DOCSLIB.ORG

Discussion and Evaluation of Mining and Environment Laws of Turkey with Regard to Eu Legislation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Discussion and Evaluation of Mining and Environment Laws of Turkey with Regard to Eu Legislation DISCUSSION AND EVALUATION OF MINING AND ENVIRONMENT LAWS OF TURKEY WITH REGARD TO EU LEGISLATION A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY ŞÜKRÜ ŞAFAK IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MINING ENGINEERING SEPTEMBER 2006 1 Approval of the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. Canan Özgen Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science Prof. Dr. Ümit Atalay Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aydın Bilgin Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Tevfik Güyagüler (METU, MINE) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aydın Bilgin (METU, MINE) Prof. Dr. Naci Bölükba şı (METU, MINE) Prof. Dr. Ali İhsan Arol (METU, MINE) Assist. Prof. Dr. M. Ali Hindistan (HÜ, MINE) 1 I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last Name: Şükrü, ŞAFAK Signature : iii ABSTRACT DISCUSSION AND EVALUATION OF MINING AND ENVIRONMENT LAWS OF TURKEY WITH REGARD TO EU LEGISLATION ŞAFAK, Şükrü M.S., Department of Mining Engineering Supervisor : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aydın Bilgin September 2006, 140 pages Turkey is trying to become a member of the European Union. Within this frame, studies are proceeding for harmonization of the Turkish legislation with the EU legislation. European legislation might have positive or negative impact on the mineral extraction industry and national mining law. Since there is no title directly related to mining policy in the EU legislation the mining policy of EU was evaluated especially under the titles“energy” and “environment”. In this thesis, the Turkish mining regulations and the environmental aspects of the mining activities have been investigated and discussed in comparison with those of EU. The latest developments about mining sectors of Turkey and EU have been evaluated and the comparison between EU directives and Turkish laws and regulations about mining have been made. In this study, modifications that should be realized in laws and regulations and measures that should be taken by Turkey as a candidate country for EU discussed and some proposals have been made. Keywords: Mining, Environment, European Union, Turkey, Legislation, Law. iv ÖZ TÜRK MADEN VE ÇEVRE KANUNLARININ AVRUPA B İRL İĞİ MEVZUATIYLA KAR ŞILA ŞTIRILMASI VE DE ĞERLEND İRİLMES İ ŞAFAK, Şükrü Yüksek Lisans, Maden Mühendisli ği Bölümü Tez Yöneticisi : Doç. Dr. Aydın Bilgin Eylül 2006, 140 sayfa Türkiye Avrupa Birli ği’ne üye olmaya çalı şmaktadır. Bu çerçevede Türk mevzuatıyla Avrupa Birli ği mevzuatının uyumla ştırma çabaları devam etmektedir. Avrupa Birli ği mevzuatı, ulusların maden kanunlarını ve madencilik sektörünü negatif veya pozitif yönde etkilemektedir. Avrupa Birli ği mevzutında madencilik politikası ile ilgili tek ba şına bir ba şlık olmadı ğı için, Avrupa Birli ği’nin madencilik politikası özellikle “enerji” ve “çevre” ba şlıkları altında incelenmi ştir. Bu tezde, Türkiye’nin maden mevzuatındaki düzenlemeler ve madencilik faaliyetlerinin çevresel etkileri ara ştırılmı ş ve Avrupa Birli ği’ndeki mevzuatla kar şıla ştırılmı ş ve incelenmi ştir. Türkiye ve Avrupa Birli ği madencilik sektörlerindeki son geli şmeler de ğerlendirilerek, madencilik konusundaki AB yönergeleri ile Türk kanun ve yönetmelikleri kar şıla ştırılmı ştır. Bu çalı şmada, Avrupa Birli ğine aday konumunda olan Türkiye’nin alması gereken önlemler ile yasa ve yönetmeliklerde yapılması gereken de ğişiklik önerileri geli ştirilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Madencilik, Çevre, Avrupa Birli ği, Türkiye, Mevzuat, Kanun. v To My Daughter vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to express his sincere appreciation to his supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aydın Bilgin for his guidance, patience, encouragements and criticism throughout the preparation of the thesis. Without his understanding, support and guidance, this thesis would not have been completed. The valuable comments and suggestions of the examining committee namely; Prof.Dr. Naci Bölükba şı, Prof. Dr. Tevfik Güyagüler, Prof. Dr. Ali İhsan Arol and Assist. Prof. Dr. M. Ali Hindistan are gratefully acknowledged. The author would like to give special thanks to Mrs. Emel Güney for her help during the preparation of the thesis. The author is grateful for the support he received from Barı ş Aksoy and Bora Ersoy during his thesis study. Finally, the author also wants to express sincere thanks to his parents, Sefer and Tülay Şafak, his wife Nalan Şafak and his daughter Begüm Şafak for their encouragement during his whole education life and his thesis study. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS viii ix x LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Privatized Companies in Mining Sector.....................................................5 Table 2.2 The Share of Mining in Gross National Product (GNP) .............................6 Table 2.3 Mineral Reserves of Turkey ....................................................................16 Table 2.4 Annual Mining Production(2004)............................................................19 Table 2.5 The Share of Mining Sector in Foreign Trade (Exports) ..........................20 Table 2.6 The Share of Mining Sector in Foreign Trade (Imports) .........................21 Table 2.7 Export Values of Group of Minerals........................................................21 Table 2.8 ImportValues of Group of Minerals.........................................................21 Table 3.1 6th Framework Programme .....................................................................31 Table 3.2 Services Related to Mining and Environmental Isuues at EC...................32 Table 3.3 Mineral Production in Europe..................................................................40 Table 3.4 Prodution of Selected Minerals as World Percentages .............................41 Table 3.5 EU31 Mine Production of Selected Metals as World Percentages............42 Table 4.1 Directives Related to Safety and Health of Mine Workers in EU .............62 Table 4.2 Environmental Legislation Related to Mining Sector in EU.....................65 Table 4.3 Activities in Mining Industry for PRTR...................................................72 Table 4.4 Waste Management Legislation for Mining Sector in EU ........................80 Table 5.1 Regulations Related to Safety and Health of Mine Workers in Turkey.....98 Table 5.2 Lists of Mining Projects in EIA Regulation(Supplement I) ....................102 Table 5.3 Lists of Mining Projects in EIA Regulation(Supplement II)...................103 Table 5.4 The Highest Values Allowed for Ground Vibrations Outside The Nearest Building.............................................................................111 Table 5.5 Regulations About the Mining Activities Within the Meaning of Environment Law..................................................................................113 Table 6.1 Comparison of EU Directives and Turkish Legislation in Mining Sector....................................................................................................120 xi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4.1 Legal Framework of Mining in EU ........................................................57 Figure 4.2 Mining Waste Types .............................................................................78 xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BAT : Best Available Technique BGS : British Geological Survey BREF : Best Available Technique Reference Document BRGM : Breaude Recherches Géologiques et Minières CCA : European Calcium Carbonate Association COM : Communication DG : Directorate General EBA : European Borates Association EC : European Commission ECSC : European Community of Steel and Coal EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EMAS : Eco-Management and Audit Scheme EMIREC : European Mineral Resources Research and Technological Development Council EN/ISO : Environmental/International Organization for Standardization ERMITE : Environmental Regulation of Mine Waters in European Union ETIMADEN : Eti Mine Works General Management ETP-SMR : European Technology Platform on Sustainable Mineral Resources EU : European Union EUBA : European Bentonite Association EULA : European Lime Association EUROFEL : European Association of Feldspar Producers EUROGEO- : Association of European Geological Surveys SURVEYS EUROMINES : European Association of Mining Industries EUROSIL : European Association of Industrials Silica