Tropical Cyclone Incident Annex Georgia Emergency Operations Plan

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Tropical Cyclone Incident Annex Georgia Emergency Operations Plan Tropical Cyclone Incident Annex Georgia Emergency Operations Plan GEORGIA EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AND HOMELAND SECURITY AGENCY Tropical Cyclone Incident Annex Hazard Annex to Georgia Emergency Operations Plan GEMA/HS Planning Section 8/28/2017 Tropical Cyclone Incident Annex Georgia Emergency Operations Plan Table of Contents Approval and Implementation ...................................................................................................... ii Record of Changes .................................................................................................................... 1 Record of Distribution ................................................................................................................. 2 1.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Scope .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.3 General Objectives .......................................................................................................... 1 1.4 Policies ............................................................................................................................ 1 2.0 Situation Overview ............................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Hazard Analysis .............................................................................................................. 2 2.2 Vulnerability Analysis ....................................................................................................... 2 3.0 Incident Situation .................................................................................................................. 5 3.1 Incident Condition ............................................................................................................ 5 3.2 Planning Facts and Assumptions..................................................................................... 6 4.0 Georgia Hurricane Evacuation Study ................................................................................... 6 4.1 Hazards Analysis ............................................................................................................. 7 4.2 Vulnerability Analysis ....................................................................................................... 7 4.3 Behavioral Analysis ......................................................................................................... 7 4.4 Shelter Analysis ............................................................................................................... 7 4.5 Transportation Analysis ................................................................................................... 7 4.6 Hurricane Evacuation Zones ........................................................................................... 8 5.0 Concept of Operations (CONOPS) ....................................................................................... 8 5.1 State Operating Conditions.............................................................................................. 9 5.2 Coordination ...................................................................................................................10 5.3 Command and Control ...................................................................................................13 5.4 SOC Augmented Support ...............................................................................................13 5.5 Evacuation .....................................................................................................................14 5.6 Sheltering .......................................................................................................................15 5.7 Re-Entry .........................................................................................................................16 5.8 Roles and Responsibilities: Emergency Support Functions (ESF) ..................................16 5.9 Logistics .........................................................................................................................17 5.10 Emergency Power.......................................................................................................19 5.11 Fuel Support ...............................................................................................................19 5.12 Crisis Communications / Media Relations ...................................................................20 6.0 Plan Development and Maintenance ...................................................................................21 Tropical Cyclone Incident Annex Georgia Emergency Operations Plan 7.0 References and Authorities .................................................................................................21 7.1 Authorities ......................................................................................................................21 7.2 References .....................................................................................................................21 Appendix I: Attachments .............................................................................................................. i Attachment 1: Key Terms .......................................................................................................... i Attachment 2: The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale ......................................................... ii Attachment 3: Tropical Cyclones ............................................................................................. iii Attachment 4: Maximum Calculated Surge Heights ................................................................. iv Attachment 5: Individual County Storm Surge Maps ................................................................ vi Appendix II: State Synchronization Matrix ................................................................................. xii Appendix III: Evacuation ........................................................................................................ xxxii 8.