David Bravo Díaz

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David Bravo Díaz FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA Y LETRAS DEPARTAMENTO DE HISTORIA MODERNA, CONTEMPORÁNEA, AMÉRICA, PERIODISMO, COMUNICACIÓN AUDIOVISUAL Y PUBLICIDAD. TESIS DOCTORAL: LA II GUERRA MUNDIAL A TRAVÉS DE LA TELEVISIÓN FORMATOS, CONTENIDOS Y DIMENSIÓN SOCIAL Presentada por David Bravo Díaz para optar al grado de doctor por la Universidad de Valladolid Dirigida por: Dr. José-Vidal Pelaz López David Bravo Díaz 2 La II Guerra Mundial a través de la televisión 3 David Bravo Díaz Índice general. Índice de gráficas, tablas e ilustraciones. .................................................... 9 Gráficas. ................................................................................................ 9 Tablas. .................................................................................................. 9 Ilustraciones. ........................................................................................ 9 1. INTRODUCCIÓN .............................................................................. 14 1.1. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL TRABAJO. LOS OBJETIVOS. ........ 17 1.2. UN NUEVO CAMPO PARA LA HISTORIOGRAFÍA. ............... 23 1.3. ALGUNOS TEMAS PARA EL DEBATE. ................................... 31 1.4. HISTORIOGRAFÍA SOBRE LA REPRESENTACIÓN DE LA II GUERRA MUNDIAL. .................................................................... 37 1.5. ANÁLISIS DE CONTENIDO, FUENTES Y ESTRUCTURA DEL TRABAJO. ...................................................................................... 46 2. EL CINE SOBRE LA II GUERRA MUNDIAL ................................. 62 2.1. PROPAGANDA BÉLICA Y POLÍTICA. 1933-1945. .................. 65 2.2. RECONSTRUCCIONES BÉLICAS Y SUPERACIÓN DE LA GUERRA. 1946-1956. .................................................................... 73 2.3. DE LA RECONSTRUCCIÓN GLORIOSA A LA MÁS DURA CRÍTICA. 1957-1965. ..................................................................... 78 2.4. DE GRUPOS ESPECIALES Y REVISIONES. 1966-1980. ........ 84 2.5. INNOVACIÓN, INFANCIA Y RECUERDOS. 1981-2000. ........ 90 2.6. RENOVADO INTERÉS E INSPIRACIÓN. 2001-2014. ............. 96 4 La II Guerra Mundial a través de la televisión 3. REPRESENTACIÓN DE LA II GUERRA MUNDIAL EN LA TELEVISIÓN ............................................................................................ 104 3.1. LOS PRIMEROS PASOS DE LA PEQUEÑA PANTALLA. .... 107 3.2. LA TELEVISIÓN Y EL CINE VAN DE LA MANO. 1955-1965. ………………………………………………………………………….109 3.3. DE LA HERMANDAD A LA REBELDÍA ENTRE CINE Y TELEVISIÓN. 1966-1977. ........................................................... 120 3.4. LA TELEVISIÓN EN BUSCA DEL PROPIO CAMINO. 1978- 1997. ............................................................................................. 133 3.5. JUNTAS DE NUEVO. 1998-2014. ............................................ 163 4. HERMANOS DE SANGRE ............................................................. 192 4.1. LOS AÑOS NOVENTA. UNA NUEVA GENERACIÓN. ......... 195 4.2. NUNCA TANTOS DEBIERON TANTO A TAN POCOS. ........ 198 4.2.1. Socios y sabuesos. Spielberg, Hanks, Ambrose y la HBO. ………………………………………………………………….199 4.2.2. El principio de todo. Salvar al soldado Ryan. ................ 211 4.2.3. Bocados de realidad. Del libro a la pantalla. ................. 214 4.2.4. Los directores. Unidos bajo el mismo mando. ............... 218 4.2.5. Regreso al infierno. ......................................................... 221 4.2.6. Una cuestión de tiempo. ................................................. 223 4.3. SALVAR AL SOLDADO PARACAIDISTA. .............................. 227 4.3.1. Todos a una. .................................................................... 229 4.3.2. La II Guerra Mundial ante sus ojos............................... 248 4.3.3. Ser o no ser. .................................................................... 265 4.3.4. El final de la cuenta atrás. ............................................. 276 4.4. MUCHO MÁS DE LO QUE PARECE. ANÁLISIS DE “HERMANOS DE SANGRE”. ...................................................... 290 5 David Bravo Díaz 4.5. LAS MEJORES ARMAS DE “HERMANOS DE SANGRE”. ... 304 4.5.1. La ventana indiscreta. .................................................... 305 4.5.2. La noche más oscura. ..................................................... 309 4.5.3. Dentro del laberinto. ...................................................... 311 4.5.4. La máquina del tiempo. .................................................. 312 5. THE PACIFIC .................................................................................. 316 5.1. LA DÉCADA MÁS TRISTE. ...................................................... 319 5.2. EL PRECIO DE LA GRANDEZA ES LA RESPONSABILIDAD. 