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PDF Hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/19524 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-09-25 and may be subject to change. PREPARATION TO THE QUESTION OF THE SENSE OF BEING IN MARTIN HEIDEGGER’S THOUGHT. AN INTRODUCTION TO THE “EXISTENTIAL ANALYTIC” OF DASEIN: SEIN UND ZEIT (1927) - WAS IST METAPHYSIK? (1929) - REKTORATSREDE (1933) (Philosophy, Science, and Politics) een wetenschappelijke proeve op het gebied van de Filosofie Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. dr. C.W.P.M. Blom, volgens besluit van het College van Decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 8 November 2004 des namiddags om 1.30 uur precies door Stefano Andrea Esengrini geboren op 30 juli 1969 te Milaan (Italie) Promotores: Prof. Dr. Ph. Van Haute Prof. Dr. M. Carbone (Università degli Studi di Milano, Italia) Manuscriptcommissie: Prof. Dr. B. Vedder Prof. Dr. P. Cobben (Universiteit van Tilburg) Dr. C. Bremmers 2 To my mother 3 INDEX NOTE ON ABBREVIATIONS p. 7 INTRODUCTION Heidegger’s “enormity” and the question of Being § 1. The sense of the relation between philosophy and science 9 a) The Greek beginning of thought 9 b) The main consequence of the “return to the Greeks”: putting into question the positivistic interpretation of the world 10 c) The difference between Being and being: world and language 11 d) The new determination of man’s essence: alèthéia, Dasein, stay 13 § 2. Plan of the dissertation 15 a) Overall outlook 15 b) The circular structure of the thesis 21 c) Methodological note on the circular structure of the thesis: the relation between philosophy and politics 31 CHAPTER ONE Reflections on the difference between philosophy and science based on the phenomenon of the forgetfulness of Being: the ontological difference § 1. Preliminary interpretation of man’s essence: the “existential analytic” of Dasein and the forgetfulness of Being 34 a) Remarks on the preparatory character of the research 34 b) The ground of Sein und Zeit: the need of reawakening an understanding for the sense of Being 37 c) The forgetfulness of Being as the ground of the age of science and technology 42 d) The sense for Being as preparation to the transformation of an experience of time and history 46 § 2. Determination of the essence of philosophy in comparison with positive sciences (sciences of beings): philosophy as critical science (science of Being) 50 a) Preliminary clarification of the question of the sense for Being, on the grounds of the repetition of the guiding-question of Metaphysics: “what is a being?” 50 b) Positive sciences as sciences of beings 54 c) Philosophy as critical science: the difference between Being and being 56 § 3. Note on time: “time” and “ontological difference” in the lightofthe “topology ofBeing” 61 a) Being, time and temporality 61 b) Time as locality of the manifestation of Being: Anwesenheit as Gegen-wart 63 c) Time and Heidegger’s “reversal”: the difference between Being and being 69 d) Note on the temporality of Dasein in Sein und Zeit 74 § 4. Remarks on the essence of science and its positivistic interpretation 78 a) Introduction: the crisis of the sciences as the “expression of the radical life- crisis of European humanity” (E. Husserl) 78 b) Notes on M. Heidegger, Die Bedrohung der Wissenschaft (1937) 81 4 c) Note on the essence of the “world view”, on the ground of Nihilism as accomplished unfolding of the forgetfulness of Being 84 d) Notes on H. Hahn-O. Neurath-R. Carnap, Wissenschaftliche Weltauffassung (1929) 86 § 5. Conclusive reflections: on the need of interpreting man’s essence as Dasein in the light of the sense of the expression “everything functions” 89 § 6. Recapitulation and link to the second chapter 92 CHAPTER TWO The question o f the sense fo r Being in Sein und Zeit, §§ 1-44: Dasein, disclosedness, and truth (existence - Being in the world - disposition) § 1. Methodological considerations: Being and Dasein 94 a) The circular nature of man’s relation to Being and its implications with regard to history and politics (Löwith and Lukács) 94 b) The forgetfulness of Being and the de-obstruction of the history ofMetaphysics 97 c) Plan of the chapter 99 § 2. Dasein as “existence” and the phenomenon of the “understanding of Being” 101 a) The priority of Dasein inside the question of Being 101 b) Existence as comportment (posture) towards Being on the ground of the difference between Being and being 103 c) The existential analytic as “fundamental ontology”: the sense of “existence” (Heidegger, Sartre and Lukács) 106 d) Authenticity and inauthenticity as D asein s ways of Being 111 § 3. Dasein ’s “Being in the world” as its fundamental existential constitution 113 a) “Being in the world” in the light of the phenomenon of “transcendence” (Vom Wesen