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AVAILABLE Fromnational Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O DOCUMENT RESUME ED 351 624 CG 024 624 TITLE Prevention Plus II: Tools for Creating and Sustaining Drug-Free Communities. INSTITUTION Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration (DHHS/PHS), Rockville, MD. Office for Substance Abuse Prevention. REPORT NO DPHS-ADM-89-1649 PUB DATE 89 NOTE 553p. AVAILABLE FROMNational Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20852. PUB TYPE Reports General (140) Guides General (050) EDRS PRICE MF02/PC23 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Adolescents; *Alcohol Abuse; Case Studies; *Drug Abuse; *Prevention; Program Content; Program Implementation; *Substance Abuse ABSTRACT This manual was designed to help program planners and others to develop an effective systems approach to fighting the war against alcohol and other drug use among youth in their communities. It explains how individual, interpersonal, and environmental situations and conditions contribute to alcohol and other drug use and provides strategies for combating each of these forces. Nine steps to planning and implementing an integrated program are also provided, with worksheets, planning charts, and other aids. Finally. model communities around the country that have been successful with these approaches are described. A glossary of key terms, a style sheet on alcohol and other drug terminology, and editorial guidelines for acronyms and abbreviations are included. The four chapters focus on these topics:(1) the impact of alcohol and other drug use and the importance of prevention;(2) a systems approach to alcohol and other drug use and implications for prevention; (3) prevention planning; and (4) case studies of comprehensive community prevention efforts. Included in the appendixes are a list of signs of alcohol and drug use; descriptions of relevant organizations and programs; the National Prevention Network Directory; a list of State and Territorial Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Program Directors; a guide to working with the media; and discussion of peer prevention programs. (ABL) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** To, Office for Substance Abuse Prevention Tools for Creating and Sustaining Drug-Free Communities f.^,-°:tt ati U.s. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement O EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) IILThis document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality Points of view or opinions stated in this docu- ment do not necessarily represent official OERI °onion or policy 4,Huse U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration OSAP Printed by the Office for Substance Abuse Prevention and distributed by the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information P.O. Box 2345 Rockville, MD 20852 3 ti Iii Tools for Creating andSustaining Drug-Free Communities p 4- BEST COPYAVAILABtr Table of Contents Foreword vii Acknowledgments ix Glossary of Key Terms xiii Style Sheet on Alcohol and Other Drug Terminology .. xvii Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Editorial Guidelines ...xix Chapter 1 The Impact of Alcohol and Other Drug Use and the Importance of Prevention 1 The Importance and Payoffs of Prevention Creating a Drug-free Community 12 Chapter 2 A Systems Approach to Alcohol and Other Drug Use and Implications for Prevention 17 Introduction 17 Contributors to Alcohol and Other Drug Use . 18 Individual Characteristics and Situations . 20 Interpersonal and Social Influences 24 Global Environmental Influences 29 Strategies for Preventing Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Use by Youth 37 Strategies Focused on the Individual 38 Strategies Focused on the Peer Group 42 Educational Approaches Targeting Parents 43 Prevention Through School-Based Strategies 50 The Student Assistance Program 59 Educational Approaches for Teachers 61 Mass Media Approaches to Prevention 67 Prevention Through Regulatory and Legal Action74 Summary 79 Chapter 3 Prevention Planning auide 93 Introduction 93 Table of Contents Why Planning Is Important 93 Contents of a Community Plan to Prevent Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Use 94 The Nine Planning Steps: An Overview 95 The First Step: Performing a Needs Assessment 97 Researching Existing Programs 112 Special Considerations for Assessing the Needs of Culturally Diverse Communities 116 The Second Step: Developing Prevention Goals 118 The Third Step: Developing Objectives 122 The Fourth Step: Identifying Resources 125 The Fifth Step: Identifying Funding Sources 128 Community Fundraising 129 Foundation Grants and Government Grants and Contracts 138 A Final Note 142 The Sixth Step: Assigning Leadership Tasks ... 