Polyphenols: Extraction Methods, Antioxidative Action, Bioavailability and Anticarcinogenic Effects
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A Comparison of the Production of Polyphenol Contents and the Expression of Genes Involved in Vietnamese Tea Cultivars
International Food Research Journal 26(6): 1781-1788 (December 2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ifrj.upm.edu.my A comparison of the production of polyphenol contents and the expression of genes involved in Vietnamese tea cultivars 1Hoang, T. T. Y., 2Luu, H. L., 2Nguyen, T. L., 3Duong, T. D., 4,5Nguyen, H. D. and 2*Huynh, T. T. H 1Thai Nguyen University of Sciences, Thai Nguyen University, Thai Nguyen Province 24000, Vietnam 2Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam 3Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen University, Thai Nguyen Province 24000, Vietnam 4Advanced Centre for Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Marine Biochemistry, VAST, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam 5University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, VAST, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam Article history Abstract Received: 19 June, 2019 Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a popular health beverage which is consumed all over the world Received in revised form: due to its good aroma and taste. Tea consumption is also considered to reduce the risk of 16 September, 2019 several diseases in humans, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancers. Recent Accepted: 25 September, 2019 studies have shown that polyphenols derived from tea may contribute to the majority of these pharmaceutical properties. Among all the tea polyphenols, catechins are the main components that include (−)-epicatechin (EC), (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (−)-epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG), (+)-catechin (C), (−)-catechin gallate (CG), (−)-gallocatechin (GC), and (−)-gallocatechingallate (GCG). In the present work, four Keywords catechins (C, EGC, ECG, and EGCG) and two anthocyanidins (cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and delphinidin 3-O-glucoside) in two Vietnamese tea cultivars, Trungduxanh and Trungdutim, were Catechin LAR quantitatively detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. -
Raman Imaging of Small Biomolecules
BB48CH15_Min ARjats.cls April 16, 2019 13:8 Annual Review of Biophysics Raman Imaging of Small Biomolecules Yihui Shen, Fanghao Hu, and Wei Min Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Biophys. 2019. 48:347–69 Keywords First published as a Review in Advance on Raman microscopy, small molecule imaging, vibrational tags, lipid March 20, 2019 metabolism, drug imaging The Annual Review of Biophysics is online at biophys.annualreviews.org Abstract Access provided by Columbia University on 06/21/19. For personal use only. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biophys-052118- Imaging techniques greatly facilitate the comprehensive knowledge of Annu. Rev. Biophys. 2019.48:347-369. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org 115500 biological systems. Although imaging methodology for biomacromolecules Copyright © 2019 by Annual Reviews. such as protein and nucleic acids has been long established, micro- All rights reserved scopic techniques and contrast mechanisms are relatively limited for small biomolecules, which are equally important participants in biological pro- cesses. Recent developments in Raman imaging, including both microscopy and tailored vibrational tags, have created exciting opportunities for non- invasive imaging of small biomolecules in living cells, tissues, and organ- isms. Here, we summarize the principle and workflow of small-biomolecule imaging by Raman microscopy. Then, we review recent efforts in imaging, for example, lipids, metabolites, and drugs. The unique advantage of Raman imaging has been manifested in a variety of applications that have provided novel biological insights. 347 BB48CH15_Min ARjats.cls April 16, 2019 13:8 Contents THENEEDFORIMAGINGSMALLBIOMOLECULES........................ 348 IMAGINGSMALLMOLECULESBYVIBRATIONALCONTRAST............. 349 LINEAR AND NONLINEAR RAMAN SCATTERING SPECTROSCOPY ANDMICROSCOPY......................................................... -
Small Molecules, Big Impact
FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. NOT INTENDED FOR HUMAN OR ANIMAL DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USES. STEMCELL TECHNOLOGIES INC.’S QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IS CERTIFIED TO ISO 13485 MEDICAL DEVICE STANDARDS. TGFβ: The TGFβ superfamily members are major regulators of self-renewal and differentiation to mesendodermal lineages. p38 / p53: p38 MAPK is activated in response to cellular stresses, and influences apoptosis and cellular differentiation. p53 is activated in Pathway Activators: IDE1, IDE2; Pathway Inhibitors: SB431542, LY364947, RepSox, Dorsomorphin, LDN193189 response to cellular stresses and regulates growth arrest, apoptosis and/or DNA repair. Inhibition of p53 is used to facilitate reprogramming. Pathway Inhibitors: BIRB-796, SB202190, SB203580, Cyclic Pifithrin-α, Pifithrin-μ Hedgehog: The Hedgehog pathway is important in the differentiation of mesenchymal subtypes (e.g. osteocytes) and in neural subtypes (e.g. dopaminergic neurons). FGF: FGF signaling via MEK/ERK is critical for self-renewal and proliferation of human PSCs. However, other receptor tyrosine kinases can Pathway Activator: Purmorphamine; Pathway Inhibitors: Cyclopamine, HPI-1 also act through the MEK/ERK and PI3K signaling pathways. Pathway Activators: Pyrintegrin, PS-48; Pathway Inhbitors: Pluripotin, PD0325901, PD98059, Reversine IWP-2 WNT: The WNT pathway regulates differentiation to the mesoendodermal lineages, induces self-renewal of PSCs, and aids in reprogramming. IWP-3 Pathway Activators: BIO, CHIR99021, Kenpaullone, SB216763; Pathway Inhibitors: IWP-2, IWP-3, IWP-4, -
Chemical Composition and Product Quality Control of Turmeric
Stephen F. Austin State University SFA ScholarWorks Faculty Publications Agriculture 2011 Chemical composition and product quality control of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Shiyou Li Stephen F Austin State University, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, [email protected] Wei Yuan Stephen F Austin State University, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, [email protected] Guangrui Deng Ping Wang Stephen F Austin State University, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, [email protected] Peiying Yang See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/agriculture_facultypubs Part of the Natural Products Chemistry and Pharmacognosy Commons, and the Pharmaceutical Preparations Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Recommended Citation Li, Shiyou; Yuan, Wei; Deng, Guangrui; Wang, Ping; Yang, Peiying; and Aggarwal, Bharat, "Chemical composition and product quality control of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)" (2011). Faculty Publications. Paper 1. http://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/agriculture_facultypubs/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Agriculture at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Shiyou Li, Wei Yuan, Guangrui Deng, Ping Wang, Peiying Yang, and Bharat Aggarwal This article is available at SFA ScholarWorks: http://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/agriculture_facultypubs/1 28 Pharmaceutical Crops, 2011, 2, 28-54 Open Access Chemical Composition and Product Quality Control of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) ,1 1 1 1 2 3 Shiyou Li* , Wei Yuan , Guangrui Deng , Ping Wang , Peiying Yang and Bharat B. Aggarwal 1National Center for Pharmaceutical Crops, Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. -
Solutions That Meet Your Demands for Food Testing & Agriculture
Solutions that meet your demands for food testing & agriculture Our measure is your success. Excellent choices for food & agriculture applications products I applications I software I services Agilent Technologies Consumer Products Toys, jewelry, clothing, and other products are frequently recalled due to the presence of unsafe levels of substances such as lead from paint and phthal- ates from product polymers and packaging. Whether your perspective is to guarantee your products are free of contaminants or you are screening for harmful contaminants in a wide variety of consumer products, Agilent Tech- nologies provides the tools you need to detect and measure these and other harmful contaminants. > Search entire document Agilent 1290 Infinity LC with Agilent Poroshell columns for simultaneous determination of eight organic UV filters in under two minutes Application Note Consumer Products