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... xxxii 8.1 Purpose ....................................................................................................................... xxxii 8.2 Authorities ................................................................................................................... xxxii 8.3 Planning Assumptions ................................................................................................. xxxii 8.4 Responsibility ............................................................................................................. xxxiii 9.0 Coordination .................................................................................................................... xxxiii 9.1 Federal ....................................................................................................................... xxxiii 9.2 State ........................................................................................................................... xxxiii 9.3 Local .......................................................................................................................... xxxiv 10.0 Evacuation Strategy ................................................................................................... xxxiv 10.1 General ................................................................................................................... xxxiv 10.2 Evacuation Zones ................................................................................................... xxxiv 10.3 Evacuation Clearance Times .................................................................................. xxxv 10.4 Evacuation Routes .................................................................................................. xxxv 10.5 Evacuations in Inland Counties ............................................................................... xxxv 11.0 Evacuation Support .................................................................................................... xxxv 11.1 Contraflow Operations for I-16 ................................................................................ xxxvi 11.2 Traffic Control Points ............................................................................................. xxxvii 11.3 Critical Roadway Segments and Intersections ...................................................... xxxviii Appendix A: Evacuation Scenario Maps................................................................................... xliii Attachment 1- Coast Georgia Hurricane Evacuation Scenarios ............................................. xliii Attachment 2 - Chatham County Hurricane Evacuation Scenarios ....................................... xliv Attachment 3 - Effingham County Hurricane Evacuation Scenarios ....................................... xlv Attachment 4 - Bryan County Hurricane Evacuation Scenarios............................................. xlvi Attachment 5 - Liberty County Hurricane Evacuation Scenarios ........................................... xlvii Tropical Cyclone Incident Annex
Recommended publications
  • City of Kenner Emergency Operations Plan (COKEOP), Augmenting the Basic Plan (BP)
    CITY OF KENNER EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN Annex “A” HURRICANE AND STORM PLAN (H&SP) Issued: June 1, 2007 Revised: November 1, 2011 City of Kenner, Louisiana Hurricane and Storm Plan June 1, 2007 I. PURPOSE The purpose of the City of Kenner Hurricane & Storm Plan (hereafter referred to as “Plan” or “H&SP”) is to describe the emergency response of City agencies in the event of a hurricane or severe storm. This document is intended to serve as a guide for the delivery and coordination of governmental services prior to, during, and following a storm incident. The guidelines set forth will facilitate the City’s Emergency Planning Advisory Group (EPAG) and executive’s decision-making regarding preparation, response and management of storm incidents. II. SCOPE This Plan is an administrative directive governing the operations of the City of Kenner, its subordinate agencies and departments. This document in no way purports to cover all aspects of storm related disaster/emergency or recovery management. Rather, it is intended to provide City personnel with an outline of those essential functions and duties to be performed in the event of a hurricane or storm event. - 1 - Revised: November 1, 2011 City of Kenner, Louisiana Hurricane and Storm Plan June 1, 2007 TITLE I. PLAN IMPLEMENTATION III. HURRICANE AND STORM PLAN IMPLEMENTATION The City of Kenner Hurricane and Storm Plan (H&SP) is a component of the City of Kenner Emergency Operations Plan (COKEOP), augmenting the Basic Plan (BP). Upon learning or receiving information from any source of a developing, pending, or actual hurricane or storm event, the Mayor or his/her designee may implement all or any portion of the COKEOP-BP or H&SP.
    [Show full text]
  • A FAILURE of INITIATIVE Final Report of the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina
    A FAILURE OF INITIATIVE Final Report of the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina U.S. House of Representatives 4 A FAILURE OF INITIATIVE A FAILURE OF INITIATIVE Final Report of the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina Union Calendar No. 00 109th Congress Report 2nd Session 000-000 A FAILURE OF INITIATIVE Final Report of the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina Report by the Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpoacess.gov/congress/index.html February 15, 2006. — Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed U. S. GOVERNMEN T PRINTING OFFICE Keeping America Informed I www.gpo.gov WASHINGTON 2 0 0 6 23950 PDF For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001 COVER PHOTO: FEMA, BACKGROUND PHOTO: NASA SELECT BIPARTISAN COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE THE PREPARATION FOR AND RESPONSE TO HURRICANE KATRINA TOM DAVIS, (VA) Chairman HAROLD ROGERS (KY) CHRISTOPHER SHAYS (CT) HENRY BONILLA (TX) STEVE BUYER (IN) SUE MYRICK (NC) MAC THORNBERRY (TX) KAY GRANGER (TX) CHARLES W. “CHIP” PICKERING (MS) BILL SHUSTER (PA) JEFF MILLER (FL) Members who participated at the invitation of the Select Committee CHARLIE MELANCON (LA) GENE TAYLOR (MS) WILLIAM J.
