Ancient Greek Colonies in the Black Sea
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143 Greek Settlement on the Lower Reaches of the River Tyras, The
Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia nr 66 Mariusz Mielczarek https://doi.org/10.26485/AAL/2020/66/12 HERODOTUS AND GREEK SETTLEMENTS IN THE LOWER DNIESTER REGION ABSTRACT The evidence for Greek settlement on the Lower Dniester region in the ancient written sources is very scanty. The evidence in Herodotus is of prime importance. In reality Herodotus was more interested in Scythian matters than those of the Greeks. Herodotus gave special attention to the history of king Scyles and his special relations with Olbia. In light of the coin evidence Scyles could also be connected with Nikonion. Key words: Herodotus, Lower Dniester region, Greek settlements, the Scythians HERODOT I OSADNICTWO GRECKIE NAD DOLNYM DNIESTREM ABSTRAKT Osadnictwo greckie w dolnym biegu rzeki Dniestr w źródłach antycznych opisane jest bardzo skromnie. Wczesną, bardzo ogólną informacje podał Herodot. Dalsze uwagi Herodota w pierwszej kolejności od- noszą się do Scytów. Dużą uwagę poświęcił on na historię scytyjskiego króla Skylesa, i jego szczególne związki z Olbią. Skyles, w świetle znalezisk monetarnych związany mógł być również z Nikonion. Słowa kluczowe: Herodot, dolne Naddniestrze, osadnictwo grecki, Scytowie Greek settlement on the lower reaches of the The limited interest of ancient authors in the river Tyras, the present-day Dniester, was not of activities of the Greeks who settled on the River particular interest to Greek and Roman authors. At Tyras,4 may be a result of the region’s peripheral different times and on the basis of various sources,1 location in relation to the areas where events of they mentioned (frequently as an aside to the main major importance for the Greek world took place.5 subject being discussed) the names of several set- It cannot be ruled out that the lack of more de- tlements located on the River Tyras. -
Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi * Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ * SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANABİLİM DALI YÜKSEK LİSANS PROGRAMI ANTİK ÇAĞDA HERMONASSA LİMANI: SİYASİ VE EKONOMİK GELİŞMELER YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Betül AKKAYA MAYIS-2018 TRABZON KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ * SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANABİLİM DALI YÜKSEK LİSANS PROGRAMI ANTİK ÇAĞDA HERMONASSA LİMANI: SİYASİ VE EKONOMİK GELİŞMELER YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Betül AKKAYA Tez Danışmanı: Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Osman EMİR MAYIS-2018 TRABZON ONAY Betül AKKAYA tarafından hazırlanan Antik Çağda Hermonassa Limanı: Siyasi ve Ekonomik Gelişmeler adlı bu çalışma 17.10.2018 tarihinde yapılan savunma sınavı sonucunda oy birliği/ oy çokluğu ile başarılı bulunarak jürimiz tarafından Tarih Anabilim Dalında Yüksek Lisans Tezi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Juri Üyesi Karar İmza Unvanı- Adı ve Soyadı Görevi Kabul Ret Prof. Dr. Mehmet COĞ Başkan Prof. Dr. Süleyman ÇİĞDEM Üye Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Osman EMİR Üye Yukarıdaki imzaların, adı geçen öğretim üyelerine ait olduklarını onaylarım. Prof. Dr. Yusuf SÜRMEN Enstitü Müdürü BİLDİRİM Tez içindeki bütün bilgilerin etik davranış ve akademik kurallar çerçevesinde elde edilerek sunulduğunu, ayrıca tez yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada orijinal olmayan her türlü kaynağa eksiksiz atıf yapıldığını, aksinin ortaya çıkması durumunda her tür yasal sonucu kabul ettiğimi beyan ediyorum. Betül AKKAYA 21.05.2018 ÖNSÖZ Kolonizasyon kelime anlamı olarak bir ülkenin başka bir ülke üzerinde ekonomik olarak egemenlik kurması anlamına gelmektedir. Koloni ise egemenlik kurulan toprakları ifade etmektedir. Antik çağlardan itibaren kolonizasyon hareketleri devam etmektedir. Greklerin Karadeniz üzerinde gerçekleştirdiği koloni faaliyetleri ışığında ele alınan Hermonassa antik kenti de Kuzey Karadeniz kıyılarında yer alan önemli bir Grek kolonisidir. Bugünkü Kırım sınırları içinde yer almış olan kent aynı zamanda Bosporus Krallığı içerisinde önemli bir merkez olarak var olmuştur. -
