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Scoliini (Hym.: Scoliidae)

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١٤١٣ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ: ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻲ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﻪ (Scoliini (Hym.: Scoliidae ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺟﻠﺪ ٣٦، ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ٦، ﺳﺎﻝ ١٣٨٤ (١٤١٩-١٤١٣) ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻲ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﻪ (Scoliini (Hym.: Scoliidae ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﺮﺩ١، ﻣﻌﺼﻮﻣﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻃﺎﻗﻲ ﺁﺑﻴﻨﻪ٢ ، ﺍﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻤﻲ٣ ﻭ ﺍﺣﻤﺪ ﻋﺎﺷﻮﺭﻱ٤ 1، 2، 4 ، داﻧﺸﯿﺎر، داﻧﺸﺠﻮی ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ارﺷﺪ و اﺳﺘﺎدﯾﺎر ﭘﺮدﯾﺲ ﮐﺸﺎورزی و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان 3 ،اﺳﺘﺎدﯾﺎر ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت آﻓﺎت و ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﯾﻬﺎی ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ 83/7/8 ﺧﻼﺻﻪ زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎی ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Scoliidae ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﺎرازﯾﺘﻮﺋﯿﺪﻫﺎی ﻻروﻫﺎی ﺳﺨﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﭙﻮﺷﺎن ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﺳﻮﺳﮏ ﻫﺎی ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Scarabaeidae و ﺑﻌﻀﯽ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Curculionidae ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ رده ﺑﻨﺪی ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Scoliidae اﻗﺪام ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوری اﯾﻦ ﺣﺸﺮات ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎی 1378-1380 ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎی ﮐﻠﮑﺴﯿﻮن ﺑﺨﺶ ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﮐﺸﺎورزی داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزی داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان و ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت رده ﺑﻨﺪی ﺣﺸﺮات ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ آﻓﺎت و ﺑﯿﻤﺎری ﻫﺎی ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺒﻼً ﺟﻤﻊ آوری ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎی ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﭙﯽ و ﻣﺎﮐﺮوﺳﮑﭙﯽ از ﺑﺎل، ﻗﻔﺲ ﺳﯿﻨﻪ، ﺷﮑﻢ و آﻟﺖ زاد آوری ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻧﺮ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮐﻠﯿﺪﻫﺎی ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮدﻧﯿﺎ و ﺗ ﺄﯾﯿﺪ ﻧﺎم ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ و زﯾﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﯿﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎً 7 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ و زﯾﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﺟﻨﺲ Scolia F. 1775 ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح زﯾﺮ ﺑﺮای اوﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﺎر از اﯾﺮان ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ: Scolia (Scolia) fallax Eversmann, 1849 Scolia (Scolia) galbula (Pallas, 1771) Scolia (Scolia) sexmaculata orientalis (Steinberg, 1962) Scolia (Scolia) luciformis Scopoli, 1786 Scolia (Scolia) flaviceps flaviceps, Eversmann, 1846 Scolia (Scolia) flaviceps mangichlakensis (Radoskovsk, 1879) Scolia (Scolia) tukestanica Betrem, 1935 ﻭﺍﮊﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ: ﺟﻨﺲ Scolia، آﻟﺖ زادآوری، Megascolia، ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻟﻮژی، زﻧﺒﻮرﻫﺎی ﭘﺎرازﯾﺘﻮﺋﯿﺪ. ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ Scoliidae ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺁﻓﺎﺗﻲ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ(١). ﻛﺮﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ، ﺳﻮﺳﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﺭ، ﺳﺮﺧﺮﻃﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎﹰ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﺮﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺳﻚ ﻛﺮﮔﺪﻧﻲ ﺧﺮﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ . ﻣﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺁﺭﻭﺍﺭﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻠ ﻮﻳﻲ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺭﺍ ﺣﻔﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘ ﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ، ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻱ، ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻻﺭﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻴﺶ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻓﻠﺞ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻳﻚ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺗﺨﻢ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ(٩).ﻓﺎﺑﺮﻳﺴﻴﻮﺱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ١٧٧٥ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﺯﻳﺘﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻻﺭﻭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ Scolia ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ (ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺘﺮﻳﻢ ١٩٦٢). ﺳﺨﺖﺑﺎﻟﭙﻮﺷﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻓﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ، ﺳﺎﻳﻮﺳﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺟﻨﺲ Scolia F.1775 ، ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ. ﺩﺭ Lacosi ﻭ Campsomeris Betrere 1941 ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ: ﭘﺮﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﺮﺩ E-mail: [email protected] ١٤١٤ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ، ﺟﻠﺪ ٣٦، ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ٦، ﺳﺎﻝ ١٣٨٤ ﺳﺎﻝ ١٩٨٣ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ Triscolia Saussure ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ، ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﻣﮕﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ 1864 ﻭ Discolia Saussure 1863 ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ (ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻱ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ. ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺑﺮﺍﺩﻟﻲ،١٩٧٤). ﺍﺳﻜﺮﻭﺗﻴﻜﻲ ٢٠ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺭﮊﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﻭﻧﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺯﺍﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺭﺩﻩ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﮔﻮﺋﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ١٩١٠ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﺮﺩ.(ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﺩﻟﻲ، ١٩٧٤). ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﭼﺎﺭﻣﻮﻱ(١٩٢٢) ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻔﺮ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺗﻼﺵ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻦ (a ١٩٩٩) ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻨﺲ Scolia ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ Scoliidae ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺩﺍﮔﺎﺳﻜﺎﺭ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﻳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ Order : Hymeneptera suborder: Apocrita Group: Acupeata superfamily: Vespoidea ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﻴﺰ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ. Family: Scoliida subfamily: Scoliinae ﺑﺘﺮﻳﻢ (١٩٦٣) ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ Scoliidae ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ Trib: Campsomerini scoliini Genus: Scolia ﺍﻳﻨﺪﻭ- ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﻧﻮﮔﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺭﺳﺘﮕﺎﺭ (١٣٥٣) ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻮﻫﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻱ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﻮﺩ . ﻭﻱ ٢٥ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ Aculeata ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ Scoliidae ٤ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻭ ٦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻳﺴﻠﻨﺪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻓﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ . ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻠﻲ (١٣٧٥) ﺩﺭ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺁﻓﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍ ﺣ ﺘ ﻤ ﺎ ﻻﹰ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﺟﻨﺲ Elis ،Scolia ﻭ Tipha ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﺯﻳﺖ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻛﺮﻭﻣﺒﺎﻳﻦ(١٩٧٨) ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻴﻮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻛﺮﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ، ﺳﻮﺳﻚ ﻛﺮﮔﺪﻧﻲ ﺧﺮﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺧﺮﻃﻮﻣﻲ ﺳﻴﻠﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺣﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺯﺍﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ . ﭘﻮﺭﺗﺮ(١٩٨١) ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ Scoliidae ﺩﺭﻩ ﺭﻳﻮﮔﺮﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺗﻜﺰﺍﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ Scoliidae ﻭ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﻪ Scoliini ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ٧ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ . ﭘﺎﻳﻚ(١٩٧٨) ﺩﺭ ﺯﻫﺮ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣ ﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﺗﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ Scoliidae ﻭ Vespidae ﻳﻚ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﭘﻠﻲ ﭘﭙﺘﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﮋﻳﻚ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. ﺑﺮﺍﺩﺭﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻓﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻛﺮﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ. ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﭘﻨﺘﺮ (١٩٩٣) ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ Scoliidae ﻭ Vespidae ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻓﺮﻡ ﺗﮕﻮﻻ ﻭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪ. ﻳﻮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻛﻮﺭﺑﺖ (١٩٨٣) ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺯﻧﺒ ﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ Scoliinae ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺻﺤﺮﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ . ﺩﺭ ﻛﺮﻩ، ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ. ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺮﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻩ ﭼﺎﻧﮓ ﻣﻴﻨﮓ (١٩٩٩) ٢٦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﺯﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻫ ﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻭﺝ ﭘﺮﻭﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺖ ﺷﺎﻧﺪﺍﻧﮓ ﭼﻴﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭﺁﻓﺘﺎﺑﻲ ﺭﻭﺯ (ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ١١ ﺻﺒﺢ ﺗﺎ ٣ ﺑﻌﺪﺍﺯﻇﻬﺮ ) ﺑﻮﺩ. ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ . ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﺎﻣﮕﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻏ ﺎ ﻟ ﺒ ﺎﹰ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩﺭﻭ ﺑﺎ ﮔﻞ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﮓ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ Scoliidae ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺭﺩ. ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ ﺁﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎﻛﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﻨﻲ (ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮﻱ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻥ ) ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻧﺎﻣﮕﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺭ ﺣﺸﺮﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ، ﻣﺤﻞ ﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺩﺳﻴﻜﺎﺗﻮﺭ Scoliidae ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑ ﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺎﻟﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻜﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﻟﻜﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ١٤١٥ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ: ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻲ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﻪ (Scoliini (Hym.: Scoliidae ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ Scoliinae ﻭ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﻪ Scoliini ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪ . ﻧﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻜﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺣﺸﺮﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ، ٧ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻫﺎﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﺮﺯﺍﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺁﻓﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻜﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺸﺮﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎ، ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﺟﺎﻧﻮﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺯﻩ c ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻦ ( ١٩٩٩) ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺷﺎ ﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ : ﻃﺮﺯ ﺭﮒ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻫﺎﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﺮﺯﺍﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﻫﺎﻱ Submarginal ، Marginal ﻭ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ Submedian ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻝ ﺟﻠﻮ، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﻮﺩﻳﻮﻡ، ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻓﻴﻠﻮﮊﻧﻲ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻓﻘﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﺮ، ﺧﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻠﻮ ﻭ ﻋﻘﺐ، ﻗﺒﻴﻠﻪ Scoliini ﺭﻧﮓﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻭ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻱ ﻟﻜﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻧﮕﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺪﻥ، ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ Scoliidae ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ. ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺟﺜﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻤﻲ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺯﺍﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺮ ﭘﺮﭘﺎﺭﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ، ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻨﺪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﻧﺮﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﻚ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ١٣ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻭﻟﻲ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺷﻜﻢ ﺣﺸﺮﻩ ﻧﺮ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻄﺎﺱ ١٠ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﻤﺪﺕ ٢٠ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﺎﺧﻚ ١٢ﺑﻨﺪﻱ، ﻛﻮ ﺗﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺧﻤﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﻪ ٣٠ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺟﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻮﺯﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻜﺎﻟﭙﻞ ﺁﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭘﺎﻟﻪ ﺁﺭﻛﺘﻴﻚ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ٢ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺍﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺑﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ Volsellea ﻭ Penis valve ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ Megascolia ﻭ Scolia ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺻﺪﻣﻪ ﻧﺒﻴﻨﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺟﻨﺲ Megascolia ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺑﻨﺎﻡ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ . ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ٢٥، ٥٠، ٧٥ ﻭ ٩٦ Regiscolia Betrem & Bradly, 1964 ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻭ ﺁﺑﮕﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺰﻳﻠﻮﻝ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺯﻧﺒﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻝ ﻏﺸﺎﺋﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ . ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎﹰ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻻﻡ ﻳﻚ ﻗﻄﺮﻩ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﺍﻡ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻃﻮﻟﺸﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ٨ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄ ﻌﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ، ﻻﻣﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ (٩). ﻣﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻧﻴﺶ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻱ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ . ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻻﻡ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﻭﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻛ ﺎ ﻣ ﻼﹰ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (Megascolia maculata maculata (Drury, 1773 ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻻﻣﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻻﻙ Syn =Sphex maculata Drury, 1773 ﺑﻴﺮﻧﮓ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪ .
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  • Golfetti If Me Sjrp Int.Pdf (3.090Mb)

