2008A N N U a L R E P O R T

N E B R A S K A S T A T E

I T R C L O S L A C I R O T S I H

2007–2008A N N U A L R E P O R T

I T Y T E I C CHALLENGE RUNS THROUGH THE STORIES OF NEBRASKA’S PAST, leaving an imprint on the present. Like the many-channeled Platte River, our history flows through the challenges of geography and climate, B O A R D O F T R U S T E E S economics and politics, changing cultures and changing ways of life.We Ken Bunger, Omaha pride ourselves as being a people shaped, but not bowed, by challenge. president Cheryl Clark, Elwood first vice president And the historical record is filled with examples: the inhabitants of Signal Ann Marsh, Grand Island Butte, who faced Great Plains weather in skin houses and traversed our second vice president great distances on foot with dogs; the Pawnee, whose earth lodge villages Frank Balderson, Scottsbluff treasurer were emptied by smallpox; Standing Bear, the Ponca chief who braved Michael Smith, Lincoln secretary imprisonment and death to keep a promise to his son; Millie Freeman, the Walter Brooks, Omaha quick-witted “schoolmarm” who saved her charges in the Blizzard of ’88; Nancy Haney, Lyman the taxpayers of Nebraska, who in the middle of the Great Depression built James Hewitt, Lincoln Dan Holtz, Peru a cash-on-the-barrelhead capitol inspiring the engraved motto,“Honour to Robert Peters, Omaha citizens who build an house of state where men live well;” the farmers Frank Potthoff, Palisade who survived recurrent cycles of hard times to feed their families and William Pratt, Omaha John Schleicher, Omaha eventually the world; the immigrants who over millennia have come to Roger Wehrbein, Plattsmouth a new place and made it their own. Bev Wilhelm, Unadilla David Wishart, Lincoln This annual report offers a look at some of the challenges the Nebraska State Historical Society met in 2007–08.We stand ready to continue to record the challenges and achievements of our peoples in this place.

nebraskahistory.org 2007–2008A N N U A L R E P O R T he Nebraska State Historical Society (NSHS) Beef State, one-hour documentaries co-produced by the traces its history back 130 years to 1878. We didn’t NSHS and NET (Nebraska Educational Telecommunica­ Tsurvive and grow over that period without calling tions) and released in 2007–08, are examples of first-rate on our ability to change and correct course, to build research and entrancing storytelling. The two partner relationships, and to respect and appreciate the assis­ entities have provided a fascinating look into the heart tance of all who are dedicated to this state. Perhaps this of Nebraska agribusiness and into preserving the things has never been as evident as in 2007–08. We were chal­ dear to our hearts. Be sure to tune in on NET or purchase lenged to reaffirm the position of the NSHS as an agency DVDs through the NSHS’s Museum Store. of the State of Nebraska, so designated by statute in Also thrilling to see in 2007–08 was the continued suc­ 1994. Through the leadership of our trustees, the hard cess of the Nebraska Institute teacher training program work of staff, the dedication of the volunteers, and the in which the NSHS partners with Nebraska Wesleyan support of members and friends, the NSHS succeeded. University and the Lincoln Public Schools. Few are born We thank each of you for your consideration, patience, knowing how to engage young people in history. The faith, energy, and financial support. Without you we Nebraska Institute, however, changes that. With training, would not have had this success. participating teachers discover new ways of encouraging In June 2008, the board approved a multiyear strategic students to explore Nebraska’s history, resulting in aston­ plan developed under the joint leadership of Board of ishing improvements in student comprehension and Trustees Vice President Cheryl Clark and staff member skills. Lynne Ireland. The plan addresses key issues: program­ Add new exhibits, expanding collections in both the ming, facilities, staffing, volunteers, and of course, both Museum and the State Archives, an historic preservation state and private funding. With every dollar precious and program that contributes mightily to the economic well­ the use of every hour vital in fulfilling the NSHS’s mis­ being of Nebraska, the Ford Conservation Center, Office sion, strategic thinking and planning are essential. We of the State Archeologist, and Nebraska History, one of are instilling this value in the minds of trustees and staff. the best designed journals around, and what do you We are confident we are growing in efficiency as we pro­ have? The Nebraska State Historical Society. If you are vide our broad range of historical services for Nebraska. not a member, now is the time to make that commit­ ment. If you are a member, renew. You’ll not regret it. All history is not equal, of course, in its quality or its abil­ Thank you again. ity to raise questions, frame civic discussion, and be of use to the people. The NSHS remains committed, how­ ever, to the best in history whether it is work done by others using our collections or history that we ourselves Charles K. “Ken” Bunger Michael J. Smith produce and distribute. Saving Nebraska’s Treasures and President Director/CEO

1 P R E S E R V A T I O N P A Y O F F

sites and museums annually, and 38.5 percent of these visitors are from out of state. In 2005 alone, visitors racked up 546,000 overnight trips when traveling throughout the state and took 50 percent longer trips than other travelers. These same visitors tended to travel in larger groups and spent nearly two and a half times more than other travelers per overnight stay. Restoration of historic buildings and properties is benefi­ cial, too. From 2001 to 2005, $230 million was spent on historic buildings. Part of this sum was generated from the more than $160 million invested in 53 projects under a program of federal historic preservation tax incentives from 2000 to 2006. Because of these projects, 902 hous­ ing units were added in the state. That number included 253 units for low-to-moderate income residents. Entire towns have also benefited from historic preserva­ tion. The Nebraska Lied Main Street program, a compre­ hensive effort to revitalize downtowns through historic preservation, had a larger-than-national-average invest­ ment ratio of $35 for every one dollar in local program expenditures for the reporting year of 2006–07. Historic

ROVING THAT THE PAST BENEFITS THE PRESENT designation of neighborhoods and downtowns is sometimes a challenge. But a new study shows enhances and protects property values. Historic districts Phistoric preservation generates $170 million annually as a whole showed increases in property values. in Nebraska’s economy. Preservation at Work for the Finally, historic preservation benefits individuals. $170 MILLION Nebraska Economy is a statement of fact as well as the Twenty-two jobs are created for every $1 million spent is generated annually in title of the findings of Rutgers University and the Univer­ in preservation dollars, and Nebraska currently boasts the Nebraska economy by sity of Nebraska-Lincoln Bureau of Business Research a total of 3,689 historic preservation-related jobs. investigators who looked at spending on historic build­ Preservation at Work for the Nebraska Economy reveals historic preservation. ings, jobs, and tourism from 2000 to 2007. some exciting statistics. Even more exciting than the The largest chunk is the $100 million generated from current data is the proof that the challenge of preserving tourism dollars at Nebraska’s historic sites and museums. the past can contribute to the economic vitality of Three million people visit Nebraska’s 200-plus historic Nebraska’s future.

