Straight Ticket Voting in Texas, 1998-2008
REPORT #3
STUDIES OF POLITICAL STATISTICS: STRAIGHT TICKET VOTING IN TEXAS, 1998-2008
PRESENTED BY ACC PROFESSOR LARRY WILLOUGHBY ON BEHALF OF THE ACC CENTER FOR PUBLIC POLICY & POLITICAL STUDIES
DECEMBER 2008
ACC Center for Public Policy & Political Studies: Office of External Affairs 5930 Middle Fiskville Road, Suite 414 ● Austin, TX 78752 ● 512-223-7069 (O) ● 512-223-7210 (F) www.austincc.edu/cppps (Web site) [email protected] (Email) William “Peck” Young, Director
SUMMARY OF STRAIGHT TICKET VOTING IN TEXAS 1998-2008 REPORT
The following is the third of multiple studies, presentations, and reports that have been and will be conducted by the students and faculty of the Austin Community College Center for Public Policy & Political Studies.
Periodically, we conduct non-partisan analytical studies of political statistics (e.g. election results, voter registration, turnout patterns, etc.) to see what these studies reveal about political processes in Texas, and the Austin political community specifically.
Associate Professor of History Larry Willoughby prepared this report, with the assistance of Center for Public Policy and Political Studies staff. The maps were prepared by ACC student Rhonda Roundy.
This statistical political study is an analysis of straight ticket voting in the Texas elections of 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, and 2008. “Straight ticket” voting occurs when a voter casts a ballot for all candidates within a party line, e.g., all Democratic or all Republican candidates. The ACC Center for Public Policy and Political Studies (the “Center”) will use the information to observe voting patterns and political trends in Texas.
Center staff gathered the data for counties constituting 83% of the total votes for the 2008 General Election. This information was combined with archival data (1998 to 2006) to compile this report.
The data and analysis supports the following conclusions:
1. Contrary to expectations, straight ticket voting reached a ten-year high at 57.59% of all votes cast. This exceeded the previous record high in 2004 of 55.55%.
2. Republicans won the straight ticket vote as they have for ten years. However, the Republicans won the straight ticket vote by the smallest margin in 10 years, receiving 50.28% to 48.99% for the Democrats. 3. With only 1.29 percentage points separating the two parties in straight ticket voting, the Republicans margin of victory in the Presidential and U.S. Senate races came by winning the swing (non-straight ticket) vote overwhelmingly. In the Presidential election, the margin among swing voters was 63.1%-36.9%. In the U.S.Senate race, the margin among swing voters for the GOP was 63.9%-36.1%.
4. The good news for the Democrats was that in the nine counties that represented 54.32% of all votes, straight ticket voting represented 59.83% of all votes cast and Democrats won straight ticket voting in these nine counties 52.73% to 46.45% for the GOP. Democrats also won six of these nine counties. These counties were Harris, Dallas, Bexar, Travis, Fort Bend, and El Paso.
5. Finally, of the 21 counties that represent 70% of all votes cast, straight ticket voting represented 57.07% of all votes cast and Democrats won 51.41% of this straight ticket vote to 47.89% for the Republicans.
Apparently, at least for this election cycle, straight ticket voting was a majority of the votes cast, but was so evenly divided, it by itself was not decisive. The Republican victory in 2008 came not from control of straight ticket voting, but of swing voting.
Report 3
Studies of Political Statistics: STRAIGHT TICKET VOTING IN TEXAS 1998-2008
FOCUS of STUDY –
This statistical political study is an analysis of straight ticket voting in the Texas elections of 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, and 2008. Information gathered has enabled the ACC Center for Public Policy and Political Studies to observe voting patterns and possible political trends in Texas among straight ticket voters.
METHODOLOGY -
Data for these six elections was compiled from Texas county voting statistics. County officials were contacted until sufficient response represented 83% of total votes cast statewide in Presidential races. The inquiries started with a list of counties from largest to smallest. For the elections from 1998 to 2004, data came from the archives of the director of this center.
For the 2006 election, four Austin Community College students (Brad Burnett, Elise Swaving, Anastassia Travina, and Josh Whitcomb) contacted county officials and compiled statistics that represented 73% of the total votes cast throughout Texas. The students asked for the number of total ballots cast in the county, the total straight ticket Republican votes, the total straight ticket Democratic votes, and the total straight ticket Libertarian (or other) votes. The data was obtained verbally over the phone or was taken from a website provided by county officials.