    Golfetti If Me Sjrp Int.Pdf (3.090Mb)

    Câmpus de São José do Rio Preto Ivan Fernandes Golfetti Análise Filogenética de Scolia Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Scoliidae, Scoliinae) São José do Rio Preto 2019 Ivan Fernandes Golfetti Análise Filogenética de Scolia Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Scoliidae, Scoliinae) Dissertação apresentada como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Biologia Animal, junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, do Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Câmpus de São José do Rio Preto. Financiadora: CAPES Orientador: Prof. Dr. Fernando Barbosa Noll Coorientador: Eduardo Fernando dos Santos São José do Rio Preto 2019 Golfetti, Ivan Fernandes G625a Análise filogenética de Scolia Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Scoliidae, Scoliinae) / Ivan Fernandes Golfetti. -- São José do Rio Preto, 2019 69 f. : il., tabs., fotos Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, São José do Rio Preto Orientador: Fernando Barbosa Noll Coorientador: Eduardo Fernando dos Santos 1. Filogenia. 2. Biologia Classificação. 3. Hymenoptera. I. Título. Sistema de geração automática de fichas catalográficas da Unesp. Biblioteca do Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, São José do Rio Preto. Dados fornecidos pelo autor(a). Essa ficha não pode ser modificada. Ivan Fernandes Golfetti Análise Filogenética de Scolia Fabricius (Hymenoptera, Scoliidae, Scoliinae) Dissertação apresentada como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Biologia Animal, junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, do Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Câmpus de São José do Rio Preto. Financiadora: CAPES Comissão Examinadora Prof.
  • Hymenoptera - Apocrita (Excl