2 The Nebraska State Historical Society collects, preserves, and opens C O N N E C T I N G O L D A N D Y O U N G

T’S CALLED THE INVESTIGATION STATION. Its size: room gets the adults talking about a different time.” about that of a small shop at the mall. Its colors: The ability of the room to teach multiple age groups Ibrilliant green, red, blue, and yellow. Its location: in made the challenges worth it, Keetle said. “When you the heart of the Museum of Nebraska History. Its chal­ get in an interactive room like this, adults like to play, lenge: to excite young people about their past by letting too. And you learn through play, so it is a neat experi­ them get their hands on history. ence for everybody.” Since it opened in March, this facility has engaged 1,000 Future additions will include more period clothing to 2,215 visitors a month, and exciting new additions will ensure allow young learners to place themselves among earlier students were bused to that visitors return. “The Investigation Station is always generations, an archeology timeline and excavation NSHS museums and changing,” Museum Educator Judy Keetle said. exhibit to teach how the earth itself holds history Currently, a visitor can load a one-fourth-scale wagon lessons, and embellishments to the tipi area to expand Investigation Station carts with supplies to discover what travelers on the Overland visitors’ ability to discover the life and culture of were funded by a Trail could take or had to leave behind; plan a frontier American Indians. A support pillar will be transformed town to provide what people needed to live on into the trunk of a cottonwood tree that will be a center­ $9,900 Nebraska’s prairies; experience a tipi and understand piece exploring Nebraska state symbols. grant from the Woods the rich complexity of life for Plains Indians; explore a 1920s auto touring camp; or discover games, puzzles, Charitable Fund, Inc. and other diversions from a past devoid of electronic entertainment. Combining creativity with authenticity and space con­ straints is a challenge for the Investigation Station’s designers. To deal with space limitations, the museum staff is creating more hands-on mobile carts that can be moved in and out of the room wherever they are needed. These carts are well received by visitors, but Keetle said that the greatest success is that visitors are using it the way it was intended to be used. “People are interacting with the room the way we hoped,” Keetle said. Interestingly, adults seem to enjoy the room just as much as children. “It is fun to see the different generations come in and hear the conversations they have,” Keetle said. “The

to all, the histories we share. 3 C O M M U N I C A T I N G T H E P A S T

ELLING NEBRASKA’S STORIES and preserving its past are core to the mission of the Nebraska TState Historical Society. Doing both in ways that reach across the state’s 77,000 square miles is an ongoing challenge. But partnership 1,008 with (NET) Nebraska Educational Telecommunications historic objects were broadcasts Nebraska history programming into every household in the state, and through the Internet, shares treated by the Nebraska’s stories with the world. NSHS conservators. After Nebraska became a state in 1867, cattle replaced the buffalo (bison) that thrived for thousands of years on tical information they can use to save the objects they Nebraska’s lush grassland and in so doing became the hold dear. In attics, underneath beds, on shelves, our base of our largest industry. That story was largely untold heritage is slowly disintegrating. Most people, even those until now. working in museums and libraries, don’t know what to do to outwit the ravages of time. Conservators from the The NSHS joined with NET and other partners to pro­ NSHS Ford Conservation Center have spread the word duce Beef State, a major television documentary that first about collections care three ways: a one-hour television aired in June 2008 and was rebroadcast several times. show with behind-the-scenes looks at the art and Beef State is not just about the cattle; it is about people. science of conservation, plus doable steps viewers It is about the challenges faced by Nebraska ranchers, can take at home; distance learning workshops offering farmers, packing plant workers, and cattle buyers caring more extensive information; and a Web site, for their cattle, riding out economic hardships and www.savingtreasures.org, with a myriad of resources, surviving raging blizzards, stifling heat, and the grime video demonstrations, and links people can use to im­ and stench that are part and parcel of the meat industry. prove the health of their heirlooms. A complementary Web site (www.netnebraska.org/ In addition to NET, partners include the Nebraska extras/beefstate/) lets visitors see the documentary, Library Commission, Nebraska Beef Council, Nebraska along with other stories not included in the final produc­ Cattlemen, Farm Bureau, Nebraska Corn Board, and the tion. Another Web resource, www.NebraskaStudies.org, Institute of Museum and Library Services with the Corpo­ was dramatically expanded with documents, photo­ ration for Public Broadcasting. Working with the private graphs, and stories combined with lesson plans to bring sector, state entities like NSHS provide important content this important piece of Nebraska’s history to Nebraska to the people of Nebraska. History is intrinsically students, both those in the classroom and life-long interesting and often entertaining; it can enlighten both learners of all ages. the present and the future. And telecommunications Saving Nebraska’s Treasures connects viewers with prac­ provides the tools to open this history to all.

4 O U T W I T T I N G T I M E

HE NATIVE AMERICAN COLLECTION of the nation comes from the pesticides artifacts were sprayed Nebraska State Historical Society is leaving its old, with decades ago to keep away bugs. worn-out lodgings and moving to first-class accom­ T “We’ve been testing for arsenic frequently,” Arenz said. modations. The process is called re-housing, and the “And we are feeling comfortable about the protection term is appropriate. of our employees and the collection.” To protect them­ The collection, which includes objects ranging from selves, the conservators never handle the artifacts with ceremonial headdresses to tipi poles, is currently housed their bare hands and wear protective coats and masks. on open trays that allow dust and other debris to settle Once protective gear is donned, the technicians begin on them. “It was in pretty dire need of re-housing,” the multitiered re-housing process. First, they take the Senior Museum Curator Deb Arenz said. artifact out of its current storage. Next, they survey the The project is funded by a major Save America’s artifact for damage which includes torn leather, broken Treasures grant and a generous gift by a private donor. feathers, loose beads, or residue left from adhesives The project has a budget of $460,000. The venture, which once used to fix the object. The staff never tries to began in September 2007, is now half finished. “We’re restore the artifact. Rather, they try to preserve it. “We doing great,” Arenz said. “Everything is going according leave the historic evidence,” Waite said. Objects requir­ to plan.” ing conservation are moved to the Ford Conservation In addition to preserving the artifacts, the project’s goal Center in Omaha for treatment by NSHS conservators. is to make the 3,334 objects’ information readily avail­ Once surveyed, the object is vacuumed to remove the able to the public. Many of the items are now accessible topmost layer of dust and then photographed. The pic­ from an online database. “The information is now avail­ ture is uploaded to the database along with the artifact’s able at a click of a mouse,” Arenz said. “The images can background information and, finally, the object is placed be sent to people across the country and across the into its new container. The process may include building world.” support systems to keep artifacts in their original shape. Gathering that information is just one task collection Waite and Koeppe have made support for moccasins technician Tina Koeppe and conservation technician and built baby-shaped bundles to place inside cradle Jessica Waite perform for each of the 35 to 40 artifacts boards. that pass through their gloved hands each week. The technicians say they enjoy their job even when The gloves the technicians wear are not to prevent working fervently to meet their deadline, cataloguing them from damaging the objects, but rather to keep the tipi poles, photographing upwards of 200 arrows one artifacts from hurting them—with arsenic. “One of our by one, or handling moccasins that retain the imprint of challenges has been that the entire collection had to be their original owners. “Who else gets to say, ‘I worked checked for contamination,” Arenz said. That contami­ with 150-year-old objects today?’” Waite said.

5 N S H S A W A R D S

HE NEBRASKA STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY annually recognizes individuals or organizations Tfor their contributions to the preservation and interpretation of Nebraska history. The 2007 awards The Museum of were presented October 26, 2007, during the NSHS Nebraska History is annual meeting in Lincoln.

