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Executive Summary

Following CfJ’s six reports on human rights violations against detainees in Egyptian detention places for the first ten months of 2017 (January and February, March and April, May, June and July, August, September and October)1; Detention Watch project proceeds in this issue to provide an analytical overview of the human rights situation in

Egyptian detention places – formal and informal – during the months of November and December 2017; while holding the authorities accountable of their obligations mandated by law (Egyptian constitution, Egyptian criminal law, and international human rights treaties has signed). The end objective of such periodic reports is to • inform national and international stakeholders of the ongoing conditions inside places of detention, • enable families of victims and detainees to factually establish claims of illegal and inhumane circumstances that are endured, • engage or demand engagement of authorities into a dialogue that can formulate coherent and consistent strategies and legislations that put an end to such violations, • support prevention of impunity of human rights violations in places of detention, • contribute to the transitional justice mechanisms that this country will or might employ at a later stage The methodology of this activity primarily entailed monitoring and observing violations being reported formally and informally on a day-to-day basis. After collecting the primary data, the project team employed the verification tool; a step that is regrettably overlooked by many other human rights organizations reporting in the same field due to difficulties establishing contact, time consumption and risks associated. Authenticating the data collected is a crucial step to safeguard the credibility of the data presented, and to be able to legally hold the violators accountable with proof. Accordingly, it was imperative for Detention Watch to communicate with the families of each detainee who suffered a violation and verify all the information needed. All the gathered data whether monitored or verified were finally compiled in this report with a contextual and statistical analysis; while shedding light on the challenges and limitations handled while working on the material. Key findings that Detention Watch reached can be summarized as follows: • 220 incidents of violations in detention places were monitored in November 2017. In December 2017, 208 incidents of violations were recorded. • Out of those 220 cases in November, an 88% rate of enforced disappearance cases was recorded (193), 5% rate of monitored medical negligence cases (12 cases), 2% rate of extrajudicial killings (5 cases), 2% rate of torture (5 cases), and 2% rate of medical negligence leading to death with 5 cases. • Beheira Governorate is responsible for 31 of the monitored enforced disappearance cases and is followed closely by Sharqia Governorate with 30 reported enforced disappearance incidents.

1our previous reports: https://www.cfjustice.org/portal/category/media/reports

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• Out of 208 cases in December, 89% rate of monitored enforced disappearance (186 cases), 5% for medical negligence violations with 10 cases, 2% medical negligence that led to death with 10 cases, torture and extrajudicial killings have 3 reported cases each amounting to 2% and torture that led to death with 1 reported case at 1% of total reported violations. • Sharqia Governorate has the highest number of enforced disappearance with 46 reported arrests and disappearance (24.7%). Followed by Kafr El-Sheikh with 31 cases (16.6%) • CFJ monitored 23 deaths in detention places in Minya throughout 2017. 18 out of the 23 deaths took place in Minya Maximum Security Prison, and 10 out of those 18 deaths are due to medical negligence. • CFJ documented 48 incidents of violations targeted at 42 detainees across detention places in Egypt in November and December 2017. • Enforced disappearance is the number one violation with a 68.7% of all documented violations. Followed by, medical negligence at 16.6% and torture with a 10.4%, death due to medical negligence and arbitrary detention at 2% each. • Scorpion Prison has the highest number of violations these two months at 4 violations with 8.3% of all documented violations. • 35 out of 42 detainees were subjected to enforced disappearance (83% of all the verified detainees). • In 7 out of the 8 documented medical negligence cases, the detainees are not allowed their medication. • The age group facing the highest number of violations monitored is the youth group (16-30), followed by the middle age group (31-50), then finally the elderly (above 50) • In 86% of the cases (30 out of 35 verified enforced disappearance cases) that suffered enforced disappearance, they were arrested by State Security Officers.

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I.

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The data entry method depended on counting each violation as a single entry. A violation entry would be a violation that affected detainee X in Y detention place and Z time. If one of those variables changed – for example detainee X has been subjected to another violation in the same detention place – then this would be considered a new entry. However, in adding up the totals of the detainees; the count was per detainee and not per violation so as not to fall into any unintended data or analytical amplifications.