    Hymenoptera - Apocrita (Excl

    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Fauna Europaea: Hymenoptera - Apocrita (excl. Ichneumonoidea) Mitroiu, M.-D.; Noyes, J.; Cetkovic, A.; Nonveiller, G.; Radchenko, A.; Polaszek, A.; Ronquist, F.; Forshage, M.; Pagliano, G.; Gusenleitner, J.; Boni Bartalucci, M.; Olmi, M.; Fusu, L.; Madl, M.; Johnson, N.F.; Jansta, P.; Wahis, R.; Soon, V.; Rosa, P.; Osten, T.; Barbier, Y.; de Jong, Y. DOI 10.3897/BDJ.3.e4186 Publication date 2015 Document Version Final published version Published in Biodiversity Data Journal License CC BY Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Mitroiu, M-D., Noyes, J., Cetkovic, A., Nonveiller, G., Radchenko, A., Polaszek, A., Ronquist, F., Forshage, M., Pagliano, G., Gusenleitner, J., Boni Bartalucci, M., Olmi, M., Fusu, L., Madl, M., Johnson, N. F., Jansta, P., Wahis, R., Soon, V., Rosa, P., ... de Jong, Y. (2015). Fauna Europaea: Hymenoptera - Apocrita (excl. Ichneumonoidea). Biodiversity Data Journal, 3, [e4186]. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4186 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  • Ergänzungen Zu Den Dolchwespen Südtirols (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae)

    Ergänzungen Zu Den Dolchwespen Südtirols (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae)

    Gredleriana Vol. 7 / 2007 pp. 409 - 411 Ergänzungen zu den Dolchwespen Südtirols (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae) Wolfgang Schedl Abstract Additions to the dagger wasps of South Tyrol (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae) The present remarks deal with older or newer additions to the paper of 2006 about the dagger wasps of South Tyrol (Italy). Megascolia m. maculata, M. m. flavifrons, Scolia hirta and Scolia s. sexmaculata are dicussed. Remarkable is the record of Sc. hirta from 1680 m above sea level, at the Seiser Alm (South Tyrolean Dolomites) from 1968. In der faunistisch-ökologischen Zusammenschau über die Dolchwespen Südtirols des Verfassers aus dem Jahr 2006 fehlt der Hinweis auf die Arbeit von AICHINGER (1870), in der sehr alte Nachweise von zwei Arten genannt sind. Die in Klammern abgedruckten Abkürzungen beziehen sich auf damalige Sammler. Während aus den Reihen der Südtiroler Entomologen keine Reaktionen über alte oder rezente Fundnachweise an den Autor gerichtet wurden, bekam er ältere Daten von drei Korrespondenten des Ver- fassers, die hier eingebaut werden können. Es sind dies Dr. Manfred Kraus (Nürnberg), der die anerkannte Hymenopteren-Sammlung von Dr. Eduard Enslin (Fürth in Bayern, 1879 -1970) verwaltet, Prof. Dr. Alois Kofler (Lienz), Studiendirektor i. R. Heinrich Wolf (Plettenberg, BRD), dessen Sammlung aculeater Hymenopteren sich seit kurzem im Oberösterreichischen Landesmuseum in Linz (OÖLML) befindet, und von Herrn Rolf Parzer (Innsbruck). Tribus Scoliini Megascolia maculata maculata (DRURY , 1773): Material: 1 Ex. Moritzing. leg. Ratter; 1 Ex. Bozen, Reutsch, leg. Ratter, in coll. A. Kofler (in litt. 11.03.2007). Herr Josef Ratter war ein Innsbrucker Koleopterologe zur Zeit von Alois Wörndle (1874 -1965). Megascolia maculata flavifrons (FABRICIU S , 1775): Material: 2♂♂ 1♀ Südtirol, leg.
  • Scoliid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) of Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary, West Bengal, India

    Scoliid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) of Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary, West Bengal, India