1 OF ONLY 54 The Robert W. Furnas Award, which recognizes museums in America significant contributions to the Nebraska State Historical to have been accredited Society, went to Diane Oldfather of Lincoln. Oldfather is a major contributor to, and active supporter of, NSHS four times in succession. programs and events including the endowment for a Fewer then 8% of the paintings conservator at the Society’s Gerald R. Ford 10,000 museums nation- Conservation Center in Omaha. wide are accredited. The James L. Sellers Memorial Award goes to the author of the best article in the previous year’s volume of Nebraska History, as selected by a panel of judges. Tom White of Lincoln received the award for his article, The Addison E. Sheldon Memorial Award for out­ “From McCook to Whispering Smith,” which appeared standing contributions to the preservation and interpre­ in the winter 2006 issue. The article focused on the tation of Nebraska history was presented to the Nebraska McCook, Nebraska, years of author Frank Spearman. Lewis and Clark Bicentennial Commission. The commis­ The Sellers Award is supported by a fund at the Nebraska sion organized and coordinated the state’s 2004–06 State Historical Society Foundation established by John observance of the bicentennial of the Lewis and Clark and Catherine Sellers Angle. Expedition, including a national “signature” event.

The Nebraska Preservation Award signals significant The James C. Olson Memorial Award, presented for achievement in the preservation of Nebraska’s historic the first time in 2007, recognizes a Nebraska teacher who places. Joint recipients were Mary Rose Pinkelman, has engaged, inspired, and guided students to discover, Violet Pinkelman, Jeanette Pinkelman, Louise Guy, and enjoy, and learn from Nebraska history. Moni Hourt of Vicky Koch of St. James, Cedar County. They founded Crawford received the inaugural Olson Award for her the St. James Marketplace, a community market and many years of mentoring students to achieve outstand­ gathering place located in a historic former parochial ing success in local, state, and National History Day school. competitions.

6 F I N A N C I A L R E P O R T

N S H S F I S C A L Y E A R 2 0 0 8

R E V E N U E S E X P E N D I T U R E S State Appropriations ...... 63.62% ...... $4,151,068.24 Administrative Services ...... 22.23% ...... $1,395,641.97 Earned Income Museum/Historic Sites ...... 22.22% ...... $1,395,002.89 & Membership ...... 13.72% ...... $894,881.59 Library/Archives ...... 12.99% ...... $815,773.30 Federal Grants Archeology ...... 11.31% ...... $709,879.15 & Contracts ...... 18.79% ...... $1,226,280.03 Historic Preservation ...... 14.25% ...... $894,451.33 NSHS Foundation Support ...... 2.21% ...... $144,513.31 Donations, Grants Conservation ...... 9.86% ...... $619,036.26 & Special Events ...... 1.66% ...... $108,244.38 Research & Publications ...... 7.14% ...... $448,531.94

Total Revenues $6,524,987.55 Total Expenditures $6,278,316.84

Michelle Furby, Chief Financial Officer

7 N S H S S T A F F

Includes staff with partial year service. C O N S E R V A T I O N M U S E U M / H I S T O R I C S I T E S (Gerald R. Ford Conservation Center, Omaha) Karen Anderson, student intern A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Rebecca Cashman, conservation technician Deb Arenz, curator, museum collections Shawn Bachman, maintenance technician Michelle Como, conservation technician Jessica Bartak, tourism aide/guide, Neligh Mill Annie Bolender, custodian Jamie Freier, facilities maintenance State Historic Site Christina Bruce, security guard Megan Griffiths, conservation technician Ann Billesbach, associate director, Museum of Joan Clare, human resource services Lisa Grotrian, business manager Nebraska History coordinator Tina Koeppe, conservation technician Tom Buecker, curator and tourism facilities Seth Doty, IT infrastructure support Robert Kruger, student intern operator, Fort Robinson Museum Michelle Furby, budget officer Deborah Long, objects conservator Vicki Cobb, custodian, Chimney Rock Pam Garland, security chief Malgorzata Mahoney, conservation technician National Historic Site Roman Griser, security guard Julie Parker, conservator Holly Counts, tourism aide/guide, Lana Hatcher, secretary Julie Reilly, associate director/chief conservator Fort Robinson Museum Ed Heiden, facilities maintenance manager Vonnda Shaw, conservation technician Bryce Darling, facilities maintanence specialist Sheila Hein, tourism aide/museum store clerk Jessica Waite, conservation technician Alice Filbert, artist John Hitt, administrative assistant Donald Hall, tourism facilities operator, Lynne Ireland, chief education and H I S T O R I C P R E S E R V A T I O N Senator George W. Norris State Historic Site research officer Jill Dolberg, Nebraska historic building survey Del Johnson, custodian, Chimney Rock Meriah Johnson, custodian coordinator National Historic Site Martha Kimball, administrative assistant Teresa Fatemi, administrative assistant Judy Keetle, museum educator Colleen Maser, custodial supervisor Grant Landreth, program associate Signe Kniss, tourism aide/guide, Chimney Charles McWilliams, facilities maintenance Greg Miller, preservation historian Rock National Historic Site manager L. Robert Puschendorf, associate director/ John Lindahl, museum education associate/ Deb McWilliams, executive assistant/ deputy state historic preservation officer curator, Thomas P. Kennard House State volunteer services Terry Steinacher, preservation archeologist Historic Site Troy Park, custodian Stacy Stupka-Burda, National Register Laura Mooney, museum registrar William Parminter, security guard coordinator/architectural historian Don Ofe, tourism facilities operator, Vicki Pfeiffer, administrative assistant Neligh Mill State Historic Site Chad Rademacher, security guard L I B R A R Y / A R C H I V E S Curt Peacock, artist Kris Riggs, museum store manager Karlyn Anderson, registrar Loren Pospisil, tourism facilities operator, Jim Salber, custodian Dale Bacon, assistant curator, imaging services Chimney Rock National Historic Site Michael Smith, director/chief executive Salvador Barragan, curator, public records Alva Roberts, tourism aide/guide, officer/state historic preservation officer Pat Churray, assistant curator, reference Fort Robinson Museum Kelsey Soukup, security chief services Steve Ryan, designer Linda Wagaman, accounting clerk Dell Darling, imaging services technician Steve Scoggan, facilities maintenance Dick Yost, staff assistant Cindy Drake, curator, library/archives specialist, Fort Robinson Museum Paul Eisloeffel, curator, visual/audio Duane Tappe, tourism facilities operator, A R C H E O L O G Y collections Senator George W. Norris State Historic Site Kelli Bacon, archeological technician Andrea Faling, associate director/ Morgan Weitzel, tourism aide/guide, Anthony Bates, student intern state archivist Chimney Rock National Historic Site Gayle Carlson, associate director/ Linda Hein, assistant curator, state archeologist reference services R E S E A R C H & P U B L I C A T I O N S Melissa Dirr, architectural historian Mary Jo Miller, assistant curator, Debra Brownson, publications designer Nolan Johnson, archeological technician reference services John Carter, senior research folklorist Amy Koch, curator of anthropology Tom Mooney, curator, manuscripts Donald Cunningham, associate director/editor John Ludwickson, curator of anthropology Matt Piersol, assistant curator, Pat Gaster, assistant editor Andrew Moore, archeological technician reference services David Murphy, senior research architect Trisha Nelson, curator of anthropology Nancy Swetland, cemetery registry Jim Potter, associate editor/senior research Karen Steinauer, archeological technician Mary Woltemath, technical services, historian Pauline Wimberly, archeological technician microfilming Pippi Van Slooten, student intern