    [Show full text]
  • Disaster Preparedness Guide 2021
    Hillsborough County Disaster Preparedness Guide 2021 INSIDE Three Steps to Disaster Preparedness Prepping for All Disasters Hurricane Season (June 1 – November 30) Hurricane Maps Important Contact Information Hillsborough County Hillsborough County Emergency Management A Great Place to Live, Work, and Play Located in the thriving center of West-Central Florida, Hillsborough County is the Tampa Bay Disaster Preparedness region’s largest county, and a major part of the Florida High-Tech Corridor along Interstate 4. Situated between Orlando and the Gulf of Mexico, Hillsborough County features stunning natural treasures, a plethora of entertainment options, Guide 2021 major employers, and the University of South Florida, a premiere research institution, all in a year-round temperate climate. Hillsborough County Contents is a great place to live, work, and play. Emergency Management is Hillsborough County Emergency Management 1 Prepared for You Three Steps to Disaster Preparedness 1 The Office of Emergency Management is responsible for planning and coordinating actions 1. Pack a Disaster Kit 2 to prepare, respond, and recover from natural or man-made disasters in Hillsborough County. The 2. Make a Plan 3 Office manages the County Emergency Operations Center, conducts emergency training, provides public education, helps coordinate the Community Emergency Response Teams, and many other tasks. 3. Stay Informed 6 Three Steps to Disaster Preparedness Prepping for All Disasters 7 Hurricane Season in Hillsborough County (June 1 – November 30) 8 1. Pack a Disaster Kit Being prepared starts by having a disaster supply kit. Take a moment every year to review the items Hillsborough County Hurricane Maps 12 in your disaster kit and restock it with anything you may be missing or that needs to be replaced.
    [Show full text]
  • Behavioral Study, Valley Hurricane Evacuation Study, Willacy, Cameron, and Hidalgo Counties, Texas
    Behavioral Study, Valley Hurricane Evacuation Study, Willacy, Cameron, and Hidalgo Counties, Texas Michael K. Lindell Yue Ge Shih-Kai Huang Carla S. Prater Hao-Che Wu HungLung Wei Texas A&M University Hazard Reduction & Recovery Center 30 September 2013 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Texas A&M University Hazard Reduction & Recovery Center conducted a mail survey of the general population of the Valley Study Area (VSA) counties—Cameron, Willacy, and Hidlago—and, in conjunction with the Colonias Program, conducted personal interviews with the population of selected colonias in those counties. In Cameron and Willacy counties, the sample was stratified by the hurricane risk areas that are currently in effect. That is, questionnaires were sent to residents of Risk Areas 1-5 as well as to the remainder of the county that is inland from the hurricane risk areas. In Hidalgo County, the sample was stratified by location east or west of IH-69/US-281 (Hidalgo East and Hidalgo West, respectively) or in the 500-year floodplain (regardless of their location in either Hidalgo East or Hidalgo West. The response rate for the mail survey was 23.3% and the response rate for the personal interviews was 50.4%--yielding an overall sample size of 481. The survey data indicate that 39% of the VSA population lacks hurricane experience, 18% has experienced a hurricane and evacuated, and 44% experienced a hurricane but did not evacuate. Most people expect to obtain most of their hurricane information from National Hurricane Center watches and warnings, local TV and radio stations and, to decreasing extents, from national TV networks, peers, local officials, local newspapers, the Internet, and social media.