327 5.2.1. La primera experiencia en el Pacífico. ........................... 327 5.2.2. Los otros. ......................................................................... 329 5.2.3. Viajeros en el tiempo. La elaboración del guión. ........... 334 5.2.4. Algunos hombres buenos. La dirección de la miniserie. 337 5.2.5. La liga de los hombres extraordinarios. ........................ 339 5.3. VIAJE AL CORAZÓN DE LAS TINIEBLAS. ANÁLISIS DE “THE PACIFIC”. .......................................................................... 342 5.3.1. Los marines devuelven el golpe. .................................... 343 5.3.2. Miedo y asco en las junglas. ........................................... 347 5.3.3. Carretera al infierno. ..................................................... 358 5.3.4. Las dos caras de la verdad. ............................................ 374 5.4. DIVERGENTE. HERMANOS DE SANGRE VERSUS THE PACIFIC. ...................................................................................... 386 5.5. CON SUS MISMAS ARMAS. .................................................... 395 6 La II Guerra Mundial a través de la televisión 6. MÁS ALLÁ DE LA PEQUEÑA PANTALLA .................................. 402 6.1. DIEZ CAPÍTULOS SON POCOS. LOS DVD. .......................... 405 6.2. DEL DOCUMENTAL A LA MINISERIE. PRODUCTOS AUDIOVISUALES COMPLEMENTARIOS. .............................. 409 6.3. EL SOPORTE DIGITAL DE LAS MINISERIES. .................... 412 6.4. UNA MEDALLA DE HONOR MERECIDA. ............................ 422 6.5. EL ÉXITO DE UNA FORMA DIFERENTE DE REPRESENTAR LA II GUERRA MUNDIAL. ........................................................ 438 6.6. UNA IRRESISTIBLE TENTACIÓN PARA EL MUNDO ACADÉMICO. .............................................................................. 447 7. CONCLUSIONES ............................................................................ 452 8. FUENTES Y BIBLIOGRAFÍA ........................................................ 478 8.1. FUENTES. ................................................................................. 480 8.1.1. Fuentes audiovisuales. .................................................... 480 8.1.2. Memorias, testimonios, y otras fuentes impresas. ......... 499 8.1.3. Otras fuentes. Webs y recursos online. .......................... 500 8.2. BIBLIOGRAFÍA. ........................................................................ 503 8.2.1. Bibliografía sobre historia de los medios y sobre la representación audiovisual de la historia. ................................ 503 8.2.2. Bibliografía sobre la representación audiovisual de la II Guerra Mundial. ........................................................................ 508 8.2.3. Bibliografía sobre la II Guerra Mundial. ....................... 511 8.2.4. Bibliografía sobre aspectos técnicos de la imagen. ........ 513 8.2.5. Bibliografía sobre videojuegos. ....................................... 513 8.2.6. Miscelánea. ...................................................................... 515 7 David Bravo Díaz 9. ANEXOS ........................................................................................... 518 9.1. FICHAS TÉCNICAS. ................................................................. 519 9.1.1. Hermanos de sangre. ....................................................... 519 9.1.2. The Pacific. ...................................................................... 521 9.2. PREMIOS MÁS IMPORTANTES. ............................................ 523 9.3. CARÁTULAS. ............................................................................ 528 8 La II Guerra Mundial a través de la televisión Índice de gráficas, tablas e ilustraciones. Gráficas. GRÁFICA 1: Número de producciones por año (1955-1965) .............................. 110 GRÁFICA 2: Porcentaje de temas (1955-1965) .................................................. 111 GRÁFICA 3: Distribución de las producciones por zonas (1955-1965) .............. 119 GRÁFICA 4: Número de producciones por año (1966-1977) .............................. 120 GRÁFICA 5: Porcentaje de temas antiguos (1966-1977) ................................... 121 GRÁFICA 6: Porcentaje de temas nuevos (1966-1977) ...................................... 129 GRÁFICA 7: Porcentaje de temas totales (1966-1977) ...................................... 132 GRÁFICA 8: Distribución de producciones por zonas (1966-1977) ................... 133 GRÁFICA 9: Número de producciones por año (1978-1997) .............................. 134 GRÁFICA 10: Porcentaje de temas antiguos (1978-1997) ................................. 135 GRÁFICA 11: Porcentaje de temas nuevos (1978-1997) .................................... 145 GRÁFICA 12: Porcentaje de producción por temas (1978-1997) ....................... 162 GRÁFICA 13: Distribución de la producción por
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