8 N S H S V O L U N T E E R S

olunteers at the Nebraska State Historical Society come to us Linda Meyers, Museum Store from many backgrounds and bring with them a wide range of talents Kristina Miller, Archeology Marty Miller, Library/Archives Vand skills. But all of them, whether students, salaried workers using Cynthia Monroe, Library/Archives their spare time or retirees, bring a passion for Nebraska history, and the Dorothy Munson, Museum Store Rich Oehlerking, Museum Docent hours they donate are vital to the continued work of the NSHS. Linda Oehlerking, Museum Docent Nancy Ofe, Neligh Mill Carol Patterson, Library/Archives ** Robert Peters Bob Pettit, Museum Collections Margaret Albers, Library/Archives Vince Goeres, Library/Archives, Research & ° Pat Phillips Scott Arganbright, Library/Archives Publications Kathy Plessman, Museum Docent Eric Bachenberg, Kennard House Docent Lori Gottula, Museum Store ** Frank Potthoff Cassandra Bachman, Museum Office Jenny Gustafson Patchen, Library/Archives ** William Pratt Eva Bachman, Library/Archives ° George Haecker Bonnie Quinn, Research & Publications Sam Baird, Museum Docent Jo Ann Hajek, Museum Store Richard Quinn, Library/Archives ** Frank Balderson Don Hall, Norris House Mary Rabenberg, Library/Archives Jessica Bartak, Neligh Mill Veldron Hall, Norris House Jeff Rathman, Archeology Anthony Bates, Archeology Cari Hancock, Archeology ° Catherine Renschler Dawna Bates, Norris House °** Nancy Haney Carole Riese, Museum Store ° Janet Jeffries Beauvais Joyce Hannawald, Library/Archives Brent Rogers, Library/Archives Candis Bomberger, Museum Docent Steve Havel, Archeology Hink Sahs, Docent, Kennard House Doug Boyd, Library/Archives Marcilee Hergenrader, Museum Docent R. McLaran (Mac) Sawyer, Museum Docent ** Walter Brooks ** James Hewitt ** John Schleicher Leonard Buchholz, Administration Donna Hinkley, Museum Docent Leah Schneider, Library/Archives Letha Buchholz, Administration Jenni Hoemann, Museum Store Gladys Shafer, Kennard House Docent Kay Buecker, Fort Robinson Tracy Hofmann, Museum Collections Rogene Silletto, Museum Store The Unicameral °** Ken Bunger ** Daniel Holtz ° Marianne Simmons Pauline Bussear, Library/Archives Glen Houtz, Museum/Kennard House Docent Betty Spahn, Museum Store Patricia Callies, Museum Store Don Humphrey, Museum Docent Clark Springman, Museum Docent appropriated and Kathleen Cannon, Archeology Jean Johnson, Library/Archives Terri Steadman, Library/Archives ° Nancy Carlson Jim Kendrick, Museum Docent Penny Stovall, Museum Docent Governor Heineman Jack Chaffin, Museum/Kennard House Docent Monica Kinde-Carson, Museum Store John Strope, Museum Videographer ** Cheryl Clark Tina Koeppe, Museum Collections Donald Swing, Museum Docent approved Sonia Colberg, Library/Archives Jeremy Lamprecht, Library/Archives Diana Tappe, Norris House Pat Cole, Museum Collections Billie Lefholtz, Docent, Kennard House Duane Tappe, Norris House MILLION Floyd Counts, Fort Robinson Mary Lienemann, Museum/Kennard House Jerry Tharp, Museum Docent $6.2 Doug Damuth, Museum Docent Docent ** Roger Wehrbein for environmental ° Paul Demers Nina Little, Gerald Ford Conservation Center Brent Wegher, Norris House Duane Dorman, Library/Archives Charlene Lyman, Library/Archives Lisa Westerholt, Library/Archives and fire/life safelty Amber Doty, Administration Judi Madron, Norris House ** Bev Wilhelm Steven Ebers, Historic Preservation Michael Maly, Museum Store, Investigation Erin Willis, Library/Archives improvements at Dorene Eisentrager, Museum Store Station Karen Windhusen, Museum Docent Anthony Epp, Library/Archives ** Ann Marsh ** David Wishart NSHS headquarters. Kasey Farwell, Museum Store ° Jim McKee Maureen Worden, Museum Docent Brenda Fields, Museum Collections Pat McLaughlin, Library/Archives Lowell Zetterman, Museum Docent Phyllis Fischer, Museum Docent Robert Meininger, Library/Archives, Museum Judy Frederick, Museum Store Collections ° State Historic Preservation Board ° Nancy Gillis Sherry Miller Melecki, Museum Store ** NSHS Trustee

9 N S H S F A C I L I T I E S

• Nebraska State Historical Society 1500 R Street P. O. Box 82554 Lincoln, NE 68501-2554 402-471-3270 or 1-800-833-6747 Fax: 402-471-3100

• Museum of Nebraska History 15th & P Streets, Lincoln, NE 402-471-4754

• Gerald R. Ford Conservation Center 1326 S. 32nd Street, Omaha, NE 402-595-1180

• Chimney Rock National Historic Site 1.5 miles south of Hwy. 92, Bayard, NE 308-586-2581

• Fort Robinson Museum 3200 W. Hwy. 20, Crawford, NE 308-665-2919 • John G. Neihardt State Historic Site Corner of Elm & Washington Streets Bancroft, NE 1-888-777-4667

• Thomas P. Kennard House 1627 H Street, Lincoln, NE 402-471-4764

• Neligh Mill State Historic Site 32,000 N Street at Wylie Drive, Neligh, NE 402-887-4303 teachers’ guides were downloaded from • Senator George W. Norris www.nebraskastudies.org. State Historic Site 706 Norris Avenue, McCook, NE 308-345-8484

• Willa Cather State Historic Site 326 N.Webster Street, Red Cloud, NE 402-746-2653

10 2007–2008N S H S F O U N D A T I O N

hose who expect moments of change to wind of premieres on two ends of the state. The founda­ be comfortable and free of conflict have not learned tion threw a premiere party at the Haythorn Ranch in Ttheir history.—Joan Wallach Scott Arthur County to introduce this documentary to its The Nebraska State Historical Society Foundation contin­ patrons in western Nebraska. It was a grand event with ued to face the challenges of change this past year. At good company and even better prime rib! times it was uncomfortable, but there were also goals The foundation also hosted two small gatherings, one at realized and great accomplishments that are worth the Ford Conservation Center in Omaha and another at sharing. And as usual, we have many, many people to Maple Lodge in Lincoln, in support of the acquisition of whom we owe great thanks. an important photographic album. The pictorial history Allison Petersen, board member, trustee, and former of the Omaha Tribe near Walthill and Macy during the president, has continued to spend countless hours in the winter of 1909–1910 provides extraordinary documenta­ foundation office assisting the new staff in going through tion of the lifestyle of the tribe during that time. I am all the paperwork and organizing files. Thank you to pleased that the foundation was able to raise the money Allison for her commitment, hard work, and terrific needed to acquire this historically rich and valuable results. album. John Webster, Bruce Frazier, Andy Strotman, and As always, the foundation’s board is extremely grateful Joanne Shepherd all left the board this year after provid­ to all who have contributed to our very worthy objective ing many years of excellent leadership. To these four of supporting the Nebraska State Historical Society in people I extend the deep gratitude of the foundation for its quest to gather, preserve, and present the wonderful dedicated service. Carol Zink, Nancy Davis, Rick Wallace, history of Nebraska. To all contributors, great and small and Rod Walker were all added to the board last spring. alike, “Thank you!” They bring with them a wealth of knowledge and experi­ ence and are welcome additions. Beef State, a joint production of the Nebraska State Historical Society and NET (Nebraska Educational Steven E. Guenzel, President Telecommunications), was released in May in a whirl­ Nebraska State Historical Society Foundation