    [Show full text]
  • Hurricane Harvey Evacuation Behavior Survey Outcomes and Findings
    Coastal Bend Hurricane Evacuation Study: Hurricane Harvey Evacuation Behavior Survey Outcomes and Findings Prepared by Texas A&M Hazard Reduction & Recovery Center University of Washington Institute for Hazard Mitigation Planning and Research and Texas A&M Transportation Institute May 2020 Coastal Bend Hurricane Evacuation Study: Hurricane Harvey Evacuation Behavior Survey Outcomes and Findings Prepared by: Texas A&M Hazard Reduction & Recovery Center (HRRC) University of Washington (UW) Institute for Hazard Mitigation Planning and Research and Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI) Dr. David H. Bierling, TTI & HRRC Dr. Michael K. Lindell, UW Dr. Walter Gillis Peacock, HRRC Alexander Abuabara, HRRC Ryke A. Moore, HRRC Dr. Douglas F. Wunneburger, HRRC James A. (Andy) Mullins III, TTI Darrell W. Borchardt, PE, TTI May 2020 CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................. iv INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................ 1 SURVEY OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................... 2 Survey Topics
    [Show full text]
  • Emergency Town Guide For: Branford East Haven EMERGENCY Guilford Preparedness2012 GUIDE
    The Official Emergency Town Guide for: Branford East Haven EMERGENCY Guilford Preparedness2012 GUIDE East Haven Courier | Guilford Courier | The Sound Your PreparednessYour Preparedness Plan Plan Table of Contents Where to Go in an Emergency Write down where your family spends the most time: work, school, and other places you frequent. Schools, daycare providers, Shore Publishing Community Newspapers workplaces, and multi-family dwellings should all have site-specifi c emergency plans. Learn about the emergency response plans P.O. Box 1010, 724 Boston Post Road Madison, CT 06443 of your local municipality, including your local health department or health district. Radio and television stations often provide Your Preparedness Plan .......................................... 3 203-245-1877 the best source of timely and accurate information during an emergency. www.zip06.com After the Storm ....................................................4-5 Create an Emergency Communication Plan Publisher Record the following and share this information with your loved ones: Yale Shoreline Medical Center Lisa Miksis ‘If It Happened’ Quiz .................................. 6 Contributing Editor Advertising Staff OUT OF AREA CONTACT SCHOOL Emergency Preparedness Kit ..................... 7 Sunny Bosco Lindsay Braun Name: . Address: . PEACE ........................................................ 8 Nicole Brinn City: . State: . PH #: . Plan to Stay in Business ............................ 9 Production Staff Denise Forrest Jennifer Corthell Ben Cadwell PH # (day): . Don’t Wait to Communicate ..................... 10 OTHER Chris Dobbins Lisa Martin PH # (evening): . Corey Hutchison Kristin Onofrio Address: . Generator Safety Rules ....................................12-13 CELL #: . Julie Eckart Johnson Hollis Romanelli PH #: . Lorinne Sekban LOCAL CONTACT East Shore Health District OTHER Advertising Director We Need You! Become a Volunteer! ......... 14 Name: . Robyn Collins Coordinator Address: . City: . State: . Branford Lisa Strickland PH #: .
    [Show full text]
  • Hurricane Irma At-A-Glance
    2018 FEDERAL POLICY BRIEF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT: HELP FLORIDA RECOVER AND REBUILD HURRICANE IRMA AT-A-GLANCE The following is an excerpt taken from FAC’s 2017 Hurricane Summit Program which was held in November of 2017 to review and assess the impacts of Hurricane Irma and identify a path to recovery for Florida’s counties. For more information on the data depicted in the following infographs please contact: Eric Poole at [email protected],Casey Perkins at [email protected] or Robert Brown at [email protected] Florida Association of Counties ∙ 100 South Monroe Street ∙ Tallahassee, Florida 32301 ∙ www.fl-counties.com Hurricane Evacuation: Lessons Learned and What You Need to Know (continued) Hurricane Irma was the most powerful Atlantic Ocean hurricane in recorded history. By multiple accounts, the storm was also directly responsible for the largest mass exodus in U.S. history, with nearly 7 million people across Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina being asked to evacuate their homes. According to Florida’s Department of Emergency Management (DEM), nearly 6.8 million Floridians evacuated their homes in the lead up to Hurricane Irma, “beating 2005’s Houston-area Hurricane Rita exit by millions.” Media outlets described police going door to door “telling people to leave to avoid life-threatening rains, winds, and flooding,” as well as “large traffic jams on Interstates 95 and 75 and the Florida Turnpike.” Additionally, the Federal Aviation Administration reported that Miami’s traffic controllers handled 11,500 flights on the Thursday before the storm compared to 8,800 one week prior.
