“What Is Exploration?” Face to Face Sixteen Years of Discovery Persistent Prospecting Led to Discovery of Placer Gold in the Gravel of Donlin Creek in 1909

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

“What Is Exploration?” Face to Face Sixteen Years of Discovery Persistent Prospecting Led to Discovery of Placer Gold in the Gravel of Donlin Creek in 1909 projeCt update August 2010 2 “What is exploration?” Face to Face SixTeen YearS of DiscoverY Persistent prospecting led to discovery of placer gold in the gravel of Donlin Creek in 1909. Since then the prospecting and discovery cycle has repeated several more times, and miners eventually recovered roughly 3 30,000 ounces of gold from near-surface deposits. Safety Exploration continues at Donlin Creek, but unlike the previously mined placer deposits from the past, today’s lode gold deposits are contained in bedrock and can extend to great depths beneath the surface. Exploration of these deeper deposits requires scientific methods 4 as well as boot-and-hammer prospecting to accurately estimate what might lie below the surface. Starting Technical Corner in 1994 and continuing today, Donlin Creek LLC (DCLLC) exploration geologists analyze historical data, and complete extensive trenching, surface sampling, geological mapping, geophysics, core drilling and computer modeling. Geologists then work with metallurgists and mining engineers to determine how to extract gold from the rock, mine the deposit in an environmentally responsible manner and layout 5 the operation so buildings and other mine facilities are not constructed over mineral- Opportunities rich areas. Discovery is only the beginning. This lengthy and complex exploration process also provides engineers and planners with the basic geological information to determine if the gold resource is of sufficient quality to support an actual mining project. 5 nexT stepS aT the DOnlin Creek prOject Stewardship Mines are often in difficult-to-access places. This is certainly the case with the Donlin Creek project. Everything from hardhats to hamburgers have to be shipped or flown into the project site since it is not directly connected to a road, water or rail system, making transportation very costly. This is where feasibility studies come into the picture. Not only does there need to be a mineral deposit to mine, but the economics must make sense. The question of, “can the project be developed profitably?” needs 6 to be answered, and this requires estimating the capital and operating costs of a mine History against the potential revenues from production. The biggest challenge at the Donlin Creek project is access to power. It is estimated the mine operation would require 127 megawatts of energy with peak loads of From the 152 megawatts. This is a significant amount of power; for comparison, Anchorage ground up continued on page 3 Face to Face with Doug Nicholson Our condolences go out to the family of a young man from Nevada who died Monday June 21, 2010 following an accident at the Livengood exploration project about 70 miles northwest of Fairbanks. It was reported that the cause of the accident was a piece of clothing caught in moving equipment during exploratory drilling. This is the first mining death in Alaska since 2007 and underscores the importance of workplace safety, training and attention to detail in the mining exploratory work environment. Donlin employees and management live by the motto, “Every Person Going Home Safe and Healthy Every Day.” Our culture of safety guides employees’ actions both on and off the worksite. We watch out for one another, share skills and knowledge, and create a supportive environment. This philosophy is not turned off at the end of the day; it is always operating. It is vitally important that the whole team works together to be safe and all employees are focused on their own safety and that of their co-workers. For several years in a row “every Donlin Creek LLC has been honored with the Barrick Merit of Safety Award, a distinction that recognizes 360 days of zero Lost Time Accidents. This is evidence of our outstanding person workforce and their commitment to a job well done. going Donlin Creek has remained a safe workplace because everyone plays his or her part in making it safe, and we thank you for your hard work. home safe and healthy Doug Nicholson President and General Manager every day.” Donlin Creek LLC timeline NEPA process - 3+ years construction operation mine closure on-going mine site and water monitoring regional and tribal consultation with the mine the expected life and reclamation 16 years oF exploration state and Federal regulatory agencies will continue past the will take of the mine life of the mine. national environmental policy act will require an approximately is determined environmental impact statement 3 years to to span 20 years the proposed gas pipeline Feasibility there will be opportunities for formal public comment construct. or more. project is studies are studies are during the NEPA process. defined by conducted. conducted. donlin creek agencies define the findings of the final NEPA LLC. the scope of the NEPA processes findings are continuing exploration NEPA process. are drafted. submitted. donlin is here 2 permit applications submitted permit decision Safety heliCopter operAtions Environmental and engineering field work being conducted this summer to collect data for reviewing a gas pipeline option will require helicopter support. The length of the proposed pipeline – 325 miles – is such that workers cannot walk to every work site. Therefore, they will be helicoptered in from lodges where they are staying to drop-off spots along the proposed route. They will then walk short distances to each of the sites being studied. The following are general safety rules when traveling by helicopter: 1) Follow the pilot’s instructions – they need to be able to see you at all times and will instruct you where to prohibited stand and when to move. acceptable 2) Never approach a helicopter from the rear even if the engine is not running – the pilot will not be able to see you from behind the aircraft, and the moving tail rotor is very dangerous and it is not visible when it is running. 