11 N S H S F O U N D A T I O N

S T E W A R D S O F N E B R A S K A H I S T O R Y Diane H. and Charles E. Oldfather, Lincoln Fricke Logging, Crawford Perpetually recognizes individuals and organiza- Vada and Col. Barney Oldfield, Los Angeles, CA Friedland Family Foundation, Omaha tions for generous gift leadership totaling Oregon Trail Community Foundation, Nancy and David Friedland, Omaha $50,000 or more, including contributions of Scottsbluff Joan Gibson and Donald Wurster, Omaha cash and property made during or after lifetime Richard S. Palmer Trust, Tulsa, OK Dr. Charles M. Godwin, Lincoln or a commitment for future support at this level. James M. Paxson, Omaha Dorothy and Maurice Hevelone, Beatrice Olivia Pound Estate, Lincoln Marjorie and Dr. James W. Hewitt, Lincoln Jack A. Ringwalt Trust, San Ramon, CA Anna M. Huber, Blair The Ethel S. Abbott Charitable Foundation, Amy L. Scott Family Foundation, Omaha Charles E. Humberger Estate, CA Lincoln Ruth Sheldon Estate, Lincoln NE Given in memory of Emma Coffin Ahmanson Foundation, Beverly Hills, CA Stockman Family Foundation, Baltimore, MD Humberger Marjorie L. Barstow Estate, Lincoln Constance M. Syford Estate, Lincoln HunTel Systems, Inc., Blair Given in memory of Lt. Adrian DePutron Alice A. Thorngate Estate, Madison, WI Junior League of Lincoln, Lincoln Ruby and Walter Behlen, Columbus Jan Two Bears Falcon, Kamiah, ID Kay C. (Plummer) Kimberly, Big Springs and Grace Carmody, Trenton University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln Tom J. Plummer, Jr., Ogallala Given in memory of Arthur Carmody Luceil Vogt Trust, Sun City, AZ Given in memory of Ellen Ora (Whitney) Flavia Waters Champe Estate, Lincoln Harold Warp, Chicago, IL Plummer Given in memory of John L. Champe Evelyn Lageschulte Weese and Francis Mildred L. Kotouc, Omaha Irving S. & Jeanette Moore Chapin Estate, Lageschulte, Lincoln Barbara Kuhn, Lincoln Lincoln Geneva Wheeler Estate, Lincoln Lillian F. Lappe Estate, Trenton Helen E. Clough, Lincoln Nevada Wheeler Estate, Lincoln Frank R. Leu/Leu Foundation, Nashville, TN Thomas Creigh, Hastings Woods Charitable Fund, Inc., Lincoln Given in memory of James Thomas Wray Given in memory of Dorothy Weyer Creigh Ronald D. Yost Estate, Denver, CO Lienemann Charitable Foundation, Inc., Dillon Foundation, Lincoln Lincoln Don Dillon, Lincoln G U A R D I A N S O F N E B R A S K A H I S T O R Y Lincoln Community Foundation, Lincoln Drew Foundation (Jack, Helen, Louis and Perpetually recognizes individuals and organ­ Allan Lozier, Omaha Jean), Omaha izations for generous gift leadership totaling Kathleen M. Lute, Ogallala First National Bank of Omaha, Omaha $10,000 to $49,999, including contributions of Given in memory of Robert F. Lute II J. Paul Getty Foundation Trust, Los Angeles, CA cash and property made during or after lifetime Julie Morsman Schroeder Foundation, The Corinne S. Gilligan Foundation, Nebraska or a commitment for future support at this level. Waterloo City National Society of the Colonial Dames of Annadora Foss Gregory Estate, Crete Alice V. Abel, Lincoln America in the State of Nebraska Hawks Foundation, Omaha Abel Foundation, Lincoln Nebraska Press Association, Lincoln Martha H. and Gilbert Hitchcock Foundation, Halcyon M. Allsman, Lincoln David Oldfather, Kearney Omaha Marian and Harold Andersen, Omaha Omaha Community Foundation, Omaha Richard and Mary Holland, Omaha Helen Nance Anderson Estate, Lincoln, Omaha World-Herald Foundation, Omaha Richard Hunt, Herman Catherine and Jim Sellers Angle, Lincoln Judith M. and Ronald K. Parks, Papillion Iowa West Foundation, Council Bluffs, IA Alan & Marcia Baer Family Charitable Trust, Given in memory of Hazel Virginia Hill Fay Sherwin Johnson Estate, Seward Omaha Parks and Wayne Kemper Parks 782,964 Peter Kiewit Foundation, Omaha Beulah E. Bedke, Lincoln Kitty M. Perkins Foundation, Hastings Lozier Foundation, Omaha E. Louise and Russel D. Brehm, Lincoln Allison D. and Gary L. Petersen, Walton users visited Gladys Marie Lux, Lincoln Bridges Investment Counsel, Inc., Omaha Quivey Bay State Foundation, Scottsbluff Given in memory of Mary Hannah Hansen Cooper Foundation, Lincoln Alice and Ross H. Rasmussen, Fremont the NSHS Web site, Lux and Clarence Burton Lux Coopers & Lybrand L.L.P., Dallas, TX Beatrice “Mike” and Joe R. Seacrest, Lincoln Mary C. and Charles W. Martin, Omaha Mildred and Senator Carl Curtis, Lincoln Joe W. and Ruth K. Seacrest Fund, Lincoln a 22% increase. Capitola Mechling, Lincoln Nene and Dr. John B. Davis, Omaha The Steinhart Foundation, Inc., Nebraska City Museum of Nebraska Art, Kearney R. Joe Dennis Foundation, Bellevue Sterns Charitable Foundation, Inc., Lincoln National Endowment for the Humanities, Douglas Theatre Company, Lincoln Robert H. Storz Foundation, Omaha Washington, DC Margre H. and Charles W. Durham, Omaha Swanson Biggs Adams Family Foundation, Nebraska Beef Council, Kearney Florentine Films, Walpole, NH Lincoln

12 nebraskahistory.org/foundation B O A R D O F D I R E C T O R S & O F F I C E R S