Producers xiii EUROTALC : Scientific Association of European Talc Industry FEMP : Federation of European Mineral Programmes FFH : Flora Fauna and Habitat FP6 : Sixth Framework Programme FP7 : Seventh Framework Programme GDMA : General Directorate of Mining Affairs GNP : Gross National Product GNSS : Galileo Navigation Satellite System HLG : High Level Group IDPA : International Diatomite Association IMA : Industrial Mineral Association IMF : International Money Fund IMMIB : General Secretariat of İstanbul Mineral and Metals Assocciation IPPC : Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control JRC : Joint Research Center KPC : European Kaolin and Plastic Clays Association LCV : Lowest Calorific Value MENR : Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mineral Exploration: What, Where • and Why in Turkey
    by Mining & Earth Sciences Magazine 01 September 2011 | Vol 1 | Number 1 | www.madencilik-turkiye.com • Mineral Exploration: What, Where and Why in Turkey • Turkey: Europe’s Largest Gold Producer • Mining Sector In The World and In Turkey contents Mining Turkey is published biannually by Mayeb Madencilik ve Yer Bilimleri Basım Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. 2...... FROM THE EDITOR 1042. Cd. 1335. Sk. Vadi Köşk Apt. No: 6/8 A. Öveçler / ANKARA / TURKEY Tel : +90 (312) 482 18 60 4...... NEWS Fax : +90 (312) 482 18 61 [email protected] www.madencilik-turkiye.com 12...... MINERAL EXPLORATION: WHAT, WHERE AND General Coordinator Onur Aydın WHY IN TURKEY by Özcan Yiğit [email protected] Editor - International Relations O. Çağım Tuğ 20...... FLSMIDTH company profile [email protected] News Ceren Kılıç 21...... CHESSER RESOURCES company profile [email protected] Graphic Design M. Anıl Tuğ 22...... TURKEY: EUROPE’S LARGEST GOLD PRODUCER [email protected] Merve Mallı [email protected] by Muhterem Köse Web Technologies Bilgin B. Yılmaz [email protected] 26...... MAXWELL GEOSERVICES company profile Legal Adviser Av. Evrim İnal [email protected] 28...... MINING SECTOR IN THE WORLD AND IN Academical Advisers Assoc. Prof. C. Okay Aksoy Assoc. Prof. Ali Sarıışık TURKEY by MSBK Assoc. Prof. Erol Kaya Assoc. Prof. Hakan Başarır Assoc. Prof. M. Emin Candansayar 32...... MINING COMPANIES IN TURKEY’S TOP 500 Assoc. Prof. Talip Güngör Assist. Prof. Melih Geniş Assist. Prof. Melih Iphar INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OF 2010 Assist. Prof. Nuray Demirel Advertising Sales by Madencilik Türkiye Magazine [email protected] Annual Subscription Enquiries [email protected] Advertisers index 01 September 2011 1 Editor www.madencilik-turkiye.com 1979 to 2011.
    [Show full text]
  • Etimine USA Inc. AB Etiproducts O.Y
    Etimine USA, Inc. Borate and Boron Product Usage in the Oil and Gas Industry Borate mineral ores such as Ulexite and Colemanite, as well as refined borates and boron products, are important additives found in many formulations used in petroleum, natural gas and shale gas well operations in order to maximize yields and improve performance. When using guar gums, for example, the crosslinking action of borate’s B2O3 content gives drilling fluids the viscosity needed at less expense than simply using more guar gum to achieve the same viscosity. Ulexite’s delayed solubility means viscosity increase is delayed. When mixed just before using, it is easier to pump drilling fluids at a well head’s entry. Furthermore, borate’s pH sensitivity means drillers can easily reverse the crosslinking via buffers, making the fluid much easier to pump back to the surface once the job is done. Eti Maden and Etimine USA offer borate and boron product grades designed for oil and gas industry applications, including especially fine particle sizes that reduce filter clogging. Depending on the situation and type of application—such as drilling muds, well stimulation or fracking— borate and boron products are selected alongside other chemical components in order to modify a formulation’s viscosity, pH, thermal stability, lubricity and/or flow rate. Among the more popular borate products for use in oil and gas exploration, drilling and well completion, mineral ores Colemanite and Ulexite are the subject of numerous patents in the energy industry. Formulators and users are strongly encouraged to evaluate the current and pending patents to assess their ability to operate without infringing on protected intellectual property.
