Coronae and - eROSITA & TIGRE — The eROTIG program —

Jan Robrade

Hamburger Sternwarte

TIGRE meeting, Li`ege,13 – 15 June 2018

Team: J.H.M.M. Schmitt, C. Schneider, U. Wolter The eROTIG program - What it’s about?

Besancon model: eROSITA X-ray (all, 0.5-2.0 keV) ns00000 (RASS, Guillout+ 1996) 4 ns00090 ns00180 ns05000 ∼ 0.7 million X-ray stars ns05180 3 ns10000 ns10180 > 50 per deg2 (disk), ∼ 6 per deg2 (poles) ns20000 ns20180 2 ns30000 eROSITA: ns30180 ns50000 ◦ ns50180 1 L2 halo-orbit, FOV = 1.03 ns70000

log N (1/deg^2) ns70180 E = 0.3 − 10.0 keV, ∆ E ∼ 80 eV @1 keV ns90000 HEW = 16/26 ”, on-axis/FOV @1 keV 0

−14 −2 −1 lim. FX ∼ 1 × 10 erg cm s 1 Stellar surface densities at var. galactic lat./lon. detection limit: 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 log S (cts/s) 24 2 LX ≈ 1 × 10 × d (pc) [erg/s] Simulations are based on the Besancon Stellar X-ray population model. Image by J. Robrade.

eROSITA all-sky survey (eRASS) – 4 yr survey / 4 h scan rotation X-ray sampling =⇒ ≈ 8 × 5 × 40 [s] largest stellar X-ray sample in human history use TIGRE for near-simultaneous coverage (Ca ii H+K & IRT, Hα...)

Jan Robrade (Hamburger Sternwarte) eROTIG 14-06-2018 2 / 15 eROTIG strategy Pt.I

Sky focus area

eROSITA – German/Russian data share (50/50) eRO DE (Gal. lon 180-360 deg) + La Luz visibility (Dec: −30 ··· + 70 deg) eRO DE fits to Mexican weather good coverage: Nov.-April average coverage: May/June + Sept./Oct. poor coverage: July/August MWL - visibility distribution ’dilutes’ observations over the

Jan Robrade (Hamburger Sternwarte) eROTIG 14-06-2018 3 / 15 eROTIG strategy Pt.II

Mid-dark - yearly The 9 h strip δ : +40◦, +20◦, 0◦, −20◦ obs: Nov. - May

MWL - 1. May MWL - 1. Nov.

we think ’ecliptic’ (L2 orbit) SRG observes at angles 90 ± 20 deg ≈ 2 × 2 h per day for near-simultaneous observations available additional monitoring easy =⇒ 6 months/yr coverage

Jan Robrade (Hamburger Sternwarte) eROTIG 14-06-2018 4 / 15 eROTIG target selection Pt. I

’Our proposed eROSITA + TIGRE (eROTIG) program primarily addresses the corona--connection (CCC) in cool stars. The target sample is characterized by the following selection criteria and subgroups:’

• X-ray bright stars: RASS detection + counterpart (PSPC > 0.01 cts/s, sep. < 30 ”) • Nearby stars: volume-limited samples of magnetically active stars

◦ B − V < 0.45, sp. types early to mid F, 1.3 − 1.6 M – Hot

◦ B − V = 0.45 − 0.58, sp. types late F to early G, 1.1 − 1.3 M – Big

◦ B − V = 0.58 − 0.77, sp. types early to late G, 0.9 − 1.1 M – Solar friends

◦ B − V = 0.77 − 1.25, sp. types late G to mid K, 0.7 − 0.9 M – Small suns

◦ B − V > 1.25, sp. types late K to early M, 0.5 − 0.7 M – Red

• Joker: Stars of particular interest and/or in eRO RU sky

Jan Robrade (Hamburger Sternwarte) eROTIG 14-06-2018 5 / 15 eROTIG target selection Pt. II

Aim for about 2 visits (sep. few days) at 2-3 seasons (sep. few months)

Large sample required, be realistic...

optically bright (V ≤ 9.5 mag), not too red (B − V ≤ 1.5) Simbad database incl. cuts on binarity, class... ∼ 400 targets, semi-automatic scheduling and analysis test observations started 2017, pre-campaign 2018/02

Hot Big suns Solar friends Small suns Red Joker Size [N] 71 79 140 89 25 ca. 25 D limit [pc] 50/20 50/20 50/30 30/20 30/20 - X-ray frac. 1.0 0.95 0.65 0.75 0.65 ∼ 1.0 T exp [h] 0.19 0.29 0.39 0.5 0.73 typ. 0.4 Table 1: Number of stars, distance cuts (with/without RASS counterpart), RASS detection fraction and average scheduled exposure (per target and visit) for our subsamples.