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• Terminology

Violations Violations in detention centers vary widely from psychological stress to extrajudicial killing of the detainee. In this month report we are specifically concerned with the following violations that we were able to monitor and verify: 1. Physical Torture 2. Medical Negligence 3. Extrajudicial Killings 4. Physical Torture that led to death 5. Medical negligence that led to death 6. Enforced Disappearance 2 7. Arbitrary Detention

Prisons and Places of Detention After defining violations, the definition of places of detention that this report and project is concerned with, must be made clear with a distinction between formal and informal detention centers. 1. Formal Detention Places In Egypt, Article 1 of Prisons Act No. 396 of 1956 indicates four official types of prisons; Penitentiaries, general prisons, central prisons and special prisons. Other than prisons, there are places of detention defined by the Minister of the Interior in the Resolution No. 5 of 1969, which are linked to the police stations, centers or departments as well as the Criminal Investigation Administrations and their sections wherein prisoners, detainees and those in custody can be held. 2. Informal Detention Places All detention places that are not mentioned in the provisions of the law or the terms of ministerial decrees, where detainees are being hidden, such as the central security forces camps, state security apparatus headquarters and military prisons; are considered to be secret illegal places of detention.

2 For definitions and international interpretations for the rest of violations, kindly refer back to our January-February Detention Watch report

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II. LEGAL FRAMEWORK

An extensive discussion of the legal framework that Egyptian authorities abide/should abide to - according to the Egyptian constitution and international treaties that Egypt signed - is available in our first Detention Watch report. 3 The Legislative Committee of the House of Representatives approved on 17 December 2017 a draft law submitted by the government to amend the law on the prison regulation Article 52, to include the release of prisoners after spending half a period instead of three quarters. The cabinet had approved the bill at its meeting on November 154. The measure is to be applauded and hopefully will lead to less density in prisons. However, due to the vague limitation that restricts release on the detainee not being a risk to national security, those detainees who might otherwise qualify, may remain imprisoned due to arbitrary reasons in the hands of the Prison Warden. Further developments and amendments that took place within the legal framework of prison regulations are discussed in a timely manner in our previous reports.5

III. CASES DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS • Data Monitored Regular day-to-day monitoring by CfJ team (as explained in the methodology) was able to record 220 incidents of violations in detention places during the month of November 2017. While in the month of December 2017, we recorded a total of 208 incidents of violations. November 2017:

Violation Number of reported incidents Enforced Disappearance 193 Medical Negligence 12 Torture 5 Death Due to Medical Negligence 5 Extra-judicial Killing 5 Total 220

Enforced disappearance is this month number one violation taking place inside detention centers in Egypt as is the case with all the previous months in 2017. A total of 193 cases of detainees who were subjected to enforced disappearance was monitored (88% of monitored violations in November 2017). Medical negligence is the second most frequent violation with 12 incidents reported (5% of monitored violations). Then comes extra judicial killing

3 Jan Feb report: https://goo.gl/Wfj76B 4 https://goo.gl/wdViXr 5 our previous reports: https://www.cfjustice.org/portal/category/media/reports

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with 5 reported cases (2% of violations), torture with 5 cases (2% of violations) and medical negligence that led to death with 5 reported cases (2% of violations). Enforced Disappearance:

Governorate Number of Detainees

Assuit 4 12 Beheira 31 3 Dakahlia 1 1 Sharqia 30 Gharbia 11 Fayoum 1 22 Qalyubia 6 Menoufia 21 Minya 1 4 6 1 North Sinai 12 1 Kafr El-Sheikh 17 Unknown Governorate 8 Grand Total 193

Governorate Number of Appearances

Assuit 1 Alexandria 3 Beheira 13 Suez 1 Sharqia 8 Gharbia 1

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Fayoum 1 Cairo 5 Qalyubia 3 Menoufia 16 Beni Suef 1 Port Said 3 North Sinai 1 Qena 1 Kafr El-Sheikh 1 Unknown Governorate 3 Grand Total 62

There are 193 enforced disappearance cases in November 2017 and only 62 out of them appeared so far (32.1% of the enforced disappearance cases appeared). The reported cases are spread across the country in 19 out of 27 Egyptian Governorates. Out of the 62 appearances, 4 of them were declared dead with 2 declared dead in November: 1 in Cairo, 1 in Sharqia and another 2 declared dead in December: 1 in Beni Seuf, 1 in Sharqia. There remain 131 individuals (67.8% of the total number of reported cases) under enforced disappearance whose whereabouts remain unknown. Enforced Disappearance

