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Putting Healing Before Punishment 1
Report on Drug Policy Reform: Putting Healing Before Punishment 1 A Report with Recommendations on Drug Policy: Putting Healing Before Punishment From the Advisory Committee on Social Witness Policy [Text as amended by General Assembly and posted: https://www.pc-biz.org/#/search/3000283] In response to the 222nd General Assembly (2016) overture, the Advisory Committee on Social Witness Policy recommends the General Assembly adopt the following affirmations and recommendations: The Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) has a responsibility to provide advocacy “for effective drug policies grounded in science, compassion and human rights” (Minutes, 2014, Part I, p. 630). The “war on drugs” has generated numerous destructive and deadly side effects while failing to deliver an adequate or effective response to the problems associated with illicit drug use. In light of this, we call on church and society to shift approaches: to put healing before punishment. This report begins by showing that the war on drugs is not working. While we can’t know what the world would look like if we had not declared war on drugs, attempts at eradication have become at least as destructive as the drugs themselves. Our punitive approach has spread violence at home and abroad. It has caused disproportionate harm to communities of color, contributed to crime and to the crisis of mass incarceration. At the same time, its harsh penalties failed to prevent an opioid crisis, which has become the leading cause of death for young adults in many states. This report comes at a time when the public’s acceptance of marijuana is propelling efforts to decriminalize and legalize cannabis for medical and recreational use. -
Katharine House Hospice Drug Policy
KATHARINE HOUSE HOSPICE DRUG POLICY 5th EDITION Approved by: Date of Approval: Originator: Medical Director Ref: BR/Policies/Drug Revision: 4 Approved: Page 1 of 108. Revision due by: KATHARINE HOUSE HOSPICE Preface The use of drugs is an essential part of Palliative Care, but drugs are potentially dangerous if used without due care and attention. This Drug Policy collates a range of policy and multiple drug- related procedures into one document in a way that is intended to minimise the risk of drug- related harm at Katharine House Hospice. Because of the interrelatedness of much of this information, the document is extensively cross-referenced. However, every effort has been taken to make each separate section complete in itself and, in order to achieve this, certain key points may have been repeated in different parts of the document. This Policy has taken account of all appropriate pieces of national legislation. Every relevant standard in the Department of Health National Minimum Standards for Independent Health Care 2002 has also been considered in drawing up this policy, as well as all pertinent advice contained in any correspondence we have had with the HealthCare Commission. Guidance from a range of advisory bodies has also been considered. The hospice is now regulated by the Care Quality Commission. However, reference is still deliberately made to the now defunct Health Care Commission when this specifically relates to correspondence with that organisation that helped to clarify aspects of hospice policy and procedure. A number of in-house procedures and clinical guidelines supplement the Drugs Policy. These include: • Procedure for the Procurement, Handling and Storage of Oxygen Cylinders (Clinical Policies Folder). -
Finland Country Drug Report 2017
Finland Country Drug Report 2017 Contents: At a glance | National drug strategy and coordination (p. 2) | Public expenditure (p. 3) | Drug laws and drug law offences (p. 4) | Drug use (p. 5) | Drug harms (p. 8) | Prevention (p. 10) | Harm reduction (p. 11) | Treatment (p. 12) | Drug use and responses in prison (p. 14) | Quality assurance (p. 15) | Drug-related research (p. 15) | Drug markets (p. 16) | Key drug statistics for Finland (p. 18) | EU Dashboard (p. 20) THE DRUG PROBLEM IN FINLAND AT A GLANCE Drug use Treatment entrants Overdose deaths Drug law offences in young adults (15-34 years) by primary drug in the last year 250 Cannabis 200 23 478 166 150 13.5 % Top 5 drugs seized 100 ranked according to quantities Cannabis, 21% 50 measured in kilograms Amphetamines, 15 % Cocaine, 0 % 0 1. Amphetamine 2011 2012 2013 2015 2014 Opioids, 52 % 2010 2007 2008 2006 9 % 17.9 % 2009 Other, 12 % 2. Herbal cannabis Other drugs Opioid substitution HIV diagnoses 3. Cannabis resin MDMA 2.5 % treatment clients attributed to injecting 4. Cocaine Amphetamines 2.4 % 14 5. Heroin Cocaine 1 % 12 3 000 10 Population 8 (15-64 years) 6 7 High-risk opioid users Syringes distributeddistributed 4 through specialised 2 3 483 757 programmes 0 13 836 2011 2012 2013 2015 2014 2010 2007 2008 2006 2009 Source: EUROSTAT (12 700 - 15 090) 5 301 000 Source: ECDC Extracted on: 26/03/2017 NB: Data presented here are either national estimates (prevalence of use, opioid drug users) or reported numbers through the EMCDDA indicators (treatment clients, syringes, deaths and HIV diagnosis, drug law offences and seizures). -
