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Assessing Macroinvertebrate Population Inhabiting the Talabaan River, Naawan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines

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Assessing Macroinvertebrate Population Inhabiting the Talabaan River, Naawan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines World Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences Vol. 2, No. 1, December 2017, pp. 1- 5 Available online at http://www.wjeas.com/ Research article ASSESSING MACROINVERTEBRATE POPULATION INHABITING THE TALABAAN RIVER, NAAWAN, MISAMIS ORIENTAL, PHILIPPINES Michael James O. Baclayon9, John Philip A. Viajedor1,9, Cristobal C. Tanael2,9, Juvelyn B. Lugatiman3,9 , Dinnes M. Cortes4,9, Aldrin B. Librero4,9, Jan Rey M. Flores5,9, Florante G. Requina6,9, Romersita D. Dadayan7,9, QuiniGine W. Areola8,9, Sotico P. Micabalo8,9, Ruth S. Talingting8,9, Geralyn D. Dela Peña,9 and Sonnie A. Vedra9 1 University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines 2City Agriculture Office, Iligan City 3 Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Region X 4 Department of Social Welfare and Development, Region X 5 Caraga State University 6 Northwestern Mindanao State College of Science and Technology 7 Mindanao State University, Main Campus, Marawi City 8 Department of Education, Region X 9 School of Graduate Studies, Mindanao State University at Naawan, 9023, Naawan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. ______________________________________________ ABSTRACT Water pollution is rampant due to uncontrolled human activities and using bioindicators could contribute some promising results. As such, this study tried to describe the Talabaan River in terms of the macroinvertebrate population, of which, could be used to assess the water quality condition of the River. Standard methods of specimen collection were done. Results showed that the water quality condition of the upstream until midstream portions of Talabaan River were relatively good, while relatively polluted water was observed at downstream, although it harboured all macroinvertebrate species. Dominance of pollution-sensitive macroinvertebrate was observed in the upstream, while the pollution-tolerant species were observed at downstream. The result of the study could provide preliminary information to be translated into some regulatory measures in a form of implementing the resolutions and ordinances enacted. This is to mitigate further degradation of the water quality conditions of 1 World Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences Vol. 2, No. 1, December 2017, pp. 1- 5 Available online at http://www.wjeas.com/ Talabaan River, and in turn could be used for various socio-economic and ecological purposes, which to be undertaken by all possible stakeholders. Copyright © WJEAS, all rights reserved. Keywords: freshwater macroinvertebrates, riverine ecosystem, Talabaan River ______________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Riverine ecosystem is one of the most important parts of our environment. Since before, river plays a great role in our civilization and a very important part of human survival. It has been the source to many agricultural activities like irrigation supply for rice plantations and water supply for aquaculture ponds. For some remote and less disturbed areas, river is still the source of their everyday drinking water and a habitat to a diverse aquatic organisms. During this modern age, pollution in river ecosystem seems to be normal in any urban and rural areas. Identification and management of pollution in river system have several factors that had to beconsidered, the one and most commonly used is the presence or absence of the inhabiting freshwater macroinvertebrates. Macroinvertebrates are organisms that are touted as important biological indicators for monitoring freshwater ecosystem worldwide because of their high sensitivity to changes in water quality and habitats. They are also easy to capture for sampling due to their limited mobility which can be retained by a mesh net size 200 - 500 micro meter. (Adriaenssens et al., 2002; Hussain and Pandit, 2012; Sharifinia, 2015). Unfortunately, inevitable changes in our environment like increase number of population, agricultural practices, and industrial development are major reasons that disturb the ecological balance on our aquatic ecosystem. Harmful anthropogenic activities near the streams can mostly influence the disturbances on the community structures, functional feeding group and habitat structures of macroinvertebrates (Martínez-Sanz et al, 2014; Mesa et al, 2013). In this context, this study aimed to assess the composition and diversity of freshwater macroinvertebrates inhabiting the upstream, midstream and downstream portions of Talabaan River in Naawan, Misamis Oriental. This description could provide some ideas on the current health of the River since some species of macroinvertebrates were touted