Authors Siji Joseph Agilent Technologies India Pvt. Ltd. mAU Amino benzoic acid Bangalore, India 2 Oxybenzone 1.5 4-Methyl benzylidene camphor Dioxybenzone Avobenzone Michael Woodman 1 Octyl methoxycinnamate 0.5 Octocrylene Agilent Technologies, Inc. Octyl salicylate 2850 Centerville Road 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 min Wilmington DE 19808 USA Abstract Levels of UV filters in personal care products are regulated by the FDA and European Pharmacopeia (EP). Liquid chromatographic (LC) methods are widely accepted analyt- ical techniques for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of these UV filters. Most of these traditional LC methods require about 25–50 minutes. In this Application Note, the Agilent 1290 Infinity LC, in combination with Agilent Poroshell columns, were used for development of a short, sensitive, robust and well resolved separation of eight FDA/EP approved active UV filter ingredients in 99 seconds. -
L.) Leaves Tao Jiang1,3, Kunyuan Guo2,3, Lingdi Liu1, Wei Tian1, Xiaoliang Xie1, Saiqun Wen1 & Chunxiu Wen1*
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic data reveal the favonoid biosynthesis metabolic pathway in Perilla frutescens (L.) leaves Tao Jiang1,3, Kunyuan Guo2,3, Lingdi Liu1, Wei Tian1, Xiaoliang Xie1, Saiqun Wen1 & Chunxiu Wen1* Perilla frutescens (L.) is an important medicinal and edible plant in China with nutritional and medical uses. The extract from leaves of Perilla frutescens contains favonoids and volatile oils, which are mainly used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomic and metabolomic data of the leaves of two Perilla frutescens varieties: JIZI 1 and JIZI 2. A total of 9277 diferentially expressed genes and 223 favonoid metabolites were identifed in these varieties. Chrysoeriol, apigenin, malvidin, cyanidin, kaempferol, and their derivatives were abundant in the leaves of Perilla frutescens, which were more than 70% of total favonoid contents. A total of 77 unigenes encoding 15 enzymes were identifed as candidate genes involved in favonoid biosynthesis in the leaves of Perilla frutescens. High expression of the CHS gene enhances the accumulation of favonoids in the leaves of Perilla frutescens. Our results provide valuable information on the favonoid metabolites and candidate genes involved in the favonoid biosynthesis pathways in the leaves of Perilla frutescens. Perilla frutescens (L.), which is a self-compatible annual herb, belongs to the family Lamiaceae. Tis species has been widely cultivated in China, Japan, and Korea for centuries. Perilla frutescens is an important medicinal and edible plant in China with medical and nutritional uses 1. Its leaves can be utilized as a transitional medicinal herb, as a vegetable, and as a spice, and its seeds can be processed into foods and nutritional edible oils 2. -
Serum Enterolactone
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Julkari Annamari Kilkkinen SERUM ENTEROLACTONE D E T E R M I N A N T S A N D A S S O C I A T I O N S W I T H B R E A S T A N D P R O S T A T E C A N C E R S A C A D E M I C D I S S E R T A T I O N To be presented with the permission of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, for public examination in Auditorium XII, University Main Building, on June 11th, 2004, at 12 noon. National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland and Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland Helsinki 2004 P u b l i c a t i o n s o f t h e N a t i o n a l P u b l i c H e a l t h I n s t i t u t e K T L A 1 0 / 2 0 0 4 Copyright National Public Health Institute Julkaisija-Utgivare-Publisher Kansanterveyslaitos (KTL) Mannerheimintie 166 00300 Helsinki Puh. vaihde (09) 474 41, telefax (09) 4744 8408 Folkhälsoinstitutet Mannerheimvägen 166 00300 Helsingfors Tel. växel (09) 474 41, telefax (09) 4744 8408 National Public Health Institute Mannerheimintie 166 FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland Telephone +358 9 474 41, telefax +358 9 4744 8408 ISBN 951-740-448-4 ISSN 0359-3584 ISBN 951-740-449-2 (pdf) ISSN 1458-6290 (pdf) Hakapaino Oy Helsinki 2004 S u p e r v i s e d b y Professor Pirjo Pietinen Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland Professor Jarmo Virtamo Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland R e v i e w e d b y Associate Professor Sari -
Monoclonal Antibodies and Small-Molecule Drugs: WHAT GENERAL NEUROLOGISTS NEED to KNOW
