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The Many Panics of 1837: People, Politics, and the Creation of a Transatlantic Financial Crisis Jessica M Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-11653-4 - The Many Panics of 1837: People, Politics, and the Creation of a Transatlantic Financial Crisis Jessica M. Lepler Index More information Index Note: Page numbers with ‘n’ refer to notes in the text abolition, 123, 142–46, 232, 293n114 Anglo-American trade, 9, 12, 55, 104, 172, absconding, 127, 137–40 244 absquatulation, 137 Anglophone, 14, 118 Adams, Charles Francis, 146, 211–12, 236 Animal Spirits (Akerlof and Shiller), 250 Adams, John, 146 Annonay (France), 139 Adams, John Quincy, 64, 146 anti-Semitism, 113, 118, 143, 184, 252 Age of Jackson, The (Schlesinger), 246 Antwerp (Netherlands), 223 Akerlof, George A., 250 architecture, 14–15, 23–24, 34–35, 37–38, Alabama, 12, 30, 126–27, 144, 51, 65, 97, 108, 111, 115–16, 159, 166, 313n209. See also Mobile 168, 176, 180, 219–20 Albany (NY), 210 Arkansas, 12 Alcott, William, 81 Astor, John Jacob, 131 America. See United States of America Atchafalaya Rail Road & Banking Co., 224 American Anti-Slavery Society, 123, Atlantic Ocean, 4, 10, 13, 17, 27–28, 32, 36, 144–46 39, 41, 43–44, 51–52, 55, 59, 63–64, 130, American Child’s Pictorial History of the 132–33, 135, 139, 158–59, 167, 172, 175, United States (Goodrich), 240 200, 227, 247 American Frugal Housewife (Child), 75–76 Atlantic world, 36, 250, 323n87 American houses, 37–38, 41, 53–57, 59–61, Autobiography of Sam Simple, The, 212 95–104, 132, 136, 167–75, 199–206, 230–31, 270n46, 283n19. See also Baring bailouts: in London, 94, 101–4, 130, Brothers; Brown, Shipley & Co.; Lizardi, 132–33, 157–58, 168–75, 179, 190, F. de & Co.; merchant bankers; three Ws; 200–6; in New Orleans, 94, 108–10, 113, Wiggin, Timothy & Co.; Wildes, 175–83; in New York, 159–167, 183–90, George & Co.; Wilson, Thomas & Co. 194–96 American Journey, The (Goldfield et al.), 5 balance of trade, 12, 35, 39–40, 48, 57–61, American Political Economy (Bowen), 90 79, 135, 230 American Renaissance, 80, 232 Baltimore (MD), 37, 120–21, 209–10 Amsterdam (Netherlands), 25, 50, 58, 181, bank notes (bank bills, bank paper, paper 225–26 currency, paper money), 5, 15–17, 19–21, Andrews, Solomon, 126–28 33, 39, 53, 59, 62, 67–68, 84, 88, 107, 325 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-11653-4 - The Many Panics of 1837: People, Politics, and the Creation of a Transatlantic Financial Crisis Jessica M. Lepler Index More information 326 Index 159–61, 163, 180–82, 189, 191, 222, 225, 270n46. See also Baring 194–98, 207, 218–19, 226, 304n30, Brothers 312n177 Belfast (Ireland), 36 Bank of England (BOE), 5, 37–41, 45–48, Belgium, 36 53–67, 69, 73, 90, 95–104, 107–8, 110, Belmont, August, 134–36 130, 133, 146, 153, 157–58, 161–62, 165, Benjamin, Judah P., 232, 314n216 167–76, 178–81, 185, 190, 200–6, 211, Bennett, James Gordon, 57–59, 63–65, 142, 217, 221–23, 225, 227, 230–31, 236, 247, 163, 165, 183–84, 186, 189, 196, 267n117, 267n118, 271n70, 272n78, 199–200, 207–8, 210, 305n49. See also 296n13, 306n80, 312n182; Bill Office, New York Herald 95–99; Committee of Inspection, 95–99, Biddle, Nicholas, 20–21, 46, 64, 151–52, 110; Committee of the Treasury, 54, 56; 159–67, 182–83, 185, 188–90, 211, 225, Court of Directors, 39–41, 53–61, 90, 244, 246, 296n13, 320n66; Biddle’s 98–104, 133, 157, 168–79, 185, 200–3, Panic, 20–21, 46. See also Bank of the 230–31; Palmer Rule, 39–40, 53, 171, United States, Second 174, 201, 236, 267n117, 267n118 Biggs, Joseph, 136 Bank of France, 231 bill brokers, 17–18, 33, 35, 51–52, 56, 85, Bank of the United States, First, 185 110, 114, 125–26, 129–31, 140, 207. See Bank of the United States, Second (BUS), 4, also American houses; Andrews, 15–17, 19–24, 33, 41–42, 64, 85, 88, 105, Solomon; bills of exchange; Forstall, 131, 159–67, 172, 180–82, 190, 194, 209, Edmond Jean; Joseph, J.L. & S. & Co.; 211–12, 215, 225, 230–31, 244, 247, Lizardi, M. de & Co.; Nicolet, Théodore 262n67, 269n28, 296n13, 313n202, bills of exchange, 10, 16–20, 22, 27–40, 51, 320n66. See also bank wars; Biddle, 53–60, 67, 85, 95–103, 107, 109, 121, Nicholas 125, 130–36, 140–41, 158–60, 164, 172, bank runs, 47, 56, 92, 171, 184, 190, 182, 193, 203–5, 215–16, 222, 225, 254, 192–201, 212, 249, 251–52, 