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Author ' Sintroductionii howardcarterandtutankhamun.com Copyright © 2021 Michael J. Marfleet Published June 4th, 2021 A U T H O R ' S I N T R O D U C T I O N I I by MICHAEL J MARFLEET Pylon doorway ceiling detail, Mortuary Temple of Ramses III Medinet Habu AUTHOR'S INTRODUCTION - II June 4th, 2021 To confirm the publication timing outlined in 'Author's Introduction - I' dated March 26th, 2021: beginning June 18th, and at two-weekly intervals thereafter, twenty essays will be published on this website. These will in large part cover the period of the New Kingdom and the two Kings' Valleys, including passages on Howard Carter and the boy king. This background material is intended to provide a setting to the novel 'HOWARD CARTER & TUTANKHAMUN' in the weeks leading up to its serialized publication. The first chapter of the novel, 'An Ending', will be published April 8th, 2022, the succeeding twenty-nine chapters following at regular fortnightly intervals. Chapter Sixteen, 'Day of Days' leading up to the discovery of KV62, will appear on the occasion of the one hundredth anniversary, November 4th, 2022. The final chapter, 'Osiris', will be published May 19th, 2023, followed by the Epilogue, June 2nd. The full listing can be found by clicking the 'Publication schedule' button on the 'REFERENCE' page. Also, keep checking 'AUTHOR BLOG' for unscheduled notes and articles. The 'Bibliography' on the 'REFERENCE' page offers much in the way of further reading. However, if I were asked to pick just the one I can offer no better recommendation than Carter's original popular account of the discovery and clearance of KV62, particularly Volume One (Bib.23) in which the once in a lifetime emotional highs of the initial discovery are recaptured in its very readable prose. The three volumes of the Carter trilogy Published 1923, 1927 & 1933 A word on the introductory essays The essays provide a briefing ahead of the forthcoming novel. They do assume some basic knowledge and an elemental interest in all things ancient Egyptian, partic- ularly one brief period in Egypt's long history, the XVIIIth Dynasty. If you require clarification or wish to comment I encourage you to make use of the 'CONTACT' facility in the main menu. The total span of time touched on in these essays extends from the reign of Sequenre Tao II c1574bc through to c969bc, the death of High Priest Pinudjem II, (ie: from the close of the Second Intermediate Period through the first century or so of the Third Intermediate Period). The essays focus upon the interval, c1570-1070bc - the New Kingdom, (see below). 3rd Intermediate Period begins 2nd Intermediate Period ends The three dynasties that comprise the New Kingdom marked a high point in the fortunes of ancient Egypt. 1293bc marks the close of the XVIIIth Dynasty, the first of the New Kingdom dynasties. The following XIXth Dynasty includes the long run of the mightiest of the father-son pharaohs: Seti I, Ramses II & Merenptah. The XXth Dynasty includes among other kings a run of successive Ramses (Ramses III to Ramses XI), ultimately bringing the New Kingdom to a close and opening the doorway to a period of steady decline. Essays that cover the two Kings' Valleys largely center upon the interval between c1386 and c1293bc* - the reigns of Amenhotep III, Amenhotep IV (perhaps better known as Akhenaten), Smenkhkare, Tutankhamun, Ay & Horemheb. This time period sits more or less in the middle of the New Kingdom. The dates bracket the so-called AMARNA Period: c1350 to c1321bc. The term 'AMARNA Period' derives from the present day settlement of el- Amarna that occupies the site of Akhenaten's 'City of the horizon of the Aten', Akhet- aten, ('Regional Location Map', below). Conventional thinking has four pharaohs reigning during the AMARNA Period: Amenhotep IV, Smenkhkare, Tutankhamun & Ay. Like so many established interpretations based upon fragmentary and frequently ambiguous historical evidence, this scenario is questionable, (box in 'Family Tree of Tutankhamun' below, & Essay V appearing August 13th,). The twenty essays that follow are divided into those directly relevant to the text of the forthcoming novel and those of a more general nature. In the first set of ten essays we take a tour of the two kings' valleys, focusing upon a number of the more enigmatic tombs; explore the complex conundrum of the mummy restor- ations, their history, their purpose, and the mummies' identities; we search for tombs as yet undiscovered; debate whether one of the pharaohs of the New King- dom ever existed; examine the tomb-cutting methodology of the tomb builders; investigate whether Queen Nefertiti may still lie undiscovered in an extension to KV62; introduce the written