31 30

22 21 17

12 12 11 8 6 6 4 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 1

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Beheira Governorate is responsible for 31 of the reported cases or 16% of all the cases and is followed closely by Sharqia Governorate with 30 reported enforced disappearance incidents at 15.5% of total reported cases. This is the first month that Behira Governorate recorded more enforced disappearance cases than Sharqia Governorate. Then, Beheira governorate is responsible for 35 of the reported cases or 13% of all cases. Cairo Governorate places third with 22 enforced disappearance cases at 11.3% of all reported cases. Followed closely by Menufia Governorate with 21 reported cases at 10.8% of total cases. Kafr El-Sheikh has 17 reported cases (8.8%), Alexandria and North Sinai both have 12 reported cases (6.2% each) and Gharbia Governorate has 11 cases (5.6%). For 8 of the cases, there was no information reported on the governorate, and for 1 of these cases, the detainee disappeared from a detention place after he was scheduled to be released. Medical Negligence: Detention Place Number of Detainees

Scorpion Prison (Cairo) 4 Abu Zaabal Prison (Qalyubia) 1 Central Security Camp in 10th of Ramadan (Sharqia) 1 Unspecified Wadi Natroun Prison (Cairo) 1 Wadi Natroun 430 Prison (Cairo) 1 Qanater Women Prison (Qalyubia) 1 Shebin El Kom General Prison (Menoufia) 1 Tora Maximum Security 2 Prison (Cairo) 1 Unknown Detention Place 1 Grand Total 12

Geographically, Cairo governorate has the highest number of reported medical negligence violations in detention places due to the Tora Prison Complex and Wadi Natroun Prison Complex.

Physical Torture: There were 5 incidents of torture reported in November 2017 against 2 detainees in Shebin El Kom Prison, 1 detainee in Scorpion Prison and an unspecified number of detainees in Wadi Al Jadid Prison and Zagizag General Prison. The reports of widespread violations and mistreatment against detainees in Zagizag General Prison, including beatings, started in September 2017 and continue in December. Detention Place Number of Detainees

Zagizag General Prison (Sharqia) Unspecified number of detainees Scorpion Prison (Cairo) 1 Al Wadi al Jadid Prison (Al Wadi al Jadid) Unspecified number of detainees Shebin El Kom General Prison (Menoufia) 2

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Grand Total 5

Death in Custody: Detention Place and Governorate Number of Detainees

Zagizag General Prison (Cairo) 1 Qanatar Prison (Qalyubia) 1 Minya Maximum Security Prison (Minya) 3 Mallawi Center Prison (Minya) 1 Mallawi Police Station (Minya) 1 Al Shalal Prison () 1 Grand Total 8

In November 2017, there were 8 reported deaths in custody with alone for 4 deaths. 5 out of the 8 reported deaths were due to medical negligence with the other 3 being deaths due to unspecified reasons. The 3 deaths in custody were reported without additional information as to the cause of death yet, and thus, we didn’t include it within the number of violations, but we do monitor it. Death Due to Medical Negligence: Detention Place Number of Detainees

Zagizag General Prison (Cairo) 1 Qanatar Prison (Qalyubia) 1 Mallawi Center Prison (Minya) 1 Mallawi Police Station (Minya) 1 Al Shalal Prison (Aswan) 1 Grand Total 5

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Highlighted case: The Death of Nubian Human Rights Defender Due to Medical Negligence in Al Shalal Prison: Mohamed Saleh

Sorour Amer (Nubian Tambourines March Case) On September 3, 2017, dozens of Nubian activists participated in a peaceful musical march (Tambourines march) in front of ‘Coca-Cola factory’ in the Corniche area of Aswan, to demand the right of the Nubians to return to their lands, which had been forcefully taken from them by the state, and to announce their rejection of the ‘Republican Decree No. 444 of 2014’ which gave ownership of all the land close to the borders of the republic to the army, even if it already belonged to certain villages or tribes before. One of the areas affected by the decree is the ‘Nuba’ area, where Nubians were dispossessed of their land that became in possession of the army. The activists were staggered by a siege of army and police forces, which dispersed the musical march, through the beating of the demonstrators and activists followed by mass arrests, that left 33 detainees, of which we were able to reach the families of 15 people to document their stories. On the 3 November, other detainees asked for immediate medical help for Mohamed Saleh Sorour Amer, a 58- year-old man who was denied his diabetic medicine by the prison which led him to go on a hunger strike, as he was shouting out of pain. The prison administration, however, didn’t call for an ambulance till next day after his condition worsened. Although Mohamed asked the prison administration many times to allow him access for his diabetes medication, his requests were refused by “Al Shalal” prison administration. Mohamed died on 4 November in “Al Shalal” prison due to respiratory failure because of being in a diabetic coma, in view of the fact, that he was on a hunger strike for four days and hadn’t received proper medical care by the prison administration.

