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329 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 PK Gupta, Concepts And Index A Activated charcoal, 318 Abralin, 269 Active/facilitated transport, 29 Abric acid, 269 Active transport, 39, 53 Abrin, 269, 275 Acute toxicosis, 7 Absorption, 29–33, 302 Acyl glucuronides, 54 Absorption, distribution, metabolism Addictive drug, 303 (biotransformation) and elimination Addition/additive effect, 19 (ADME), 27, 38 Additive, 122 Abuse, 327 Additive effect, 20 Abused drugs, 156–159 Adenosine agonist, 58 Acaricide, 62 Adenosine antagonist, 58 Acceptable daily intake (ADI), 297 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 47, 53 Accidental, 75 Adjuvants, 14 ingestion, 144 Adrenaline, 184 poisoning, 10 β-Adrenergic blockers, 151 Accumulation, 17, 92 β-Adrenergic receptor, 151 Acepromazine, 145, 149, 152 α-Adrenergic receptor-blocking agents, 145 Acetaldehyde, 43, 74 Adrenergic receptor sites, 157 Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, 139 Adulterants, 157 Acetaminophen, 55, 148 Adverse biological response, 52 Acetic acid, 64 Affinity, 18, 128 Acetohydroxyacid synthase, 62 Aflatoxicosis, 203–206 Acetone, 74 Aflatoxin 8, 9-epoxide, 223 Acetylation, 28, 42 Aflatoxins, 204 Acetylation products, 34 Agathic acid, 238 Acetylcholine (ACh), 58, 61, 64, 65, 169, 224 Agent Orange, 4 Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), 47, 61, 80 Agonist, 18, 19, 55, 194 inhibition, 60 β2-Agonist, 130 inhibitors, 47, 63 Agricultural chemicals, 61 5-Acetyl-2,3-dihydro-2-isopropenyl- Agrochemicals, 59, 64–67, 69 benzofuran, 239 Albendazole, 23 Acetyl ICA, 238 Albuterol, 130 ACh receptors, 69 Alcohol dehydrogenase, 139 Acid dissociation constant, 39 Alcohols, 121, 123–125, 134 Acids, 129 Aldehyde dehydrogenase, 36, 38 Aconine, 253 Aldosterone, 152 Aconitine, 253, 270 Alfalfa hay, 182 Aconitum napellus, 253, 254 Algal poisoning, 193, 200 Acrolein, 47, 129 Algal toxins, 195 Acrylonitrile, 39 Algicides, 62 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 329 PK Gupta, Concepts and Applications in Veterinary Toxicology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22250-5 330 Index Aliphatic alcohols, 123 Anatoxin-a, 194 Aliphatic hydrocarbons, 123 Anatoxins, 182, 193, 200 Alkali disease, 107, 117 Androctonus, 168 Alkali milkvetch, 231 Androgen, 80 Alkaline, 117 Angel’s trumpet, 251 Alkaloid poisoning, 214 Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), 150 Alkaloids, 227, 243 Animal-derived products, 301 Alkyl benzene, 141 Animal health, 1 Allergens, 57 Animal kingdom, 166 Allergic host reactions, 171 Animal products, 302 Allergic reactions, 54, 166 Antacids, 46, 147 Allethrin, 70 Antagonism/antagonistic effect, 18 Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, 58 Antagonist, 19, 55, 58, 152 Alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist, 58 Antagonistically, 122 Alpha 2 agonist, 81 Anthracene, 122 Alpha-amanitin, 55 Anthraquinones, 266 Alpha-bungarotoxin, 58 Antibiotic resistance, 305 Alpha receptors, 224 Antibiotics, 191 Alpha toxin, 198 Anticoagulant Rodenticides, 71, 72 Alprazolam, 153 Anticoagulants, 60, 80, 313 Aluminum, 130 Anticoccidial, 191 Aluminum hydroxide, 147 Anti-Degnala liquor, 219 Aluminum phosphide, 61, 80, 118 Antidepressants, 153, 154 Alveolar macrophages, 57 Antidiarrheal, 159 Amanita, 268 Antidotal treatment, 60, 