as indicators of water quality conditions. METHODOLOGY A reconnaissance survey of the collection sites was conducted to allow representativeness of the river system. Hence, upstream, midstream and downstream portions of the river were assessed. Specimens were collected using a fine mesh net (0.35 mm) measuring 1x1m2. A dip and kick method was employed, such that, the substrate were disturbed while the net was laid to capture macroinvertebrate samples. Three replicate samples were collected for each collection site. All collected specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol and brought to the laboratory for sorting and identification. A guide to macroinvertebrates in tropical waters was used as a reference. Some ecological measures were obtained like the composition, evenness and diversity of the macroinvertebrate population. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Composition of macroinvertebrates There were 11 macroinvertebrates collected, to wit; leech, diving beetle larvae, mayfly nymph, caddisfly larvae, mosquito larvae, damselfly larvae, shrimp larvae, riffle beetle larvae, water strider, snail and soldier fly larvae. In terms of species richness, the 11 collected macroinvertebrates were present in the downstream, while, 9 species were 2 World Journal of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences Vol. 2, No. 1, December 2017, pp. 1- 5 Available online at http://www.wjeas.com/ collected at midstream and 8 at the upstream portion. In terms of tolerance to water quality conditions, macroinvertebrates at the upstream were composed mainly of sensitive to very sensitive organisms like riffle beetle larvae, mayfly nymph, caddisfly larvae and damselfly larvae. In terms of percent composition, around 69.44% were macroinvertebrates that are pollution-sensitive in the upstream. This could signify that the upstream portion of the river is relatively good. In midstream, a good proportion of pollution-sensitive and pollution-tolerant species was observed. Around 58.18% were pollution-sensitive species of macroinvertebrates, hence, a relatively good water quality is still found at midstream, yet threats of water pollution is at the forefront. At downstream, the 11 macroinvertebrates species were present, yet these numbers were dominated by pollution-tolerant species like the leech, mosquito larvae and diving beetle larvae. Almost 71.82% were composed of pollution-tolerant species, that signified that the water quality conditions at downstream is relatively polluted. The species composition along the stretch of Talabaan River could be a function of various utilization patterns of the River. The nature of the riparian and surrounding landscape has been modified by anthropogenic activities, which may subsequently alter the composition and functional structure of macroinvertebrate assemblages. The effect of these changes on function of benthic fauna is difficult to assess due to the scarce knowledge on functionalstructures in tropical streams. Assemblage composition of macroinvertebrates differed between impacted and unimpacted sites. Predators were dominant in taxa number, representing about 60% of total taxa richness. In addition, the diversity and richness of collector-gatherers differed significantly between degraded and unimpacted sites, reflecting the sensitivity of this group to environmental changes and the utility to be used in the assessment of anthropogenic modifications. The results of this study reinforce the idea that riparian corridor management is critical for the distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblages as well as functional organization of lotic streams (Mesa et al., 2013). Other studies claimed that biological communities and physical habitat are closely linked ecosystems. River stratum diversity, shoreline complexity, vertical meandering, riverbed sediment heterogeneity and other morphological characteristics create a rich diversity in river habitats and biological communities. River morphological diversity has laid an important foundation for maintaining the diversity of river biological communities. Studies revealed that biological communities of benthic macroinvertebrates were directly affected by river meandering, river gradient and other geomorphological features, and that geomorphological factors could be used for effective river ecological assessment. Assuming that water quantity and water quality remain unchanged, biological community diversity is positively correlated with habitat spatial heterogeneity. Thus, the greater the morphological diversity of a river, the more microhabitats are available for species to coexist. In contrast, the unique morphology of a river will have a negative impact on biological community diversity, changing its nature, density, and proportion and resulting in ecosystem degradation to a certain degree. As one key representative of the river morphological diversity, river substrate heterogeneity
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