des Grundes, 1929) 114 b) Elucidation of the structure of the basic state of D asein on the grounds of its decisive moment: “Being-in” 117 § 4. “Being-in” as “disposition (attunement)”: Dasein ’s disclosedness to Being 119 § 5. The disposition o f angst as Dasein ’s distinctive disclosedness 125 a) The question of angst in Sein und Zeit 125 b) The question ofangst in Was ist Metaphysik?: philosophy, science and the Nothing 127 § 6. The scientific-positivistic interpretation o f truth as derived mode o f the philosophical one 128 a) Foreword: Being and truth 128 b) The reduction of Being to “Reality” 129 c) Dasein and its disclosure to the truth of Being 130 d) The truth of Being as “native harmony” 131 e) Towards the transformation of modern man’s stay: Being, world and labour (Heidegger and Adorno) 133 § 7. Perspectives: truth, history, and politics on the ground of the ontological difference 135 § 8. Recapitulation and link to the third chapter 137 5 CHAPTER THREE The Rektoratsrede: exposition of the essence of knowledge and science on which the University has to be founded § 1. Heidegger and politics: preliminary considerations 140 § 2. Heidegger and politics: methodological and bibliographical remarks 144 a) The Heidegger-Forschung on Heidegger’s political involvement 144 b) In-depth analyses of Habermas’, Pöggeler’s and Rockmore’s positions 147 c) Fédier’s contributions to an understanding of the “Heidegger affaire” 152 d) Interpreting Heidegger’s rectorate on the ground of Fédier’s theses: Sein und Zeit - Was ist Metaphysik? - Rektoratsrede 159 § 3. The “cultural debate” in Italy during the twenty-year period fascist Regime: the figure of Elio Vittorini (1908-1966) 164 § 4. Introduction to Rektoratsrede. The University and the destiny of the German people: the essence of knowledge and man’s Being in the world 173 § 5. Notes for a comment on Rektoratsrede. A four-stage appeal to Germany: “Intention to found the essence of the university in a primordial manner” (A 17) 178 a) The revolution of the essence of knowledge as re-establishment of an immediate relation with the (Greek) question of Being 178 b) Structure of the following parts of the chapter 184 c) Comment on the first stage. The University: the essence of knowledge and the destiny of a people 186 d) Comment on the second stage. The question of Being as ground of the spiritual world of a people 189 e) Comment on the third stage. The strife for the essence of knowledge 192 f) Comment on the fourth stage. The urgency of a decision in favour of the essence of the University 195 g) Comment on Heidegger’s subtitle of his Rektoratsrede 196 § 6. Education as decision infavour of a strife between “those who lead” and“those whofollow” 200 § 7. Labour as educational power within a real human community 205 CONCLUSION The new future of knowledge (thought and art) on the ground of the ontological difference 214 BIBLIOGRAPHY 220 6 NOTE ON ABBREVIATIONS In case of quotations from Works that have been countermarked with an abbreviation: 1) The abbreviation is immediately followed by the number of the page of the original edition; 2) In case there is an English translation of the same Work, the number of the page refers to its English edition - see “Abbreviations” of Works by Martin Heidegger (A) and by other authors (B). A) WORKS BY MARTIN HEIDEGGER N.B. The Abbreviation HGA stands for Heideggers Gesamtausgabe, Klostermann, Frankfurt a. M. 1975 ff. QA Antwort. Martin Heidegger im Gespräch, Neske, Pfullingen 1988; Engl. Trans. Martin Heidegger and National Socialism: Questions and Answers, Paragon House, New York 1990 EP Écrites politiques, Gallimard, Paris 1995 BT Sein und Zeit (1927), HGA 2, Klostermann, Frankfurt a. M. 1977; Engl. Trans. Being and Time, Blackwell, Oxford 1987 PM Wegmarken (1919-1961), HGA 9, Klostermann, Frankfurt a. M. 1976; Engl. Trans. Pathmarks, Cambridge University Press, New York 1998 B) WORKS BY OTHER AUTHORS DH 1 Jean Beaufret, Dialogue avec Heidegger. Philosophie grecque, t. 1, Minuit, Paris 1973 DQ Eryck de Rubercy-Dominique Le Buhan, Douze questions posées à Jean Beaufret à propos de Martin Heidegger, Aubier, Paris 1975 (1983) E Jean Beaufret, Entretiens avec Frédéric de Towarnicki, PUF, Paris 1984 H François Fédier, Heidegger: anatomie d ’un scandale, Laffont, Paris 1988 RV François Fédier, Regarder voir, Les Belles Lettres/Archimbaud, Paris 1995 WW Hans Hahn-Otto Neurath-Rudolf Carnap, Wissenschaftliche Weltauffassung. Der Wiener Kreis, «Veröffentlichungen des Vereins Ernst Mach», Artur Wolf Verlag, Wien 1929 7 CES Edmund Husserl, Die Krisis der europäischen Wissenschaften und die transzendentale Phänomenologie. Eine Einleitung in die phänomenologische Philosophie, hrsg. von W. Biemel, Husserliana Band VI, Nijhoff, Haag 1954; Engl.
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