Prostate Cancer
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Prostate Cancer Prostate Cancer EDITED BY Prokar Dasgupta Consultant Urological Surgeon Department of Urology King’s College London Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust London, UK Roger S. Kirby Consultant Urologist The Prostate Centre, London, UK Foreword by Peter T. Scardino A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition first published 2012 © 2012 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered office: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial offices: 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. 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The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ABC of prostate cancer / edited by Prokar Dasgupta, Roger S. Kirby ; foreword by Peter T. Scardino. – 1st ed. p. ; cm. -- (ABC series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-4443-3437-1 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-4443-3437-9 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Prostate – Cancer. I. Dasgupta, Prokar. II. Kirby, R. S. (Roger S.) III. Series: ABC series (Malden, Mass.) [DNLM: 1. Prostatic Neoplasms. WJ 762] RC280.P7A23 2012 616.99463 – dc23 2011015319 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. This book is published in the following electronic formats: ePDF 9781444346909; ePub 9781444346916; Mobi 9781444346923 Set in 9.25/12 Minion by Laserwords Private Limited, Chennai, India 1 2012 Contents Contributors, vii Foreword, ix 1 Applied Anatomy of the Prostate, 1 Prasanna Sooriakumaran, Karl-Dietrich Sievert, Abhishek Srivastava and Ashutosh Tewari 2 Pathology of Prostate Cancer, 5 Murali Varma and Ashish Chandra 3 Biology of Prostate Cancer, 8 R. William G. Watson and John M. Fitzpatrick 4 Prostate Cancer Diagnosis, 11 Robin Weston, Anthony J. Costello and Declan G. Murphy 5 Imaging of Prostate Cancer, 14 James Halls and Uday Patel 6 Screening for Prostate Cancer, 18 Richard J. Bryant and Freddie C. Hamdy 7 Active Surveillance, 22 Judith Dockray, Pardeep Kumar, Lars Holmberg and Gordon Muir 8 Open Radical Prostatectomy, 25 Wim van Haute and Hein van Poppel 9 Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy, 29 Pardeep Kumar and Declan Cahill 10 Robotic Radical Prostatectomy, 33 Ben Challacombe and Jim Peabody 11 Prostate Brachytherapy, 37 Peter Acher and Rick Popert 12 HIFU, 40 Louise Dickinson, Hashim U. Ahmed and Mark Emberton 13 Cryotherapy for Prostate Cancer, 44 Alastair Henderson and John Davies 14 Advances in External Beam Radiotherapy, 48 David Landau, Nadia Walsh and Asad Qureshi 15 Recent Advances in Hormonal Therapy, 51 Heather Payne, Reena Davda and Mark R. Feneley v vi CONTENTS 16 Management of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, 54 Roger S. Kirby, Prokar Dasgupta and John M. Fitzpatrick 17 Immunology of Prostate Cancer, 57 Oussama Elhage, Christine Galustian, Richard Smith and Prokar Dasgupta 18 New Approaches to Prostate Cancer, 63 Megan S. Schober, Roger S. Kirby and Prokar Dasgupta Index, 67 Contributors Peter Acher Mark Emberton Specialist Registrar in Urology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital NHS Professor of Interventional Oncology, University College London and Foundation Trust, London, UK Honorary Consultant Urological Surgeon, University College Hospital London, London, UK Hashim U. Ahmed MRC Fellow in Uro-oncology and Clinical Lecturer in Urology, Division of Mark R. Feneley Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College Hospital London, Consultant Urologist, University College Hospital London, London, UK London, UK John M. Fitzpatrick Richard J. Bryant Professor of Surgery, UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, Mater NIHR Clinical Lecturer in Urology, Nuffield Department of Surgical Misericordiae University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Ireland Declan Cahill Christine Galustian Consultant Urological Surgeon, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital NHS King’s College London, London, UK Foundation Trust, London, UK Ben Challacombe James Halls Consultant Urological Surgeon, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital NHS Specialist Registrar Radiology, Department of Radiology, St George’s Foundation Trust, London, UK Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK Ashish Chandra Freddie C. Hamdy Consultant Pathologist, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Nuffield Professor of Surgery, Professor of Urology and Head, Nuffield Trust, London, UK Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Anthony J. Costello Wim van Haute Professorial Fellow, Department of Urology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Urological Surgeon, Department of Urology, St Rembert Hospital, Torhout; The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia St Jan Hospital, Bruges, Belgium Prokar Dasgupta Alastair Henderson Consultant Urological Surgeon, Department of Urology, King’s College Consultant Urological Surgeon, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, London, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, Maidstone, UK UK Lars Holmberg Reena Davda Professor of Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Studies, Medical Specialist Registrar in Clinical Oncology, University College Hospital School, King’s College London, London, UK London, London, UK Roger S. Kirby John Davies Consultant Urologist, The Prostate Centre, London, UK Consultant Urological Surgeon, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK Pardeep Kumar Louise Dickinson Specialist Registrar in Urology and Intuitive Fellow in Robotics, Guy’s and Clinical Research Fellow in Urology, Division of Surgery and Interventional St Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Sciences, University College Hospital London, London, UK Judith Dockray David Landau King’s College London, London, UK Consultant Clinical Oncologist, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Oussama Elhage Medical Research Council Centre for Transplantation, King’s College Gordon Muir London, London, UK King’s College London, London, UK vii.