Extrajudicial Killings: Governorate Number of dead Behira 3 Sharqia 1 Cairo 1 Total reported deaths due to extrajudicial killings 5

All 5 men were reportedly subjected to arrest and enforced disappearance for weeks prior to their death.

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December 2017:

Violation type Number of violations Enforced disappearance 186 Medical negligence 10 Medical negligence that led to death 5 Torture 3 Extrajudicial killings 3 Torture that led to Death 1 Total number of reported violations 208

Enforced disappearance is, as with November, the number one violation taking place inside detention centers in Egypt. A total of 186 cases of detainees who were subjected to enforced disappearance was monitored (89% of monitored violations in December 2017). Medical negligence is the second most frequent violation with 10 incidents reported amounting to 5% of monitored violations. Followed by, medical negligence that led to death with 5 reported incidents amounting to 2%. Then, torture and extrajudicial killings have 3 reported cases each amounting to 2% each and torture that led to death with 1 reported case at 1% of total reported violations.

Enforced Disappearance: Governorate Number of Detainees

Sharqia 46 Kafr El-Sheikh 31 Alexandria 16 Unknown Governorate 10

North Sinai 9 Menoufia 8 Cairo 8 Beni Seuf 7 Dakahlia 7 Qalyubia 7 Behira 7 Aswan 7 Damietta 7

Gharbia 5

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Giza 4 Assuit 2 1 Port Said 1 Fayoum 1 1 Minya 1 Grand Total 186

Governorate Number of Appearances

Alexandria 13 Sharqia 11 Kafr El-Sheikh 5 Menoufia 3 Cairo 1 Giza 2 North Sinai 1 Unknown Governorate 1

Damietta 1 Sohag 1 Grand Total 39

186 cases of enforced disappearance were monitored. Out of them, 39 have appeared so far amounting to 20.9% of all monitored cases of enforced disappearance in December 2017. Unlike November, Sharqia Governorate has the highest number of enforced disappearance with 46 reported arrests and disappearance (24.7%). Followed by Kafr El-Sheikh with 31 cases (16.6%) and Alexandria Governorate with 16 cases (8.6%).

Enforced Disappearance

46

31

16 10 98877777754211111

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Enforced Disappearance from Detention Place: Out of the 186, 12 disappeared from a detention place. 6 detainees disappeared from Damietta Center Police Station after they were scheduled for release, and 6 detainees disappeared from an unspecified detention place who were also granted a release order but disappeared. Detention Place Number of Detainees

Damietta Center Police Station (Damietta) 6 Unknown Detention Place 6 Grand Total 12

Medical Negligence:

The CFJ team monitored medical negligence violations in 10 detention places targeted at 8 detainees and many unspecified detainees in Zagizag General Prison and Mansoura Prison. 3 out of the 10 detention places are police stations (informal detention places). Detention Place Number of Detainees

Thani (Second) Mahalla Police Station 1 Zagizag Security Forces Prison 1 Scorpion 2 Prison 1 Thalith (Third) Ismailia Police Station 1 Qanater Prison 1 Dar el Salaam Police Station 1 Mansoura Prison Unspecified number of detainees Zagizag General Prison Unspecified number of detainees Tora Maximum Security 992 Prison (Scorpion Prison 1) 1 Unknown Detention Place 1 Grand Total 10

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Death in custody: In December 2017, CFJ monitored 10 reported deaths in custody. 5 incidents of death were due to medical negligence, 1 death was due to torture and 4 deaths were due to unspecified reasons. 5 out of the 10 deaths happened in Minya Maximum Security Prison with 3 deaths due to medical negligence and 2 due to unspecified reason. Detention Place and Cause of Death Number of Detainees

Minya Maximum Security Prison Total 5 Death Due to Medical Negligence 3 Death Due to Unspecified Reason 2 Awal (First) Aswan Police Station Total 1 Death Due to Medical Negligence 1 Qena General Prison Total 1 Death Due to Medical Negligence 1 Shebin Qanater Police Station Total 1 Torture that Led to Death 1 Borg Al Arab Prison Total 1 Death Due to Medical Negligence 1 Al Nahda Prison Total 1 Death Due to Unspecified Reason 1 Grand Total 10

Physical Torture: Detention Place Number of reported incidents

Tora Investigation Prison (Cairo) 1 Unknown Detention Place 1 female detainee

Central Security Camp in 10th of Ramadan (Sharqia) Unspecified number of detainees Grand Total 3

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Extrajudicial Killings: The CFJ team monitored 3 incidents of extrajudicial killings in Giza Governorate. The 3 men were reportedly arrested and subjected to enforced disappearance prior to their death, same as with November.