Considering Marijuana Legalization
Research Report Considering Marijuana Legalization Insights for Vermont and Other Jurisdictions Jonathan P. Caulkins, Beau Kilmer, Mark A. R. Kleiman, Robert J. MacCoun, Gregory Midgette, Pat Oglesby, Rosalie Liccardo Pacula, Peter H. Reuter C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/rr864 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2015 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface Marijuana legalization is a controversial and multifaceted issue that is now the subject of seri- ous debate. In May 2014, Governor Peter Shumlin signed Act 155 (S. -
Rethinking America's Illegal Drug Policy
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES RETHINKING AMERICA'S ILLEGAL DRUG POLICY John J. Donohue III Benjamin Ewing David Peloquin Working Paper 16776 http://www.nber.org/papers/w16776 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 February 2011 The authors wish to thank Jonathan Caulkins, Phil Cook, Louis Kaplow, Rob MacCoun, Jeffrey Miron, Peter Reuter, and participants at two NBER conferences and the Harvard Law School Law and Economics workshop for valuable comments. We are also particularly grateful to Jeffrey Miron and Angela Dills for sharing their national time series data on drug prohibition enforcement and crime. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. © 2011 by John J. Donohue III, Benjamin Ewing, and David Peloquin. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Rethinking America's Illegal Drug Policy John J. Donohue III, Benjamin Ewing, and David Peloquin NBER Working Paper No. 16776 February 2011, Revised March 2011 JEL No. K0 ABSTRACT This paper provides a critical review of the empirical and theoretical literatures on illegal drug policy, including cross-country comparisons, in order to evaluate three drug policy regimes: criminalization, legalization and “depenalization.” Drawing on the experiences of various states, as well as countries such as Portugal and the Netherlands, the paper attempts to identify cost-minimizing policies for marijuana and cocaine by assessing the differing ways in which the various drug regimes would likely change the magnitude and composition of the social costs of each drug. -
Downloaded from by Pediatricsguest on October Vol.3, 2021 109 No
Just a Click Away: Recreational Drug Web Sites on the Internet Paul M. Wax, MD ABSTRACT. The explosive growth of the Internet in sharp rise in MDMA use among college students as recent years has provided a revolutionary new means of well.3 The report of the Drug Abuse Warning Net- interpersonal communication and connectivity. Informa- work released in December 2000 reveals that emer- tion on recreational drugs—once limited to bookstores, gency department (ED) episodes related to MDMA, libraries, mass media, and personal contacts—is now GHB, and ketamine increased significantly during readily available to just about anyone with Internet ac- 4 cess. Not surprising, Internet access greatly facilitates the the period 1994 to 1999. In addition, abuse of some free and easy exchange of ideas, opinions, and unedited older drugs, such as dextromethorphan, seems to be 5 and nonrefereed information about recreational drugs. on the upsurge. This article presents a patient who came to medical at- Simultaneous with this “club” drug revolution has tention as the result of recreational drug-taking behavior been the explosive growth of the Internet. A dra- directly influenced by her Internet browsing. A second matic change in the everyday means of communica- case is presented in which the only information available tions has taken place. E-mail is now ubiquitous, and about the medical effects of a new “designer” drug was the World Wide Web, known as the Internet, brings found on a recreational drug Internet Web site. Several people together from all over the world attracted by such Web sites are described in detail. -
Substance Abuse and Addictions Management
SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND ADDICTIONS MANAGEMENT Substance abuse , also known as drug abuse , is a patterned use of a substance (drug) in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods neither approved nor supervised by medical professionals. Substance abuse/drug abuse is not limited to mood-altering or psycho-active drugs. If an activity is performed using the objects against the rules and policies of the matter (as in steroids for performance enhancement in sports), it is also called substance abused. Therefore, mood-altering and psychoactive substances are not the only types of drug abuse. Using illicit drugs – narcotics, stimulants, depressants (sedatives), hallucinogens, cannabis, even glues and paints, are also considered to be classified as drug/substance abuse. [2] Substance abuse often includes problems with impulse control and impulsive