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Landscape Character Assessment of Tipperary 2016

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Landscape Character Assessment of Tipperary 2016 LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT OF TIPPERARY 2016 Tipperary County Council SEPTEMBER 2016 Tipperary Landscape Character Assessment 2016 Table of Contents 1. TERMS OF REFERENCE ................................................................................................................. 0 1.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 LCA OUTPUTS PRODUCED ............................................................................................................... 2 1.3 CONTENT OF THIS LCA ................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 LAYOUT OF THE LCA ............................................................................................................... 4 1.5 RELATIONSHIP WITH THE COUNTY DEVELOPMENT PLANS ........................................................ 4 2. THE LANDSCAPE OF TIPPERARY ................................................................................................... 5 2.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 CHANGING LANDSCAPES -HISTORY AND THE FORCES OF CHANGE .......................................... 7 2.3 CHANGING LANDSCAPES - HISTORIC LANDSCAPES ............................................................... 10 2.4 CHANGING LANDSCAPES- DRIVERS OF CHANGE .................................................................... 11 2.3 AGRICULTURAL DRIVERS OF CHANGE .................................................................................... 12 2.4 OTHER USES DRIVING CHANGE ............................................................................................. 13 3. LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT ....................................................................... 15 3.1 METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................................... 16 3.2 THE LANDSCAPE ARCHITYPES ............................................................................................... 17 3.3 LANDSCAPE CHARACTER TYPES ............................................................................................ 20 3.4 LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AREAS ........................................................................................... 21 4. GENERALISED DESCRIPTIONS OF LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AREAS .............................................. 24 4.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 25 4.2 THE PLAINS ........................................................................................................................... 30 4.3 THE LAKELANDS .................................................................................................................... 32 4.4 THE FARMED AND FORESTED FOOTHILLS ................................................................................ 33 4.5 THE UPLANDS ........................................................................................................................ 34 5 . LANDSCAPE SENSITIVITY ........................................................................................................... 35 5.1 INTRODUCTION TO LANDSCAPE SENSITIVITY .......................................................................... 36 5.2 LANDSCAPE SENSITIVITY RATING .......................................................................................... 37 5.2.1 SPECIFIC/LOCALISED SENSITIVITY FACTORS ......................................................................... 38 5.3 GENERALISED OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES FOR TYPES OF LANDSCAPE SENSITIVITIES .......... 38 5.4 GENERALISED SENSITIVITY MAPPING .................................................................................... 40 5.5 LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AREA SENSITIVITY MAPPING .......................................................... 41 5.6 SENSITIVITY RATING OF LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AREAS ...................................................... 42 ii Tipperary Landscape Character Assessment 2016 6. OBJECTIVES AND GUIDELINES......................................................................................... 44 6.1 OBJECTIVES AND GUIDELINES ................................................................................................ 45 6.2 LAND-USE COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN LCAS AND LAND-USE TYPES ........................................................... 46 6.3 LAND-USE COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN LANDSCAPE SENSITIVITY FACTORS & LAND-USE TYPES . 48 APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................... 