3) Hold onto all light-weight items as they could be blown away; if an item does get blown away, do not chase preferred after it when the rotors are turning. It's not worth your life. acceptable 4) Pay close attention to the pilot’s acceptable pre-flight briefing. Where there are no roads, helicopters provide unrivaled preferred access, but remember: in a helicopter you are the cargo. Do what you are told, keep your head down and your hands to yourself, and stay safe. “What is exploration?” continued from cover Municipal Light & Power reaches peak loads of about 180 permiT Time megawatts. Therefore, cost–effective sources of energy After the feasibility studies are completed it is anticipated need to be developed or obtained since the project and that DCLLC will file project development permit the area are not connected to a power grid. Over the applications by the end of 2011. Exploration, feasibility next 12 to 18 months DCLLC will conduct further studies and the permitting process are all lengthy but important for a 12-inch, 325-mile natural gas pipeline to bring milestones that mark the Donlin Creek project’s advance gas to the mine site. Once these pipeline studies are towards a construction decision. completed, DCLLC will revise its feasibility study for this new power source option. 3 Technical Corner Reprinted with permission from Barrick’s Corporate Responsibility program CAse study: CulturAl understAnding key to successFul Native hire progrAm in AlAskA At the remote Donlin Creek mining project, an innovative • 50% failure of random drug screening tests local hiring program was established to provide employment • 70% voluntary termination - this figure only includes and skills training for the Indigenous peoples of the Yukon- employees that passed the drug screening tests and Kuskokwim region. The Native hiring program was first were not terminated established in 1996, and it continues today. The combination of these failures made it clear that significant Presently, the Donlin Creek project is staffed primarily by action was needed. For the program to be successful, the Yup'ik and Athabascan Natives. Although now highly successful, team at Donlin needed to understand why these failures the local Native hire program encountered significant, had occurred and take action. A cross-cultural outreach unanticipated challenges early on, as a variety of social, cultural plan and consultation was undertaken to gain a deeper and economic factors threatened to jeopardize its success. understanding of the social, cultural and economic obstacles these employees were facing. Research and consultation Local Native Alaskans nearest to the Donlin Creek project with project partners, former and current employees and are Yup'ik and live throughout Western, Southwestern surrounding communities led to a comprehensive action plan. and South-central Alaska. The Yup'ik culture in Alaska has endured many years of limited economic opportunities and THe new actiOn plan exceedingly high unemployment. Aside from government- • The company’s drug policy was redrafted to include funded work projects, few job prospects had previously hard and fast penalties, yet provide for a period in which existed for Native men and women in the region. employees could reapply for employment following a violation, provided they met certain milestones. THe local Hire prOgram aT DOnlin In order to provide stable jobs and develop the skills of local • An on-site professional counselor was hired, Indigenous people, preferential consideration is given to local specializing in substance abuse, family counseling, Alaska Natives in the hiring process. Specifically, the program workplace counseling and stress management. stipulates that members of local Native communities, and their • Worker rotations were adjusted from 20 days on /10 spouse or descendants, should be given first consideration for days off to a two week on / two week off rotation, 12 any job that becomes available for which they are trained (or hours per day. could be trained in a reasonable amount of time) over other • To build trust, a local Alaska Native was hired as the candidates from outside the region.
Recommended publications
  • 2001-05-06 John Whitehead Speaks About Alaska's True Golden
    2001-05-06 John Whitehead speaks about Alaska’s true golden days. 6/21/81 Fairbanks, Alaska Series: UAF Public Relations tapes Unidentified person talks about various activities during the Gold Days celebration and introduces Dr. John Whitehead. John Whitehead talked about what things were like during the early 1900s in Alaska when gold was being mined from the various streams. It was from 1897 until 1910 that the golden days were in their great heyday. He said he would be sharing some of the characters who came up here to Alaska during those days and some of the problems that Alaskans had. He said keep in mind the people in the western United States were in perpetual motion. Anywhere adventure and profit lurked they were willing to travel. They were moving all the time from one town to another. Coming up to Alaska wasn’t a great journey for many of them. Wyatt Earp came up to Alaska in 1897 until 1901 with his wife, Josie. They left San Francisco and stopped at Wrangell. He acted as deputy marshal there for one day. He met someone that he had thrown in jail in Dodge City. Wyatt and Josie were going to go on the Chilkoot Pass, but things changed their plans including a pregnancy. They returned to San Francisco for a year and returned to Alaska the following year. They landed in St. Michael and then traveled down the Yukon River. By the time they got to Rampart the river was freezing up. They spent the winter there. Rampart at the time was a busy town.