    [Show full text]
  • Hurricane Evacuation Guidelines (PDF)
    Hurricane Evacuation Guidelines Prepare to evacuate if told to do so by elected officials. This may come through radio, television and social media. Plan to evacuate as early as possible – before gale force winds and storm surge forces road closings. Leaving early may also help you to avoid massive traffic jams encountered late in an evacuation effort. Listen to radio/television for evacuation and sheltering information. Remember, there are no shelters in St. Bernard Parish. Storm advisories are issued as followed: Tropical Storm Watch An announcement that sustained winds of 39 to 73 mph are possible within the specified area within 48 hours in association with a tropical, subtropical, or post-tropical cyclone. Tropical Storm Warning An announcement that sustained winds of 39 to 73 mph are expected somewhere within the specified area within 36 hours in association with a tropical, subtropical, or post- tropical cyclone Hurricane Watch A Hurricane Watch is issued when a tropical cyclone containing winds of 64 kt (74 mph) or higher poses a possible threat, generally within 48 hours. These winds may be accompanied by storm surge, coastal flooding, and/or river flooding. The watch does not mean that hurricane conditions will occur. It only means that these conditions are possible. Hurricane Warning A Hurricane Warning is issued when sustained winds of 64 kt (74 mph) or higher associated with a tropical cyclone are expected in 36 hours or less. These winds may be accompanied by storm surge, coastal flooding, and/or river flooding. A hurricane warning can remain in effect when dangerously high water or a combination of dangerously high water and exceptionally high waves continue, even though winds may be less than hurricane force.
    [Show full text]
  • Hurricane Evacuation Plan
    CRYSTAL-FACE Hurricane Evacuation Procedures The following are guidelines that should be followed in the event that a hurricane is predicted to make landfall in any of the CRYSTAL-FACE operational areas. Since the majority of participants will be located on a military installation, the actions taken will be governed by the specific hurricane condition that base has announced. These conditions are normally posted at the base security gates. The project office will also post the latest condition in the CRYSTAL-FACE hangar/ lab area and on the deployment site message phone at Key West NAF. Hurricane Conditions of Readiness The Navy will indicate the hurricane’s estimated time of impact by announcing a “Condition” of readiness alert. Five separate hurricane conditions are used to provide orderly and thorough preparations to minimize the effects on personnel and property. Progress through these conditions of readiness may not be as expected, since the storm system may change course or acceleration rapidly. It is possible to go directly from Condition Three to Condition One, while ensuring all precautionary measures are executed as quickly as possible. These storm conditions of readiness are issued by the base Commanding Officer (CO) and are not to be questioned. DOD Tropical Storm / Hurricane Forecast Warning Conditions: Condition 5 – Normal condition of readiness set during the annual hurricane season (Jun 1 – Nov 30). Condition 4 – Destructive force winds (> 50 knots) are possible within 72 hours. Condition 3 – Destructive winds expected within 48 hours. Condition 2 – Destructive winds expected within 24 hours. Condition 1 – Imminent threat of destructive winds expected within 12 hours.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of a Dynamic Traffic Assignment Model to Evaluate Lane-Reversal Plans for I-65
    Development of a Dynamic Traffic Assignment Model to Evaluate Lane-Reversal Plans for I-65 By Virginia Sisiopiku, Andrew Sullivan, Abdul Muqueet Abro, and Michael Shinouda Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering The University of Alabama at Birmingham and Kyriacos Mouskos and Curtis Barrett Vista Transport Group, Inc. Prepared by UTCA University Transportation Center for Alabama The University of Alabama, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, and The University of Alabama in Huntsville UTCA Report Number 07408 May 2010 Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient Catalog No. FHWA/CA/OR- 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Development of a Dynamic Traffic Assignment Model May 2010 to Evaluate Lane-Reversal Plans for I-65 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Authors 8. Performing Organi zation Report No . Virginia P. Sisiopiku, Andrew Sullivan, Abdul Mu- UTCA Report 07408 queet Abro, Michael Shinouda, Kyriacos Mouskos, Curtis Barrett 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10 . Work Unit No. Department of Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering 11 . Contract or Grant No. The University of Alabama at Birmingham 930-670R 1075 13th Street South Birmingham, AL 35294-4440 12 . Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13 . Type of Report and Period Covered Alabama Department of Transportation Final Report 1/1/06-12/31/09 1100 John Overton Drive Montgomery, AL 36110 14 . Sponsoring Agen cy Code 15 . Supplementary Notes 16 . Abstract This report presents the methodology and results from a project that studied contra-flow operations in support of hurricane evacuations in the state of Alabama. As part of this effort, a simulation model was developed using the VISTA platform for I-65 from the Alabama Gulf Coast region to Montgomery, AL and alternate evacuation routes.