THIS CONTENT IS SPONSORED BY AMGEN INC. AND NOVARTIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORPORATION USA-334-83498 Monoclonal Antibodies and Small-Molecule Drugs: WHAT GENERAL NEUROLOGISTS NEED TO KNOW APRIL 2020 I VOL. 28 NO. 4 A Member of the Network Introduction plasma concentration 1–8 days) than IV, but this route permits self- Numerous drug modalities have been approved to treat neurologic administration at home.9,22 diseases, including small-molecule drugs (SMDs) and biologics SMDs generally have wide distribution into tissues, organs and such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).1-3 While both are consid- plasma.10,23 They are metabolized by CYP450 enzymes via oxidation, ered targeted therapies,2-7 each has unique characteristics that may leading to renal elimination in the urine, and by conjugation reac- affect their use in clinical practice.5,8,9 This article describes the gen- tions (eg, glucuronidation), leading to hepatic/biliary elimination in eral characteristics of SMDs and mAbs and discusses some of their the stool.10,24,25 mAbs have a small range of distribution.10,23 Particu- safety implications relevant to their use by general neurologists in larly relevant to neurology, therapeutic mAbs do not readily cross clinical practice. the blood–brain barrier and therefore have minimal distribution in the central nervous system (CNS).8,9 Therapeutic mAbs are also Characteristics of SMDs and mAbs too large for clearance by renal or hepatic mechanisms, and instead The general characteristics and pharmacokinetics (PK) of are metabolized by two primary -
Anthocyanins: Antioxidant And/Or Anti-Inflammatory Activities
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 01 (06); 2011: 07-15 ISSN: 2231-3354 Anthocyanins: Antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory Received on: 18-08-2011 Accepted on: 23-08-2011 activities M. G. Miguel ABSTRACT Anthocyanins are polyphenols with known antioxidant activity which may be responsible for some biological activities including the prevention or lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, arthritis and cancer. Nevertheless such properties, their stability and bioavailability depend M. G. Miguel on their chemical structure. In the present work a brief review is made on chemical structures, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, bioavailability and antioxidant/anti -inflammatory of anthocyanins. Departamento de Química e Farmácia, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biotecnologia e Key words: Anthocyanins, chemistry, stability, bioavailability, free radical scavenging. Bioengenharia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005- 139 Faro, PORTUGAL INTRODUCTION Anthocyanins are generally accepted as the largest and most important group of water- soluble pigments in nature (Harborne, 1998). They are responsible for the blue, purple, red and orange colors of many fruits and vegetables. The word anthocyanin derived from two Greek words: anthos, which means flowers, and kyanos, which means dark blue (Horbowicz et al., 2008). Major sources of anthocyanins are blueberries, cherries, raspberries, strawberries, black currants, purple grapes and red wine (Mazza, 2007). They belong to the family of compounds known as flavonoids, but they are distinguished from other flavonoids due to their capacity to form flavylium cations (Fig. 1) (Mazza, 2007). + O Fig 1. Flavylium cation. They occur principally as glycosides of their respective aglycone anthocyanidin- chromophores with the sugar moiety generally attached at the 3-position on the C-ring or the 5- position on the A-ring (Prior and Wu, 2006). -
Modulation of Lipid Metabolism by Phytosterol Stearates and Black Raspberry Seed Oils
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Nutrition & Health Sciences Dissertations & Theses Nutrition and Health Sciences, Department of 5-2010 Modulation of Lipid Metabolism by Phytosterol Stearates and Black Raspberry Seed Oils Mark McKinley Ash University of Nebraska at Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nutritiondiss Part of the Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Commons, and the Molecular, Genetic, and Biochemical Nutrition Commons Ash, Mark McKinley, "Modulation of Lipid Metabolism by Phytosterol Stearates and Black Raspberry Seed Oils" (2010). Nutrition & Health Sciences Dissertations & Theses. 17. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nutritiondiss/17 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Nutrition and Health Sciences, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Nutrition & Health Sciences Dissertations & Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Modulation of Lipid Metabolism by Phytosterol Stearates and Black Raspberry Seed Oils by Mark McKinley Ash A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Major: Nutrition Under the Supervision of Professor Timothy P. Carr Lincoln, Nebraska May, 2010 Modulation of Lipid Metabolism by Phytosterol Stearates and Black Raspberry Seed Oils Mark McKinley Ash, M.S. University of Nebraska, 2010 Adviser: Timothy P. Carr Naturally occurring compounds and lifestyle modifications as combination and mono- therapy are increasingly used for dyslipidemia. Specficially, phytosterols and fatty acids have demonstrated an ability to modulate cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism in different fashions. -
Phenolics in Human Health
International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, Vol. 5, No. 5, October 2014 Phenolics in Human Health T. Ozcan, A. Akpinar-Bayizit, L. Yilmaz-Ersan, and B. Delikanli with proteins. The high antioxidant capacity makes Abstract—Recent research focuses on health benefits of polyphenols as an important key factor which is involved in phytochemicals, especially antioxidant and antimicrobial the chemical defense of plants against pathogens and properties of phenolic compounds, which is known to exert predators and in plant-plant interferences [9]. preventive activity against infectious and degenerative diseases, inflammation and allergies via antioxidant, antimicrobial and proteins/enzymes neutralization/modulation mechanisms. Phenolic compounds are reactive metabolites in a wide range of plant-derived foods and mainly divided in four groups: phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes and tannins. They work as terminators of free radicals and chelators of metal ions that are capable of catalyzing lipid oxidation. Therefore, this review examines the functional properties of phenolics. Index Terms—Health, functional, phenolic compounds. I. INTRODUCTION In recent years, fruits and vegetables receive considerable interest depending on type, number, and mode of action of the different components, so called as “phytochemicals”, for their presumed role in the prevention of various chronic diseases including cancers and cardiovascular diseases. Plants are rich sources of functional dietary micronutrients, fibers and phytochemicals, such -
Comparison of Antioxidant Activities and Total Polyphenolic and Methylxanthine Contents Between the Unripe Fruit and Leaves of Ilex Paraguariensis A
ORIGINAL ARTICLES Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Misso˜es1, Programa de Po´s-Graduac¸a˜o em Cieˆncias Farmaceˆuti- cas2, Curso de Farma´cia3, Departamento de Microbiologia4, Departamento de Farma´cia Industrial5, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Comparison of antioxidant activities and total polyphenolic and methylxanthine contents between the unripe fruit and leaves of Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. A. Schubert1, D. F. Pereira2, F. F. Zanin3, S. H. Alves4, R. C. R. Beck5, M. L. Athayde5 Received February 15, 2007, accepted March 8, 2007 Prof. Dr. Margareth Linde Athayde, Departamento de Farma´cia Industrial, Pre´dio 26, sala 1115, Campus Camobi, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. CEP 97105-900 [email protected] Pharmazie 62: 876–880 (2007) doi: 10.1691/ph.2007.11.7052 Ilex paraguariensis is used in Brazil as a stimulating beverage called “mate”. Leaves and immature fruit extracts of Ilex paraguariensis were evaluated for their radical scavenging capacity, total methyl- xanthine and polyphenol contents. Antimicrobial activity of two enriched saponin fractions obtained from the fruits were also evaluated. The radical scavenging activity of the fractioned extracts was determined spectrophotometrically using 1,1-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH). The IC50 of l-ascorbic acid, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions from the leaves and ethyl acetate fraction from the fruits were 6.48 mg/mL, 13.26 mg/mL, 27.22 mg/mL, and 285.78 mg/mL, respectively. Total methylxanthine content was 1.16 Æ 0.06 mg/g dry weight in the fruits and 8.78 Æ 0.01 mg/g in the leaves.