    [Show full text]
  • Alaskan Sled Dog Tales: True Stories of the Steadfast Companions of the North Country Online
    QIcx6 (Online library) Alaskan Sled Dog Tales: True Stories of the Steadfast Companions of the North Country Online [QIcx6.ebook] Alaskan Sled Dog Tales: True Stories of the Steadfast Companions of the North Country Pdf Free Helen Hegener *Download PDF | ePub | DOC | audiobook | ebooks #1750865 in Books 2016-05-02Original language:English 9.00 x .73 x 6.00l, .95 #File Name: 0692668470320 pages | File size: 20.Mb Helen Hegener : Alaskan Sled Dog Tales: True Stories of the Steadfast Companions of the North Country before purchasing it in order to gage whether or not it would be worth my time, and all praised Alaskan Sled Dog Tales: True Stories of the Steadfast Companions of the North Country: 1 of 1 people found the following review helpful. This one makes it to Nome in style!By G. M. WaltonIf you love sled dogs, adventure, the North Lands, and/or history, this is a book for you. Ms Hegener knows her subject forward and backward and writes about it in an engaging and informative way. She has collected an amazing bunch of photographs, old magazine covers, postcards and other memorabilia which illustrate and enhance this absorbing narrative. You will meet many of Alaska's notable characters and some who have never received the fame and acclaim they deserve as well as a few shining examples of the incredible dogs who made Alaska what it is today. If you loved White Fang or some of the modern mushers' personal tales, you will get even more and deeper insights from this beautifully presented book.
    [Show full text]
  • Asian History
    E.J. Hamacher fonds (Margaret and Rolf Hougen collection), 2002/118 PHO 581 #562 Inventory of the History of Asian Yukoners Hidden Histories Society Yukon Whitehorse, Yukon Inventory of Resources Related to the History of Asian Yukoners Prepared for the Hidden Histories Society Yukon by Margaret D’Orsay Update 2020 Pens & Needles Whitehorse, Yukon Copyright ⓒ 2020, 2019, Hidden Histories Society Yukon, Whitehorse, Yukon Y1A 5P7 e-mail: [email protected] All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without prior written permission of the Hidden Histories Society Yukon, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other non-commercial uses permitted by copyright law. Photos credit cover: E.J. Hamacher fonds (Margaret and Rolf Hougen collection), 2002/118 PHO 581 #562 Cataloguing: Inventory of resources related to the history of Asian Yukoners / prepared for the Hidden Histories Society Yukon by Margaret D’Orsay. Update 2020. Whitehorse, Yukon: Pens & Needles, 2020. Cover title: Inventory to the history of Asian Yukoners ISBN 978-0-9879350-8-3 (book); 978-0-9879350-0-9-0 (e-book) 1. Asian Canadians -- Yukon – History – Bibliography. I. D’Orsay, Margaret, 1953- II. Hidden Histories Society Yukon III: Title: Inventory to the history of Asian Yukoners Z1395.A75 016.971 004 96 Funding for this project is made possible with major support from Yukon Historical Resources Fund, Government of Yukon, Holland America Line and the Canadian Filipino Association of Yukon.