For the 2008 election, ACC staffer Maxine Kaplan obtained all the data. Most of the information was obtained from web sites, with some acquired through verbal surveys over the phone.
In total, data for this report was compiled from phone surveys, web site reports, and the archives of the director of this center.
Findings and Analysis:
I. Before the November 2008 General election, pundits expected a record turnout in Texas of young, minority and first time voters. As a result, the experts expected a drop in straight ticket voting because they felt that these new voters would vote for one or more individuals, but not for a Party or “brand.” Therefore, the logic was that although many first time voters would be Democratic, Republicans could still expect to hold a safe edge in straight ticket voting statewide. Only the record turnout prediction of this projection proved to be true.
Based on an analysis of 47 counties, which represents 83% of all the votes cast for President in Texas in 2008:
• There was a record turnout of 59.5% • Straight ticket voting represented 57.59% of all votes cast. That is higher than the previous high of 55.55% in 2004. • The Republicans won straight ticket voting (s.t.voting), but by the smallest margin since this analysis began in 1998. The GOP received 50.28% of the s.t. vote, while Democrats received 48.99% of the s.t. vote in 2008.
In summary, in 2008 in Texas, more people than ever voted, the largest percentage ever voted straight ticket, and the Republicans got the lowest percentage of straight ticket votes in the 10 years of this analysis.
II. In the last three Texas General elections, nine counties have made up between 51-54% of the total vote: Harris, Dallas, Tarrant, Bexar, Travis, Collin, Denton, Fort Bend and El Paso. In 2004, these counties represented 52.93% of the total vote.
• In 2004, straight ticket voting represented 60.97% of total votes cast and Republicans won 54.43% of the s.t.vote. Democrats won 45.57% of the s.t.vote. • In 2006, straight ticket voting represented 48.29% of total votes cast in a four- way Governors race, but Democrats narrowly won the 2006 s.t.vote with 49.45% of the votes compared to 49.39% for the GOP. • In 2008, these nine counties represented 54.32% of the total vote. In 2008, their straight ticket votes were won by the Democrats - 52.73% to 46.45% for the Republicans, indicating an acceleration of the trend that began in 2006. Further, straight ticket votes represented 59.83% of total votes cast, which was higher than the statewide level. • Lastly, the Democrats won the s.t. vote in six of the top nine counties. In ‘04, Democrats won three. In ’06, Democrats won the same six counties, but by smaller margins.
III. In 2008, only 21 counties in Texas represent 70% of the total votes cast. These counties, in order of turnout size are: Harris, Dallas, Tarrant, Bexar, Travis, Collin, Denton, Fort Bend, El Paso, Williamson, Montgomery, Hidalgo, Brazoria, Galveston, Nueces, Lubbock, Bell, Jefferson, McLennan, Smith, Cameron. Among these results, the Center found some interesting patterns:
• In these counties, straight ticket votes represented 57.07% of total votes cast. • Here again, unlike statewide, the Democrats won 51.41% of s.t. votes to 47.89% for the Republicans and .7% for the Libertarians. • Democrats won the s.t. vote in 10 of these twenty-one counties including the six they won of the top nine.
IV. Though the straight ticket vote was divided between the two major parties by 1.3 percentage points, the Republicans won the straight ticket swing vote with 63%+ in both the Presidential and U.S. Senate races.
• The Democrats lost the straight ticket vote by the narrowest margin in the ten years of this study. • In the Presidential Election, the Republicans won the swing (non-straight ticket) vote with 63.1% to 36.9% for Democrats. • The Republicans in the U.S. Senate Election won the swing vote by 63.9% to 39.1% for Democrats. • In short, in Texas in 2008, the swing voter belonged to the Republicans statewide.