behaviour. The term "drug abuse" does not exclude dependency, but is otherwise used in a similar manner in nonmedical contexts. The terms have a huge range of definitions related to taking a psychoactive drug or performance enhancing drug for a non- therapeutic or non-medical effect. All of these definitions imply a negative judgment of the drug use in question (compare with the term responsible drug use for alternative views). Some of the drugs most often associated with this term include alcohol, amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines (particularly temazepam, nimetazepam, and flunitrazepam), cocaine, methaqualone, and opioids. Use of these drugs may lead to criminal penalty in addition to possible physical, social, and psychological harm, both strongly depending on local jurisdiction. [3] There are many cases in which criminal or antisocial behavior occur when the person is under the influence of a drug. -
The Moral Life of Adderall: Health, Empowerment, and Responsibility in the Era of Pharmaceuticalization
THE MORAL LIFE OF ADDERALL: HEALTH, EMPOWERMENT, AND RESPONSIBILITY IN THE ERA OF PHARMACEUTICALIZATION By Tazin Karim Daniels A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Anthropology – Doctor of Philosophy 2016 ABSTRACT THE MORAL LIFE OF ADDERALL: HEALTH, EMPOWERMENT, AND RESPONSIBILITY IN THE ERA OF PHARMACEUTICALIZATION By Tazin Karim Daniels My dissertation is an ethnographic exploration of how pharmaceutical morality is challenged, negotiated, and reconstructed across the social life of prescription stimulants. It is situated within the modern American university, where students are experimenting with drugs such as Adderall and Vyvanse in an attempt to improve academic performances. Sanctioned for the treatment of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), these powerful medications require a doctor’s prescription to access legally. However, studies indicate that they are commonly circulated among peers, leading to proscribed consumption rates of up to 43% in some college populations. Existing research focuses primarily on the motivations of the illicit user and describes their pharmaceutical choices according to neoliberal logics. I build on this work by also considering the moral logics that students rely on to rationalize their controversial behaviors. Moreover, I examine how these logics are translated and absorbed as they filter through the economic, medical, and academic landscapes that circumscribe the user experience. This includes questions of safety, -
Pathways to Drug Policies That Work
TAKING CONTROL: PATHWAYS TO DRUG POLICIES THAT WORK SEPTEMBER 2014 Apu Comes/Folhapress GLOBAL COMMISSION ON DRUG POLICY MEMBERS Kofi Annan Aleksander Kwasniewski chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation and former former President of Poland Secretary-General of the United Nations, Ghana Ricardo Lagos Louise Arbour former President of Chile former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Canada George Papandreou CONTENTS former Prime Minister of Greece Pavel Bém Foreword from THE CHAIR 04 former mayor of Prague, Czech Republic Jorge Sampaio former President of Portugal EXECUTIVE Summary 06 Richard Branson entrepreneur, advocate for social causes, founder of the George Shultz THE ‘WAR ON DRUGS’ HAS FAILED Virgin Group, cofounder of The Elders, United Kingdom former Secretary of State, United States – NEW approaches ARE EMERGING 10 (honorary chair) Fernando Henrique Cardoso KEY pathways to drug POLICIES that work 16 former President of Brazil (chair) Javier Solana former European Union High Representative for the 2.1 Put people’s health and safety first 18 Maria Cattaui Common Foreign and Security Policy, Spain 2.2 Ensure access to essential medicines and pain control 20 former Secretary-General of the International 2.3 End the criminalization and incarceration of people who use drugs 21 Chamber of Commerce, Switzerland Thorvald Stoltenberg 2.4 Refocus enforcement responses to drug trafficking and organized crime 23 former Minister of Foreign Affairs and UN High Ruth Dreifuss Commissioner for Refugees, Norway 2.5 Regulate drug markets to put governments in control 26 former Minister of Social Affairs and former President of Switzerland Mario Vargas Llosa GLOBAL LEADERSHIP FOR MORE EFFECTIVE AND HUMANE POLICIES 32 writer and public intellectual, Peru Cesar Gaviria References and Notes 37 former President of Colombia Paul Volcker former Chairman of the US Federal Reserve and of the Annex. -
A Study of Cocaine Use in Northern Ireland 2009