Highlighted Case: Death in Detention Places in Minya

In 2017, CFJ monitored 23 deaths in detention places in Minya. 18 out of the 23 deaths took place in Minya Maximum Security Prison, and 10 out of the 18 deaths are due to medical negligence.

Death in Minya Detention Places 11-11-2017 Minya Maximum Security Prison

Death due to unspecified reason 11-3-2017 Minya Maximum Security Prison

Death due to unspecified reason 12-12-2017 Minya Maximum Security Prison

Death due to unspecified reason 14-3-2017 Minya Maximum Security Prison

Death due to unspecified reason 15-11-2017 Minya Maximum Security Prison

Death due to unspecified reason Mallawi Center Prison Death due to medical negligence 15-12-2017 Minya Maximum Security Prison

Death due to medical negligence 15-2-2017 Minya Maximum Security Prison

Death due to unspecified reason 16-11-2017

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Minya Maximum Security Prison

Death due to unspecified reason 1-6-2017 Minya Maximum Security Prison

Death due to medical negligence 18-4-2017 Minya Maximum Security Prison

Death due to medical negligence 20-11-2017 Mallawi Police Station

Death due to medical negligence 21-4-2017 Minya Maximum Security Prison

Death due to medical negligence 2-2-2017 Minya Maximum Security Prison

Death due to medical negligence 24-2-2017 Minya Maximum Security Prison

Death due to medical negligence 24-4-2017 Minya Maximum Security Prison

Death due to medical negligence 25-10-2017 Lyman Minya Prison

Death due to unspecified reason 27-4-2017 Prison

Death due to medical negligence 3-12-2017 Minya Maximum Security Prison

Death due to unspecified reason 7-3-2017 Minya Maximum Security Prison

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Death due to medical negligence 8-12-2017 Minya Maximum Security Prison

Death due to medical negligence 4-1-2017

Minya General Prison Death due to unspecified reason 2-2-2017 Minya Maximum Security Prison Death due to medical negligence

Grand Total: 23 deaths

Data Verified CFJ team verified 48 violation incidents taking place in detention places in Egypt directed against 42 detainees from the monitored cases in November and December 2017. Detention Places Analysis By going through the authenticated data collected through the verification process, we can find that the violations took place in various detention places that can be grouped into the following categories, in order of number of violations (from biggest to smallest): Detention Place Number of Detainees Unknown Detention Place 26 Scorpion Prison 2 General Prison 1 Lyman Tora Prison 1 Tora Prison 1 Al-Wadi Al-Jadid Prison 1 Bandar Mallawi Police Station 1 Nasr city Second Police Station 1 Awal Mahalla al - Kubra Police Station 1 Awal Nasr City Police Station 1 Sibirbay Police Station 1 Al Jamaliya Police Station 1 State Security Premises in Cairo 1 State Security Premises in 1

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Kafr El Sheik Security Directorate 1 Central Security Camp in 1 Grand Total 42

As shown above, CFJ team verified violations that took place in November and December 2017 in 15 known detention places across Egypt. For 26 of the detainees, their detention place is unknown due to them still being under enforced disappearance. Detention Place Type Number of Detainees Unknown 26 Prison 6 Police Station 6 State Security Premises 2 Central Security Forces Camps 1 Security directorate 1 Grand Total 42

Excluding cases in which the detention place is unknown due to the detainee being subjected to enforced disappearance, the prisons category and police station category are the biggest category when it comes to number of detention places where violations took place. There are 6 documented violations in prisons with 14.2% of total number of violations places). Across different governorates and cities, police stations (in 4 different locations) are equal to prison category with 6 documented cases in police stations with a rate of violations of 14.2%. There are 2 documented cases in State Security Premises in Cairo and Shibin El kom with a 4.7% rate. Finally, there is a documented case in Kafr El Sheik Security Directorate and another case in Central Security Camp in Tanta with a 2.3% rate each. CFJ documented 8 incidents of violations against 6 detainees in November and December 2017 in prisons. Medical negligence is the number one violation followed by torture. Documented Violations in Prison Number of Violations Medical Negligence 6 Torture 2 Grand Total 8

Medical negligence is predominantly committed in prisons. 6 out of 8 detainees who suffer medical negligence are imprisoned in prison, 75% of verified medical negligence cases.

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Detention Place Category Number of Detainees Suffering Medical Negligence Prison 6 Police Station 2 Grand Total 8

Torture, on the other hand, was documented in State Security Premises, Police Stations and Prison almost equally.