67 Amanita phalloides, 268 Antidotes, 2, 80 Amanitins, 49, 269 Antiemetics, 152 Amaranthus spp., 263 Antifreeze, 123 Amblyomma, 169 Antigenically, 188 Amblyomma variegatum Fabricius, 169 Antihistamines, 144–146 Ambush predator, 196 Anti-inflammatory, 305 American hellebore, 271 Antimicrobial drug resistance, 303 Amines, 166 Antimicrobials, 305 Amino acids, 49, 269 Antioxidants, 244 γ-Aminobutyric acid, 152 Anti-parasitic, 305 Aminophyline, 67 Antitussives, 144 Amitraz, 81 Antivenin, 183 Amitriptyline, 154 Antivenoms, 169 Amlodipine, 151 Ants, 171, 173, 182 Ammodendrine, 233 Aphanizomenon, 193 Ammonia, 32, 129, 313 Apocynaceae family, 252, 253 Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, 93 Apomorphine, 72–74 Amphetamines, 157 Apoptosis, 45, 46, 51, 52, 56 Amygdalin, 39, 261 Apparent volume of distribution (Vd), 28 Anabaena, 193 Apple of Peru, 251 Anaerobic, 188 Aquatic systems, 302 Anagyrine, 233 Aquilinum, 246, 247 Analgesia, 41 Araceae, 259 Analgesics, 75, 144, 147, 148 Arachnids, 167–170 Analytical chemistry, 309 Arandi, 254 Analytical methods, 314–315 Area under the plasma drug concentration- Analytical procedures, 310 time curve (AUC), 28 Analytical toxicology, 317 Argas, 169 Anaphylactic, 54 Argasidae, 169 Anaphylaxis, 54, 166 Arid, 117 Index 331 Arizona bark scorpion, 168 B Arsenic, 83, 118, 327 Bacitracin, 191 Arsenicals, 62 Baclofen, 57, 155 Arsenic intoxication, 86 Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), 206 Arsenic pentoxide, 116 Barbed, 171 Arsenic trioxide, 116 Barbiturates, 12, 149, 153 Arsenites, 85 Barbiturate toxicity, 13 Arsine, 116 Basophilic stippling, 99 Arsinilic acid, 116 Bauple nut, 293 Arthus reaction, 23 B cells, 57 Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, 55 Beard doughs, 293 Aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist, 40 Beauty mineral, 118 Ascorbic acid, 148 Bedlington Terrier, 117 Aspergillus flavus, 204, 221 Bees, 171, 173, 182 Aspergillus fumigatus, 221 Belladonna leaves, 11 Aspergillus niger, 204 Benazepril, 150 Aspergillus nomius, 204 Bentonite, 216 Aspergillus parasiticus, 204, 221 Benzalactone, 80 Aspergillus spp., 221 Benzaldehyde, 47 Aspergillus toxicosis, 206 Benzene, 40, 48, 123, 139–141 Aspirin, 43, 55 Benzimidazole fungicides, 211 Aster, 106 Benzocaine, 145 Astragalus, 106, 228–231 Benzodiazepines, 57, 80, 152, 153 Astragalus bisulcatus, 231 Benzopyrene, 40, 48 Astragalus emoryanus, 230 Benzoylmethylecgonine, 157 Astragalus miser var. hylophylus, 230 Benzphetamine, 157 Astragalus miser var. oblongifolius, 230 Beryllium, 84 Astragalus miser var. serotinus, 230 Beta toxin, 197–199 Astragalus pattersonii, 231 Bhang, 248 Astragalus pectinatus, 231 BHC, 68 Astragalus praelongus, 231 Bicarbonate, 75 Astragalus pterocarpus, 230 Bicuculline, 57 Astragalus racemosus, 231 Bidentate ligands, 84 Astragalus tetrapterus, 230 Bilateral malacia, 108 Atenolol, 151 Bile acid transport blockers, 195 ATPase, 46 Bile acid transporter, 55 ATPase activity, 174 Binding agents, 14 Atriplex, 106 Bioaccumulate, 131 Atropa belladonna (belladonna leaves), 11 Bioaccumulation, 8, 302 Atrophic vaginitis, 209 Bioactivation, 36, 39 Atropine, 11, 80, 252, 327 Bioactivation reactions, 36 Atropine flush, 75 Bioavailability, 39, 302 Atropine poisoning, 75 Biochemistry, 2 Atropine sulfate, 60, 67 Biological, 301 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Biological