U S West Foundation, Omaha James and Rhonda Seacrest, Lincoln Robert and Marjorie Sorensen, New York, NY Steven E. Guenzel, Lincoln Vera F. Warner and Cecile Gladys Warner Ruth Sorensen, Lincoln Susan and Richard Spencer, Lincoln presidentt Estate. Given in memory of George Union Pacific Railroad, Omaha * L. Joe Stehlik, Pawnee City Jack D. Campbell, Lincoln Washington Warner * Anne Weaver, Omaha John and Jo Stewart, Lincoln vice president Nancy and John W. Webster, Omaha * John and Nancy Webster, Omaha Charles and Anne Trimble, Omaha Allison D. Petersen, Walton Given in memory of William B. Webster Wyman Youth Trust, Seattle, WA secretary Patron ($500–$999) White Grain Company, Neligh Bridges Investment Counsel, Inc., Omaha John F. Dittman, Lincoln Gloria and S.N. “Bud” Wolbach, Grand Donor ($100–$249) * Jack and Sally Campbell, Lincoln treasurer Island Margaret and John Allington, Lincoln Terrence and Catherine Ferguson, American Angus Association, St. Joseph, MO Cloyd Clark, McCook Omaha Ralph Anderson, Tekamah Major Benefactor ($100,000 and Over) James C. Creigh, Omaha Drew Foundation (Jack, Helen, Louis and * John Guenzel, Lincoln Catherine and John Angle, Lincoln Nancy Davis, Omaha Jean), Omaha * Steven and Judy Guenzel, Lincoln Samuel Baird, Superior Richard S. Palmer Trust Mary and Peter Hasselbalch, Lincoln * Ellen Baldwin, Lincoln James W. Hewitt, Lincoln Stockman Family Foundation, Baltimore, MD Judy and Patrick Kennedy, Omaha * Carrie Bence, Lincoln F. William Karrer, Omaha * Kay and Mike Kimberly, Big Springs June Bentley, Albion JoAnne D. Kissel, Lincoln ($50,000–$99,999) * ** William and Ann Marsh, Grand Island Douglas and Louise Bereuter, Alamo, CA Richard and Mary Holland, Omaha James and Linda McKee, Lincoln Robert and Joanne Berkshire, Omaha Carol F. Maddux, Wauneta Amy L. Scott Family Foundation, Omaha ** William and Linda Pratt, Omaha Virgil and Linda Berney, Grand Island Martin A. Massengale, Lincoln * Ann and James Rawley, Lincoln * Keith and Mary Ann Blackledge, North Platte James F. Nissen, Lincoln ($10,000–$49,999) Larry and Jeanne Reynolds, Lexington Anonymous Louis Blumengarten, Brooklyn, NY David H. Oldfather, Kearney * Joanne Shephard, Valentine Dillon Foundation, Lincoln Betty and Rodney Bohac, Norfolk L. Joe Stehlik, Pawnee City * Louise and Russell Brehm, Lincoln Charles Humberger Estate, CA Sustainer ($250–$499) William Buffett, Alington, MA Rodney Walker, Omaha Barbara and William Kuhn, Lincoln Wallace Becker, Lincoln Donna and Robert Carlberg, Seattle, WA Rick Wallace, Lincoln Lienemann Charitable Foundation, Inc., * Harley and Marcia Bergmeyer, DeWitt * Grace Carmody, Trenton John R. Wunder, Lincoln Lincoln * Virginia and Bill Coffee, Harrison Sandra and Duane Carter-Duff, Denver, CO Lozier Foundation, Omaha Cornhusker Bank, Lincoln Carol Zink, Lincoln Catherine and Stanley Caton, Fresno, CA * John and Barbara Doyle, Lincoln Pamela and Thomas Cerny, Ralston ex officio (NSHS representatives): ($5,000–$9,999) ExxonMobil Foundation Retiree Chief Industries, Inc., Grand Island Ken Bunger, Omaha, president Ahmanson Foundation, Beverly Hills, CA Matching Gift Program, Princeton, NJ * Cloyd and Linda Clark, McCook Julie Morsman Schroeder Foundation, Chet and Jane Fliesbach, Scottsbluff Frank Balderson, Scottsbluff, treasurer **Cheryl and Carlton Clark, Elwood Waterloo * Kathleen and William Fowles, Grand Island Michael Smith, Lincoln, director/ceo William and Virginia Colwell, Pawnee City * Diane Oldfather, Lincoln E. Jane Graff, Seward * Betty and William Cook, Beatrice The Greater Cincinnati Foundation, ($2,500–$4,999) Betty Lou and Charles Craft, Roca Cincinnati, OH E X E C U T I V E C O M M I T T E E * Ann and Richard Hudson, Walton Sara and John Crook, Peru Alfred and Marcelle Holck, San Rafael, CA B. J. and Norma Cunningham, Grand Island Steven E. Guenzel, Lincoln, chair Benefactor ($1,000–$2,499) * Kirk and Trula Jamison, Lincoln Edith Cunningham, Belford, NJ Jack D. Campbell, Lincoln Peter and Ann Bleed, Lincoln Andrew MacAoidh Jergens, Cincinnati, OH Rosemary and Leo Daly, Omaha Nancy F. Davis, Omaha Donlan Foundation, Lincoln Helen and John Kenefick, Omaha Berwyn Jones and Martha Davies, Lincoln Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund, Boston, MA * Sydney and John Kruse, Walthill John F. Dittman, Lincoln Ellen and Raymond DeVries, Lincoln * ** James and Marjorie Hewitt, Lincoln Howard Lange, Arlington, VA James F. Nissen, Lincoln * Karen and Gerald Dimon, Lincoln Margaret Howie, Lincoln Graham and Sally Lusk, Omaha * Kim and Tom Dinsdale, Grand Island Allison D. Petersen, Walton Lincoln Community Foundation, Lincoln * Carol and Wilfred Maddux, Wauneta John Ellsworth, Omaha Carol Zink, Lincoln * David and Roxanne Oldfather, Kearney * Martin and Ruth Massengale, Lincoln * Lila and Glen Fiebig, Alliance Omaha Community Foundation, Omaha Gary and Faye Moulton, Lincoln * Allison and Gary Petersen, Walton Mitzi Fox, Albion Pearson’s Inc., Thedford S t a f f Pinnacle Bank, Neligh Robert Rodgers, Graham, TX Meg Klosterman Kester, annual program/ James and Gail Potter, Chadron Jenny and Ted Rudberg, Paradise Valley, AZ * NSHS Foundation Trustee membership coordinator Diane Rolfsmeyer and Nick Partsch, * Greg and Carolyn Samuelson, Omaha Lincoln Wayne and Darlene Schild, Austin, TX ** NSHS Trustee Denise Boline, operations manager