Straight Ticket Voting Percentages in Texas since 1998 YEAR S.T.% OF TBC GOP% OF S.T. DEMO% OF S.T. 1998 47.60% 52.68% 46.61% 2000 49% 51% 49% 2002 49.60% 52% 48% 2004 55.55% 57% 43% 2006 45.04% 51.33% 47.44% 2008 57.59% 50.28% 48.99%
Presidential Elections Only YEAR S.T.% OF TBC GOP% OF S.T. DEMO% OF S.T. 2000 49% 51% 49% 2004 55.55% 57% 43% 2008 57.59% 50.28 48.99%
Legend: S.T.% of TBC Percentage of Straight Ticket Votes of Total Votes Cast
GOP% of S.T. Republican Percentage of the Straight Ticket Vote
DEMO% of S.T. Democratic Percentage of the Straight Ticket Vote
Straight Ticket Voting Percentages from 1998-2008 November 4, 2008 President/Vice-President Election Representing 83% of Total Vote
Counties by Number of Votes - Highest to Lowest
47 Counties Total Votes CI % TOTAL Tot S.T. GOP S.T. DEMO S.T. LIB S.T. COUNTY T. V. HARRIS 1,167,285 14.49% 14.49% 737735 343282 390444 4009 1185658 DALLAS 738,296 9.17% 23.66% 479342 187746 289092 2504 741778 TARRANT 626,649 7.78% 31.44% 391410 214053 174981 2376 633753 BEXAR 524,634 6.51% 37.95% 276774 118774 155389 2515 530278 TRAVIS 394,952 4.90% 42.86% 193695 66303 124796 2596 394952 COLLIN 294,956 3.66% 46.52% 170076 112595 56593 888 297411 DENTON 242,145 3.01% 49.53% 132248 87080 44093 1075 242145 FORT BEND 202,225 2.51% 52.04% 135756 66615 68426 715 202225 EL PASO 184,336 2.29% 54.33% 100753 23526 76479 748 188517 4,375,478 2617789 1219974 1380293 17426
WILLIAMSON 157,659 1.96% 56.29% 77961 46599 30488 874 157659 MONTGOMERY 157,327 1.95% 58.24% 103865 82126 21108 631 157327 HIDALGO 130,485 1.62% 59.86% 82661 20162 61808 691 130485 BRAZORIA 104,656 1.30% 61.16% 54728 33393 20964 371 104656 GALVESTON 104,288 1.30% 62.45% 56471 30142 25946 383 105936 NUECES 100,865 1.25% 63.71% 47639 21195 25843 601 100865 LUBBOCK 97,063 1.21% 64.91% 39947 27760 11945 242 97063 BELL 89,788 1.11% 66.03% 45775 23850 21588 337 89788 JEFFERSON 88,234 1.10% 67.12% 55299 20590 34517 192 88831 MCLENNAN 79,593 0.99% 68.11% 42442 22922 19170 350 79593 SMITH 79,052 0.98% 69.09% 55400 31270 23715 415 79052 CAMERON 75,547 0.94% 70.03% 42871 11,420 30,851 600 75547 5,824,371 3322848 1,591,403 1,708,236 23113
HAYS 59,022 0.73% 70.76% 29035 14,334 14286 415 59022 BRAZOS 58,567 0.73% 71.49% 22978 13402 9311 265 58567 ELLIS 53,808 0.67% 72.16% 28754 20211 8330 213 53808 RANDALL 51,771 0.64% 72.80% 26537 22312 4059 166 51771 JOHNSON 50,039 0.62% 73.42% 25319 18369 6809 201 50039 COMAL 48,025 0.60% 74.02% 24003 18859 5007 137 48025 PARKER 47,541 0.59% 74.61% 28951 23074 5658 210 47541 TAYLOR 47,355 0.59% 75.20% 22135 15982 5986 167 47355 GUADALUPE 47,255 0.59% 75.79% 25033 16153 8702 178 47255 WEBB 46,796 0.58% 76.37% 27549 4297 22750 502 46796 MIDLAND 46,115 0.57% 76.94% 23806 18618 5054 134 46155 WICHITA 45,841 0.57% 77.51% 20133 12324 7582 227 45841 GRAYSON 45,356 0.56% 78.07% 25002 16428 8437 137 45356 GREGG 42,470 0.53% 78.60% 25315 16847 8424 44 42470 TOM GREEN 38,541 0.48% 79.08% 16888 12241 4452 195 38541 ECTOR 35,591 0.44% 79.52% 21033 14912 5903 218 35591 BOWIE 35,187 0.44% 79.96% 17246 9804 7257 185 35187 KAUFMAN 35,133 0.44% 80.39% 19169 12227 6830 112 35133 ROCKWALL 31,947 0.40% 80.79% 16972 12946 3947 79 31947 VICTORIA 30,020 0.37% 81.16% 15276 9270 5885 121 30020 POTTER 29,986 0.37% 81.53% 15322 10205 4947 170 29986 HUNT 29,519 0.37% 81.90% 13075 8455 4459 161 29519 ORANGE 29,406 0.37% 82.27% 13040 7994 4915 131 29406 HENDERSON 28,895 0.36% 82.62% 14743 10011 4615 117 28895 HARRISON 26,099 0.32% 82.95% 11678 6896 4681 101 26099 BASTROP 25,888 0.32% 83.27% 10280 4456 5674 150 25888 6,890,544 83.28% 3862120 1,942,030 1,892,196 27849 1141760 57.59% 50.284% 48.994% 0.72%
Legend CI Contribution Index, the percentage that the county contributes to the total vote.
