DOCSLIB.ORG

Heavy Metals in Colorado and Chinese Oil Shale Semicoke: Disposal Issues, Impediments to Byproduct Conversion † ‡ Beatriz Datangel and Jillian L

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Heavy Metals in Colorado and Chinese Oil Shale Semicoke: Disposal Issues, Impediments to Byproduct Conversion † ‡ Beatriz Datangel and Jillian L ARTICLE pubs.acs.org/EF Heavy Metals in Colorado and Chinese Oil Shale Semicoke: Disposal Issues, Impediments to Byproduct Conversion † ‡ Beatriz Datangel and Jillian L. Goldfarb*, † Department of Chemistry, Simmons College, 300 The Fenway, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States ‡ Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, 33 Academic Way, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States ABSTRACT: Oil shale, a fine-grained sedimentary rock, contains a proportionally large amount of kerogen, which can be converted into oil by thermal degradation of the compacted rock. The primary byproduct of current oil shale oil extraction processes is semicoke. Its landfill deposition presents a possible threat to the environment and represents a waste of a potentially useable byproduct. In this work, we explore the heavy metal content of oil shale semicoke pyrolyzed at 500 and 1000 °C to better understand the risks posed by disposal of oil shale processing waste on the nearby environment, as well as impediments to potential byproduct conversion. The greatest potential obstruction to byproduct conversion and the greatest environmental risk posed by open air disposal of oil shale semicoke is likely due to relatively high arsenic concentrations; using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, we find arsenic concentrations in semicoke (pyrolyzed at 500 °C) ranging from 25 ppm for Chinese oil shale from the Huadian mine (class C) to 79 ppm for Green River, Colorado, 50 gallons per ton (GPT) of oil shale. Other heavy metal elements analyzed, including barium, copper, lead, manganese, and iron, are well below the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) regional screening limits. 1. INTRODUCTION are electricity generation by power stations and oil production.5 Over the past several decades, concerns over dwindling fossil Electricity production generates ash as the primary waste, a silica- fuel resources have prompted a surge in research and develop- based powder with little to no volatile organics present, as the ment of alternative energy technologies. Although scientists, compacted rock is burned directly in a combustion chamber. Oil politicians, and ordinary citizens alike agree with the need to extraction from oil shale creates semicoke as a byproduct via develop new energy generation technologies, the choice among pyrolysis of the shale rock to extract the oil. In this scenario, the fi rock is compacted to increase the available surface area (to speci c alternative energy sources available is a hot topic for ° debate. In North America, where tar sand and oil shale deposits increase oil yield) and heated upward of 500 C under an inert are vast, experimentation is ongoing in the areas of alternative gas to prevent oxidation and combustion of the fuel while fossil fuels. Oil shale is a low-grade solid fuel with high ash extracting the oil. The oil yield primarily depends upon the content. A fine-grained sedimentary rock, oil shale contains a amount of kerogen originally present in the shale, as well as the proportionally large amount of kerogen, which can be converted pyrolysis temperature. Whereas ash from electricity generation into oil by thermal degradation of the compacted rock. has low carbon content (less than 0.1% by mass of solid Worldwide deposits of oil in shale are estimated at upward of material), semicoke has a relatively high amount of organic 2.8 trillion barrels of recoverable oil.1,2 Historically, the cost of oil char present, depending upon the aforementioned shale and produced from oil shale is markedly higher than that of conven- extraction conditions. tional oil processes, such as drilling, and this has inhibited Previous work shows that oil shale semicokes have relatively high overall surface areas despite a 2À18% organic char fraction countries, such as Australia and the United States, from devel- fi 2 À1 oping an oil shale industry.3 Interest in oil shale in the United (and thus have high speci c surface areas, upward of 300 m g , unactivated), leading us to posit a potential use of oil shale States was piqued in the 1970s when the price of oil peaked. 