    [Show full text]
  • World Flame Retardants
    INDUSTRY MARKET RESEARCH FOR BUSINESS LEADERS, STRATEGISTS, DECISION MAKERS CLICK TO VIEW Table of Contents 2 List of Tables & Charts 3 Study Overview 5 Sample Text, Table & Chart 6 Sample Profile, Table & Forecast 7 Order Form & Corporate Use License 8 photo: Universal Carbon Fibers About Freedonia, Custom Research, Related Studies, 9 World Flame Retardants Industry Study with Forecasts for 2016 & 2021 Study #2987 | February 2013 | $6100 | 336 pages The Freedonia Group 767 Beta Drive www.freedoniagroup.com Cleveland, OH • 44143-2326 • USA Toll Free US Tel: 800.927.5900 or +1 440.684.9600 Fax: +1 440.646.0484 E-mail: [email protected] Study #2987 February 2013 World Flame Retardants $6100 336 Pages Industry Study with Forecasts for 2016 & 2021 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Flame Retardant Demand .......................95 Industry Restructuring ........................ 256 United States ......................................97 Competitive Strategies ........................ 258 MARKET ENVIRONMENT Canada ............................................. 104 Product Differentiation & Mexico ............................................. 110 Market Segmentation ..................... 259 General ................................................4 Research & Development .................. 260 Global Economic Overview .......................5 WESTERN EUROPE Cooperative Agreements ................... 261 Recent Historical Trends .......................5 Marketing & Distribution ..................... 264 World Economic Outlook .......................7
    [Show full text]
  • In-Depth Energy Efficiency Policy Review of the REPUBLIC of TURKEY
    In-Depth Energy Efficiency Policy Review of THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY ENERGY CHARTER SECRETATIAT 2014 In-Depth Energy Efficiency Policy Review of THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY ENERGY CHARTER SECRETATIAT 2014 Information contained in this work has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither the Energy Charter Secretariat nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and neither the Energy Charter Secretariat nor its authors shall be responsible for any losses or damages arising from the use of this information or from any errors or omissions therein. This work is published with the understanding that the Energy Charter Secretariat and its authors are supplying the information, but are not attempting to render legal or other professional services. © Energy Charter Secretariat, 2014 Boulevard de la Woluwe, 56 B-1200 Brussels, Belgium ISBN 978-905948-149-7 (English PDF) ISBN 978-905948-148-0 (English Paperback), Dépôt number: D/2014/7850/2 Reproduction of this work, save where otherwise stated, is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged. All rights otherwise reserved. Cover and layout design: Diana Spotinova for Spotinov print Ltd. Printed by Spotinov print Ltd. Photo on the cover: Maiden’s Tower, Istanbul. Source: Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources of Turkey. Introduction Turkey ratified the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) and the Protocol on Energy Efficiency and Related Environmental Aspects (PEEREA) on 5 April 2001. By ratifying PEEREA, countries commit themselves to formulating and implementing policies for improving energy efficiency (EE) and reducing the negative environmental impacts of the energy cycle (Art. 5). The guiding principle of PEEREA is that contracting parties shall cooperate and, as appropriate, assist each other in developing and implementing EE policies, laws and regulations (Art.