Ukraine–Greece Cooperation: Imbued with Common History and Vision
Georgios POUKAMISSAS, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Hellenic Republic to Ukraine (2016–2019) UKRAINE–GREECE COOPERATION: IMBUED WITH COMMON HISTORY AND VISION – Let me start with an opening statement. Greece upholds the territorial in- tegrity, independence and sovereignty of Ukraine, not recognizing the illegal annexation of the Crimean peninsula by the Russian Federation. International law, including various treaties, constitutes a fundamental guiding principle for the Hellenic Republic, and this does also apply in the case of Ukraine. Our ties to the Ukrainian lands are both ancient and modern; Tyras and Olvia were prosperous cities on the estuary of the Dnister and Dnipro Rivers respec- tively built by the Greeks as early as the 6th century BC. Mariupol, on the other hand, was founded in the late 18th century by the Greeks getting out of Crimea (Tavryda) to the northern shore of the Azov Sea. A few years after Mariupol, Odessa was built, a city of symbolic significance for modern Greece; in Odessa, in 1814, Filiki Eteria was founded, the secret so- ciety which masterminded and set in motion the Greek independence struggle. – Ukraine hosts a considerable Greek expatriate community. Is there a proper liaison with representatives of the community and is the Embassy following the living conditions of the Greeks? – First of all, we follow closely the fortunes of the Greek community which is concentrated in the hinterland of Mariupol. They are part and parcel of the society in these areas. We are also content with their treatment by the Ukrainian authorities, includ- ing on oblast and city level. -
Epigraphic Bulletin for Greek Religion 2010 (EBGR 2010)
Kernos Revue internationale et pluridisciplinaire de religion grecque antique 26 | 2013 Varia Epigraphic Bulletin for Greek Religion 2010 (EBGR 2010) Angelos Chaniotis Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/kernos/2216 DOI: 10.4000/kernos.2216 ISSN: 2034-7871 Publisher Centre international d'étude de la religion grecque antique Printed version Date of publication: 10 October 2013 Number of pages: 241-302 ISSN: 0776-3824 Electronic reference Angelos Chaniotis, “Epigraphic Bulletin for Greek Religion 2010 (EBGR 2010)”, Kernos [Online], 26 | 2013, Online since 01 October 2014, connection on 02 March 2021. URL: http:// journals.openedition.org/kernos/2216 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/kernos.2216 Kernos Kernos 26 (2013), p. 241-302. Epigraphic Bulletin for Greek Religion 2010 (EBGR 2010) The 23rd issue of the Epigraphic Bulletin for Greek Religion presents a selection of the epigraphic publications of 2010 and additions to earlier issues (especially publications of 2008 and 2009). As usual, emphasis was placed on the presentation of editions of new texts. This issue contains several interesting new epigraphic finds, mostly from Asia Minor. I would like to highlight a long Hellenistic inscription from Lykia (Tlos or Xanthos) that concerns a funerary foundation (143); besides providing interesting details regarding the sacrifice and the banquet, this text is an important piece of evidence for the devotion of an individual to a personal patron god (Helios, in this case), for belief in a personal ‘hero’ (or daimon), and the heroization through private initiative. A decree from Nysa provides valuable information about the exploitation of offering tables by trapezonai in a sanctuary of Plouton and Kore (54, 1st cent. -
Bosporos Studies 2001 2002 2003
