; the Sultan's cruelty, 860; defeat of the Hindus, 861; death of the Sultan, 863; Ibn Bappupa abandons the planned invasion, leaves for Hinawr, but is plundered of all his possessions by pirates, 865; he returns to the Maldives, 865. CHAPTER XX. BENGAL AND ASSAM .. .. .. 867 Ibn Bappupa sails to Bengal and finds the cost of living low, 867; Sudkawan and the Sultan of Bengal, 868; Shaikh Jalal al-Dm and his miracles, 870; Sunarkawan and Ibn Bappupa's departure from Bengal, 873. CHAPTER XXI. SOUTH-EAST ASIA .. .. .. 874 The Barahnakar, 874; Ibn Bappupa arrives in al-Jawa (Sumatra), 876; court ceremonial, 877; Ibn Bappupa sails to Mul Jawa Qava), 880; incense, camphor, aloes and cloves, 881; the Sultan of Mul Jawa and men who cut their throats for love of him, 863; Ibn Bappupa crosses the Sluggish Sea to TawalisI, 884; Kailukarl and the princess Urduja, 885; women soldiers, 887. CHAPTER XXII. CHINA .. .. .. .. .. 888 Chinese produce, pottery and huge fowls, 888; Chinese customs, 889; paper money, 890; coal and kaolin, 891; Chinese skill in portraiture, 891; their treatment of merchants, 892; Zaitun, 894; Sin Kalan, 896; a strange ascetic, 897; Qanjanfu, where Ibn Bappupa meets a man from Ceuta, 899; al-Khansa, 900; entertainment offer­ ed by a high official, 902; a Persian song and a conjuror, 903; Ibn Bappupa enters Khita, 905; Khan Baliq and the Qan's palace, 906; the Qan killed fighting his rebel­ lious uncle, 907; funeral of the Qan, 908. CHAPTER XXIII. FROM CHINA TO MOROCCO .. .. 911 Ibn Bappupa returns to Zaitun, leaves China and en­ counters the rukhkh, 911; he reaches al-Jawa and sees vi CONTENTS the wedding of the Sultan's son, 912; he sails to Kaulam, Qaliqup, £afar, the coast of'Oman and Hur- muz, 913; he travels by land through Persia to al- Basra, Baghdad, and Damascus, 914; an execution for blasphemy, 918; the Black Death, 918; Ibn Bappupa travels to Jerusalem and Cairo, 918; he performs the pilgrimage and returns to Jerusalem and Cairo, then decides to return to Morocco, 921; Tunis, 922; he sails in a Catalan ship which calls at Sardinia, 924; he lands at Tanas and travels to Tilimsan and Fez, 924; eulogy of Morocco and its Sultan, 925. CHAPTER XXIV. SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. 934 Ibn Batputa sails from Ceuta to Gibraltar, 934; the concern of Sultan Abu'1 Hasan for Gibraltar, 935; a poem in its praise, 937; Ronda and Marbella, 938; a Christian raid on the coast, 939; Malaga and Granada, 940; Ibn Juzayy meets Ibn Bappupa, 943; Ibn BappQpa returns to Morocco and goes to Marrakush, 944. CHAPTER XXV. THE COUNTRY OF THE BLACKS .. 946 Ibn Bappupa bids farewell to the Sultan of Morocco and travels to Sijilmasa and Taghaza, 946; he crosses the desert, 947; he reaches Iwalatan, 950; customs of the Massufa, 951; trees, fruits and vegetables in Malli, 952; the course of the Nile, 954; he arrives at the capital of Malli, 955; the audience of the Sultan of MallT, 958; ceremonies on religious festivals, 961; judgments of the Sultan, 962; his quarrel with his senior wife, 963; good and bad qualities of the Blacks, 965; Ibn Bappupa leaves Malli and sees a hippopota­ mus, 966; cannibalism, 968; Tunbuktu, 969; Kaukau, 971; Takadda 973; the Sultan of Morocco orders Ibn Bappupa to return, 975; he reaches Fez, 977. BIBLIOGRAPHY 979 VI1 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Chinese conjurors and acrobats. From Eduwara'Meltons . , , Zm- m LanJ-Rmm, Amsterdam, 1681 between pages 882 and 883 I, A visiting an From Bundi, II. A white elephant. From Qazwlnl, *A/a*ii? ai*mafeMuqat. IIL A gigantic bird carries off a woman. From Qazwfnl^ * al-makhluqdt. IV. A black king. From TopkapI Saray Muzesi. vm FOREWORD TO VOLUME FOUR his volume completes the translation of Ibn Bappupa's travels. A fifth volume will contain further editorial Tmatter and the index to the entire work. The translation of the narrative of Ibn Bappupa's travels has taken more than twice as long as the travels themselves. It was in 1922 that H. A. R. Gibb, then Lecturer in Arabic at the School of Oriental Studies, University of London, proposed to the Hakluyt Society that he should prepare what would be the first, complete, annotated English translation of the book usually known as the Rihla. His intention was to publish it in four volumes, corresponding to those of the edition and paral­ lel French translation by G. Defremery and B.
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