13 The Nebraska State Historical Society Foundation secures private funding to support

* Bruce and Gail Frasier, Omaha Paula and Stephen Nelson, Platteville, WI Contributor (Up to $100) Stephanie and John Frey, Ogallala Herbert and Dorothy Nelson, Sidney Richard and Mary Allen, Lincoln James Fruehling, Beatrice Cynthia Nourse, Half Moon Bay, CA Tom and Jane Allman, Lincoln John and Carol Gale, Lincoln Nustyle Development Corporation, Lorraine Anderson, Lincoln Walter Geist, Milford, NJ Woodbine, IA Mike Andsager, LaVista * Joan Gibson and Donald Wurster, Omaha Jarret and Sharon Oeltjen, Tallahassee, FL Melvin and Dorthy Argabright, Lincoln Grafton and Associates, Lincoln Marilyn Offutt, Omaha AT&T Matching Gift Program, Princeton, NJ Grapevine/City Spirits, Lincoln Olsson Family Foundation, Lincoln Gail and Dana Atkins, Shorewood, WI Fred and Karen Greguras, Los Altos, CA Katherine and Harlan Opie, Olathe, KS **Frank and Betty Balderson, Scottsbluff Robert Haller and Marcella Noe-Shortt * Mary and John Peck, Columbus Jim Banas, Chicago, IL Haller, Lincoln Esther Pilster, Omaha Frank and Ruth Ann Barrett, Omaha * Richard and Elaine Hammer, Lincoln Dean and Janice Podoll, Lavista Roland and Ingrid Barth, Bellevue John and Mary Lou Hanson, Indianola Beverly and Jack Pollock, Ogallala * Jean Bell, Des Moines, IA The Harding Newman Family, Omaha Elden Portschy, Lincoln Bernard Berger, Crawford Richard Hay, Lincoln * Neal Ratzlaff, Omaha Ellen and Charles Beshaler, Arnold Bob Henderson, Alliance * John and Linda Rehberg, Springfield Kathleen and Robert Best, Omaha * Margaret and Charles Hermes, Hastings Theodore and Ginger Rehman, Omaha Jerry Bland, Omaha Mary Hessler, Lincoln Charles and Laureen Riedesel, Beatrice Helen and Michael Boosalis, Lincoln Richard and Beth Hill, Fort Collins, CO Nels Robitaille, Roca Mabel Boyd, Omaha John Hofferber, Geneva Helen Roeske, Lincoln Jennifer Brand and Nicholas Webb, Lincoln Claire and John Hoppe, Lincoln William and Judy Roper, Lincoln Twyla and Robert Bray, Fairbury **Daniel and Alice Holtz, Nebraska City Laurence and Edna Rubottom, Philip, SD Margaurite and John Brower, Fullerton Norman and Barbara How, Omaha Molly and Paul Rundle, Brady William and Lesley Browne, Lincoln A. B. Hudson, Maple Hill, KS Eleanor Sack, Crete Caroline and Donald Caauwe, Lincoln Richard Jensen, Lincoln Suzanne and Walter Scott, Omaha Therese and Mike Campbell, Gretna * Susan Johnson, Lincoln * Ann and Frank Sidles, Lincoln John Carter, Omaha * James and Ruth Keene, Omaha Marianne and Ray Simmons, Fremont William Christensen, Fremont William and Virginia Kiburz, Lincoln Mark and Diann Sorensen, North Platte Lawrence and Corliss Clay, Kennewick, WA John and Beth Klosterman, David City Helen and Mike Stauffer, Kearney Carl and Shirley Clopeck, Lincoln * Earlene Knox, Lincoln Clement Steinauer, Tecumseh James and Pat Cole, Lincoln Theodore and Kathleen Kooser, Garland Virginia Steinke, Brule James and Laura Commers, Omaha Carol Kraus, Brule * Andrew and Jane Strotman, Lincoln Community Assistance Initiative, Lincoln David and Victoria Krecek, Omaha Scott and Jennifer Svoboda, Sargent Mary Ann Daily, Cambridge, MA Kimball and Bruce Lauritzen, Omaha * Dennis Swanson, Bassett Harl Dalstrom, Omaha Roger Lempke, Lincoln Clare and Roberta Sward, Lincoln Hal and Mary Daub, Omaha George and Billie Lewis, Austin, TX Thomas and Sue Tallman, Lincoln Roy Davis, Neligh * Janice Lipovsky and Jacob Smith, Lincoln Martha Thomas, Wymore George and Barbara Day, Lincoln Robert and Elaine Luedke, Bethesda, MD George and Elizabeth Ulbrick, Lawrence, KS Gail Didonato, Omaha Mammel Family Foundation, Omaha Grace Varney, Lincoln Robert and Tanis Diedrichs, Cedar Falls, IA Mary Ann and Ron May-Pumphrey, Rosalyn and Lloyd Vogler, Ashland Mary Doak, Lincoln San Jose, CA * Rodney and Vicki Walker, Omaha Art and Rosemary Dobson, Lincoln John McBride, Lincoln Martha Ellen and Jerry Webb, Omaha Dan Donahue, Bellevue Pamela McGovern-Joy, Lancaster, PA Richard Wehrs, Seward Joan and Robert Downey, Lincoln Merck Partnership for Giving, Princeton, NJ * Judy and Ross Wilcox, Lincoln Leta Powell Drake, Lincoln George Miller, Plattsmouth Nancy Woelfl, Omaha W. Duggan, Lincoln James Milliken, Saratoga, CA Tommy and Diane Woodruff, Aurora, CO Frank and Mary Dupuis, Brandon, FL Donna and Chuck Moyer, Wood River * Dale and Mary Young, Lincoln Richard and Carolyn Edwards, Lincoln * George and Marilyn Moyer, Madison David and Julie Zahn, Syracuse Eugene Edwards, Lincoln Willis and Dorothy Mundt, Green Valley, AZ Gary Zaruba, Kearney Lee and Ellen Ehlers, Omaha Benjamin Neff, Lincoln * Carol and Walter Zink, Lincoln Dorene Eisentrager, Lincoln

14 an increased understanding and appreciation of Nebraska history.