6 However, when oil prices fell, research toward oil production semicoke as a sorbent material. Similar to conventional fossil from shale markedly decreased. However, with oil prices once fuels, oil shale is a mixture of inorganic and organic compounds again setting record highs, oil shale is back at the forefront of formed during prehistoric times. It is these inorganic compounds many discussions as a stopgap fossil fuel source between our that lead us to question whether heavy metals present in the oil reliance on the pipelines of the Middle East and a renewable shale rock remain within the semicoke after processing. This is a potential impediment to using the semicoke as an in situ sorbent. energy future. ffi There are several barriers to commercial use of oil shale as a If there are a su cient amount of metals present, the semicoke domestic source for oil. These include overcoming process water may require extensive pretreatment and nullify the byproduct requirements and ground swelling issues, long-term stability of the manufactured oil, and dealing with the veritable mountains Received: April 25, 2011 of oil shale semicoke produced.4,5 This paper addresses the Revised: June 27, 2011 latter issue. The two primary utilization pathways for oil shale Published: June 29, 2011 r 2011 American Chemical Society 3522 dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef2006386 | Energy Fuels 2011, 25, 3522–3529 Energy & Fuels ARTICLE conversion benefits of disposal cost reduction and environmental and 1000 °C, monitored with an Omega type K thermocouple directly mitigation. The presence of heavy metals represents a potential above the sample accurate to (0.5 K under a helium flow of approxi- À issue to the open-air disposal of the semicoke, because these mately 300 cm3 min 1 in a porcelain crucible. The mass loss from the metals could leach into groundwater and transport through the pyrolysis procedure is attributed mostly to the removal of volatile matter environment. Fathoni et al. note that issues of semicoke storage (kerogen) and then, to a lesser extent, water removal and the decom- and disposal surpass concerns over the stability of extracted oil.4 position of calcite and dolomite in the mineral portion of the shale. The By investigating a variety of oil shale semicoke samples from Colorado 50 GPT and Chinese Maoming mine class A samples were also China and the United States, we probe the feasibility of waste-to- heated in an oxidative environment to yield 100% ash burnoff samples fi byproduct conversion of semicoke, as well as storage and disposal for testing to mimic the waste produced from ring or co-combusting oil shale and semicoke (because of sample size limitations, we could only issues because of entrained heavy metals as a function of the shale ff origin and pyrolysis temperature. perform the 100% burno for these two samples). Organic char contents and BrunauerÀEmmettÀTeller (BET) surface areas of samples pyro- Prior studies document the presence of heavy metals in oil ° 6 shale fly ash. In some parts of China, for example, studies lyzed at 500 and 1000 C are reported in previous work. 2.2. X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Measurements. demonstrate an accumulation of lead, cadmium, zinc, thallium, A Thermo barium, and arsenic in oil shale flyash.7 These metals are human Fisher Scientific Niton Hand-held XL3t XRF analysis instrument was used to characterize the presence of metals. Because each element has a carcinogens and are categorized by the United States Environ- distinct set of energy levels, it emits X-rays at a unique set of energies. mental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) as priority heavy metals ff The set of energies allows the instrument to measure the elemental because of their toxic e ects on humans. As a result of open composition of a sample. XRF spectroscopy is rapid and does not disposal, large quantities of heavy metals could enter water damage or alter the sample, making it a preferred method for a variety of reserves, be it groundwater or surface water, and deteriorate applications, such as metal and alloy analysis, mining and geochemical the quality of the environment. Metal compounds change their exploration, art and archeology, and quality control of consumer goods. phases rather than break down and can be transported by air or Environmental applications specifically pertain to soil, dust, air filters, ff 7 11 land to water through seepage and runo from the sediment. As and drywall testing. Nei et al. detail, in Estonia, large quantities of cadmium, copper, We programmed the XRF to follow EPA method 6200 for “field zinc, lead, and other metals are present in oil shale waste; these portable XRF spectrometry for the determination of elemental concen- 8 metals enter soil and water compartments as ions. trations in soil and sediment” for both in situ and ex situ soil samples.12 A secondary pollution exposure pathway may exist when This method was employed because it represents the