    _____________Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 5, No. 2, June 2010__________ 661 SCOLIID WASPS (HYMENOPTERA: VESPOIDEA) OF JALDAPARA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, WEST BENGAL, INDIA Samrat Bhattacharjee*, Sumana Saha** and Dinendra Raychaudhuri*** * Department of Zoology, Scottish Church College, 1 & 3 Urquhart Square, Kolkata- 700 006, West Bengal, INDIA. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] ** Department of Zoology, Lady Brabourne College, Govt. of West Bengal, P-1/2, Suhrawardy Avenue, Kolkata - 700 017, West Bengal, INDIA. E-mail: [email protected] *** Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata- 700 019, West Bengal, INDIA. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] [Bhattacharjee, S., Saha, S. & Raychaudhuri, D. 2010. Scoliid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea) of Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary, West Bengal, India. Munis Entomology & Zoology, 5 (2): 661-669] ABSTRACT: Five scoliid wasp species are reported for the first time from Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary, West Bengal, India. Necessary diagnosis of the recorded taxa is furnished. Keys to their tribes, genera and species are also provided. KEY WORDS: Scoliidae, Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary, Scoliinae, Campsomeriella, Phalerimeris, Megascolia, Scolia. Family Scoliidae, one of the rare groups of wasps is known by 300 extant species only (Resh & Carde, 2004). This represents 1.21 % of the global vespoid fauna. Even though Indian scoliids has a history of 235 years, very few have worked on the group. It was Fabricius (1775) who first dealt with the Indian scoliids and Bingham (1897) was the first to provide a consolidated account of Scoliidae of the Indian subcontinent. This was followed by Betrem’s (1928) monograph on Indo-Australian Scoliidae.
  • (Hymenoptera, Scoliidae). - Proc

    (Hymenoptera, Scoliidae). - Proc

    © Entomofauna Ansfelden/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Entomofauna ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR ENTOMOLOGIE Band 22, Heft 23: 433-444 ISSN 0250-4413 Ansfelden, 31. Dezember 2001 Beitrag zur Scoliiden-Fauna der Insel Phuket (Thailand) (Hymenoptera, Scoliidae) Till OSTEN Abstract 10 Scoliid species are described from the Isle of Phuket. Campsomerini stat. nov.: Colpa (Seriocampsomeris) javana (LEPELETIER, 1845) comb. nov., Colpa (Sehocamp- someris) quadriguttulata (BURMEISTER, 1845) comb. nov., Colpa (Seriocampsomeris) rubromaculata (SMITH, 1855) comb. nov., Colpa (Colpacampsomeris) indica (SAUS- SURE, 1855) comb. nov., Campsomeriella (Campsomeriella) collaris quadrifasciata (FABRICIUS, 1798), Campsomeris (Phalerimeris) phalerata (SAUSSURE, 1858); Scoliini stat. nov.: Liacos erythrosoma (BURMEISTER, 1854), Megascolia (Megascolia) procer (ILLIGER, 1802), Scolia (Discolia) erraüca (SMITH, 1855), Scolia (Discolia) phuketensis spec. nov. In addition to that the problems of taxonomy and cladistics in scoliids are discussed. The biology of these wasps on the Isle of Phuket is described in a few words. Zusammenfassung Von der Insel Phuket werden 10 Scoliiden-Arten beschrieben. Campsomerini stat. nov.: Colpa (Seriocampsomeris) javana (LEPELETIER, 1845) comb. nov., Colpa (Serio- campsomeris) quadriguttulata (BURMEISTER, 1845) comb. nov., Colpa (Seriocamp- someris) rubromaculata (SMITH, 1855) comb. nov., Colpa (Colpacampsomeris) indica (SAUSSURE, 1855) comb. nov., Campsomeriella (Campsomeriella) collaris quadri- fasciata (FABRICIUS, 1798), Campsomeris
  • The Life, Publications and New Taxa of Qabir Argaman

