Methodology for Using Origami in Designing Deployable Shelters 1- T.A./Samar Hossam ElDin Ahmed Abd ElWadoud 2- Asso.Prof.Dr./Ahmed Samir Kamel Ali, 3- Prof.Dr./ Wael Raafat Mahmoud Helal 1) Teaching Assistant, at Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University, Egypt. 2) Associate Professor, at Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University, Egypt. 3) Professor of Environmental Design, at Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University, Egypt. KEYWORDS: ABSTRACT: Deployment, Geometry of Origami the ancient art of paper folding has a great effect now, Folding, Origami, Generative not only on form generation process but also in the development Design. of deployable mechanisms and mimicking the folding systems in nature especially with the great progress in the geometry of folding and computer simulation of the folding process. So, it gains a great interest in the field of adaptive architecture, designing open spaces and product design, as it is a source of inspiration for designing configurable structures useful for shed systems that can adapt with the changing in the surrounding climate conditions, people’s needs and other surrounding environmental changeable conditions. Also, in the design of deployable products that could be packed easily in small spaces and get deployed when needed to save space and solve the contemporary problems of small multi-functional spaces. In this research, we try to suggest a methodology for designers to get benefit from this art in there designing process, depending on four main sections which are, literature review on the pioneers of this art, the basics of the geometry of folding, computer programs that help in simulating the process of folding and finally methods of fabrication of foldable structures. In the preview of previous stud- ies in the field of architecture, analysis has been done with param- eters of, static or dynamic, materials and type of folding lines, type of actuator in kinematic ones, and modularity. 38 Volume 1, Issue 2, june 2020 INTRODUCTION: get inspired by origami in their work? The problem Multidiscipline research now became the key to most is that there is a need for a methodology for designers of the innovations. And the continuous progress in to apply origami in design. In these research we are new technologies whether in computer software or trying to suggest a multidisciplinary methodology for fabrication methods and materials, has a great effect using origami in the design of deployable shelters, to on the emergence of multidiscipline methodologies in find their way easily in the designing process Which design and applied arts. As these progress in comput- consists of four main points, firstly a quick survey on er software helped a lot in the cooperation between origami its beginning, its pioneers and their contribu- many disciplines and blend the boundaries between tions and analysis of selected works inspired by ori- them, the computer then becomes a generator of the gami in different fields (architecture, interior design design ideas and applied products not just a simulator. and product design. Secondly discussing most com- And one of the arts that has great results as a genera- mon origami terms, folds, and folding patterns. Third tive technique for new designs is origami. Tradition- point: computer programs that specialized in origami ally, the term origami has been primarily associated designs. And finally, the fourth one about fabrication with the ancient art of folding paper. The word ori- techniques for foldable design. gami comes from the Japanese roots oru mean- ing folding, and kami meaning paper (1 p. 1). 1. Literature review There is a variety of research recently that is using It is important to give a look at previous achievements origami as a generative technique for new designs. to widen your knowledge and imagination about what But what are the steps should the designers take to could origami do in design and how. 1.1. History of Origami & its Pioneers an important role in the English-speaking world is the “origami” comes from the Japanese language. It is British Origami Society, found in 1967 (3 pp. 167- a combination of “Oru” which means “Fold”, and 168). “Kami”, which means “paper”. While origami was 1.1.1. Akira Yoshizawa: (1911-2005) popular in Japan, its origins are believed to be pre-Jap- Akira Yoshizawa, regarded as the father of modern anese with the invention of paper itself. Paper, in turn, origami, is a Japanese artist revived the ancient Jap- is believed to have been invented in China in 105A.D. anese craft of origami. He used his geometric skills, So, it is generally believed to have begun in China, precise technique and fine design concepts to create Korea, and/or Japan. amazing dragons, birds, and elephants from a single The spread of origami through the world in the twen- sheet