49 List of Figures FIGURE 2.1 TIPPERARY’S LANDSCAPES RANGE FROM ANCIENT FARMED LOWLANDS TO OVERLOOKING UPLANDS WITH LARGE AREAS OF NATURAL VEGETATION. ......................................................... 6 FIGURE 2.2 TIPPERARY IS A LARGE FERTILE PLAIN CONTAINED BY UPLANDS AND WETLANDS – CONNECTED TO OTHER LARGE FERTILE AREAS TO THE NORTH-EAST AND SOUTH-WEST. ............ 6 FIGURE 2.3 NEOLITHIC LANDSCAPE ............................................................................................... 7 FIGURE 2.4 EARLY CHRISTIAN LANDSCAPE .................................................................................... 7 FIGURE 2.5 ANGLO-NORMAN LANDSCAPE ...................................................................................... 7 FIGURE 2.6 MODERN LANDSCAPE ................................................................................................. 8 FIGURE 2.7 EMERGING LANDSCAPES ............................................................................................ 8 FIGURE 2.8 HISTORIC SITES ....................................................................................................... 10 FIGURE 3.1 THE HIERARCHY OF LANDSCAPES FROM THE UNIVERSAL TO THE LOCAL. ..................... 16 FIGURE 3.2 GENERALISED LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AREAS ......................................................... 17 FIGURE 3.3 THE PLAINS, RIVER SUIR NEAR NEWCASTLE .............................................................. 18 FIGURE 3.4 THE LAKELANDS OVERLOOKING LOUGH DERG FROM CASTLETOWN ON THE R494 ....... 18 FIGURE 3.5 THE FOOTHILLS, NORTH OF UPPERCHURCH ............................................................... 18 FIGURE 3.6 THE UPLANDS THE UPLANDS, SOUTH OF ‘THE VEE’ .................................................... 18 FIGURE 3.7 UNIVERSAL LANDSCAPE ARCHITYPES OF TIPPERARY ................................................. 19 FIGURE 3.8 MAP OF LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AREAS OF TIPPERARY FROM EXISTING LCA PROCESSES ........................................................................................................................ 23 FIGURE 4.1 THE LEVEL LOWLAND PLAINS OF TIPPERARY CONTAIN SOME OF IRELAND’S MOST FERTILE LANDS IN LARGE AND SMALL FARMS – AS WELL AS MOST OF THE MAIN SETTLEMENTS AND SERVICES. .......................................................................................................................... 30 FIGURE 4.2 PEATLANDS AND WET MIXED FARMLANDS OF THE PLAINS. THE PLAINS ALSO CONTAIN LARGE AREAS WHERE IMPEDED DRAINAGE AND PEAT FORMATION GIVE RISE TO LESS DENSELY INHABITED AREAS AND MORE MARGINAL AGRICULTURE WITH VERY OPEN VISTAS. .................... 31 FIGURE 4.3 THE LAKELANDS ARE DEFINED BOTH BY THE SHORES AND THE HILLS THAT ENCLOSE THEM. ................................................................................................................................ 32 FIGURE 4.4 THE FOOTHILLS ARE CHARACTERISED BY FORESTRY, LOWER INTENSITY FARMING AND MANY AREAS OF VALUED SCENERY ....................................................................................... 33 FIGURE 4.5 MOUNTAIN AND UPLAND. THE UPLANDS PROVIDE FRAMING BACKGROUNDS THE CONTAIN AND DEFINE THE PLAINS OF TIPPERARY – PROVIDING IMPORTANT BACKDROPS TO ALL OF THE MAJOR SETTLEMENTS OF THE COUNTY. ................................................................................ 34 FIGURE 5.1 LANDSCAPE SENSITIVITY CLASSIFICATION CAN IMPROVE THE CONSISTENCY OF PLANNING POLICIES AND DECISIONS. .................................................................................................... 36 FIGURE 5.2 LANDSCAPE SENSITIVITY DERIVED FROM FOUR FACTORS ............................................ 37 THIS MAP SHOWS AREAS THAT CONTAIN COMBINATIONS OF SENSITIVITY FACTORS. THE DARKER COLOURS INDICATE AREAS WITH MORE FACTORS IN ONE AREA – AND THEREFORE HIGHER SENSITIVITY. FIGURE 5.3 GENERALISED SENSITIVITY MAPPING ............................................. 40 FIGURE 5.4 LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AREA SENSITIVITY MAPPING ................................................ 41 iii Tipperary Landscape Character Assessment 2016 List of Tables TABLE 1.1 OUTPUTS SUPPLIED.................................................................................................................................... 3 TABLE 2.1 LIKELY DRIVERS OF CHANGE AND LIKELY LANDSCAPE EFFECTS ............................................................. 11 TABLE 3.1 DERIVATION OF LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AREAS FROM LANDSCAPE TYPES AND ARCHITYPES ........... 20 TABLE 3.2 DERIVATION OF LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AREAS ..................................................................................
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