    The Life, Publications and New Taxa of Qabir Argaman

    UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title The life, publications and new taxa of Qabir Argaman (Carol Nagy) Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/07h5x3d7 Authors Kimsey, LS Brothers, DJ Publication Date 2016 DOI 10.3897/JHR.50.7973 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California JHR 50: 141–178 (2016)The life, publications and new taxa of Qabir Argaman( Carol Nagy) 141 doi: 10.3897/JHR.50.7973 REVIEW ARTICLE http://jhr.pensoft.net The life, publications and new taxa of Qabir Argaman (Carol Nagy) Lynn S. Kimsey1, Denis J. Brothers2 1 Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA 2 School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Pietermaritzburg), Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 South Africa Corresponding author: Lynn S. Kimsey ([email protected]) Academic editor: Michael Ohl | Received 30 January 2016 | Accepted 8 May 2016 | Published 27 June 2016 http://zoobank.org/FD22EC27-0365-467E-B699-34D6CD0F9B8B Citation: Kimsey LS, Brothers DJ (2016) The life, publications and new taxa of Qabir Argaman (Carol Nagy). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 50: 141–178. doi: 10.3897/JHR.50.7973 Abstract This biography of the Hungarian/Romanian/Israeli hymenopterist Qabir Argaman (= Carol Nagy) pro- vides a list of his publications (except for newspaper articles) and the new taxa and new replacement names he proposed. Dr. Argaman began his career in Hungary, publishing under the name Carol Nagy. He later moved to Romania and finally moved to Israel, where he assumed the name Qabir Argaman. In total, he published 84 articles on the order Hymenoptera and described 348 new taxa (2 families, 11 subfamilies, 58 tribes, 153 genera or subgenera, and 125 species or subspecies) in 15 families, as well as 1 new species of Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera).
  • (Hymenoptera) Fauna of Turkey

    (Hymenoptera) Fauna of Turkey

    Türk. entomol. derg., 2004, 28 (4): 247-252 ISSN 1010-6960 Contribution to the knowledge of Scoliidae (Hymenoptera) fauna of Turkey Serdar TEZCAN* Yusuf KARSAVURAN* Esat PEHLİVAN* Sinan ANLAŞ** Summary In this study, it has been determined that totally 10 species belonging to Scoliidae occuring in the collection of LEMT (Lodos Entomological Museum, Turkey). Amongst those Megascolia maculata maculata (Drury, 1773) is the most common subspecies. Key words: Hymenoptera, Scoliidae, fauna, Turkey Anahtar sözcükler: Hymenoptera, Scoliidae, fauna, Türkiye Introduction Scoliidae is a small, cosmopolitan family of aculeate wasps. They are a group of solitary habits which develop externally on the larvae of Scarabeoid beetles. Their large body is hairy, black with yellow, orange or red marking. Faunistic studies on the Scoliid wasps of Turkey have been conducted by Betrem (1935, 1961), Bradley (1950), Tkalcu (1987), Madl (1997) and Osten & Özbek (1999). Scoliids have been collected from the different parts of Turkey, but the data of which have not been published yet. They have been preserved in the collection of LEMT (Lodos Entomological Museum Turkey) of Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Aegean University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey. The aim of this paper is to present the complete records of preserved material to researchers and relevant people. * Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ege, 35100 Izmir, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] ** Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ege, 35100 Izmir, Turkey Alınış (Received): 18.11.2004 247 Material and Methods Material have been collected by sweeping of vegetation from the different parts of Turkey mainly by field studies of the projects (TUBITAK-TOAG/168, 336, 502) during the years of 1962-1986.

  • Budapest 1996

    ANNALES HISTORICO-NATURALES MUSEI NATIONALIS HUNGARICI Volume 88. Budapest. 1996 pp. 171-222. Generic synopsis of Scoliidae (Hymenoptera, Scolioidea) Q. ARGAMAN Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection and Inspection P.O. Box 78, Bet Dagan, 11-50250, Israel ARGAMAN, Q. (1996): Generic synopsis of Scoliidae (Hymenoptera, Scolioidea). - Annls hist.-nat. Mus. neun. hung. 88: 171-222. Abstract - The classification and nomenclature of Scoliidae is reviewed and a comprehensive key to genera is presented. A new subfamily (Colpinae), together with 21 new tribes (Agombardini, As- coliini, Austroscoliini, Bctremiini, Carinoscoliini, Colpacampsomerini, Colpini. Curtaurgini, Da- syscoliini. Dielidini. Discoliini, Dobrobetini, Hangasornini. Heterelini, Lisocini, Megascoliini, Pseudotrielidini, Tetrascitonini, Trisciloini, Triscoliini, Ycasbraini) are described. In order to ac­ commodate natural groups of species, there are 62 new genera proposed (Agombarda, Bagonasuna, Batalanga, Borongorba, Burgamurga, Buzatlana, Citberaysa, Curlaurga, Dobrobeta, Elpáholta, Fiharbuxa, Gondiconda, Hangasorna, Haralambia, Hayderiba, Hitfoidra, Iforborha, Iksalonca, II- kamilka, Jupadora, Katapolda, Kokarevta, Kukkiya, Laskariska, Lobhargita, Molzinarda, Mooki- tena, Murahutka, Naysebwa, Niyaranta, Nokbibula, Noybarilta, Onkoknoa, Ordatirga, Orlovinga, Oscaiosca, Paconzitva, Pardesiya, Pupunluiga, Rahosmula, Ri/iamlika, Rostopasca, Rucarcana, Sisakrosa, Sobolpiha, Stiboranna, Sugorpilfa, Susaynata, Tatusdayca, Titbisayda, Tonsoygala, Torbesula, Turlurayca,
  • Insect Diversity of Sikkim, India