322n83 265n105; as acceptances, 10, 28, 40, 54, Bank School, 39 113, 265n105; as accommodation paper bank wars: in U.S., 19–23, 48–49, 161, 211, (kites), 109, 193–94, 228–29; discounting 220; in England, 38–39, 45–51, 53–57, of (discount rate), 16–20, 23, 28, 35, 67; English view of American, 43–44, 39–41, 53–58, 67, 73, 84, 95–104, 109, 46–51, 53, 56–57; transatlantic, 7, 10, 56, 130, 146, 180–81, 231, 270n46; and 66, 258n14. See also Bank of England; endorsers, 29, 35, 62, 109, 124, 126, Bank of the United States, Second; country 128–29, 202; protesting of, 10, 29–31, banks; Democrats; pet banks; Whigs 131–33, 135, 141, 143, 146, 148–49, 165, (U.S.) 180, 215–16, 225, 254 bankruptcy (insolvency), 2, 34, 65, 86–87, Blaug, Mark, 69 96, 110, 121, 124–30, 134–44, 154, 166, bonds, 8–11, 16, 24–26, 33–34, 41–42, 50, 171, 173, 179, 189, 194–95, 210–12, 221, 54, 58, 60, 99, 108, 121, 137, 152, 160, 223–25, 228, 233, 292n95 165–66, 180–81, 225–27, 229–30, Bankruptcy Act of 1841, 223–24 311n172 Bank’s Arcade, 115–17, 120, 286n92 bookkeeping, 9–10, 74–75, 141, 219 Banks and Politics in America (Hammond), Bordeaux (France), 223 246 Boston (MA), 35, 51, 76, 112, 125, 130, Baring Brothers, 11, 13, 17, 24, 41–2, 147, 209, 219, 223, 229–30 51–52, 59, 161, 173, 181, 205, 223, 229, Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 79 231. See also Bates, Joshua Bowen, Francis, 90–92 Baring, Francis, 11 Boylston (MA), 155 Barrett, Thomas & Co., 31, 110 Bricker, Sophia, 191 Bates, Joshua, 11, 13, 34, 41–42, 50–56, Bridewell, 252 59–61, 64, 100–3, 125, 133, 173, 205–6, Briggs, Lacoste & Co., 109 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-11653-4 - The Many Panics of 1837: People, Politics, and the Creation of a Transatlantic Financial Crisis Jessica M. Lepler Index More information Index 327 Brighton Patriot, 47 314n211, 320n67. See also clerks; British and American Steam lawyers; notaries; slavery; unemployment Navigation Co., 63 Clay, E. W.: Times, The, 197, 251–53; Uncle Brown & Hone, 124–25 Sam Sick With La Grippe, 152 Brown Brothers, 131 clerks, 1, 9–11, 14, 34, 36–38, 54, 62, Brown, John, 232, 293n114 74–75, 80, 88–89, 95–99, 115, 126–27, Brown, Shipley & Co., 204–5. See also 133–35, 138, 140–41, 157–58, 166, 171, Brown, William 186, 204, 219, 224, 229, 252, 286n86 Brown University, 83, 91, 216 collateral, 14, 99, 102–3, 128–29, 133, Brown, William, 56–57, 61, 101 140–41, 157–58, 168–73, 193–94, Brown, William and James & Co. See 201–2, 227, 230 Brown, Shipley & Co. Colored American, 123, 145–46 Buenos Aires (Brazil), 223 Commercial Bulletin (New Orleans), 61, 89, Bullock, Lyman & Co., 193–95 145, 177–78 Burgess, John William, 240–41, 246 communication: dangers of, 45–48, 54–56, business cycle, 2, 6, 234–54, 317n20, 64, 94–122, 129–30, 167, 177–78, 187, 320n61, 320n64 194, 199–200; dependence on, 3, 11, 13–14, 16, 24, 30–33, 35–37, 95, 41, Calcutta (India), 223 43–45, 94–122, 129, 209, 224–25; Cambreleng, C.C., 48–51, 269n28 innovations in, 3, 11, 13, 32, 45, 63, 158, Canada, 223 204–5; limitations of, 32–33, 46, 55, 94, Canton (China), 223 123, 131–33, 136, 158, 210, 226–27; capitalism, 2, 14, 246, 250, 318n45, 322n86 mitigating uncertainty of, 36, 63, 205; Cartagena (Columbia), 36 reliance on packet ships, 13, 35–37, castration (emasculation), 127 56–57, 61, 63–64, 101, 131–32, 158, 175, central bank, 5, 40, 57, 167, 172, 246–47, 200–1, 221; study of, 44, 249 258n13, 320n66. See also lender of last confidence: conferral of, 11, 34, 52, 64, 72, resort 84–85, 96, 99, 104–5, 111, 130, 132, 163, chancellor of the exchequer, 157, 168–71, 165–66, 170, 180–81, 218, 220, 225, 229, 175, 185, 188, 202–3. See also Spring 254; force of, 7, 9–10, 15–19, 28–30, 35, Rice, Thomas 38, 41–42, 64, 66, 84–85, 107, 153, Charleston (SC), 223 160–66, 181–82, 198, 225, 229, 236, 250, Child, Lydia Maria, 75–76, 80, 277n36 296n23, 321n73; inspiring of, 34, 56–58, China, 11, 22, 27, 37, 54, 223, 247 63–64, 94, 102–4, 111, 114, 120, Citizens’ Bank of Louisiana, 25–26, 50, 58, 160–65,170–71, 173, 176–78, 180–82, 60, 108, 176–77, 181–82, 225–29, 185, 187–88, 206, 209, 218, 222, 229–30; 311n172, 312n177, 312n180, loss of, 30, 35, 40, 42, 50–51, 54–55, 61, 312n182. See also Forstall, Edmond Jean 65–66, 95–100, 118, 121, 130–31, 147, City, the (U.K.).
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