In one documented case, the torture took place in the detainee’s house during his arrest and in front of his family. Detention Place Category Number of Detainees Suffering Torture State Security Premises 1 Police Station 1

Detainee’s House 1 Prison 2 Grand Total 5

CFJ documented 8 incidents of violations against 6 detainees in Police Stations in November and December 2017. Documented Violations in Police Stations Number of Violations Enforced Disappearance 4 Medical Negligence 2 Torture 1 Medical Negligence that Led to Death 1 Grand Total 8

CFJ documented 48 incidents of violations targeted at 42 detainees across detention places in Egypt. Excluding the numbers of violations for detainees whose whereabouts remain unknown, Scorpion Prison has the highest number of violations these two months at 4 violations with 8.3% of all documented violations. Please note that this list excluded the torture violation that took place in the detainee’s house. Detention Place and Violation Number of Violations Al Jamaliya Police Station Total 1 Enforced Disappearance 1 Al-Wadi Al-Jadid Prison Total 1 Medical Negligence 1 Bandar Mallawi Police Station Total 2 Medical Negligence that Led to Death 1 Medical Negligence 1

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Kafr El Sheik Security Directorate Total 1 Arbitrary Detention 1 Lyman Tora Prison Total 1 Medical Negligence 1 Scorpion Prison Total 4 Medical Negligence 2 Torture 2 Sibirbay Police Station Total 1 Enforced Disappearance 1 State Security Premises in Cairo Total 1 Enforced Disappearance 1 State Security Premises in Shibin El kom Total 2 Torture 1 Enforced Disappearance 1 Tora Prison Total 1 Medical Negligence 1 Unknown Detention Place Total 26 Enforced Disappearance 26 Zagazig General Prison Total 1 Medical Negligence 1 Nasr city Second Police Station Total 1 Enforced Disappearance 1 Awal Nasr City Police Station Total 1 Enforced Disappearance 1 Awal Mahalla al - Kubra Police Station Total 2 Torture 1 Medical Negligence 1 Central security camp in Tanta Total 1 Enforced Disappearance 1 Grand Total 47

A Geographical examination of the detention places’ locations, excluding unknown detention places, shows Cairo Governorate has the highest number of documented violations against detainees, followed by Gharbia.

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Governorates Number of Detainees Cairo 7 Gharbia 3 Monufia 1 Al-Wadi Al-Jadid 1 Sharqia 1 Dakahlia 1 1 Minya 1 Grand Total 16

Violations Analysis 48 incidents of violations targeted at 42 detainees were documented in the months of November and December 2017. Same as the monitored data, enforced disappearance is the number one violation with a 68.7 % of all documented violations. Followed by, medical negligence which constitute 16.6% of total violations. It is followed by torture with a 10.4%. Finally, the CFJ team documented 1 case of death due to medical negligence and 1 case of arbitrary detention which amounts to 2% of verified violations each. Violation Number of Verified Violations Arbitrary detention 1 Enforced Disappearance 33 Torture 5 Medical Negligence 8 Medical Negligence that led to Death 1 Grand Total 48

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Analysis of Specific Violations: Enforced Disappearance: 35 out of 42 detainees were subjected to enforced disappearance (83% of all the verified detainees). Enforced disappearance periods range from 1 to 3 months (77.1 % of verified cases), 1 week to 1 month (20%) and less than a week (2.8 %).

Enforced Disappearances Period Number of Detainees 1 to 3 months 27 1 week to 1 month 7 Less than a week 1 Grand Total 35

Based on our documentation with families of detainees who underwent enforced disappearance and appeared and those who still have not, this is a list of the detention places they were imprisoned in during their enforced disappearance: Detention Place During Enforced Disappearance Number of Detainees Nasr city Second Police Station 1 Unspecified State Security Premises 1 Alexandria Security Directorate 1 State Security Premises at Shibin El kom 1 Central Security Camp in Tanta 1 State Security Premises in Minya 1 Abdeen Police Station 1 Awal Nasr City Police Station 1 State Security Premises in Monufia 1 State Security Premises in Dakahlia 1 Unknown Detention Place 25 Grand Total 35

Out of the 35 detainees in unknown detention places, 25 detainees remain under enforced disappearance and so their detention place is unknown. 6 (or more) different State Security Premises across the country imprisoned detainees under enforced disappearance. 3 police stations imprisoned detainees during periods of their enforced disappearance. Finally, there is 1 case of enforced disappearances documented in Security Forces Camp and 1 in a Security Directorate.

