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Study of the Form of the Gamelan Glundeng Performance in the Totta’An Dhereh Tradition in Bondowoso

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Study of the Form of the Gamelan Glundeng Performance in the Totta’An Dhereh Tradition in Bondowoso Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 419 2nd International Conference on Arts and Design Education (ICADE 2019) Study of the Form of the Gamelan Glundeng Performance in the Totta’an Dhereh Tradition in Bondowoso Dedy Setyawan*, Tri Karyono, Rita Milyartini, Juju Masunah Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia Bandung, Indonesia *[email protected] Abstract—Glundeng is a traditional art originating from This tradition is the Madura tradition in the horseshoe area. Bondowoso Regency, East Java. The local people call it wood Pigeons are released from their homes (bekupon) or in the Gamelan because at first glance the shape of the instrument is Madurese language pigeons are called pejudhun as many as 10- almost like Javanese Gamelan Ageng. Glundeng staging in the 20 pigeons, then released together with signs of khentongan totta'an dhereh tradition is held by the local community as a form beatings and Glundeng music is played directly to provide of gratitude to God Almighty for the abundance of fortune given enthusiasm and entertainment to the community [3]. to the farmers. The purpose of this research is to find out how the form of the Glundeng Gamelan performance in the totta'an Glundeng is a folk art that functions as community dhereh tradition in Bondowoso. The research paradigm uses a entertainment and has its own characteristics for the people of qualitative, descriptive analysis method. Data collected through Bondowoso where the majority of the population is farming. interviews, observations, and documentation. The results showed Each traditional art contains the characteristics or that Glundeng's performance was a form of folk art performance characteristics of a traditional society that is the farming as a means of entertainment. Glundeng music performances are community [4]. Meanwhile, the traditional understanding of held routinely once a year in November. In presenting Glundeng the development of performance art is the process of creating music there are no special rituals or readings when going to play art in people's lives that connects the human subject itself to Glundeng. The repertoire of songs presented in the Glundeng environmental conditions. The creators of traditional arts are music performance is Madura regional songs such as Tanduk usually influenced by the socio-cultural conditions of the Majeng, pajjar laggu, olle ollang, gei' bintang and other songs. people in a place [5]. Art also plays an important role in social The rhythm (wirama) pattern used in the glundeng gamelan is sedheng and seseg. While the game techniques in gamelan life, meaning that art has social value. Art activities involve the glundeng are balungan melampah, nyaca rangkep, mbalung, community because the results are useful for the whole kinthilan, and timpalan. community. So is the art of music which has the function of different roles, either actively or passively in public life, for Keywords: Glundeng, totta’an dhereh tradition, traditional example: (1) Music in religion, (2) Music in the struggle, (3) art, performing art Music for Entertainment, (4) Music for education, and (5) Music for commerce. Music has a great influence on human life, human behavior, and activities. Because the influence of I. INTRODUCTION this music not only serves as a means of entertainment but also Bondowoso is one of the districts in East Java Province many forms and aspects of the influence that music has on which is located east of Java Island and is included in the human life as a whole [6]. horseshoe area [1]. The majority of the population living in Bondowoso are Madurese and Javanese, resulting in an The totta'an dhereh tradition in Bondowoso, is held once a acculturation of the cultural mix between Madurese and year, precisely in November. The activity was held that month Javanese, called Pandhalungan. From the acculturation of the because it coincided with the commemoration of the culture, Bondowoso has a unique and interesting cultural and Bondowoso Gerbong Maut Tragedy. The totta’an dhereh artistic diversity [2]. tradition is carried out by the local community as a form of gratitude to God Almighty for the abundance of fortune given One type of art variety in Bondowoso is Glundeng, located to farmers in the village of Tamanan which is predominantly a in Tamanan village, Bondowoso. Glundeng is a set of musical tobacco farmer. In addition, the local community made the instruments classified as percussion or percussion instruments totta'an dhereh tradition a place of friendship, gathering and made of wood. At first glance, it almost resembles a set of together, exchanging information about pigeons, and a symbol Javanese Gamelan, because there are areas and rancak (body) of peace [7]. and slendro tone. So the local people call it wooden gamelan. In the current era and the rapid flow of globalization has Glundeng art was originally used for the tradition of pigeon resulted in many changes in the culture of society because of releases, the Madurese called it lebburan or totta'an dhereh. Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 236 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 419 the many cultures that are not in accordance with Indonesian is converted into qualitative data by describing the results of society, it is easy to enter society [8]. So that these changes not quantitative data processing. Furthermore, data analysis from only have an impact on society but art also changes. Because the results of the questionnaire analysis, interview results, basically art can develop and change according to the observation and documentation of researchers using the conditions of the culture itself. The change in question is a analysis of Miles and Huberman data models. The activities in process that results in a different situation from the previous the data analysis of this model are divided into three stages, situation, which can be a setback or progress [9]. In the journey namely (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, and (3) of glundeng music and totta’an dhereh tradition in verification. In the final step, all data must be able to answer Bondowoso, from year to year, it has diminished, both from the the existing problem formulation. The conclusions in this study artists and connoisseurs of art itself. It is caused by a lack of are the findings obtained during the study. public awareness of art in itself, as well as interest in the younger generation will be traditional art. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Here, the role of the local government and the artists should be to take steps to preserve the glundeng music and totta'an A. History of Gamelan Glundeng dhereh traditions to avoid extinction caused by the current of The origin of Glundeng music in the Bondowoso area is modernization that can shift the position of traditional art in based on the description of a local artist (Mr. Wagiman), people's lives, art creators and connoisseurs of art. Because Glundeng music has existed since the 1930s and has been after all, traditional arts have provided an understanding of preserved for generations as a form of preserving Glundeng noble values and morals for community survival [10]. traditional music. The technique of playing music in Glundeng is almost the same as the technique of playing on a set of ageng Considering that the totta'an dhereh tradition is a symbol of gamelan in Java, such as the technique of balungan melampah, peace and harmony between people, the tradition is indeed very ndawahi, ngantung, nyaca lamban, nyaca rangkep, mbalung, appropriate when applied in the survival of today's society. kinthilan, cacalan, and timpalan. The names of musical Where today there are so many conflicts and friction between instruments in glundeng are the same as Gamelan Ageng such communities caused by various causes and effects, such as the as demung, saron, peking, jidor, dug-dug (kenthongan), and circulation of false news (hoax), an increasingly heated flute. Each of these tools has its own function, for example, political conditions, racism and sara issues that are jidor and dug-dug (kenthongan) as rhythmic instruments, while increasingly unstoppable [11]. So from this conflict, it is very demung, saron, and flute as melodic. So that the Glundeng possible that friction occurred which greatly disturbed the glue musical instrument can produce a harmonious musical of kinship, tolerance, and community harmony in Indonesia so composition. that the impact could divide the community for the benefit of certain groups. Glundeng music is categorized as a rhythm / percussion instrument and belongs to idiophone music. Glundeng is made II. METHODS of wood, which consists of seven woods and a wooden body. According to Yadi, a prominent artist from Tamanan Village, This type of research when viewed from the viewpoint of Bondowoso Regency said that the wood used to make its purpose is a type of field research, because this research glundeng musical instruments was old and dry teak and red in uses a descriptive analysis research method with a qualitative color. The selection of teak wood used is not solely because approach, so that the data collection is done by observation and teak is a strong wood, but there are various advantages of using other methods that are descriptive in order to reveal the causes teak wood as a material for glundeng. In addition to being and processes of occurrence events experienced by research strong, teak is more durable, does not shrink easily, and is not subjects. Qualitative descriptive research is research that easy to be moldy, so it can be used at any time and can produce intends to understand phenomena about what is experienced by good sound and resilient (loud).
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