BOSPOROS STUDIES 2001 Vol. I Vinokurov N.I. Acclimatization of vine and the initial period of the viticulture development in the Northern Black Sea Coast Gavrilov A. V, Kramarovsky M.G. The barrow near the village of Krinichky in the South-Eastern Crimea Petrova E.B. Menestratos and Sog (on the problem of King's official in Theodosia in the first centuries AD) Fedoseyev N.F. On the collection of ceramics stamps in Warsaw National Museum Maslennikov A.A. Rural settlements of European Bosporos (Some problems and results of research) Matkovskaya T.A. Men's costume of European Bosporos of the first centuries AD (materials of Kerch lapidarium) Sidorenko V.A. The highest military positions in Bosporos in the 2nd – the beginning of the 4th centuries (on the materials of epigraphies) Zin’ko V.N., Ponomarev L.Yu. Research of early medieval monuments in the neighborhood of Geroevskoye settlement Fleorov V.S. Burnished bowls, dishes, chalices and kubyshki of Khazar Kaghanate Gavrilov A.V. New finds of antique coins in the South-Eastern Crimea Zin’ko V.N. Bosporos City of Nymphaion and the Barbarians Illarioshkina E.N. Gods and heroes of Greek myths in Bosporos gypsum plastics Kulikov A.V. On the problem of the crisis of money circulation in Bosporos in the 3rd century ВС Petrova E.B. On cults of ancient Theodosia Ponomarev D.Yu. Paleopathogeography of kidney stone illness in the Crimea in ancient and Medieval epoch Magomedov B. Cherniakhovskaya culture and Bosporos Niezabitowska V. Collection of things from Kerch and Caucasus in Wroclaw Archaeology Museum 2002 Vol. -
The Beautiful Burial in Roman Egypt
OXFORD STUDIES IN ANCIENT CULTURE AND REPRESENTATION General Editors Simon Price R. R. R. Smith Oliver Taplin OXFORD STUDIES IN ANCIENT CULTURE AND REPRESENTATION Oxford Studies in Ancient Culture and Representation publishes signiWcant inter- disciplinary research into the visual, social, political, and religious cultures of the ancient Mediterranean world. The series includes work which combines diVerent kinds of representations which are usually treated separately. The overarching programme is to integrate images, monuments, texts, performances and rituals with the places, participants, and broader historical environment that gave them meaning. The Beautiful Burial in Roman Egypt Art, Identity, and Funerary Religion CHRISTINA RIGGS 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With oYces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York © Christina Riggs 2005 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. -
A Comparative Study of Ancient Greek City Walls in North-Western Black Sea During the Classical and Hellenistic Times
INTERNATIONAL HELLENIC UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES MA IN BLACK SEA CULTURAL STUDIES A comparative study of ancient Greek city walls in North-Western Black Sea during the Classical and Hellenistic times Thessaloniki, 2011 Supervisor’s name: Professor Akamatis Ioannis Student’s name: Fantsoudi Fotini Id number:2201100018 Abstract Greek presence in the North Western Black Sea Coast is a fact proven by literary texts, epigraphical data and extensive archaeological remains. The latter in particular are the most indicative for the presence of walls in the area and through their craftsmanship and techniques being used one can closely relate these defensive structures to the walls in Asia Minor and the Greek mainland. The area examined in this paper, lies from ancient Apollonia Pontica on the Bulgarian coast and clockwise to Kerch Peninsula.When establishing in these places, Greeks created emporeia which later on turned into powerful city states. However, in the early years of colonization no walls existed as Greeks were starting from zero and the construction of walls needed large funds. This seems to be one of the reasons for the absence of walls of the Archaic period to which lack comprehensive fieldwork must be added. This is also the reason why the Archaic period is not examined, but rather the Classical and Hellenistic until the Roman conquest. The aim of Greeks when situating the Black Sea was to permanently relocate and to become autonomous from their mother cities. In order to be so, colonizers had to create cities similar to their motherlands. More specifically, they had to build public buildings, among which walls in order to prevent themselves from the indigenous tribes lurking to chase away the strangers from their land. -
Άλλες Ονομασίες Γεωγραφική Θέση Ιστορική Περιοχή Chersonesus T