language of the ancient Egyptians; inquire why Queen Tiye, grandmother to Tutankhamun, had so many potential burial sites; and why four tiny tombs in the Valley of the Kings, two of them originally intended for the dowager queen, produced more bounty than all of the others put together. The second series of essays delves into issues more specific to the narrative in 'HOWARD CARTER & TUTANKHAMUN', and seeks to resolve some enduring mysteries: how Howard Carter successfully deceived his Egyptian overseers; the significance of the CT Scans on Tutankhamun's mummy, and the DNA tests of some of his contemporaries and antecedents; the importance of a solar eclipse that occurred in this region just two years before Tutankhamun became king and how it may have related to the almost synchronous disappearance of his immediate forebears; the evidence for a linkage between the 'embalming caches' found in KV54 (a 1907 discovery), KV63 (discovered a century later) and KV62 itself; the mysteries surrounding KV55, and how these may relate to the re-burial of Tutankhamun's predecessors; whether the AMARNA Royals had a purpose-built mausoleum in the Valley of the Kings, how they may have arrived there and what happened to them later; where the larger funerary items found in KV62 may have originated, and how they were introduced into the tomb in the first place; what has been learned about KV62 from recent discoveries, analysis, scientific testing and novel theory; the background to the failed political conspiracy that ultimately led to the disappear- ance of Tutankhamun's widow; and why it is we know so little about the boy king himself. A few words of caution and encouragement While some basic familiarity with ancient Egypt wouldn't go amiss - in particular concerning this website's focus on historical timing and location (the XVIIIth Dyn- asty & the Valley of the Kings) - those who are totally fresh to the subject but curious to explore it may have an advantage. Absent preconceptions they are sure to approach the subject with open minds. Remember, much of what you are about to read is questionable. Many statements and conclusions in my writings (and this does not exclude the publications of accomplished Egyptologists), are influenced by personal bias and to some degree require a leap of faith. I encourage you to question everything. It is the unknown in ancient Egypt- ian history that makes what may be referred to as 'armchair Egyptology' so very absorbing. There is more than enough feedstock. Literally hundreds of mysteries and inconsistencies await your solution.** It is through the original, insightful contributions of the curious, like yourselves, that we may hope to draw ever closer to the truth. In the words of the Egyptologist, Dr. Joyce Tyldesley: 'It is not possible to tell the full and accurate story of Tutankhamen's life and death. There are still too many unanswered questions; too many blank areas… For me…it is the journey towards the complete story, the intricate teasing out of detail and the linking together of disparate facts, that fascinates.' (Bib. 65). Our knowledge of all things ancient Egyptian improves by the day. For this very reason, and while this website is on line, I shall endeavor to keep the forth- coming essays up to date. I encourage you to contribute to this effort, and will welcome your comments via the 'CONTACT' page. Footnote At the outset I must confess to a degree of laziness and apologize for not including illustrations that are still under copyright - prodigious effort and considerable time would have been needed to obtain the original authors' permission to include all those I would under normal circumstances have selected. In lieu I have referenced in which volumes and journals the most important illustrations are to be found. It is my hope that the reader will take the time to explore these and other titles listed in the 'Bibliography', thereby broadening his or her own knowledge. Unless accredited otherwise, all of the XXIst C photography is my own. I am indebted to those authors and volumes listed under 'Bibliography' for their erudite descriptions and analyses, and for providing so much food for thought. The odyssey continues… * The ancient Egyptian narrative in the novel also covers this period. ** A fine example of the confusion still reigning over relationships and events of the AMARNA Period is ably demonstrated in the passage headed 'Nefertiti-Neferneferuaten' in 'Women of Power and In- fluence in Ancient Egypt' by Brian Alm, 2019, (www.academia.edu). Michael J Marfleet Sewall's Point Florida June 4th, 2021 Next: ESSAY I 'A brief introduction to the Valley(s) of the Kings c1570 to c1070bc' published June 18th, 2021 .
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