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Medical Negligence:

Detention Place Number of Detainees suffering Medical Negligence Scorpion Prison 2 Tora Prison 1 Awal Mahalla al - Kubra Police Station 1 Al-Wadi Al-Jadid prison 1 Zagazig General Prison 1 Bandar mallawi police station 1 Lyman Torra prison 1 Grand Total 8

As shown above, Scorpion Prison has the highest number of medical negligence cases, same with September and October 2017, with 2 cases (25% of the cases).

Using CFJ’s documentation interviews with the families of detainees and to better understand how medical negligence manifests itself in detention places, we are introducing a new method for observing medical negligence in detention places. We will use three questions to monitor three common aspects of medical negligence: medical examination, diagnose and the availability of medicine. Was a medical examination performed? Was a Medical Examination Performed?

Yes 13%

No 87%

No Yes

In 5 out of the 8 documented medical negligence cases, the detainees were examined. One of the detainee was examined in 2015; however, due to how far back that examination was and the deterioration of his condition requiring another examination, we counted this detainee as a not examined case. Was a Diagnose issued?

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Was a Diagnose issued?

Yes 13%

No 87%

No Yes

In 6 out of the 8 documented medical negligence cases, the detainees and their families don’t know the diagnose of their illness. This illustrates that even if the detainee’s is examined, they may not be even told of them diagnose which makes it impossible for the families to send them medicine. Is Medication Allowed? Is Medication Allowed?

Yes 13%

No 87%

No Yes

In 7 out of the 8 documented medical negligence cases, the detainees are not allowed their medication. The detention place administration may refuse to allow the family to send in medicine or not allow them to receive it from the pharmacy in the detention place.

The 8 Detainees facing medical negligence are from the youngest age category (16 – 30 years old) at 37.5% of total number of detainees suffering medical negligence, and the middle-aged category (31-50) at 37.5%. Followed by those older than 50 with 2 cases at 25%.

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Age Group Number of Detainees 16-30 3 31-50 2 older than 50 3 Grand Total 8

Torture:

When analyzing torture incidents; we were able to identify the youngest age category (16 – 30 years old) again as the age category facing this violation the most, followed closely by the middle age group (31-50). In November- December, Scorpion prison was host to 2 verified torture incidents. 10 out of the 42 detainees were tortured following their arrest (23.8% of total number of detainees). Violation Place Number of Detainees Scorpion Prison 2 Awal Mahalla al - Kubra Police Station 1

Detainee’s house 1 State Security Premises in Shibin El kom 1 Grand Total 5

Age Group Number of Detainees 16 to 30 3 31-50 2 Grand Total 5

Death due to Medical Negligence and Arbitrary Detention: CFJ team documented 1 death due to medical negligence in detention. The team also verified information regarding 1 case of arbitrary detention.

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Demographic Analysis Putting In mind that the data verified cannot measure up as a representative sample, yet it was important to have a deeper consideration with regards to the demographic data of those targeted for arrest and violations. By grouping detainees into different age intervals, the following appears: Age Group Number of Detainees 16 to 30 27 31 to 50 8 older than 50 7 Grand Total 42

As shown above; the most targeted age group is youth during their teenage years and their twenties. This group is followed by the older generation (in their thirties and forties), and then last come the elderly (above 50 years of age).

Arrest and Trial Analysis By grouping the victims according to their arrest and trial circumstances; we were able to find correlations between forces of arrest being the state security officers in 86% of the cases (30 out of 35 verified enforced disappearance cases) and the victims going through enforced disappearances. Enforced disappearance and state Security Arrest

14%

86%

Enforced Disappearance Victims Arrested By State Security Agents Enforced Disappearance Victims Not Arrested By State Security Agents

Only 2 detainees who suffered violations are serving a sentence after their trial is concluded. Most detainees (40 out of 42 detainees or 95.2% of all verified detainee cases) are not serving a sentence but are either in pre-trial detention or their case is before court, but no judgment has been made yet.

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Legal Case Number of Detainees post-trial detention 2 pre-trial detention 40 Grand Total 42

Verified Cases:

Please note this is only a sample of verified cases and not an exhaustive of all 42 verified documentations.