TOTAL % Cumulative Percentage Total of the county in that row and the counties listed above it.
TOTAL S.T. V. Total Straight Ticket Vote
GOP S.T.V. Republican Straight Ticket Vote
DEMO S.T.V. Democratic Straight Ticket Vote
LIB S.T.V. Libertarian Straight Ticket Vote
COUNTY T.V. Total vote per county
Texas counties that represent 83% of the total Presidential vote in 2008 Counties that represent 50% of the Texas General Election Vote from 2004 to 2008 08 County Total Votes CI Total % GOP GOP% DEMO DEMO% LIB LIB% TOT S.T.V. Harris 1167285 14.49% 343282 46.53% 390444 52.92% 4009 0.0054 737735 Dallas 738296 9.17% 23.66% only counted 187746 39.17% 289092 60.31% 2504 0.0052 479342 Tarrant 626649 7.78% 16.95% votes not ballots 210053 53.67% 174981 44.71% 2376 0.0061 391410 Bexar 524634 6.51% 14.29% in 2008 118774 42.91% 155389 56.14% 2515 0.0091 276774 Travis 394952 4.90% 11.41% 66303 34.23% 124796 64.43% 2596 0.0134 193695 Collin 294956 3.66% 8.56% 112595 66.20% 56593 33.28% 888 0.0052 170076 Denton 242145 3.01% 6.67% 87080 65.85% 44093 33.34% 1075 0.0081 132248 Fort Bend 202225 2.51% 5.52% 66615 49.07% 68426 50.40% 715 0.0053 135756 El Paso 184336 2.29% 4.80% 23526 23.35% 76479 75.91% 748 0.0074 100753 4375478 54.32% 1215974 46.45% 1380293 52.73% 17426 0.0067 2617789 27.79% 46.45% 31.55% 52.73% 0.398% 0.0067 59.83%
06 County Total Votes CI Total % TBC GOP GOP% DEMO DEMO% LIB LIB% TOT S.T.V. Harris 589,348 13.40% 601,186 137,663 48.04% 145,865 50.90% 3,052 1.06% 286,580 Dallas 406,211 9.23% 22.63% 409,886 108,000 45.18% 129,136 54.02% 1,913 0.80% 239,049 Tarrant 326,337 7.42% 30.05% 329,340 92,948 57.36% 67,404 41.59% 1,697 1.05% 162,049 Bexar 274,081 6.23% 36.28% 277,072 51,869 46.10% 58,737 52.20% 1,917 1.70% 112,523 Travis 226,176 5.14% 41.42% 228,299 31,326 36.63% 52,462 61.34% 1,736 2.03% 85,524 El Paso 90,723 2.06% 43.48% 93,654 10,154 26.98% 27,008 71.77% 467 1.24% 37,629 Collin 138,088 3.14% 46.62% 139,247 46,621 70.78% 18,708 28.40% 541 0.82% 65,870 Denton 108,513 2.47% 49.09% 109,327 36,385 70.11% 14,992 28.89% 518 1.00% 51,895 Ft. Bend 98,427 2.24% 51.33% 100,526 23,556 47.82% 25,260 51.27% 448 0.91% 49,264 Total 2,257,904 51.33% 2,288,537 538,522 49.39% 539,572 49.48% 12,289 1.13% 1,090,383 47.65% 23.53% 23.58% 0.54% 48.29% 49.39% 49.48% 1.13%
04 County Total Votes CI Total % GOP GOP% DEMO DEMO% TOT S.T.V. Harris 1,067,968 14.41% 368,838 53.24% 323,996 46.76% 692,834 Dallas 687,709 9.28% 23.69% 215,161 48.55% 228,034 51.45% 443,195 Tarrant 560,141 7.56% 16.84% 222,445 62.28% 134,745 37.72% 357,190 Bexar 475,314 6.41% 13.97% 137,314 51.73% 128,109 48.27% 265,423 Travis 352,113 4.75% 11.17% 76,553 41.98% 105,784 58.02% 182,337 El Paso 169,573 2.29% 7.04% 29,043 32.71% 59,735 67.29% 88,778 Collin 245,154 3.31% 5.60% 112,279 75.39% 36,649 24.61% 148,928 Denton 201,410 2.72% 6.03% 88,185 73.55% 31,714 26.45% 119,899 Ft Bend 163,169 2.20% 4.92% 51,745 55.75% 41,065 44.25% 92,810 Total 3,922,551 52.93% 1,301,563 54.43% 1,089,831 45.57% 2,391,394 33.18% 54.43% 27.78% 45.57% 60.97%
Legend: Total Votes: Total Votes cast in the county in the Gubernatorial/Presidential races
CI: Contribution Index, the percentage that the county contributes to the total vote