closest in sample working with or prolonged exposure to products like cement, characteristics to the oil shale semicokes. The analytes measured in this which contain a significant fraction of spent fuel to increase the method include the eight Resource Conservation and Recovery Act long-term stability of the cement. Heavy metals present in the oil (RCRA) metals of arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, selenium, shale ash and semicoke must be quantified to model the effects of and silver. The other elements measured using the XRF include exposure on those who use potential byproducts in concrete and molybdenum, strontium, zirconium, rubidium, throium, zinc, copper, other construction materials or spend prolonged time near disposal iron, manganese, vanadium, titanium, scandium, potassium, sulfur, and sites.9,10 The ability to convert the semicoke waste to a useable calcium.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Oil Shale and Tar Sands
    Fundamentals of Materials for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Editors David S. Ginley and David Cahen Oil shale and tar sands James W. Bunger 11 JWBA, Inc., Energy Technology and Engineering, Salt Lake City, UT, USA 11.1 Focus 11.2 Synopsis Tar sands and oil shale are “uncon- Oil shale and tar sands occur in dozens of countries around the world. With in-place ventional” oil resources. Unconven- resources totaling at least 4 trillion barrels (bbl), they exceed the world's remaining tional oil resources are characterized petroleum reserves, which are probably less than 2 trillion bbl. As petroleum becomes by their solid, or near-solid, state harder to produce, oil shale and tar sands are finding economic and thermodynamic under reservoir conditions, which parity with petroleum. Thermodynamic parity, e.g., similarity in the energy cost requires new, and sometimes of producing energy, is a key indicator of economic competitiveness. unproven, technology for their Oil is being produced on a large commercial scale by Canada from tar sands, recovery. For tar sands the hydrocar- and to a lesser extent by Venezuela. The USA now imports well over 2 million barrels bon is a highly viscous bitumen; for of oil per day from Canada, the majority of which is produced from tar sands. oil shale, it is a solid hydrocarbon Production of oil from oil shale is occurring in Estonia, China, and Brazil albeit on called “kerogen.” Unconventional smaller scales. Importantly, the USA is the largest holder of oil-shale resources. oil resources are found in greater For that reason alone, and because of the growing need for imports in the USA, quantities than conventional petrol- oil shale will receive greater development attention as petroleum supplies dwindle.
    [Show full text]
  • Secure Fuels from Domestic Resources ______Profiles of Companies Engaged in Domestic Oil Shale and Tar Sands Resource and Technology Development
    5th Edition Secure Fuels from Domestic Resources ______________________________________________________________________________ Profiles of Companies Engaged in Domestic Oil Shale and Tar Sands Resource and Technology Development Prepared by INTEK, Inc. For the U.S. Department of Energy • Office of Petroleum Reserves Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves Fifth Edition: September 2011 Note to Readers Regarding the Revised Edition (September 2011) This report was originally prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy in June 2007. The report and its contents have since been revised and updated to reflect changes and progress that have occurred in the domestic oil shale and tar sands industries since the first release and to include profiles of additional companies engaged in oil shale and tar sands resource and technology development. Each of the companies profiled in the original report has been extended the opportunity to update its profile to reflect progress, current activities and future plans. Acknowledgements This report was prepared by INTEK, Inc. for the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Petroleum Reserves, Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves (DOE/NPOSR) as a part of the AOC Petroleum Support Services, LLC (AOC- PSS) Contract Number DE-FE0000175 (Task 30). Mr. Khosrow Biglarbigi of INTEK, Inc. served as the Project Manager. AOC-PSS and INTEK, Inc. wish to acknowledge the efforts of representatives of the companies that provided information, drafted revised or reviewed company profiles, or addressed technical issues associated with their companies, technologies, and project efforts. Special recognition is also due to those who directly performed the work on this report. Mr. Peter M. Crawford, Director at INTEK, Inc., served as the principal author of the report.
