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Consulting Editor Guest Editors COMBINED CRANIOMAXILLOFACIAL AND NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES CONSULTING EDITOR RICHARD H. HAUG, DDS, Carolinas Center for Oral Health, Charlotte, North Carolina GUEST EDITORS RAMON L. RUIZ, DMD, MD, Medical Director, Pediatric Craniomaxillofacial Surgery; Director, Craniofacial Disorders Program; Co-Director, Pediatric Craniomaxillofacial Surgery Fellowship Program, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children; Associate Professor of Surgery, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida JOGI V. PATTISAPU, MD, Emeritus Program Founder, Pediatric Neurosciences; Co-Director, Pediatric Craniomaxillofacial Surgery Fellowship Program, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children; Associate Professor of Medical Education, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida CONTRIBUTORS OSSAMA AL-MEFTY, MD, FACS, Director, Skull-Base Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts BRIAN T. ANDREWS, MD, MA, Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts CONSTANCE M. BARONE, MD, FACS, Clinical Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas R. BRYAN BELL, MD, DDS, FACS, Attending Surgeon, Trauma/Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Legacy Emanuel Medical Center; Medical Director, Head, Neck, and Oral Cancer Program, Providence Cancer Center; Adjunct Associate Professor, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon JEFFERSON CHEN, MD, PhD, Director of Neurotrauma and Attending Neurosurgeon, Trauma Service, Legacy Emanuel Medical Center, Portland, Oregon BERNARD J. COSTELLO, DMD, MD, FACS, Professor and Program Director; Chief, Division of Craniofacial and Cleft Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine; Adjunct Faculty, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania SAMER K. ELBABAA, MD, Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas MELVIN FIELD, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Central Florida College of Medicine; Director, Florida Hospital Minimally Invasive Brain Surgery Program, Department of Neurological Surgery, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida CHRISTOPHER A. GEGG, MD, Medical Director, Pediatric Neurosurgery, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, Florida BRENT GOLDEN, DDS, MD, Fellow, Pediatric Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, Florida MICHAEL S. JASKOLKA, DDS, MD, Fellow, Department of Pediatric Cleft and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, Florida DAVID F. JIMENEZ, MD, FACS, Professor and Chairman, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas KEYNE K. JOHNSON, MD, Attending Pediatric Neurosurgeon, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children; Assistant Professor, Neurological Surgery, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida iii JEFFREY LEHMAN, MD, Courtesy Assistant Professor, Department of Otolaryngology, Florida State University College of Medicine; Department of Otolaryngology, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida JOHN G. MEARA, MD, DMD, MBA, Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Children’s Hospital Boston; Associate Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts GREG OLAVARRIA, MD, Director, Pediatric Neurosciences Program, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children; Assistant Professor of Neurological Surgery, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida JOGI V. PATTISAPU, MD, Emeritus Program Founder, Pediatric Neurosciences; Co-Director, Pediatric Craniomaxillofacial Surgery Fellowship Program, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children; Associate Professor of Medical Education, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida JEFFREY C. POSNICK, DMD, MD, Director, Posnick Center for Facial Plastic Surgery, Chevy Chase, Maryland; Clinical Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Adjunct Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of Maryland, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland RAMON L. RUIZ, DMD, MD, Medical Director, Pediatric Craniomaxillofacial Surgery; Director, Craniofacial Disorders Program; Co-Director, Pediatric Craniomaxillofacial Surgery Fellowship Program, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children; Associate Professor of Surgery, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida BRIAN SPECTOR, MD, Courtesy Assistant Professor, Department of Otolaryngology, Florida State University College of Medicine; Department of Otolaryngology, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida PAUL S. TIWANA, DDS, MD, MS, Associate Professor and Residency Program Director, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas, Texas iv CONTRIBUTORS COMBINED CRANIOMAXILLOFACIAL AND NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES CONTENTS Preface vii Ramon L. Ruiz and Jogi V. Pattisapu The Coronal Scalp Flap: Surgical Technique 69 Ramon L. Ruiz, Jogi V. Pattisapu, Bernard J. Costello, and Brent Golden Craniosynostosis: Diagnosis and Surgical Management 77 Jogi V. Pattisapu, Christopher A. Gegg, Greg Olavarria, Keyne K. Johnson, Ramon L. Ruiz, and Bernard J. Costello Endoscopic Techniques for Craniosynostosis 93 David F. Jimenez and Constance M. Barone Craniofacial Dysostosis Syndromes: Evaluation and Staged 109 Reconstructive Approach Jeffrey C. Posnick, Paul S. Tiwana, and Ramon L. Ruiz Reconstruction of Frontoethmoidal Encephalocele Defects 129 Brian T. Andrews and John G. Meara Reconstruction of Skull Defects 139 Michael S. Jaskolka and Greg Olavarria Craniofacial Approach for Anterior Skull-Base Lesions 151 Samer K. Elbabaa and Ossama Al-Mefty Evolution of Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery of the Skull Base 161 and Paranasal Sinuses Melvin Field, Brian Spector, and Jeffrey Lehman Frontobasilar Fractures: Contemporary Management 181 R. Bryan Bell and Jefferson Chen VOLUME 18 Æ NUMBER 2 Æ SEPTEMBER 2010 v FORTHCOMING ISSUES March 2011 Peripheral Trigeminal Nerve Injury, Repair, and Regeneration Martin B. Steed, DDS, Guest Editor September 2011 Current Concepts in TMJ Surgery Gregory M. Ness, DDS, Guest Editor PREVIOUS ISSUES March 2010 Management of the Airway Henry H. Rowshan, DDS, MAJ, USA, and Dale A. Baur, DDS, MD, Guest Editors September 2009 Cleft Surgery: Repair of the Lip, Palate, and Alveolus G.E. Ghali, DDS, MD, FACS, Guest Editor March 2009 Mandibular Trauma Vincent B. Ziccardi, DDS, MD, Guest Editor RELATED INTEREST Clinics in Plastic Surgery,July2009(Vol.36,No.3) Aesthetic Facial Reconstruction Stefan O.P. Hofer, MD, PhD, FRCS(C) Guest Editor The Clinics are now available online! Access your subscription at www.theclinics.com Atlas Oral Maxillofacial Surg Clin N Am 18 (2010) viieviii Preface Ramon L. Ruiz, DMD, MD Jogi V. Pattisapu, MD Guest Editors Craniomaxillofacial surgery has advanced significantly in recent years, due to contributions from various experts in the field. We have learned much from each other in caring for patients with complex facial disorders. In this volume of the Atlas of the Oral/Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America, we compiled several concepts and approaches to the surgical management in a variety of situations. The authors have dedicated themselves to improving the techniques and have offered their expertise by sharing from their collective fund of knowledge. Surgical techniques have been advanced over the past century in an effort to solve problems affecting the complex anatomy of the craniomaxillofacial region. Maneuvers such as the application of rigid internal fixation for facial fractures, the creation of osteotomies for repositioning of skeletal segments, and the use of bone grafts for reconstruction of defects were developed for the treatment of conditions affecting the lower face. These original techniques of maxillofacial surgery were subsequently applied to correct congenital deformities and injuries of the upper face, orbit, and cranial vault and the subspecialty of craniofacial surgery was created. This close collaboration between the craniomaxillofacial surgeon and neurosurgeon allows safe transcranial access to the upper face and allowed us to treat congenital deformities or complex injuries, yielding better outcomes. In addition, modifications in craniomaxillofacial techniques have offered new opportu- nities in managing complicated skull base and intracranial pathologies. The combined approaches have improved our ability to reach various anatomical regions and increased our effectiveness while decreasing associated morbidity. We hope this issue offers the reader new ideas and surgical approaches, with vivid examples of variations and the indications for them in caring for these individuals. The editors are grateful to the many authors who, despite their own heavy professional commitments, spared their time, efforts, and energies to submit the articles on time. We are conscious of the time factor and delays that arise in a multi-authored publication. To those who submitted articles promptly, we offer our apologies for such delays. We have invited a wide range of experts from Neurosurgery, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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