IΔΡΥΜA ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ Συγγραφή : Kovalenko Sergei (19/12/2007) Για παραπομπή : Kovalenko Sergei , "Chersonesus Taurica (Antiquity)", 2007, Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Εύξεινος Πόντος URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=10741> Chersonesus Taurica (Antiquity) Περίληψη : Chersonesos in the course of its history developed into one of the most important cities of the Northern Black Sea Littoral. It was also distinguished for being the only dorian colony in this area. The written testimony and unearthed epigraphies give information on the city's name, the date of its foundation as well as on population issues and its political organization. On the other hand, archaeological investigations have provided research with evidence concerning economy, religion and urban planning. Άλλες Ονομασίες Γεωγραφική Θέση Crimea, Ukraine. Ιστορική Περιοχή Heracleian Peninsula 1.1 Location The ancient city of Chersonesus is situated on the northern shore of Heracleian peninsula within the boundaries of the modern city of Sevastopol in the south‑western Crimea. It spread over the plateau between the modern bays of Karantinnaya and Pesochnaya. The square plateau is approximately 36 ha and its relief is formed by numerous dried ‑ up river‑beds. The Karantinnaya Bay served as the main harbor of Chersonesus. Its slightly sloping western shore was ideal for dockyards, particularly for repairing and drying up the ships. Chersonesusʹ location was a perfect choice from a military point of view. On the north and the east the city was defended by the sea and there were deep ravines separating Chersonesus from the mainland on the south and the west. Along the ridges of these very ravines the city fortification walls were constructed. -
Roman Art from the Louvre
Roman Art from the Louvre Resource for Educators American Federation of Arts Roman Art from the Louvre Resource for Educators American Federation of Arts Roman Art from the Louvre is organized by the American Federation of Arts and the Musée du Louvre. The exhibition is supported by an indemnity American Federation of Arts 305 East 47th Street, 10th floor from the Federal Council on the Arts and the Humanities. New York, NY 10017 212.988.7700 The AFA is a nonprofit institution that organizes art exhibitions for presen- www.afaweb.org tation in museums around the world, publishes scholarly exhibition cata- logues, and develops educational materials and programs. © 2007 American Federation of Arts All materials included in this resource may be reproduced for educational purposes. Please direct questions about this resource to: Suzanne Elder Burke Director of Education American Federation of Arts 212.988.7700 x226 [email protected] Exhibition Itinerary Indianapolis Museum of Art September 23, 2007–January 6, 2008 Seattle Art Museum February 21–May 11, 2008 Oklahoma City Museum of Art June 19–October 12, 2008 Design/Production: Emily Lessard Front cover: Fragment of a Relief of a Double Suovetaurilia Sacrifice (detail), 1st or 2nd quarter of 1st century A.D. (no. 4) Back cover: Knife Handle in the Shape of a Thracian Gladiator, 2nd half of 1st century A.D. (no. 6) CONTENTS About This Resource 4 Exhibition Overview 5 Ancient Roman Society 6 History of Ancient Rome Government—The Emperor and the Senate Citizenship Non-Citizens—Foreigners, Slaves, and Freedmen Leisure 10 The Baths Roman Theater Circus Maximus The Amphitheater Religion 11 Guide to Roman Gods and Goddesses 13 Guide to Roman Vessel Forms 16 Interesting Facts about Ancient Rome 18 Selected Works of Art 19 1. -
Persian Imperial Policy Behind the Rise and Fall of the Cimmerian Bosporus in the Last Quarter of the Sixth to the Beginning of the Fifth Century BC
Persian Imperial Policy Behind the Rise and Fall of the Cimmerian Bosporus in the Last Quarter of the Sixth to the Beginning of the Fifth Century BC Jens Nieling The aim of the following paper is to recollect arguments for the hypotheses of a substantial Persian interference in the Greek colonies of the Cimmerian Bosporus and that they remained not untouched by Achaemenid policy in western Anatolia. The settlements ought to have been affected positively in their prime in the last quarter of the sixth century, but also harmed during their first major crisis at the beginning of the fifth century and afterwards. A serious break in the tight interrelationship between the Bosporan area and Achaemenid Anatolia occurred through the replacement of the Archaeanactid