of paper. He rejects the traditional technique tieth century is often attributed to the influence of the of cutting, which rendered flat creations and invent- origami artist Akira Yoshizawa (1911-2005), who in- ed a system, directions for folding called (Yoshizawa troduced the origami notational system of dotted lines Randlett System) still widely cited in origami primers and arrows in his book in 1954 that remains in use (4) Accessed: 30/12/2019. His most significant works today with slight modifications. Lillian Oppenheimer are discussed in the book (5) (1898-1992) played a main role in popularizing origa- mi in the united states. She formed the origami cen- ter in New York in 1958, which developed into THE FRIEND OF THE ORIGAMI Center of America in 1980, which became ORIGAMI USA (2) in 1994, parallel developments in other countries led to the eventual formation of origami societies in nearly ev- ery country throughout the world; one that has played Figure 1:Akira Yoshizawa, at the Institute of Japanese culture, Rome (5 p. 19) 39 مجلد 1 ، عدد2، يونيو 2020 Recently origami has taken off to new heights and ac- origami and its connections to mathematics, science, complished amazing technical and artistic feats. It’s and technology, and teaches workshops on both artis- believed that the great advance in origami design has tic techniques and applications of folding in industri- been stimulated by a growing mathematical and com- al design. He has been one of the few Western col- putational understanding of origami (3 p. 168). umnists for ORIGAMI TANTEIDAN Magazine, the Many books about origami are discussing step by step journal of the JAPAN ORIGAMI ACADEMIC SOCI- techniques for making origami designs (5), (6), and ETY, and has presented refereed and invited technical many others. Great examples of techniques for ‘paper papers on origami-math on mathematics and comput- folding’ invitation cards and brochures are found in a er science professional meetings. He has consulted book titled ‘Encyclopedia of Paper-Folding Designs’ on applications of origami to engineering problems (7). ranging from air-bag design to expandable space tele- Pioneers in computational origami such as Koryo Mi- scopes. He is the author or co-author of twenty-one ura, Robert Lang, Erik Demaine and Tomohiro Tachi books and numerous articles on origami art and de- clarify that the principles of folding two-dimensional sign and in 2011 was elected an Honorary Member sheets into three-dimensional forms can lead to solu- of the BRITISH ORIGAMI SOCIETY (11) Accessed: tions in both art and practical engineering (1 p. vii). 30/12/2019. 1.1.2. Koryo Miura: 1930 (age 89 years) Japanese astrophysicist who invented a system which allows a sheet of paper to be folded and re-folded eas- ily by pulling or pushing the two opposite ends of the material (8 p. 117) which was named “Miura-Ori” for its inventor, it is one of the most well-known and well-studied folds in origami. It is a pattern of creases forms a tessellation of parallelograms, and the whole structure collapses and unfolds in a single motion (9) Accessed: 30/12/2019. Koryo Miura has a book that will be published on February 2020 titled “Forms and Concepts for Lightweight Structures” co-authored with Sergio Pellegrino (10) Accessed: 30/12/2019. Figure 3: (a) Robert J. Lang, 1.1.4. Eric D. Demaine: 1981 (age 38 years) Is a professor of computer science at MIT, born in Figure 2: Koryo Miura 1981, his research interests range throughout algo- rithms, from data structures for improving web search- 1.1.3. Robert J. Lang: 1961 (age 58 years) es to the geometry of understanding how proteins fold Is recognized as one of the world’s leading mas- to the computational difficulty of playing games. He ters of origami and a pioneer of the kind of origami co-wrote a book about the theory of folding titled that is using math and engineering principles to fold “Geometric folding Algorithm’, and a book about the mind-blowing complicated designs that are beautiful computational complexity of games “Games, Puzzles and, sometimes, very useful. He lectures widely on and Computation” (12) Accessed: 30/12/2019. 40 Volume 1, Issue 2, june 2020 Figure 4: Eric D. Demaine. Figure 5: Tomohiro Tachi, and “Origamizer” on the computer 1.1.5. Tomohiro Tachi: 1982 (age 37 years) screen developed by him (15) Accessed: 30/12/2019 Is an associate professor, born 1982, (13) Accessed: phology Group in IASS. (14) Accessed: 30/12/2019 30/12/2019 received his M.S. and Ph.D. in engineer- In 2017, Tomohiro Tachi has collaborated with Erik ing from the University of Tokyo. He has been de- Demaine to prove that any polyhedron can be folded signing origami since 2002 and exploring spatial and kinematic origami through computation. He devel- from a sheet of paper through an improved algorithm oped various software tools for origami design such of Origamizer.