Total %: Cumulative Percentage Total of the county in that row and the counties listed above it
TBC: Total ballots cast in the county as reported by the County Clerk
GOP: Republican Straight Ticket Votes
GOP%: Republican Percentage of the Straight Ticket Vote
DEMO: Democratic Straight Ticket Votes
DEMO%: Democratic Percentage of the Straight Ticket Vote
LIB: Libertarian Straight Ticket Votes
LIB%: Libertarian Percentage of Straight Ticket Vote
TOT S.T.V.: Total Straight Ticket Votes
04/08 DEMO %:2004 Democratic Straight Ticket percentage
Counties that represent 50% of the Texas General Election Vote from 2004-2008 Dallam Sherman Hansford Ochiltree Lipscomb
Hartley Moore Hutchinson Roberts Hemphill Top 9 Counties
Oldham Potter Carson Gray Wheeler
Collings- Deaf Smith Randall Armstrong Donley worth
Parmer Castro Swisher Briscoe Hall Childress
Hardeman
Bailey Lamb Hale Floyd Motley Cottle Wilbarger Foard Wichita
Clay Montague Hockley Dickens Knox Baylor Grayson Lamar Cochran Lubbock Crosby King Archer Cooke Fannin Red River Bowie
Delta Franklin
Titus Morris Yoakum Garza Stonewall Throck- Young Jack Wise Denton Collin Terry Lynn Kent Haskell morton Hunt Hopkins Cass Camp Rockwall Rains Parker Wood Marion Gaines Dawson Borden Scurry Fisher Jones Shackelford Stephens Palo Pinto Tarrant Dallas Upshur Kaufman Van Zandt Harrison Gregg Hood Eastland Johnson Ellis Smith Andrews Martin Howard Mitchell Nolan Taylor Callahan Erath Somervell Henderson Panola Navarro Rusk Hill Cherokee Ector Midland Glasscock Coke Comanche Bosque Loving Winkler Sterling Runnels Anderson El Paso Coleman Brown Shelby Hamilton Freestone Nacogdoches McLennan Limestone Augustine Ward Mills San Hudspeth Culberson Crane Upton Reagan Tom Green Coryell Reeves Irion Concho Leon Houston Falls Angelina Sabine McCulloch San Saba Lampasas Trinity Bell Robertson Newton Madison Schleicher Menard Jasper Burnet Milam Polk Pecos Walker Tyler Jeff Davis Crockett Mason Llano Williamson Brazos San Sutton Kimble Burleson Grimes Jacinto Hardin Gillespie Travis Montgomery Blanco Lee Terrell Washington Orange Waller Liberty Kerr Hays Bastrop Presidio Edwards Kendall Val Verde Fayette Austin Real Comal Harris Jefferson Brewster Bandera Chambers Guadalupe Colorado Fort Bend Bexar Gonzales Kinney Uvalde Medina Lavaca Galveston Wharton Wilson Brazoria DeWitt Jackson Maverick Zavala Frio Atascosa Karnes Victoria Matagorda Goliad Calhoun Dimmit Bee La Salle McMullen Live Oak Refugio
Aransas Jim San Patricio Wells Webb Duval Nueces
Kleberg
Jim Hogg Zapata Brooks Kenedy
Starr Willacy Hidalgo
Cameron Dallam Sherman Hansford Ochiltree Lipscomb
Hartley Moore Hutchinson Roberts Hemphill 70% Counties
Oldham Potter Carson Gray Wheeler
Collings- Deaf Smith Randall Armstrong Donley worth
Parmer Castro Swisher Briscoe Hall Childress
Hardeman
Bailey Lamb Hale Floyd Motley Cottle Wilbarger Foard Wichita
Clay Montague Hockley Dickens Knox Baylor Grayson Lamar Cochran Lubbock Crosby King Archer Cooke Fannin Red River Bowie
Delta Franklin