    [Show full text]
  • ETİ MADEN İŞLETMELERİ GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ ETI MINE WORKS GENERAL DIRECTORATE Bir Milletin Tealisi, Yeraltı Zenginliklerinin Değerlendirilmesine Bağlıdır
    ETİ MADEN İŞLETMELERİ GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ ETI MINE WORKS GENERAL DIRECTORATE Bir milletin tealisi, yeraltı zenginliklerinin değerlendirilmesine bağlıdır. A nation’s progression depends on the utilization of her underground resources. 2 3 Biz Büyüdükçe Türkiye Büyüyor... Turkey’s Growing While We’re Growing... 4 5 İçindekiler Contents Bakan Sunuşu Message From the Minister 08 Yatırım Faaliyetleri Investment Activities 49 Genel Müdür’ün Mesajı Message from the General Director 2011 Yılında Tamamlanan Yatırım Projeleri 10 Investment Projects Completed in 2011 52 Organizasyonun Evreleri Organization’s Phases Arge ve Teknoloji Geliştirme Faaliyetleri 14 R&D and Technology Development Activities 54 Vizyon ve Misyon Vision and Mission 16 Maden Sahaları ve Sondajlar Mine Fields and Drills 56 Etik Standartlar ve Değerler Ethical Standards and Values Eti Maden Ürün Portföyü ve Üretim Yerleri 18 Eti Mine Product Portfolio and Production Locations 58 Organizasyon Şeması Organizational Chart Bandırma Bor ve Asit Fabrikaları İşletme Müdürlüğü 20 Bandırma Boron and Acid Factories Works Directorate 60 Eti Maden Üst Yöneticileri Board of Directors 22 Kırka Bor İşletme Müdürlüğü Kırka Boron Works Directorate 62 Kurumsal Gelişim Çalışmaları Institutional Development Activities 26 Emet Bor İşletme Müdürlüğü Emet Boron Works Directorate 64 Entegre Yönetim Sistemi Integrated Management System 28 Bigadiç Bor İşletme Müdürlüğü Bigadiç Boron Works Directorate 66 Personel ve Eğitim Faaliyetleri Personnel and Training Activities 29 Lojistik Müdürlükleri Logistics Managements
    [Show full text]
  • RESTRICTED WT/TPR/S/331 9 February 2016
    RESTRICTED WT/TPR/S/331 9 February 2016 (16-0830) Page: 1/215 Trade Policy Review Body TRADE POLICY REVIEW REPORT BY THE SECRETARIAT TURKEY This report, prepared for the sixth Trade Policy Review of Turkey, has been drawn up by the WTO Secretariat on its own responsibility. The Secretariat has, as required by the Agreement establishing the Trade Policy Review Mechanism (Annex 3 of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization), sought clarification from Turkey on its trade policies and practices. Any technical questions arising from this report may be addressed to Ms Denby Probst (tel.: 022 739 5847), Ms Katie Waters (tel.: 022 739 5067), Ms Mena Hassan (tel.: 022 739 6522), and Mr John Finn (tel.: 022 739 5081). Document WT/TPR/G/331 contains the policy statement submitted by Turkey. Note: This report is subject to restricted circulation and press embargo until the end of the first session of the meeting of the Trade Policy Review Body on Turkey. This report was drafted in English. WT/TPR/S/331 • Turkey - 2 - CONTENTS SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... 10 1 ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................ 14 1.1 Recent Economic Developments.................................................................................. 14 1.2 Balance of Payments ................................................................................................. 17 1.3 Fiscal Policy
    [Show full text]
  • Economics of Boron Mining in Turkey
    2nd International Symposium on Sustainable Development, June 8-9 2010, Sarajevo Economics of Boron Mining in Turkey Bayram KAHRAMAN Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Müh. Fak., Maden Müh. Bölümü, Izmir, Turkey [email protected] Abstract: Boron minerals are one of the most important richness of Turkey. Turkey has a great potential in boron minerals regards to the reserves and the quality of these minerals. Boron minerals have an intensive and increasing usage ranging from glass to detergent industry and in metallurgical, agricultural and nuclear applications. Despite the important potential, Turkey gains only an average of 300 million US Dollars per year. Therefore, this income should be increased proportionally to the potential. In this study, production and export of ETĠBOR A.