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Polyculture of Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium Rosenbergii, with Indian Major Carps: a Case Study

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Polyculture of Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium Rosenbergii, with Indian Major Carps: a Case Study Polyculture of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, with Indian major carps: a case study Item Type article Authors Vasudevappa, C.; Seenappa, D.; Keshavappa, G.Y. Download date 05/10/2021 08:06:42 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/32407 Journal of the Indian Fisheries Association 15 29, 2002, 15-21 POLYCULTURE OF GIANT FRESHWATER PRAWN, MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERG/I. WITH INDIAN MAJOR CARPS - A CASE STUDY C. Vasudevappa, D. Seenappa and G. Y. Keshavappa Fisheries Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Hesaraghatta, Bangalore - 560 089 ABSTRACT A study conducted in a 450-m2 earthen pond to evaluate the production potential of giant freshwater prawn (stocked at 20,000 juveniles/ha) and Indian major carps, catla and rohu (stocked at 5000 juveniles/ha in 2:1 proportion) revealed that in nine months' growing period, catla and rohu attained average sizes of 357 ang 746 g, respectively, while prawn weighed 48.32 g. The growth of rohu was much faster than catla as indicated by higher relative and absolute weight gains. The total fish production per hectare was estimated t.o be 2418 kg and prawn production stood at 780 kg with excellent survival of both the fish (>98%) and prawn (>80%). Keywords: Polyculture, giant freshwater prawn, Indian major carps INTRODUCTION Polyculture of giant freshwater prawn ecological maintenance of pond without along with Indian major carps is becoming affecting the prawn growth. Since the prawn popular compared to monoculture among under polyculture with fish derives its fish farmers due to the high cost of nutrition by utilizing the natural pond management, low survival and differential productivity and left-over fish feed, faecal growth of prawn under monoculture matter of fish, etc., there is no need for a systems (Cohenetal., 1983; Vasudevappa separte high-cost prawn feed. Ahemad et al., 1999). The polyculture of prawn with (1998) while reviewing the progress of fish is commonly practiced in the northen freshwater prawn farming in Orissa has parts of Karnataka, Andhara Pradesh, indicated a stocking density of 10,000- Orissa, West Bengal and Punjab. The 200,000 prawn seed along with 5000 fish presence of fish in a polycu1ture system per hectare for getting good production of serves as a biological control over both fish and prawn. The experiments development of zooplankton, phytoplankton conducted at the Fisheries Research and filamentous algae, which otherwise Station, Hesaraghata, have indicated that result in ecological instability of the pond a stocking density of20,000 prawn juveniles ecosytem (Baissac, 1976; Barnes, 1980). It with 5000 fingerlings of catla and rohu in has been demonstrated that the presence of 2:1 ratio gives better growth and production fish in low stocking densities Improves the of both fish and prawn in a polyculture 16 C. VASUDEVAPPA, D. SEENAPPAAND G. Y. KESHAVAPPA system. Utilizing the results of this oils. The feed had a crude protein of28.42% experiment, a case study ofpolyculture of and fat 6.95%. Feeding was done at 6, 4 prawn with fish in a 450-m2 earthen pond and 3% during the 1st, 2nd and 3rd months was carried out and the details regarding and it was maintained at 2% ofbodyweight biomass growth, survival, size distribution, of fish and prawn during the remaining productin and economics have been worked period. The water quality parameters, viz., out. temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH, were monitored once in a fortnight. MATERIAL AND METHODS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION An earthen pond of 450m2 area, the sides of which were covered with stone The water quality parameters, mz, slabs (to control lateral seepage) with open temperature (24.50-27.10°0) pH (7.80-8.40) earthen bottom, was utilized for the study. and dissolved oxygen (3.80-8.50 ppm), The pond was drained, dried and limed fluctuated within the desired levels. The using agriculture lime at 250 kg/ha. The details regarding monthly growth, growth pond was manured using 200 kg cow dung, rate, survival, biomass production and size 1 kg urea and 2 kg super phosphate initially, frequency distribution of fish and prawn and a monthly dosage of 100 kg cow dung, are presented'in Tables 1-3. During the 9 0.5 kg urea and 1 kg super phosphate was months' growing period, catla juveniles of applied. The