    [Show full text]
  • BLM Alaska Frontiers Winter Issue
    Our Alaska Resources: News from the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) ISSUE 128 | WINTER 2018 America’s Coolest Trail Bob Wick ISSUE: 128 what’s inside 4 Iditarod 7 Nature Gets Hygge Tales, Fish, Weirs and 8 a Potlatch PEGed by 11 Archaeology 12 In Wake of Disaster Bob Wick frontiers Innovation is Welcome to ! 14 Elementary It has been great to receive continued requests for notification when our digital BLM Alaska frontiers news magazine is online, and we appreciate your interest. This issue we are celebrating the Iditarod National Historic 16 Fireside Chats Trail and it’s 40th birthday, along with 50th Anniversary of the National Trails System (see http://www.trails50.org #FindYourWay). While the Trail Etiquette 2008-2012 Iditarod Trail Centennial commemorated the Gold Rush and 17 history of the trail, the Iditarod remains the only National Historic Trail in Discover White Alaska and the first designated National Historic Trail. We are including 18 stories from around the state and updates on land use planning and much Mountains more. We hope you enjoy this Winter 2017-2018 issue. 19 Winning Big Karen J. Laubenstein 20 Vengeful Bears Editor Frontiers Flashes 22 CREDITS BLM Alaska frontiers may contain copyrighted material that is used with permission of the Managing editor copyright owner. Publication in a government Karen J. Laubenstein, (907) 271-3318 document does not authorize any use or [email protected] appropriation of this copyrighted material without consent of the owner, as it is not in the public Contributing writers domain. Any text or photo without attributed Maureen Clark, Lisa Gleason, copyright may be reproduced in whole or in part Jim Hart, Molly Larmie, Nancy Patterson as it is in the public domain.
    [Show full text]
  • 2010 Annual Report of Accomplishment
    2010 University of Alaska Combined Research and Extension Annual Report of Accomplishments and Results Status: Submitted Date Submitted: 04/30/2011 I. Report Overview 1. Executive Summary Alaska is recognized for its immense size and sparse population and its cultural, geographic and environmental diversity. The state represents a major region of renewable and non-renewable natural resources in the United States. Its 365 million acres include the nation's largest oil reserves and coal deposits. The state also contains an array of mineral deposits, including gold, zinc, boron, and molybdenum. Alaska has a diverse geography that offers soils for production of food, fiber, and biomass fuels as well as a multitude of recreational and tourism activities. Waters surrounding Alaska's shoreline and riparian habitats contain large stocks of salmon, cod, pollock, halibut, and shellfish that support thriving commercial, sport and subsistence fisheries. Alaska's natural resources have historically been the foundation of the state's economy though resource industries have been predominantly extractive in nature. Thus, the use and management of these resources is a predominant force in the planning and delivery of any teaching, research, extension, and engagement programs. The finite nature of the state's non-renewable resources and local and national controversies surrounding resource extraction and related environmental concerns affect the activities of the School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences and the Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (SNRAS/AFES) and the Cooperative Extension Service (CES). The University of Alaska Fairbanks in general and SNRAS/AFES and CES in particular, meet the challenges of increasing demands for research, education and outreach relevant to sustainable management of Alaska's resources and bringing communities' ideas to the university for further development of the state's resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Fy 2021 Grant Project Summaries
    National Park Service Japanese American Confinement Sites Grant Program ___________________________________________________________________________________ FY 2021 GRANT AWARDS Please note: projects are listed by the states of the grant recipients. ALASKA Recipient: Japanese American Citizens League, Alaska Chapter (Anchorage, AK) Project Title: World War II Confinement and the Last Frontier Grant Award: $30,000 Site(s): Multiple Sites Description: Japanese immigrants left indelible marks on Alaska, including contributions by Jujiro Wada to dog mushing, Sotoro “Harry” and Tomo Kawabe to education, and Shonosuke Tanaka to community life and mutual aid. Following Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor, the government imprisoned these same local leaders at Fort Richardson and sent their family members to confinement at Puyallup and eventually Minidoka. These diverse experiences will be highlighted through oral history interviews and primary source materials, curriculum, and interpretation at the Fort Richardson Internment Camp site. CALIFORNIA Recipient: Angel Island Immigration Station Foundation (San Francisco, CA) Project Title: Angel Island Connections: Developing Digital and Traveling Exhibits about the Japanese American Detention at Angel Island During World War II Grant Award: $85,500 Site(s): Angel Island Immigration Station, Marin County, CA Description: The Angel Island Immigration Station Foundation, in partnership with Angel Island State Park and CyArk, will create exhibits to interpret and educate the public about the history of Japanese American incarceration during World War II at Angel Island and its connections to other confinement sites. The first 3D virtual exhibit will combine the emotional impact of 3D experiences with oral histories collected through digital storytelling workshops. This virtual exhibit will inform the development of a traveling exhibit, which will be shared at various sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Flat and Iditarod 1993-1995 Oral History Interviews