    [Show full text]
  • The Shale Revolution and the Dynamics of the Oil Market
    The Shale Revolution and the Dynamics of the Oil Market Nathan S. Balke, Xin Jin and Mine Yücel Working Paper 2021 June 2020 Research Department https://doi.org/10.24149/wp2021 Working papers from the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas are preliminary drafts circulated for professional comment. The views in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas or the Federal Reserve System. Any errors or omissions are the responsibility of the authors. The Shale Revolution and the Dynamics of the Oil Market* Nathan S. Balke†, Xin Jin‡ and Mine Yücel§ June 17, 2020 Abstract We build and estimate a dynamic, structural model of the world oil market in order to quantify the impact of the shale revolution. We model the shale revolution as a dramatic decrease in shale production costs and explore how the resultant increase in shale production affects the level and volatility of oil prices over our sample. We find that oil prices in 2018 would have been roughly 36% higher had the shale revolution not occurred and that the shale revolution implies a reduction in current oil price volatility around 25% and a decline in long-run volatility of over 50%. JEL Classification: Q41, C32 Keywords: oil price, shale, OPEC * The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas or the Federal Reserve System. †Nathan S. Balke, Southern Methodist University & Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, [email protected]. ‡Xin Jin, University of Aberdeen, [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • The US Shale Oil Boom, the Oil Export Ban, and the Economy
    NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE U.S. SHALE OIL BOOM, THE OIL EXPORT BAN, AND THE ECONOMY: A GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS Nida Çakir Melek Michael Plante Mine K. Yücel Working Paper 23818 http://www.nber.org/papers/w23818 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 September 2017 For helpful comments and suggestions we thank Nathan Balke, Michael Sposi, Kei-Mu Yi as well as participants of the USAEE 2015 and 2016 conferences, the 2015 NBER Meeting on Hydrocarbon Infrastructure, the 2015 Southern Economic Association Meeting, the 2016 IAEE conference, the 2016 Federal Reserve System Energy Meeting, the 2017 Georgetown Center for Economic Research Biennial Conference, the 2017 IAAE conference in Japan, the 2017 NBER Transporting Hydrocarbons and Economics of Energy Markets Meetings, and the seminar participants at the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. This paper is part of the NBER Hydrocarbon Infrastructure Research Initiative supported by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Navi Dhaliwal, Ruiyang Hu and Elena Ojeda provided excellent research assistance. This paper was previously circulated under the title “A macroeconomic analysis of lifting the U.S. crude oil export ban.” The views expressed herein are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, the Federal Reserve System, or the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peer-reviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications.
    [Show full text]
  • Origin and Resources of World Oil Shale Deposits - John R
    COAL, OIL SHALE, NATURAL BITUMEN, HEAVY OIL AND PEAT – Vol. II - Origin and Resources of World Oil Shale Deposits - John R. Dyni ORIGIN AND RESOURCES OF WORLD OIL SHALE DEPOSITS John R. Dyni US Geological Survey, Denver, USA Keywords: Algae, Alum Shale, Australia, bacteria, bitumen, bituminite, Botryococcus, Brazil, Canada, cannel coal, China, depositional environments, destructive distillation, Devonian oil shale, Estonia, Fischer assay, Fushun deposit, Green River Formation, hydroretorting, Iratí Formation, Israel, Jordan, kukersite, lamosite, Maoming deposit, marinite, metals, mineralogy, oil shale, origin of oil shale, types of oil shale, organic matter, retort, Russia, solid hydrocarbons, sulfate reduction, Sweden, tasmanite, Tasmanites, thermal maturity, torbanite, uranium, world resources. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Definition of Oil Shale 3. Origin of Organic Matter 4. Oil Shale Types 5. Thermal Maturity 6. Recoverable Resources 7. Determining the Grade of Oil Shale 8. Resource Evaluation 9. Descriptions of Selected Deposits 9.1 Australia 9.2 Brazil 9.2.1 Paraiba Valley 9.2.2 Irati Formation 9.3 Canada 9.4 China 9.4.1 Fushun 9.4.2 Maoming 9.5 Estonia 9.6 Israel 9.7 Jordan 9.8 Russia 9.9 SwedenUNESCO – EOLSS 9.10 United States 9.10.1 Green RiverSAMPLE Formation CHAPTERS 9.10.2 Eastern Devonian Oil Shale 10. World Resources 11. Future of Oil Shale Acknowledgments Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) COAL, OIL SHALE, NATURAL BITUMEN, HEAVY OIL AND PEAT – Vol. II - Origin and Resources of World Oil Shale Deposits - John R. Dyni Oil shale is a fine-grained organic-rich sedimentary rock that can produce substantial amounts of oil and combustible gas upon destructive distillation.