Titus Morris Yoakum Garza Stonewall Throck- Young Jack Wise Denton Collin Terry Lynn Kent Haskell morton Hunt Hopkins Cass Camp Rockwall Rains Parker Wood Marion Gaines Dawson Borden Scurry Fisher Jones Shackelford Stephens Palo Pinto Tarrant Dallas Upshur Kaufman Harrison Van Zandt Gregg Hood Eastland Johnson Ellis Smith Andrews Martin Howard Mitchell Nolan Taylor Callahan Erath Somervell Henderson Panola Navarro Rusk Hill Cherokee Ector Midland Glasscock Coke Comanche Bosque Loving Winkler Sterling Runnels Anderson El Paso Coleman Brown Shelby Hamilton Freestone Nacogdoches McLennan Limestone Augustine Ward Mills San Hudspeth Culberson Crane Upton Reagan Tom Green Coryell Reeves Irion Concho Leon Houston Falls Angelina Sabine McCulloch San Saba Lampasas Trinity Bell Robertson Newton Madison Schleicher Menard Jasper Burnet Milam Polk Pecos Walker Tyler Jeff Davis Crockett Mason Llano Williamson Brazos San Sutton Kimble Burleson Grimes Jacinto Hardin Gillespie Travis Montgomery Blanco Lee Terrell Washington Orange Waller Liberty Kerr Hays Bastrop Presidio Edwards Kendall Val Verde Fayette Austin Real Comal Harris Jefferson Brewster Bandera Chambers Guadalupe Colorado Fort Bend Bexar Gonzales Kinney Uvalde Medina Lavaca Galveston Wharton Wilson Brazoria DeWitt Jackson Maverick Zavala Frio Atascosa Karnes Victoria Matagorda Goliad Calhoun Dimmit Bee La Salle McMullen Live Oak Refugio
Aransas Jim San Patricio Wells Webb Duval Nueces
Kleberg
Jim Hogg Zapata Brooks Kenedy
Starr Willacy Hidalgo
Cameron Dallam Sherman Hansford Ochiltree Lipscomb
Hartley Moore Hutchinson Roberts Hemphill Counties Making Up 83%
Oldham Potter Carson Gray Wheeler
Collings- Deaf Smith Randall Armstrong Donley worth
Parmer Castro Swisher Briscoe Hall Childress
Hardeman
Bailey Lamb Hale Floyd Motley Cottle Wilbarger Foard Wichita
Clay Montague Hockley Dickens Knox Baylor Grayson Lamar Cochran Lubbock Crosby King Archer Cooke Fannin Red River Bowie
Delta Franklin
Titus Morris Yoakum Garza Stonewall Throck- Young Jack Wise Denton Collin Terry Lynn Kent Haskell morton Hunt Hopkins Cass Camp Rockwall Rains Parker Wood Marion Gaines Dawson Borden Scurry Fisher Jones Shackelford Stephens Palo Pinto Tarrant Dallas Upshur Kaufman Harrison Van Zandt Gregg Hood Eastland Johnson Ellis Smith Andrews Martin Howard Mitchell Nolan Taylor Callahan Erath Somervell Henderson Panola Navarro Rusk Hill Cherokee Ector Midland Glasscock Coke Comanche Bosque Loving Winkler Sterling Runnels Anderson El Paso Coleman Brown Shelby Hamilton Freestone Nacogdoches McLennan Limestone Augustine Ward Mills San Hudspeth Culberson Crane Upton Reagan Tom Green Coryell Reeves Irion Concho Leon Houston Falls Angelina Sabine McCulloch San Saba Lampasas Trinity Bell Robertson Newton Madison Schleicher Menard Jasper Burnet Milam Polk Pecos Walker Tyler Jeff Davis Crockett Mason Llano Williamson Brazos San Sutton Kimble Burleson Grimes Jacinto Hardin Gillespie Travis Montgomery Blanco Lee Terrell Washington Orange Waller Liberty Kerr Hays Bastrop Presidio Edwards Kendall Val Verde Fayette Austin Real Comal Harris Jefferson Brewster Bandera Chambers Guadalupe Colorado Fort Bend Bexar Gonzales Kinney Uvalde Medina Lavaca Galveston Wharton Wilson Brazoria DeWitt Jackson Maverick Zavala Frio Atascosa Karnes Victoria Matagorda Goliad Calhoun Dimmit Bee La Salle McMullen Live Oak Refugio
Aransas Jim San Patricio Wells Webb Duval Nueces
Kleberg
Jim Hogg Zapata Brooks Kenedy
Starr Willacy Hidalgo
Cameron