    Insect Diversity of Sikkim, India

    INSECT DIVERSITY OF SIKKIM, INDIA KAILASH CHANDRA ABSTRACT he present chapter gives the current information on entomofauna of Sikkim. This is the first comprehensive account on insect species diversity brought out by the Zoological Survey of India. Since, the complete list of Tinsects so far known from Sikkim could not be given in the present publication, only the list of families of the all the known orders and their species numbers are provided. Altogether, 5892 species belonging to 2382 genera under 261 families and 22 orders of Insect are reported from the state of Sikkim. KEYWORDS: Insect diversity, Sikkim, India Trithemis aurora (Burmeister) male : Family Libellulidae, Order Odonata 181 Spilosoma dalbergiae (Moore): Family Arctiidae, Order Lepidoptera INTRODUCTION ikkim is one of small Himalayan state of northeast India covering the area of 7,096 sq. km and lies at 27° 00' 46'' and 28° 07' 48'' North latitude and 88° 00' 58'' and 88° 55' 25'' East longitude. The topography of the state is quite Svaried and the elevation ranges from 200m to 8598m. The state has one National Park, six wildlife sanctuaries and one Biosphere Reserve. The protected areas are also increasingly coming under pressure for exploitation of natural resources, over tourism development and other developmental activities, thus undermining the very basis of sustainable development and bringing into conflict of conservation and development interests. The insects are known to be the most successful and diverse animals on earth. They have adopted for almost every conceivable type of environment from the equator to the arctic and from sea level to the snowfield of highest mountains, on land, in air and water and almost everywhere.
  • A Quadriocellar Scoliid Wasp (Hymenoptera, Scoliidae) from Mallorca, with a Brief Account of Supernumerary Ocelli in Insects

    A Quadriocellar Scoliid Wasp (Hymenoptera, Scoliidae) from Mallorca, with a Brief Account of Supernumerary Ocelli in Insects

    Zoosyst. Evol. 91 (2) 2015, 191–197 | DOI 10.3897/zse.91.5463 museum für naturkunde A quadriocellar scoliid wasp (Hymenoptera, Scoliidae) from Mallorca, with a brief account of supernumerary ocelli in insects Volker Lohrmann1,2; Michael S. Engel3,4 1 Übersee-Museum Bremen, Bahnhofsplatz 13, D-28195 Bremen, Germany 2 Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany 3 Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024-5192, USA 4 Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, 1501 Crestline Drive – Suite 140, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-4415, USA http://zoobank.org/87ACD2AF-0EEE-4DC9-96FA-06E833644C97 Corresponding author: Volker Lohrmann ([email protected]) Abstract Received 18 June 2015 A remarkable teratological female of Megascolia (Regiscolia) maculata flavifrons (Fa- Accepted 26 August 2015 bricius, 1775) (Scoliidae: Scoliinae: Scoliini) with a supernumerary median ocellus is Published 11 September 2015 described and illustrated. While supernumerary ocelli have been reported before from Diptera, Orthoptera, and Hymenoptera, this is the first record of such a malformation Academic editor: from a scoliid wasp. Four other teratological scoliid wasps have been reported in the liter- Michael Ohl ature but all were gynandromorphs. A brief summary of known records of supernumerary ocelli among insects is provided. Key Words Median ocellus twin ocellus binary anterior ocelli para-median ocelli teratology aberration malformation morphology Introduction are made known and eventually summed up with others, there exists a great potential for patterns to emerge and According to Nichols (1989) teratology is the “study of broader conclusions to be drawn.