    [Show full text]
  • Oil Shale Development in the United States: Prospects and Policy Issues
    INFRASTRUCTURE, SAFETY, AND ENVIRONMENT THE ARTS This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as CHILD POLICY a public service of the RAND Corporation. CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION Jump down to document ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT 6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research NATIONAL SECURITY organization providing objective analysis and POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY effective solutions that address the challenges facing SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY the public and private sectors around the world. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND Support RAND INFRASTRUCTURE Purchase this document WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND monographs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. Oil Shale Development in the United States Prospects and Policy Issues James T. Bartis, Tom LaTourrette, Lloyd Dixon, D.J. Peterson, Gary Cecchine Prepared for the National Energy Technology Laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy The research described in this report was conducted within RAND Infrastructure, Safety, and Environment (ISE), a division of the RAND Corporation, for the National Energy Technology Laboratory of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of U.S. Shale Oil Revolution on the Global Oil Market, the Price of Oil & Peak Oil by Mamdouh G
    International Association for Energy Economics | 27 Impact of U.S. Shale Oil Revolution on the Global Oil Market, the Price of Oil & Peak Oil By Mamdouh G. Salameh* Introduction Much has been written about the United States shale oil revolution. Some sources like the Internation- al Energy Agency (IEA) went as far as to predict that the United States will overtake Saudi Arabia and Russia to become the world’s biggest oil producer by 2020 and energy self-sufficient by 2030.1 Others called it a game changer with a new emerging balance of power in the global oil market. Yet others were in such a state of euphoria about the success of American shale oil production to say that it may deny OPEC the power to set global oil prices and that the world oil industry won’t be the same in the wake of shale. Some also claimed that the idea of peak oil had gone in flames. The above claims aside, given recent increases in U.S. shale oil and gas production, it is now clear that these resources might play some role in non-OPEC supply prospects. However, it begs the questions: what is the potential contribution of shale oil to future global oil sup- ply? Will the high development costs, and environmental impacts and challenges affect this potential? And will it be possible to replicate the U.S. success story globally? U.S. shale oil production is projected to increase from about 1 million barrels a day (mbd) in 2012 to 2 mbd in 2020 possibly reaching 3 mbd by 2025.2 However, this increase would hardly offset the normal annual depletion rate of 3%-5% in U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of Shale Gas and Shale Oil Extraction on the Environment and on Human Health
    DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT A: ECONOMIC AND SCIENTIFIC POLICY Impacts of shale gas and shale oil extraction on the environment and on human health STUDY Abstract This study discusses the possible impacts of hydraulic fracturing on the environment and on human health. Quantitative data and qualitative impacts are taken from US experience since shale gas extraction in Europe still is in its infancy, while the USA have more than 40 years of experience already having drilled more than 50,000 wells. Greenhouse gas emissions are also assessed based on a critical review of existing literature and own calculations. European legislation is reviewed with respect to hydraulic fracturing activities and recommendations for further work are given. The potential gas resources and future availability of shale gas is discussed in face of the present conventional gas supply and its probable future development. IP/A/ENVI/ST/2011-07 June 2011 PE 464.425 EN This document was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety AUTHORS Mr Stefan LECHTENBÖHMER, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy Mr Matthias ALTMANN, Ludwig-Bölkow-Systemtechnik GmbH Ms Sofia CAPITO, Ludwig-Bölkow-Systemtechnik GmbH Mr Zsolt MATRA, Ludwig-Bölkow-Systemtechnik GmbH Mr Werner WEINDRORF, Ludwig-Bölkow-Systemtechnik GmbH Mr Werner ZITTEL, Ludwig-Bölkow-Systemtechnik GmbH RESPONSIBLE ADMINISTRATOR Lorenzo VICARIO Policy Department Economic and Scientific Policy European Parliament B-1047 Brussels E-mail: [email protected] LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN Executive summary: DE/FR ABOUT THE EDITOR To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe to its newsletter please write to: [email protected] ___________ Manuscript completed in June 2011.
    [Show full text]
  • The U. S. Fracking Boom: Impacts on Global Oil Prices and OPEC
    IAEE Energy Forum Second Quarter 2018 The U. S. Fracking Boom: Impacts on Global Oil Prices and OPEC By Manuel Frondel, Marco Horvath, Colin Vance After a steady decline spanning several decades, U.S. crude oil production rebounded in 2008 owing to the increased adoption of hydraulic fracturing, a technology otherwise known The authors are with RWI Leibniz Institute as fracking. In conjunction with horizontal drilling and micro-seismic imaging, the use of this for Economic Reserach, technology, originally developed for the exploration of natural gas, allows for tapping into Germany, and can be oil reservoirs that are trapped in shale siltstone and clay stone formations (Maugeri, 2012). reached at: frondel@ Hence, oil extracted on the basis of fracking techniques is commonly referred to as shale oil rwi-essen.de, horvath@ to differentiate it from crude oil obtained by conventional drilling methods. rwi-essen.de, and To date, the only country that permits fracking on a large scale is the U.S. (Kilian, 2017). [email protected]. Many other countries are highly reluctant to employ this technology because of its potentially Financial support by Fritz negative implications for the environment, notably hazards that may arise from water pollution Thyssen and Commerz- and seismic tremors (Jackson et al., 2014). With the beginning of the surge in shale oil produc- bank Foundation is grate- fully acknowledged. tion in late 2008 (Kilian, 2017), U.S. crude oil production steadily increased until the end of 2014, with the share of shale oil in total U.S. production rising from about 6% in January 2000 See footnote at end of text.