Terry and Janet Enck, Grand Island Darlene Keller, La Plata, MD * Donald and June Pederson, Lincoln Paul and Kathryn Eveland, Ames Joseph Kenney, Omaha Thomas and Cara Perkins, Scottsbluff First Data Resources, Omaha Mary Beth Kernes, Julian Peru Historical Society, Peru * Deanna Foley, Omaha L. M. Kimpston, Omaha **Robert and Barbara Peters, Omaha Joan Foote, Lincoln Ken and Sue Kjoller, Coronado, CA Dean and Darlene Petersen, Lincoln * Robert and Jane Foote, Hastings Richard and Sally Knudsen, Lincoln Robert Pettit, Lincoln Donovan and Kathleen Foote, Hastings Gene and Connie Koepke, Kearney James and Mary Phelps, Crawford * Robin Forke, Lincoln Alton Kraft, Grand Island Phi Alpha Theta, Kearney Zina Foudray, South Bend Barb Kreitman-McCartney, Chadron Elaine Phillips, Beaver Crossing Norma and Elisha Fuller, Omaha KRVN AM/FM, Lexington Plainview Carnegie Library, Plainview Carol Gendler, Omaha Gretchen and Hal Lainson, Hastings Gary and Jean Pokorny, El Cerrito, CA Marie and Harold George, Dixon Judith Bucklin Lane, Lincoln Oliver and Karen Pollak, Omaha Pamela Gerlach, Towson, MD Louis and Rose Leviticus, Lincoln Vicki Pratt, Omaha Evelyn Geu, Sidney Vernon and Virginia Lindstrom, Omaha Clifford Pratt, Papillion Robert Grissom, Omaha Timothy and Linda Loker, Lincoln Robert and Joan Price, Papillion Jo Ann Hajek, Omaha Danforth and Mary Loring, Omaha Herbert and Elaine Probasco, Montrose, CO Judith Halpern, Kalamazoo, MI Loislane Lowe, Citrus Heights, CA Professional Photographers of Nebraska, James Hamff, Daytona Beach, FL Rex and Patricia Lucke, Elkhorn Kearney Thomas and Linda Hansen, North Platte Frederick and Norma Luebke, Eugene, OR Donald and Alyce Purvis, Lincoln Ramon and Donna Hansen, Carthage, NY Roland Lynch, Council Bluffs, IA Robert and Eileen Raun, Minden Donald Hanway, Lincoln Catherine Marcy, Ashland Ned and Essie Raun, Stillwater, OK Sharon Harkins, Walton James and Georgianne Mastera, Lincoln Robert Reed, Glastonbury, CT John and Eleanor Harris, Opelika, AL Thomas and Evelyn Vinduska McKnight, Lois and Steven Remmenga, Lincoln Bryce and Sandra Hastings, Lincoln Fremont Bryan Rettig, Lincoln Linda and Richard Hein, Lincoln C. Stephen and Carole Meyer, Hastings Allen Reynolds, Aiken, SC Lyman and Ardis Heine, Fresno, CA Dennis Mihelich, Omaha John Riggins, Santa Ana, CA Todd Heistand, Woodbine, IA Milford Historical Society, Milford Rita Robison, Alexandria, VA Phyllis Helzer, Chadron Carole and Ted Miller, Buena Park, CA Lillie and Ernie Rockenbach, Springfield * Candy and Tom Henning, Lincoln Dennis and Lorraine Moench, Omaha * Brad and Suzan Rohrig, Omaha Patricia and Patrick Henry, Lincoln Cynthia and Norman Monroe, Lincoln Lynn and Dana Roper, Lincoln Ruth and Robert Hicks, Lincoln Rosalind Morris, Lincoln Bob Rouch, North Platte Bruce and Cindy Hild, Neligh Laurel and Paul Muff, Martell Eliza and Don Sams, Lincoln Patricia Hilty, Geneva Aneta Murray, Franklin Eloise Santos, Haiku, HI Lloyd and Donna Hinkley, Lincoln Dorothy Neill, Lincoln Ann Satterthwaite, Washington D.C. Richard and Marilyn Hitz, Lincoln Karen and Larry Nelsen, Omaha SBC–Southern Bell Communications, Paul and Barbara Hodgson, Omaha * Conrad and Lucy Nelson, Lincoln Princeton Lois Holeman, San Ramon, CA Connie and Marshall Nelson, Falls City Donald and Norma Schaufelberger, Melissa Homestead, Lincoln Glenn Nelson, Mead Columbus Grant and Joan Howard, Frederick, MD Diana Nevins, Omaha DiAnna and Herbert Schimek, Lincoln Margaret and Walt Huff, Lincoln Lisa and Denley Norman, Keystone **John Schleicher, Omaha Sharon Hull Caley, Columbus Stanley and Catherine Norsworthy, Fresno, Carroll and Clarence Schnurr, Harrison William and Dona Hurst, Lincoln CA Calvin and Pat Schulz, Paxton Melvon and Ruth Ireland, Bella Vista, AR Bryce and Frances Ohmstede, Lincoln Mark Schulze, Omaha Barbara James, Baldwin City, KS * Cynthia and Thomas Olson, Lisco Janice and Eugene Schwenke, Lincoln Merle and Darlene Jansen, Lincoln Marlowe and Betty Ann Olson, Omaha Amy Scott, Omaha Betty Ann Johnson, Lincoln Carolyn Orr, Omaha * Beatrice and Tom Seacrest, Lincoln Virginia and Kile Johnson, Lincoln Jan Osten, Columbus Gwenith and Keith Sheldon, Monte Vista, CO Robert and Martha Kaul, Lincoln Jane and Ray Otto, Ceresco Emanuel and Marie Shoemaker, M. Emilie Keas, Berkeley, CA John and Virginia Owens, Lincoln North Platte Roger and Judy Keetle, Lincoln Beverly Parrish, Hickman Sharon Sievers, Long Beach, CA

15 Gary and Margaret Sindelar, * James Weesner, Lincoln West Des Moines, IA **Roger Wehrbein, Plattsmouth Lolita Sinderson, Omaha Robert and Deborah Wigton, Omaha Travis and Linda Sing, Omaha Mary Wilmoth, Waldorf, MD William and Theda Skocpol, Cambridge, MS Douglas and Lois Wilson, Lincoln Leonard and Dolores Skov, Kearney Rick and Susie Windle, Lincoln Virgene and Virgene Sloan, Lincoln Elaine Wolf, Albion Wilburn and Darlene Smith, Pasco, WA Dan Worth, Lincoln Norman and Donna Smith, Albion * Charles and Suzanne Wright, Lincoln Pamela and Marcus Snow, Ashland Lonnie Wright, Albert, KS Mary and Willard Sommerhalder, Steinauer Lawrence Wulf, Lincoln Arlene and Harold Sorensen, Lincoln Anthony and Mary Yonkers, Bellevue Robert and Nancy Sorensen, Lincoln John and G. Wade Yost, New York, NY Karyn Stansbery, Bellevue Lyle and Marguerite Young, Lincoln Terri and James Steadman, Lincoln Sara Stephenson, Lincoln James and Nancy Stinson, Denver, CO I N D I V I D U A L S M E M O R I A L I Z E D Germaine and Walter Switzer, Lincoln T H R O U G H G I F T S Michael and Carol Tate, Omaha When a gift is made in someone’s memory, Lloyd and Lola Terpsma, Lincoln the next of kin of the deceased is notified, Paul and Patricia Tift, Brewster, WA and the funds are administered as specified Suzanne Toof Graham, Lincoln by the contributor. Unrestricted gifts are used U.S. Bancorp Foundation, Matching Gifts, wherever the need is greatest. Minneapolis, MN Richard and Eileen Vautravers, Lincoln Dee Murphy John and Jean Vincent, York Given by Paul and Molly Rundle, Brady Richard and Cynthia Vogt, Elmwood Jerry Mapes Janeen Vokoun, Kearney Given by Jack and Sally Campbell, Robert Walker, Beatrice Lincoln John Walters, Hemingford Given by The Grapevine/City Spirits, Gwen Weber, Omaha Lincoln

16 P H O T O I D E N T I F I C A T I O N Cover: Bridge collapse, Miller, Nebraska, 1907. Solomon D. Butcher. NSHS RG2608­ 3137a Page 1: One of seven tornadoes to hit Grand Island, June 3, 1980. Rod Gartner. NSHS RG0813-501 Page 2: South Omaha's Livestock Exchange Building, November 5, 1926. NSHS RG1085-2-2 Page 3: Laughing boys, about 1900. Fred Humphrey. NSHS RG0716-31-1 Page 4, left: Digging out the Chicago and North Western Railroad, 1949. NSHS RG3139-27 Right: Union Stockyards, Omaha, 1956. NSHS RG1085-06-06 Page 5: Katie Roubideaux, 1906. John Anderson. NSHS RG2969-165a Page 6, left: Margaret Gehrke, 1930. Edward Gehrke. NSHS RG0849-2-1 Right: Ephriam Swain Finch, about 1900, shows how he fought the 1876 grass­ hopper plague. Solomon D. Butcher. NSHS RG2608-2156 Page 7: East Custer County, Nebraska, 1888. Solomon D. Butcher. NSHS RG2608­ 1346 Page 8: Dr. G. E. Hartman, Randolph, Nebraska, 1915. NSHS RG0768-1 Page 9: Omaha tornado, April 1913. NSHS RG1121-15-3q Page 10: Nebraska State Capitol, September 7, 1928. NSHS RG1234-40-6 Page 12: Wind-powered mill, Bennet, Nebraska, 1875. NSHS RG2254-58-1 Pages 14–15: Digging an irrigation ditch, about 1900. NSHS RG5372a, b, c Page 16: Champion watermelons. NSHS RG3926-1-4 Inside back cover: Signing bomb shells after buying war stamps, July 12, 1943. Macdonald Studio. NSHS RG2183­ 19430712 Nebraska State Historical Society

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