• Name: Abdul Rahman Mohamed Lotfy Abdel Rahman • Age: 62 • Sex: male • Place of Violation: Bandar Mallawi Police Station • Type of Violation: medical negligence that led to death • Case Details: During the trial, the deceased fainted, and his children tried to find the officer how brought him to the trial, but they were told that he was out in a police patrol leaving the deceased for 6 hours

without bearing in mind his poor health condition. The 62 years old deceased was left carelessly for 6 hours unconscious on a wheelchair in a courtroom with poor ventilation and smoke scented air coming from police officers and other smokers in the court room where he eventually died. After six hours of leaving the deceased without any medical care despite his condition, the ambulance

finally arrived to deliver him to Minya public hospital already dead.

• Name: Nady Abdo Hussein Faraj • Age: 55 • Sex: male • Place of Violation: unknown • Type of Violation: enforced disappearance • Case Details: On 19 November 2017, at 1 p.m. Mr. Nady was arrested in the gate of the Alexandria-Cairo Desert Road by a Police force and National Security Agents. He has not been seen since.

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• Name: Amr Nady Abdo Hussein Faraj • Age: 20 • Sex: male • Place of Violation: unknown • Type of Violation: enforced disappearance • Case Details: On 20 November 2017, at 11:30 a.m., two men in civilian clothes with a police vehicle arrested Amr without a warrant. According to a witness, one of the men stood in front of him, and the other went

behind Amr, gripped him, aimed his gun at Amr’s face and told him to get into the police car. He has not been seen since.

• Name: Ahmed Hamouda Mohamed Hamouda El Sakhawy • Age: 22 • Sex: male • Place of Violation: Scorpion Prison and another unknown detention place • Type of Violation: medical negligence and torture • Case Details: Ahmed was arrested on 25 September 2017 and subjected to enforced disappearance until 20 October 2017. During that time, he was tortured by National Security Agents. Currently, his life is threatened as he is imprisoned in a cell in Scorpion Prison with 2 other detainees who are reportedly affiliated with ISIS. The 2 detainees beat and harass him constantly and attempted to kill him with a brick while he was sleeping. They threatened the prison officer that they will kill him if he moves Mr. Ahmed to a different cell, and his pleas with the prosecutor to relocate him from Scorpion Prison went answered. During his appearance before the prosecution, Mr. Ahmed attempted to kill himself with by cutting his wrist but was stopped. No investigation has been opened in the torture allegations, no treatment was received, and he remains imprisoned with the 2 detainees who threaten to kill him.

• Name: Anas Ahmed Khalifi Ahmadi • Age: 31 • Sex: male • Place of Violation: Scorpion Prison • Type of Violation: medical negligence • Case Details: He suffered through torture and enforced disappearance following his arrest. Since his arrest, his family has only visited him four times. Most of the time, the prison administration in Scorpion Prison

don’t allow him any visits. Currently, Mr. Anas is suffering from diabetes, hydrocephalus, low blood pressure and undiagnosed eye problem. He has not been adequately examined or treated since his arrest.

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• Name: Hossam Ahmed Abdel Moneim Mohamed El Wakil • Age: 29 • Sex: male • Place of Violation: unknown • Type of Violation: enforced disappearance

• Case Details: On 30 December 2017, after midnight, Mr. Hossam’s house was raided and searched by Security Forces, National Security agents and Police. Mr. Hossam worked as a reporter and journalist and

hasn’t been seen since his arrest

• Name: Reda Saber Abdel Samee Atieh • Age: 51 • Sex: male • Place of Violation: Lyman Tora prison • Type of Violation: medical negligence • Case Details: The detainee suffers from insufficiency of heart functions with 25% and needs cardiac

catheterization; also, it’s possible that he has a virus-c infection from the lack of sanitation at the prison. His family filled for several requests, but they were told to go through a lengthy process although the

detainee’s condition can’t stand any delay.

• Name: Farid Al Saeed Hassan Balha • Age: 29 • Sex: male • Place of Violation: Awal Mahalla al - Kubra Police Station • Type of Violation: medical negligence • Case Details: The detainee has Schizophrenia and showed apparent symptoms of Psychosis, yet he was

beaten by police officer and informants at Awal Mahalla al – Kubra police department. He was medically examined by a doctor under the Prosecutor’s request however; he has no access to medications which worsened his mental condition.

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• Name: Ahmed Mahmoud Mohamed Mohamed Arafat • Age: 22 • Sex: male • Place of Violation: currently unknown, previously in Awal Nasr City Police Station • Type of Violation: enforced disappearance • Case Details: On 29 November 2017, he was arrested from the student housing building in the 10th Neighborhood in Nasr City in Cairo Governorate. 3 students who were arrested with him were released and stated that they were detained in Awal Nasr City Police Station. It is unknown where he is currently detained.

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