    [Show full text]
  • Adoption of Legislation on Shale Gas in France: Hesitation And/Or Progress. Christel Cournil
    Adoption of legislation on shale gas in france: Hesitation and/or progress. Christel Cournil To cite this version: Christel Cournil. Adoption of legislation on shale gas in france: Hesitation and/or progress. Eu- ropean Energy and Environmental Law Review, Kluwer Law International, 2013, 22 (4), pp.141-151. hal-01758898 HAL Id: hal-01758898 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01758898 Submitted on 5 Apr 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Adoption of legislation on shale gas in France: hesitation and/or progress? Christel Cournil Associate Professor of public law at the University Paris 13 (Pres Sorbonne Paris Cité) Member of Iris and associate researcher at the CERAP Summary This paper provides a chronological account of the eventful adoption of France’s first law on shale gas. This governance issue calls into question the implementation of environmental principles, such as the principles of prevention, public information and participation, which were constitutionalized in the 2005 Environmental Charter. The hesitations of the French government illustrate the management difficulties at the state level with regards to new unconventional hydrocarbons that have a particular impact on the environment.
    [Show full text]
  • The Shale Revolution and OPEC Potential Economic Implications of Shale Oil for OPEC and Member Countries
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Southern Methodist University Southern Methodist University SMU Scholar The Larrie and Bobbi Weil Undergraduate Research Central University Libraries Award Documents 2014 The hS ale Revolution and OPEC: Potential Economic Implications of Shale Oil for OPEC and Member Countries Kyle Lemons Southern Methodist University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/weil_ura Part of the Economics Commons Recommended Citation Lemons, Kyle, "The hS ale Revolution and OPEC: Potential Economic Implications of Shale Oil for OPEC and Member Countries" (2014). The Larrie and Bobbi Weil Undergraduate Research Award Documents. 5. https://scholar.smu.edu/weil_ura/5 This document is brought to you for free and open access by the Central University Libraries at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Larrie and Bobbi Weil Undergraduate Research Award Documents by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. The Shale Revolution and OPEC Potential Economic Implications of Shale Oil for OPEC and Member Countries By Kyle Lemons Southern Methodist University Fall, 2013 Table of Contents: I. Introduction II. Methodology and Research Design III. Contextual Framework a. Current Trends in Crude Oil Demand b. Recent History of OPEC i. Export Patterns ii. Market Penetration IV. Shale Oil a. History and Properties of Shale Oil b. Location of Shale Oil Reserves c. Potential of Shale Oil Development V. Current and Prospective Impacts of Shale Oil on Segmented OPEC Market Shares a.
    [Show full text]
  • US Shale: a Game of Choices
    US shale: A game of choices A report by the Deloitte Center for Energy Solutions About the authors John England, a vice chairman at Deloitte LLP, leads Deloitte LLP’s US oil and gas practice and also serves as the audit and enterprise risk services leader for Deloitte & Touche LLP’s US energy and resources industry practice. In these roles, England steers Deloitte’s overall delivery of a broad range of professional services, from technology integration and operational consulting to human capital offerings and tax services, as well as financial advisory offerings and attest services. England is a frequent speaker on energy industry issues and trends, as well as all aspects of energy trading and risk management. England serves on the National Petroleum Council, the Business Department Advisory Board of Stephen F. Austin University, the board of directors for the Southeast Texas chap- ter of the Alzheimer’s Association, and the advisory board of the University of Oklahoma—Price College of Business Energy Institute. Anshu Mittal, of Deloitte Support Services India Pvt. Ltd., is an oil and gas research manager on Deloitte’s Market Insights team. Mittal has more than 10 years of experience in financial analysis and strategic research across all oil and gas subsectors—upstream, midstream, oilfield services, and downstream. Before joining Deloitte in 2005, Mittal worked with Credit Rating Information Services of India Limited (Crisil), a subsidiary of Standard & Poor’s, as a lead industry researcher in petrochemicals and petroleum sectors. His recent Deloitte publications are The rise of the mid- stream—shale reinvigorates midstream growth and Oil & gas reality check 2014.
    [Show full text]