    U.S. Department of the Interior BLM-Alaska Open File Report 66 Bureau of Land Management BLM/AK/ST-97/022+8111+40 April 1997 State of Alaska Department of Natural Resources FLAT AND IDITAROD 1993-1995 ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEWS edited by Rolfe G. Buzzell Editor Rolfe G. Buzzell is a historian with the State of Alaska’s Office of History and Archaeology in Anchorage, Alaska. The oral histories were made possible through a cooperative agreement between the Bureau of Land Management and the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources. This report also listed as Office of History and Archaeology Report Number 52. Cover Photo City of Flat, Alaska, 1912. Office of History and Archaeology Photo Collection. Open File Reports Open File Reports identify the results of inventories or other investigations that are made available to the public outside the formal BLM-Alaska technical publication series. These reports can include preliminary or incomplete data and are not published and distributed in quantity. The reports are available at BLM offices in Alaska, the USDI Resources Library in Anchorage, various libraries of the University of Alaska, and other selected locations. Copies are also available for inspection at the USDI Natural Resources Library in Washington, D.C. and BLM Service Center Library in Denver. FLAT AND IDITAROD 1993-1995 ORAL HISTORY INTERVIEWS edited by Rolfe G. Buzzell U. S. Department of the Interior State of Alaska Bureau of Land Management Department of Natural Resources Anchorage, Alaska Anchorage, Alaska 99503-5921 INTRODUCTION During July and August 1993, staff from the Office of History and Archaeology of the Alaska Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation spent four weeks conducting a historic buildings survey in Flat, Iditarod and nearby mining camps (Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese and Japanese in the Seattle Star February 27, 1899 To
    Chinese and Japanese in the Seattle Star February 27, 1899 to December 31, 1909 Notice Copyright 2011 All Rights Reserved This document may not be copied in part or in whole without written permission from John R Litz of Seattle The Seattle Star DEDICATION This compilation is dedicated to the pioneer Chinese and Japanese who helped to develop the western United States in the 19th and early 20th centuries 2 The Seattle Star 1899 3/3 P.3 A Chinaman Fighter (La Hung Foy, Philadelphia) 3/4 P.4 Steamers Arrive Dirigo and Al-Ki Come Down From the North (Sing Lee) “ P.4 Seattle Goes North (Nao Aoki) 3/7 P.2 At The University Opening of Spring Term Yesterday (Akiyoshi Kuraisurji) 3/20 P.3 A Clever Chinaman (not named, New York) 3/21 P.1 Repairs to the Belt Line Large Force of Chinamen at Work 3/22 P.2 Death Reared Its Horrid Head (Charley Shindo) P.3 Robbed a Chinese Store (Baker City, Ore.) 3/23 P.2 Japanese Justice Chinese Passengers Have a Hard-Luck Story (Chinese passengers on a Japanese ship) “ P.2 He Was Half Dead So the Chinamen Claimed Part of His Insurance (New York Tribune) 3/29 P.1 A Prize in Dispute Chinese Lottery Men in Trouble Ticket Juggling is Charged (Chin Quong, Louis Kay) “ P.3 Lun Hing of Hongkong Weds (Milwaukee) 4/4 P.2 Caught After Five Years Chinese Accused of Murder Caught at Stockton (Lee Sing, Stockton) 4/5 P.1 Jap Laborers Arrive (21 men for railroads in Oregon) 4/6 P.1 Seattle Inklings (H.
    [Show full text]
  • The Life of Jujiro Wada
    The Life of Jujiro Wada This article is a summary of the book “The Samurai Dog-Musher Under the Northern Lights” (1995), written by Yuji Tani. * * * * * * * * Born on January 6, 1875 (Meiji 8) on the outskirts of Matsuyama, Jujiro Wada was raised in a small town on Shikoku Island in western Japan. His father died when he was four years old, leaving only his mother to care for him. Since he and his mother were poor, he started working in a paper factory at the early age of 13. During this time, he was already talking about going to America, but it wasn’t until he worked for a trading company in Kobe that his co-worker managed to stow him away in a large tea box on a freighter headed for San Francisco. It was 1892 and he was seventeen years of age. Soon after arriving in America, he was hired as a cabin boy aboard the Balaena, a support ship for the North Sea whaling expedition. During his three years on the Balaena, Wada learned English from the ship’s captain, Captain Norwood. He also studied navigation in the ship’s library. While the whaling ships hunted whales in the harbour of Herschel Island, Wada befriended the local Inuit and learned both their language and various Arctic skills, such as hunting, snowshoeing, and dogsledding. Wada, a devoted son, returned to Japan in 1896 for three months to visit his mother, bringing home the money he had earned in the Arctic. Unfortunately, this was the only trip back to Japan that he ever made, although he regularly sent letters and money to his mother throughout his life.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol38 No1 Spring 2010