ġ. since 1978, future targets are reviewed. Introduction Boron, which has the world's most common application, is one of the most important elements. This is why the industry is one of the most important foundation stones. Boron minerals are structures in different proportions of boron oxide (B2O3) which are naturally formed. There are over 200 naturally occurring boron containing minerals which have major commercial importance; tincal, colemanite, kernite, ulexite, pandermite, boracite, szaibelyite and hydroboracite (Table 1). Boron minerals in Turkey, which are widely available, are tincal, colemanite and ulexite. These minerals are sodium, calcium and sodium+calcium boron-based compounds. First of these minerals can be physically processed enriched (concentrated
    [Show full text]
  • Uranium Exploration and Mining Activities of Turkey As a Newcomer
    URANIUM EXPLORATION AND MINING ACTIVITIES OF TURKEY AS A NEWCOMER S. GEZER Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, Ankara, Turkey Countries embarking on a nuclear power programme are referred to as a ‘newcomer’ need to ensure that the development of their legal, regulatory and support infrastructure is aligned with the construction of the nuclear power plant itself. This is done to ensure that the programme proceeds in a safe, secure and sustainable way. Through several initiatives, the transfer of information and knowledge is required from States with extensive experience in uranium mining and production to so-called newcomers to the sector. Growing demand from a much-anticipated nuclear power renaissance and the subsequent potential significant increase in the cost for nuclear fuel have recently spurred greater investment in uranium exploration in an increasing number of countries. Nuclear power is an inevitable option for Turkey to meet energy security. Turkey has distinctly progressing its nuclear energy program in nuclear milestones. As being aware of that uranium mining and activities would be a significant role in supporting energy security by realizing domestic nuclear energy fuel for the nuclear power plant projects. This paper wholly provides the recent uranium exploration activities, drilling efforts, identified conventional resources, environmental activities and regulatory regime of Turkey with the details. 1. BACKGROUND: URANIUM FOR NUCLEAR POWER Access to uranium resources are an integral part of the nuclear fuel cycle. To increase the capability of interested Member States in planning and policy making on uranium production, the IAEA works together with the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) to collect and provide information on uranium resources, production and demand.
    [Show full text]
  • Study of the EU-Turkey Bilateral Preferential Trade Framework, Including the Customs Union, and an Assessment of Its Possible Enhancement
    Study of the EU-Turkey Bilateral Preferential Trade Framework, Including the Customs Union, and an Assessment of Its Possible Enhancement Final Report 26 October 2016 Prepared by BKP Development Research & Consulting in consortium with Panteia and AESA [October 2016] The views expressed in the report are those of the consultant and do not present an official view of the European Commission. EUROPEAN COMMISSION Directorate-General for Trade Directorate E — Neighbouring countries, USA and Canada Unit E.2 — Russia, CIS, Ukraine, Western Balkan, EFTA, EEA, Turkey and Central Asia Contact: Petros Sourmelis E-mail: [email protected] European Commission B-1049 Brussels EUROPEAN COMMISSION Study of the EU-Turkey Bilateral Preferential Trade Framework, Including the Customs Union, and an Assessment of Its Possible Enhancement Final Report The information and views set out in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission’s behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained herein. The report reflects developments until early August 2016. However, the events in Turkey of 15 July 2016 and their potential implications are not reflected in the analysis. Directorate-General for Trade 2016 Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you).