A Study of Cocaine Use in Northern Ireland 2009 Patrick McCrystal Queen’s University Belfast Paula Mayock Trinity College Dublin Sarah Hannaford Queen’s University Belfast This research was commissioned by Public Health Information and Research Branch, Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety The views expressed in this 1 report are those of the authors Acknowledgements The authors are indebted to a number of individuals and organisations without whom this research would not have been possible. However, we feel that due to the sensitive nature of the research and the information disclosed by cocaine users and those working within drug treatment agencies it would not be appropriate to include their names here. We must, however, acknowledge that without advice and input from these agencies in both the public and private sectors, this research would not have been possible. We are also indebted to all research participants who agreed to share their experiences of cocaine use. In addition to the authors important contributions were made to the transcription and analysis of the interviews. In particular Jennifer Cronly made an invaluable contribution to the coding and analysis of the interview data, Marie Louise Corr and Leeanne O’Hara provided support with the preparation of the data for analysis. We would also like to thank and Neil Dowling for assisting us with this study. Dr Andrew Percy, a lecturer in the School of Sociology, Social Policy and Social Work at Queens University Belfast, provided an informed comment on our work which we appreciate. Finally we must state that the views expressed in this report are those of the authors. -
Medical Marijuana the War on Drugs and the Drug Policy Reform Movement
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ FROM THE FRONTLINES TO THE BOTTOM LINE: MEDICAL MARIJUANA THE WAR ON DRUGS AND THE DRUG POLICY REFORM MOVEMENT A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction Of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in SOCIOLOGY by Thomas R. Heddleston June 2012 The Dissertation of Thomas R. Heddleston is approved: ____________________________________ Professor Craig Reinarman, Chair ____________________________________ Professor Andrew Szasz ____________________________________ Professor Barbara Epstein ___________________________________ Tyrus Miller Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Copyright © by Thomas R. Heddleston 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Chapter I: The History, Discourse, and Practice of Punitive Drug Prohibition 38 Chapter II: Three Branches Of Reform, The Drug Policy Reform Movement From 1964 To 2012 91 Chapter III: Sites of Social Movement Activity 149 Chapter IV: The Birth of Medical Marijuana In California 208 Chapter V: A Tale of 3 Cities Medical Marijuana 1997-2011 245 Chapter VI: From Movement to Industry 303 Conclusion 330 List of Supplementary Materials 339 References 340 iii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Table 2.1: Major Organizations in the Drug Policy Reform Movement by Funding Source and Organizational Form 144 Table 3.1: Characteristics of Hemp Rallies Attended 158 Table 3.2: Drug Policy Organizations and the Internet 197 Figure 4.1: Proposition 215 Vote November 1996 241 Table 5.1: Political Opportunity Structures and Activist Tools 251 Table 5.2: Key Aspects of Political Opportunity Structures at 3 Levels of Government 263 Figure 5.1: Medical Cannabis Dispensaries by Region and State 283 iv ABSTRACT Thomas R. Heddleston From The Frontlines to the Bottom Line: Medical Marijuana the War On Drugs and the Drug Policy Reform Movement The medical marijuana movement began in the San Francisco Bay Area in the early 1990s in a climate of official repression. -
Governing Young People's Drug
Margaret Pereira Governing Young People’s Drug Use: Crime, Harm and Contemporary Drug Use Practices Margaret Pereira, Queensland University of Technology Conference subtheme: Policing, Security and Democratic Freedoms Abstract Since the nineteenth century, drug use has been variously understood as a problem of epidemiology, psychiatry, physiology and criminality. Consequently drug research tends to be underpinned by assumptions of inevitable harm, and is often directed towards preventing drug use or solving problems. These constructions of the drug problem have generated a range of law enforcement responses, drug treatment technologies and rehabilitative programs that are intended to prevent drug related harm and resituate drug users in the realm of neo‐liberal functional citizenship. This paper is based on empirical research of young people’s illicit drug use in Brisbane. The research rejects the idea of a pre‐given drug problem, and seeks to understand how drugs have come to be defined as a problem. Using Michel Foucault’s conceptual framework of governmentality, the paper explores how the governance of illicit drugs, through law, public health and medicine, intersects with self‐governance to shape young people’s drug use practices. It is argued that constructions of the drug problem shape what drug users believe about themselves and the ways in which they use drugs. From this perspective, drug use practices are ‘practices of the self’, formed through an interaction of the government of illicit drugs and the drug users’ own subjectivity. Introduction Harm reduction strategies introduced in Australia since the 1980s have aimed to reduce health problems related to injecting drug use and other harmful practices.