Ball State University

“Sustainability and Ground Source Heat Pump Geothermal Conversion”

Geothermal Conference April 10, 2014 [email protected] 765.285.2805 Ball State University Sustainability Initiatives Storm Water Management • Controlling run-off during construction • Permeable concrete • Sediment basins • Green roof • Street sweeping: 350 tons • Vortex/Storm Structures

Ball State University Sustainability Initiatives Landscape • Bio swells • Vegetative creek banks • Forestation: 8,000 trees • Green spaces • Low maintenance grasses Ball State University Sustainability Initiatives Transportation • Hybrid electric vehicles: 41 • Flex-fuel vehicles E85 • Shuttle bus operation • B20 biodiesel fuel • Pedestrian friendly campus • Bike parking stalls • Encourage use of webinars and conference calls • Electric vehicle plug in stations Ball State University Sustainability Initiatives Demand side reduction -T-8, T-5 and LEDS -Natural Lighting -Motion detectors/Occupancy sensors -Heat recovery Units -High efficient motors -Direct digital controls -Variable speed drives -CO2 monitors for outside air intake -Valence Units

Ball State University Sustainability Initiatives Building Construction: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Silver certified: Letterman, Park ,DeHority Hall, Student Wellness, Kinghorn Hall Gold certified: DESN, Studebaker East

Employee/Student Awareness: -BEAT, other student organizations -STARS 2012 “GOLD” -COTE, Faculty/Students/Community -Global Reporting Initiative www.bsu.edu/sustainability

Campus Master Plan Underway: Sustainability Bike Paths Design Standards

Heat and Chilled Water Plant Operations Heat Plant: 4 Coal Fired Boilers 20-25% heat loss 3 Natural Gas Fired Boilers 320,000 Lbs/Hr nameplate 240,000 Lbs/Hr current 700,000,000 Lbs/Year Rejected heat

Chilled Water Plant: 5 Electrical Centrifugal Chillers Chilled Water 9,300 ton capacity Plant Heat (Steam) 25,000,000 Ton Hours/Year Plant Chilled Water Plant Renovation

District Energy Station South Ball State University

(4) Coal Fired Boilers (3) Natural Gas Fired Boilers Installed 1941/1955 Installed in the 1970s

Shut off: March 21, 2014 No longer burning coal! Pollutants/Waste Produced from Burning 36,000 tons of Coal • Carbon Dioxide 85,000 tons (Global Warming) • Sulfur Dioxide 1,400 tons (Acid Rain) • Nitrogen Oxide 240 tons (Smog) • Particulate Matter 200 tons (Breathing) • Carbon Monoxide 80 tons (Headache) • Multiple Hazardous Air Pollutants now regulated by EPA’s Boiler MACT rules: Mercury • 3,600 tons of coal ash

Ball State’s Path to Geothermal Replace Coal-Fired Steam Boilers

*Burn Alternative Fuels: 70/30 Contributing Factors *15% more efficient Condition: Age 65+ years Capacity: Campus growth Output degraded EPA permit limits EPA : Boiler MACT (CFB) Funding State of Indiana: $44.8 M in 2005 (CFB) $33.1M in 2013 USDOE: $5M grant in 2009

Cost escalated to $65-$70M by 2008 Requires least amount of space

Extensive land requirement

Concerns about aquifer Geothermal Process

Borehole Loops Thermal Energy Flow

All horizontal headers at least 5 feet deep Borehole Design •15 feet apart •225 SF per borehole •400/500 feet deep •Double and Single Loop •1-1/4 inch diameter pipe •High Density Polyethylene

3,600 boreholes (1,000 miles of pipe)

Senator Richard Lugar Geothermal Groundbreaking Ceremony, May 9, 2009 Borehole Drilling

Drilling Rigs Drilling Process

One borehole/per day/per rig Allowed mud rotary only Borehole Drilling Borehole Construction

Installation of Pipe Installation of Grout

Both manual and hydraulic Allowed different grout mixes has been used District Energy Station North

(4) Heat Pump Chillers: R134A Refrigerant

Heating: 150 degree F hot water 38,000,000 BTU/Hour

Cooling: 42 degree F chilled water 2,500 tons Chilled Water Hot Water Ball State’s Ground Source Heat Pump Geothermal System Borehole Field (1,000 miles)

Hot Water (10 miles) Chilled Water Typical Hot Water Interface

Domestic water & snow melt systems GSHP Pre-heat Hot Water

Air Handler

Steam Hot Water Return Heat Air Handler Exchanger

Air Handler Phase 1

------Phase 2 Ball State’s Geothermal System Benefits

Reduction in Emissions • Carbon Dioxide 75,000 tons • Sulfur Dioxide 1,400 tons • Nitrogen Oxide 240 tons • Particulate Matter 200 tons • Carbon Monoxide 80 tons • Coal ash 3,600 tons “Ball State will be able to comply with EPA: Boiler MACT requirements” Other Benefits BTUs per year reduction: 500,000,000,000 BTUs/SF/Year: 185,000 reduced to 110,000 Water reduction: 45,000,000 gallons Dollars Saved: $2,000,000 Jobs created: 2,300 “Nearly all equipment and material used is American made”

Ball State University’s Geothermal Project Visits and Inquiries Colleges & Universities • Dartmouth College • University of Michigan • Stanford University • The Evergreen State College • University of Notre Dame • Northwestern University • Ohio State University • University of Illinois • University of Iowa • Ohio University • Northern Kentucky University • Lake Land College • Colorado College • Indiana University-Purdue University • Slippery Rock University Indianapolis • Hampton University • DePauw University • Pratt Institute • University of Washington • Oakland University • Montana State University-Bozeman • Purdue University • Penn State University • Miami University, Ohio • University of Kentucky • Cornell University • Indiana State University • Toledo University • Northampton Community College • Bowling Green State/Bowling Green • Colorado State University • Wright State/Dayton

Ball State University’s Geothermal Project Visits and Inquiries Other Organizations • U.S. Department of Energy • Geo Outlook Magazine • Indiana Department of Natural • Allison Transmission Resources • Waterwell Journal • Indiana Office of Energy Development • International District Energy Association • Biz World • Representatives of Isparta, Turkey • The Christian Science Monitor • National Wildlife Federation • National Public Radio • Union of Concerned Scientists • Argonne National Laboratory • Building Indiana Magazine • National Ground Water Association • WFYI Indiana Expeditions • Hoosier Environmental Council • The Chronicle for Higher Education (2010 Technology Innovator of the Year Award) • Delta Sky Magazine • Waste Management • Second Nature • General Service Administration (2010 Climate Leadership Award) • Korea: Engineering Firm

Educational/Collaboration Opportunities • Classroom: Natural Resources, Geology, Architecture, Construction Management • Research: Geology Department • Special Projects: Graduate Students • Tours: Universities/k-12/Design Firms • Conferences: Geothermal Conference: November 7, 2013 April 10, 2014 www.bsu.edu

WWW.BSU.EDU/WEB/NEWS/GEOTHERMALVIDEO/ “Created by University Communications”