variation, 15, 16 (ADHD), 131 Biologic factors, 10–13 Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Biology, 2 Hohenheim, 3 Biomagnification, 102 Autumn crocus, 249 Biomagnified, 131 Avena spp., 263 Biotin, 148 Average daily intake (ADI), 304 Biotoxin, 7 Avocado fruit, 291 Biotransformation, 28, 34, 41, 42 Avocado poisoning, 290–291 Biphenyls, 302, 314 Axons, 197 Bipyridinium compounds, 63 332 Index Bipyridyl herbicide, 81 Bufo marinus, 174 Bipyridylium, 63 Bufo regularis, 174 Bipyridyls, 62 Bufotenines, 174 Bird repellents, 62 Bufotoxins, 174 Bitter almond smell, 325 Buprenorphine, 159 Bitter lupines, 214 Bupropion, 154 Biuret, 32 Burtonian line, 113 Black blister beetle, 173 Burton line, 118 Black henbane, 245 Bush nut, 293 Black nightshade, 245 Butabarbital, 153 Black patch disease, 218 Buthus spp., 168 Black widow, 183 Buttercup, 271 Black widow spiders, 167 Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 244 Bleaches, 122, 134 Blind staggers, 115, 117 Blister beetles, 174 C Blister beetle poisoning, 173, 174 Cadmium, 115, 118 Blister beetles, 166 Cadmium poisoning, 87 β-Blockers, 145 Caffeine, 145, 157, 292 Blood-brain barrier, 38 Calcification, 115 Blood organ barriers, 38 Calcipotriene, 155 Blood-testes barrier, 38 Calcium, 77, 135, 148 Blue-green algae, 187 Calcium aluminosilicates, 216 Blue-green algae poisoning, 193–195 CalciumATPase, 80 Blue rocket, 253 Calcium carbonate, 147 Bobtail disease, 108 Calcium channel blockers, 151 Boron, 77 Calcium channels, 55 Botulinum action, 224 Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic Botulinum antitoxin, 190 acid (CaEDTA), 99 Botulinum serotypes, 200 Calcium homeostasis, 139 Botulinum toxins, 187–190, 197, 198, 200 Calystegins, 245 Botulism, 182, 188–190 Cancer, 48 Bracken fern, 246, 247 Canine dysautonomia, 189 Brain membranes, 42 Cannabaceae family, 248, 249 Brassicaceae family, 258 Cannabinoids, 248 Brassica rapa, 263 Cannabis sativa, 158, 248, 249 British Anti Lewisite (BAL), 87 Cantharidin, 173 Brodifacoum, 71 Cantharidin poisoning, 173, 174 Bromadiolone, 71 Cantharidin toxicosis, 184 Bromethalin, 72, 314 Cap mushrooms, 49 Brominated bisphenols, 131 Capsaicinoids, 245 Brominated flame retardants (BFRs), 121, Capsicum annum, 245 131, 132 Captafol, 70 Bromocriptine, 58 Captan, 70 1-Bromopropane, 123 Captopril, 150 Broom snakeweed, 240, 241 Carbamates (CMs), 47, 60, 61, 80, 306, 314 Brown recluse, 183 Carbamates (CMs) insecticides, 63–68 Brown spiders, 168 Carbamazepine, 40 Brucine, 267 Carbon disulfide, 36, 61 Bubalus bubalis L., 219 Carbon monoxide (CO), 39, 121, 126–127, BuChE, 77 134 Bufo alvarius, 174 Carbon tetrachloride, 36, 123, 137 Bufo blombergi, 174 Carcinogenesis, 36 Bufogenins, 174 Carcinogenic, 9 Index 333 Carcinogenicity, 39, 303 Chemoinformatics, 6 Carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic Chenopodium spp., 263 (CMR), 6 Chick edema factor, 4 Carcinogens, 246 Chili pepper, 245 Cardenolide, 182 Chlorates, 62, 313 Cardiac glycosides, 253 Chlordiazepoxide, 153 Cardiotoxicity, 180 Chlorinated ethylenes, 123 Cardiovascular medications, 150–152 Chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds, 68 Carisoprodol, 155 Chlorinated hydrocarbons, 60, 141, 313 Carnivores, 32 Chlorinated solvents, 123 Carrier-mediated transport, 29 Chlorine, 47, 77, 129 Castilleja, 106 Chlorine
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