    [Show full text]
  • American Pacific Borate & Lithium Ltd Acn 615 606 114
    AMERICAN PACIFIC BORATE & LITHIUM LTD ACN 615 606 114 PROSPECTUS For an offer of 60,000,000 Shares at issue price of $0.20 per Share to raise $12,000,000, with the right to accept oversubscriptions of up to a further 15,000,000 Shares at an issue price of $0.20 per Share to raise up to a further $3,000,000. IMPORTANT INFORMATION This is an important document that should be read in its entirety. If you do not understand it you should consult your professional advisers without delay. The Shares offered by this Prospectus should be considered highly speculative. TABLE OF CONTENTS CORPORATE DIRECTORY .............................................................................................................. 1 IMPORTANT NOTICE ...................................................................................................................... 2 KEY OFFER INFORMATION ............................................................................................................ 5 1. INVESTMENT OVERVIEW ................................................................................................. 6 2. CHAIRMAN’S LETTER ..................................................................................................... 14 3. DETAILS OF THE OFFER .................................................................................................. 15 4. COMPANY AND PROJECTS OVERVIEW ....................................................................... 20 5. INDUSTRY OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • FORMATO PDF Ranking Instituciones No Acadã©Micas Por Sub áRea
    Ranking Instituciones No Académicas por sub área OCDE 2020 1. Cs. Naturales > 1.06 Ciencias Biológicas PAÍS INSTITUCIÓN RANKING PUNTAJE FRANCE Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 1 5,000 CHINA Chinese Academy of Sciences 2 5,000 USA National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA 3 5,000 USA VA Boston Healthcare System 4 5,000 USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute 5 5,000 GERMANY Max Planck Society 6 5,000 GERMANY Helmholtz Association 7 5,000 FRANCE Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm) 8 5,000 SPAIN Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) 9 5,000 USA Harvard School of Dental Medicine 10 5,000 USA United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 11 5,000 USA Broad Institute 12 5,000 FRANCE Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 13 5,000 FRANCE CNRS - National Institute for Biology (INSB) 14 5,000 USA United States Department of Energy (DOE) 15 5,000 USA Massachusetts General Hospital 16 5,000 GERMANY European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) 17 5,000 CHINA University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS 18 5,000 UNITED KINGDOM Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute 19 5,000 ITALY Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) 20 5,000 RUSSIA Russian Academy of Sciences 21 5,000 FRANCE Assistance Publique Hopitaux Paris (APHP) 22 5,000 USA NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI) 23 5,000 USA Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 24 5,000 USA UTMD Anderson Cancer Center 25 5,000 FRANCE Le Reseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP) 26 5,000 FRANCE Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement
    [Show full text]
  • Mining Industry in Turkey
    MINING INDUSTRY IN TURKEY PRODUCTION The minerals sector is one of the leading sectors supplying raw materials to domestic industry. Turkey possesses the largest resources of most minerals in the world and is one of the world’s richest countries in terms of minerals. Excluding petroleum and coal, there are 53 exploitable minerals and metals and 4,500 mineral deposits in Turkey. Turkey’s geology is extremely complex and this complexity is reflected in the diversity of its mineral deposits. Best known for its industrial minerals, Turkey is a major producer of boron minerals, feldspar, marble, baryte, celestite (strontium), emery, limestone, magnesite, perlite and pumice. A wide variety of primary metallic minerals is produced as well. Copper and chromite are the most significant minerals in the metals sector. Turkey is a major producer of processed mineral commodities, including refined borates and related chemicals, cement, ceramics and glass. In addition, Turkey is a significant producer of ferrochromium and steel. In recent years, mining activities and the search and production of mainly silver, gold, manganese, copper and chrome ore have increased considerably in Turkey as in the rest of the world. Today, 53 different minerals are produced in the Turkish mining sector. Most of the production is carried out by the private sector. The main producers are Eti Mine Works General Management, Turkish Hard Coal Corporation (TKİ), Turkish Hard Coal Institute (TTK) and private sector companies. The public sector is dominant in fuel minerals and metallic ore production, while the private sector is concentrated in industrial mineral production. Chromite Turkey has a 6% share in world chromite mining and possesses 25 million tons of reserves.
    [Show full text]