    Volume 38, No. 1 Quarterly of the Alaska Historical Society Sping 2010 Alaska Historical Society 2010 Conference Call for Papers Energizing Alaska ndividuals interested in Alaska history are invited to submit Alaska Historical Society 2010 Conference proposals for papers, panels, and poster sessions for the Student and Emerging Professional Travel Awards Alaska Historical Society annual meeting and conference. I The society’s 2010 annual meeting, held in association with The Alaska Historical Society offers two travel awards for a post- Museums Alaska and the Tanana-Yukon Historical Society, will be secondary student and an emerging professional to attend its annual September 15-18 at Fairbanks. The theme isEnergizing Alaska. meeting. This year the meeting will be in Fairbanks, September 15-18, 2010. Each award will consist of reimbursement for documented As a frontier state that is rich in natural resources and experiences some travel expenses up to $750 and a conference registration package. of the most extreme environmental and climatic conditions in the world, Eligibility: An applicant must be a 2010 member of the Alaska Alaska has always had a unique relationship with energy. Some connections Historical Society at the time of applying. Student applicants must are obvious: Prudhoe Bay, the pipeline, the proposed Rampart Dam, be graduate students or upper-division undergraduates in spring or the Amchitka underground nuclear blasts, and the development of fall 2010 with a course of study related to Alaska history. Emerging infrastructure to bring heat and power to communities off the road professional applicants must be employed in Alaska historical or network. Several key elements in the long history of Alaska’s indigenous cultural work and have been so employed for less than five years.
    [Show full text]
  • CITIZ EN Make a Significant Impact in the 2008 Elections
    ~PACIFIC Voting Power Asian Pacific Americans ~ ~CITIZ EN make a significant impact in the 2008 elections. JACL challenges U.S. detentions. - p.\(;E 3 Equality. Lost: Same-sex Marriage is ~ Civil ·Rights Issue of the 21 st Century The elections are over, but workers return to their nonnallives, Tun for many couples the battle and Larry need to fight on towards an JACL to Continue to Press has just begun. uncertain future. To illustrate their cause, Aaron's color­ for Marriage Equality By LYNDA LIN ful crayon artwork urging people to vote Following passage of Proposition 8 in Assistant Editor "no" on Proposition 8 still hangs in the California, the JACL has joined with other civil front window of their home. rights groups to subrnit an amicus brief in sup­ It's been a painful few weeks for For them and many other same-sex port of the Petition for Writ Mandate in the case Tim Ky and his husband Larry couples, Nov. 4 marked both a major of Strauss, et al v. Horton, et al. Riesenbach. After California voters milestone in the fight for equality with the The Writ requests that the Calif. Supreme reinstated the ban on same-sex mar­ election of the nation's first African Court issue an order invalidating Proposition 8 in riages, their six-year-old son Aaron American president and a major setback its entirety. asked, "Will you pretend you're not with the passage of Proposition 8 in As an amici, JACL supports the petitioners' gay?" California and similar constitutional bans claim that no Californian should be denied equal "No," Tun responded.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 University of Alaska Combined Research and Extension Annual Report of Accomplishments and Results
    2018 University of Alaska Combined Research and Extension Annual Report of Accomplishments and Results Status: Accepted Date Accepted: 08/15/2019 I. Report Overview 1. Executive Summary Alaska is recognized for its immense size, dispersed population, and its cultural, geographic and environmental diversity. The state represents a major region of renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in the United States. Its 365 million acres include the nation's largest oil reserves, coal deposits and two largest national forests. The state also contains an array of mineral deposits, including gold, zinc, boron, molybdenum and rare earth minerals. Alaska has a diverse geography that offers soils for production of food, fiber and biomass fuels as well as a multitude of recreational and tourism activities. Waters surrounding Alaska's shoreline and riparian habitats contain large stocks of salmon, cod, pollock, halibut, herring, crab and shrimp that support thriving commercial, sport and subsistence fisheries. Alaska's natural resources have historically been the foundation of the state's economy, though resource industries have been mostly extractive in nature. During the past half century, Alaska's economy has become dependent upon revenues related to petroleum development. To diversify its economy, the state is moving toward non-petroleum natural resources for economic opportunities that are cost-effective and sustainable. The use and management of these resources is a predominant force in the planning and delivery of teaching, research, Extension and engagement programs. Our combined unit has been known as the School of Natural Resources and Extension (SNRE) since July 1, 2014, after the formal merger of the School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences (SNRAS) and the Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (AFES) with the Cooperative Extension Service (CES).
    [Show full text]