Jan Robrade (Hamburger Sternwarte) eROTIG 14-06-2018 6 / 15 Science cases

3.0 61 Cyg A (K5) - XMM+TIGRE 0.9 XMM-Newton monitoring ] 2.5

1 0.8

s log L /L = −5.5 X bol 2.0 g r

e 0.7 [ 0 log R = −4.78

7 1.5 HK 2

0 (Hall+2007: −4.76) 1

1.0 0.6 S-index (MW) X L

0.5 0.5 0.0 Robrade+2012 (updated) 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 Time [year] ...so far very few objects only corona-chromosphere-connection activity-rotation-age relations 0 dynamic range: log LX/Lbol ≈ −3 ... − 7, log RHK ≈ −4.2 ... − 5.2 variability studies & activity cycles very different periods and amplitudes

Jan Robrade (Hamburger Sternwarte) eROTIG 14-06-2018 7 / 15 Observational statistics

Archive readout: 2018-06-06, Reduction 3.1 eROTIG data

program target overlap (Act., RV,...) of 5 – 10% external visit-per-target excess of factor 10 and higher use for cross-checks & testing share to maximize science return

Performance

scheduling efficiency looks ok (280 targets with 1+ spectra, ∼ 220 h) estimated exposures overall sufficient (S/N aim) lot’s of data dropouts (TIGRE / B channel failure) & 100 targets affected (about 35 %)

Jan Robrade (Hamburger Sternwarte) eROTIG 14-06-2018 8 / 15 All data: CaII activity

S_MWO vs. S8498

0.2

0.1 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 0.5 R'HKx1e5 vs. S8498+S8542 (zoom) 0.4

0.3

0.2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 S8498 vs. S8542 S8498 vs. S8662x5 0.2 S8542 vs. S8662x5

0.1

0.075 0.100 0.125 0.150 0.175 0.200 0.225 0.250 0.275

S-index vs. R’HK vs. IRT

Jan Robrade (Hamburger Sternwarte) eROTIG 14-06-2018 9 / 15 Sample data - Red

0.40 HP Cnc, CaII H+K

0.35

0.30 0.9 HP Cnc, CaII IRT 8542 0.25 0.8 0.20 Flux [a.u.] 0.15 0.7

0.10 0.6 0.05 Flux [a.u.] 0.00 3920 3930 3940 3950 3960 3970 3980 0.5 Wavelength (Å) 0.4

8520 8530 8540 8550 8560 Wavelength (Å)

HP Cnc (GJ 323 A/B), ’V = 9.41 mag, B − V = 0.98’, 50 min. exp.

0 log LX = 28.8 [erg/s], log LX/Lbol = −3.7, (log RHK = −4.4)

Jan Robrade (Hamburger Sternwarte) eROTIG 14-06-2018 10 / 15 Sample data - Red

0.45

0.40 AN Sex, CaII H+K

0.35

0.30 0.5 AN Sex, CaII IRT 8542 0.25

0.20

Flux [a.u.] 0.4 0.15

0.10 0.3 0.05 Flux [a.u.]

0.00 3920 3930 3940 3950 3960 3970 3980 0.2 Wavelength (Å)

0.1 8520 8530 8540 8550 8560 Wavelength (Å)

AN Sex (GJ 382), V = 9.26 mag, B − V = 1.49, 50 min. exp.

0 log LX = 27.4 [erg/s], log LX/Lbol = −4.8, (log RHK = −4.7)

Jan Robrade (Hamburger Sternwarte) eROTIG 14-06-2018 11 / 15 Sample data - Solar friends

0.8 e Vir, CaII H+K 0.7

0.6

0.5 0.36 e Vir, CaII H+K

0.4 Flux [a.u.] 0.3 0.34

0.2 S MWO 0.1 0.32

0.0 3920 3930 3940 3950 3960 3970 3980 Wavelength (Å) 0.30

0 30 60 90 120 150 Time [d] (MJD-58119)

e Vir (HD 115383), V = 5.22 mag, B − V = 0.59, Texp = 7.5 min. log LX = 29.6 [erg/s], log LX/Lbol = −4.3 0 log RHK = −4.43 (Wright+2004: −4.40, Hall+2007: −4.47)

Jan Robrade (Hamburger Sternwarte) eROTIG 14-06-2018 12 / 15 Sample data - Solar friends

0.8 LW Com, CaII H+K 0.7

0.6

0.5 0.32 LW Com, CaII H+K

0.4 Flux [a.u.] 0.3 0.30

0.2

0.1 S MWO 0.28

0.0 3920 3930 3940 3950 3960 3970 3980 Wavelength (Å) 0.26

0 30 60 90 120 150 Time [d] (MJD-58119)

LW Com (HD 111395), V = 6.29 mag, B − V = 0.69, 15 min. exp.

log LX = 28.5 [erg/s], log LX/Lbol = −5.0 0 log RHK = −4.58 (Wright+2004: −4.58)

Jan Robrade (Hamburger Sternwarte) eROTIG 14-06-2018 13 / 15 Sample data - Solar friends

0.8 61 Vir, CaII H+K 0.7

0.6

0.5 0.18 61 Vir, CaII H+K 0.4 Flux [a.u.] 0.3

0.2 0.16

0.1 S MWO

0.0 3920 3930 3940 3950 3960 3970 3980 Wavelength (Å) 0.14

0 30 60 90 120 150 Time [d] (MJD-58119)

61 Vir (HD 115617), V = 4.74 mag, B − V = 0.70, 5 min. exp.

no RASS @ 9 pc, log LX/Lbol < −6.3 0 log RHK = −5.06 (Wright+2004: −5.04, Hall+2007: −4.93)

Jan Robrade (Hamburger Sternwarte) eROTIG 14-06-2018 14 / 15 eROTIG future

 Check data quality and observing success rate  Review target sample  Implement near-time observation software  Launch SRG/eROSITA: March/April 2019  Add more data + diagnostics  Add more telescopes (e.g. China, Bulgaria)?

 Join us...

Jan Robrade (Hamburger Sternwarte) eROTIG 14-06-2018 15 / 15