dynasty, ruling the Cimmerian Bosporus from 480 onwards, in favour of the succeeding Spartocids by an Athenian naval expedition under the command of Pericles in the year 438/437.1 The assumption of a predominant Persian influence to the north of the Caucasus mountains contradicts the still current theory of V. Tolstikov2 and the late Yu.G. Vinogradov,3 who favour instead a major Scythian or local impact as a decisive factor at the Bosporan sites.4 To challenge this traditional posi- tion, this paper will follow the successive stages of architectural development in the central settlement of Pantikapaion on its way to becoming the capital of the region. The argumentation is necessarily based on a parallelization of stratigraphical evidence with historical sources, since decisive archaeological data to support either the Persian or the Scythian hypothesis are few. -
The Chora of Nymphaion (6Th Century BC-6Th Century
The Chora of Nymphaion (6th century BC-6th century AD) Viktor N. Zin’ko The exploration of the rural areas of the European Bosporos has gained in scope over the last decades. Earlier scholars focused on studying particular archaeological sites and an overall reconstruction of the rural territories of the Bosporan poleis as well as on a general understanding of the polis-chora relationship.1 These works did not aim at an in-depth study of the chora of any one particular city-state limited as they were to small-scale excavations of individual settlements. In 1989, the author launched a comprehensive research project on the chora of Nymphaion. A careful examination of archive materials and the results of the surveys revealed an extensive number of previously unknown archaeological sites. The limits of Nymphaion’s rural territory corresponded to natural bor- der-lines (gullies, steep slopes of ridges etc.) impassable to the Barbarian cav- alry. The region has better soils than the rest of the peninsula, namely dark chestnut černozems,2 and the average level of precipitation is 100 mm higher than in other areas.3 The core of the territory was represented by fertile lands, Fig. 1. Map of the Kimmerian Bosporos (hatched – chora of Nymphaion in the 5th century BC; cross‑hatched – chora of Nymphaion in the 4th‑early 3rd centuries BC). 20 Viktor N. Zin’ko stretching from the littoral inland, and bounded to the north and south by two ravines situated 7 km apart. The two ravines originally began at the western extremities of the ancient estuaries (now the Tobečik and Čurubaš Lakes). -
Part 1 Politics & Military
Part 1 Politics & Military ∵ Toni Ñaco del Hoyo and Isaías Arrayás-Morales - 9789004326750 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 10:11:16AM via free access Toni Ñaco del Hoyo and Isaías Arrayás-Morales - 9789004326750 Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 10:11:16AM via free access CHAPTER 1 Rome, Pontus, Thrace and the Military Disintegration of the World Beyond the Hellenistic East Toni Ñaco del Hoyo1 and Isaías Arrayás-Morales The aftermath of the Gracchan crisis was a period of intense turmoil in many regions of Roman domain, East and West, although the loss of historical narra- tives such as those of Polybius and Livy have managed to shadow the scope of the troubles faced by the Republic during this period. Whereas the Cimbrian and Teutonic invasions and some regional conflicts in Sicily, Sardinia, Spain and Gaul kept the Roman armies busy in the West, in the East Macedonia, the Balkans and Asia, things were also extremely unsettled. It is possible to observe how the aftermath of certain dynastic conflicts and the ambitious political programmes endeavoured by some rulers in pursue of hegemonic dreams, as well as the continuous raids of nomadic peoples from beyond the Roman bor- ders, directly agitated the entire region for decades. Specifically, Mithridates VI Eupator king of Pontus and several Thracian kings envisioned Rome’s more active presence in Macedonia and Asia during the final decades of the second century BC as a threat to their military supremacy. Thus far, they had displayed garrisons and colonies, organized looting expeditions and systematically recruited foreign mercenaries for their reinforced armies.