145 The Seventh Step: Implementation 150 The Eighth Step: Evaluation 154 Process Evaluation: Did We Accomplish Our Objectives? Why o: Why Not? 156 Outcome Evaluation: Did Accomplishing Our Objectives Help Us To Achieve Our Goals? 156 Efficiency Evaluation: Did We Use Our Resources Efficiently? 158 Evaluation Planning 160 The Ninth Step: Program Revision 161 Additional Reading 165 Sources of Information on Grants and Foundations 166 Chapter 4 Case Studies of Comprehensive Community Prevention Efforts 169 Introduction 169 Six comprehensive Programs 171 Kansas Alcohol and Drug Prevention System 171 The Regional Drug Initiative, Multnomah County, Oregon 185 iv 6 Prevention Plus II The Alcohol Program, San Diego County, California 199 How the Alcohol Program Achieves Its Goals 200 Within You, Inc., Berkeley, California (Formerly Oakland Parents in Action) 214 Illinois Department of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse 231 The Center for Human Development, Lafayette, California 239 Exemplary Programs 247 Appendixes A. Drugs: What Are Their Physical and Psychological Effects? 363 B. Signs of Alcohol and Drug Use 371 C. Message and Material Review Process 375 D. Organizations and Programs 405 E. National Prevention Network Directory .. 413 F. State and Territorial Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Program Directors 419 G. The RADAR Network 425 H. Theories and Models Supporting Current Prevention Approaches 433 I.The Fact Is...You Can Effectively Launch Media Campaigns 445 J. A Guide to Working With the Media 451 K Is 1CADI Resource Lists 493 L. Peer Programs: The Lodestone to Prevention (by Bonnie Benard) 497 M. The Alcohol Policy Bill of Rights: Recommendations for Public Policy Reform (by James F. Mosher, J.D.) 515 References 533 V Foreword The primary goal of the Office for Substance Abuse Prevention (OSAP), a part of the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration within the Public Health Service, is to prevent alcohol and other drug use among America's young people. In fact, OSAP was cre- ated by the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 as the corner- stone of the Federal strategy to reduce the demand for alcohol and other drugs. Youth have been targeted be- cause almost all cigarette, alcohol, and illicit drug use is initiated before the age of 25; therefore, preventing the onset of use can lead to many lives free of the problems of alcohol and other drugs. In addition, the earlier a young person begins to consume alcohol or to use other drugs, the greater the likelihood that he or she will develop drug problems later. Alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana are the drugs that young people usually try first and are known as gateway drugs because they can lead to the use of other illegal drugs. For youth from higher risk environ- ments, drug use may begin with a highly addictive form of cocaine known as crack cocaine, or with inhalants and PCP. OSAP's message is clear: the use of any illegal drugs, the illegal use of alcohol, and the use of legal drugs in ways they were not intended should be prevented. The challenge is to gain acceptance and to have society speak with one voice through the media, family, religious insti- tutions, worksites, youth programs, and schools. To meet this challange, a variety of prevention approaches that are sensitive to cultural and societal norms, values, and patterns are needed. Many of these approaches were de- scribed in the first volume of Prevention Plus. It has be- come clear, however, that to be effective, a message from one segment of a community must be reinforced by other segments within the community. Integrating prevention messages and activities throughout the community is a promising approach, an approach known as the "systems approach." This volume, Prevention Plus II seeks to help communities adopt a comprehensive systems approach to vii U Foreword prevention. As other approaches or strategies become apparent, OSAP will develop additional volumes. The systems approach is based on the finding thatpre- vention programs do not work in isolation. There must be a continuum of clear, concise, and unambiguous messages that occur regularly in all parts of a community- -in its schools, workplaces, media, religious institutions, public and private sectors, legal and judicial systems, and fami- lies. Additionally, because the causes of alcohol and other drug use are multipledepending on environment,age, and so fortha variety of approaches are needed, all of which should be integrated across community institu- tions. The pieces must be brought together in the form of a comprehensive program that works with every part of the community, providing many strategies and
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