pond was stocked with 150 105 g mean weight grew to a size of357.10 catla and. 75 fohujuveniles (86.7-105.0 g) g while rohu of initial weight of 86.70 d' along with 900 prawn juveniles (0.85-4.80 attained 745.90 g (Fig. 1&2),sluring the g). The fish and prawn stocking density identical rearing period indicati:ng faster. worked 'OUt to be 5000 fish and 20,000 growth ofrohu as compared to ca,tladl'his prawn juveniles, respectively, per hectare. is the result oflow natural foodproduction Fish and prawn were fed on formulated (zooplankton) in the pond due to continuous pelleted feed prepared at the Fisheries seepage of water from pond and greater Research Station using rice bran, density of catla as compared to rohu. groundnut cake, soybean cake, sunflower Besides, the sinking pellets given as food cake, coconut cake, fishmeal and wheat probably would have been better utilized as gluten meal along with fish and vegetable food by rohu than catla. The prawn Table 1 :Monthly weight gain (%) of fish and prawn in the polyculture system Initial Absolute Fish/ Relative weight gain in different manths mean wtgain prawn wt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (%) Catla 105.0 53.00 21.69 23.07 12.39 9.17 5.05 4.84 3.32 6.31 240.10 Rohu 86.7 82.53 32.70 31.26 30.78 25.02 24.32 7.13 5.81 17.43 760.32 Prawn 2.34 192.74 132.85 62.26. 34.65 17.30 6.65 2.75 2.46 5.27 1964.96 POLYCULTURE OF GIANT FRESHWATER PRAWN, 17 MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGII, WITH INDIAN MAJOR CARPS Table 2 : Growth, survival and biomass production of fish and prawn in the polyculture system Fish/prawn Initial Size Final Survival Total Net Production mean range at mean biomass biomass wt(g) stocking (g) wt(g) (%) (kg) (kg) (kg/ha) Catla 105.0 85-140 357.1 98.67 52.85 37.10 1174.44 Rohu 86.7 74-120 745.9 100.00 55.94 49.44 1243.10 Prawn 2.34 0.85-4.80 48.32 80.78 35.13 33.02 780.67 Table 3: Frequency distribution of prawn, catla and rohu grown in the polyculture system Distribution (%) Size groups (g) Prawn Catla Rohu 20-30 24.22 31-40 23.80 41-50 20.90 51-60 11.20 61-70 3.78 71-80 6.30 81-90 1.54 91-100 2.86 >100 5.40 201-300 17.61 301-400 59.17 401-500 16.28 10.67 501-600 5.68 13.33 601-700 1.26 26.67 701-800 16.00 801-900 16.00 901-1000 5.33 1001-1100 2.67 1101-1200 4.00 1201-1300 5.33 juveniles of initial mean weight 2.34 g grown with channel catfish, the prawn and attained 48.32 g indicating better prawn fish showed a size range of 30 to 72 g and growth in nine months. The size ranges of 315 to 690 g, respectively (Miltner et aLJ catla, rohu and prawn were 230-450 g, 400- 1983; Pavel, 1985). The weight of catla, 1300 g and 25-220 g, respectively. In a rohu, silver carp and grass carp varied polyculture system, whenever prawn was between 187.22 and 267.55 g in a 18 C. VASUDEVAPPA, D. SEENAPPAAND G. Y. KESHAVAPPA Fig.1 : GroWth of caoa and Rohu :in polycultur& with prawn 700 ...-, fl()Q •li'.'"-/+'ii>•co>.!J,l-:i'!0h~~~~~~,i,~~,; '"',.. ;,H.;~~;;J;~.;i,;~,J'"'''"~;i.i.!~"::T,~;,;d..,.,~:,:,j .·al. -~c 500'' '~ 400 '~'"""·~~~~ J: gt'» 300.•. •:~ 200 ·, '100 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B 9 :Period (monttuft Fig.2: Growth of Prawn In Polyculture with Catla and Rohu 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Period (months} I .. ,l POLYCULTURE OF GIANT FRESHWATER PRAWN, 19 MACROBRACHIUM ROSENBERGII, WITH INDIAN MAJOR CARPS polyculture system during 5 months' indicating better production and rearing period (Ahmed and Varghese, 1992). productivity of rohu compared to catla in However, the growth response of prawn this study. The total production per hectare was poor (3. 70 g). works out to 3198.21 kg with fish contributing to 2417.54 kg (75.59%) and The survival ofboth the species offish prawn 780.67 kg (24.41 %). Indian major was almost 100% and it was 80.78% for carps and common carp when grown with prawn, indicating excellent survival offish prawn gave a productions level of 1388- and prawn in a polyculture system. Many 1695 kg in 5-8 months in Orissa (Ahemed, workers have witnessed good survival of 1995). He obtained a prawn production of both fish and prawn in a polyculture system. 250-268 kg/ha. The production offish and Miltner et al. (1983) and Pavel (1985) prawn obtained in the present study are of recorded good survival ofprawnjuveniles much higher order as compared to the fish (above 80%). Abramo et al. (1986) recorded production observed in trials conducted in mean survival rates of 89.40 and 93.30% Orissa. However, much higher fish for catfish and prawn, respectively during production (4982-8217 kg!ha) has been 4 months' growing period. The survival observed by D' Abramo et al.
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