    [Show full text]
  • Evacuation Zones
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE Charleston, South Carolina Jacksonville, Florida Dear Colleagues, Hurricanes and tropical storms can be devastating to the Georgia coast. An array of powerful impacts from storm surge, high winds, tornadoes, and flooding could cause catastrophic damage. It is imperative to prepare for each type of hurricane hazard. Advance planning and preparation are essential for protecting property, reducing risk, and ultimately saving lives. Your community’s collective efforts improve Coastal Georgia’s readiness, responsiveness, and overall resilience against extreme weather, water and climate events. New tools, techniques, and trusted relationships are implemented throughout the National Weather Service to improve real-world communication well before the first rain drop arrives. Innovative approaches to providing this weather information include plain language confidence forecasts and interactive mapping interfaces which ultimately empower diverse decision makers to make critical and efficient decisions. These proactive weather safety actions are making differences to communities across America, making the country as a whole a Weather-Ready nation. This hurricane guide is one tool that the National Weather Service Charleston and Jacksonville offer the residents of southeast Georgia on our quest to promote a Weather-Ready Nation. The Official Georgia Hurricane Guide is intended as a user-friendly resource with specific instructions for you to do each step of the way, before, during, and after the storm. It also provides information on ways to improve protection for your home and property. Please use this guide to learn as much as possible about how to prepare for our most dangerous storms.
    [Show full text]
  • South Carolina Hurricane Evacuation Operations
    Best Practices for Road Weather Management South Carolina Hurricane Evacuation Operations In September 1999 roughly three million people were evacuated from coastal areas in Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina prior to landfall of Hurricane Floyd. Over 500,000 South Carolinians evacuated from six coastal counties. Because managers with the South Carolina Department of Transportation (DOT) and the South Carolina Department of Public Safety had not agreed on a lane reversal plan prior to Hurricane Floyd, contraflow (i.e., lane reversal) was not employed during the evacuation. Consequently, there was severe congestion on Interstate 26 between Charleston and Columbia. Traffic and emergency managers quickly developed a contraflow plan for reentry operations after the hurricane. System Components: Managers utilized storm track, wind speed, and precipitation forecast data in combination with population density and topographic information to identify areas threatened by storm surge and inland flooding. Emergency managers consulted various information sources including the National Weather Service, the National Hurricane Center, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, as well as decision support applications such as HURREVAC (www.hurrevac.com) and HurrTrak (www.weathergraphics.com/ht/). Traffic managers monitored traffic flow with two permanent vehicle detection sites along the highway and portable detection equipment on other road facilities. During reentry operations, portable Dynamic Message Signs (DMS) and Highway Advisory Radio (HAR) transmitters were positioned along the interstate to alert drivers of contraflow operations. System Operations: DOT managers worked closely with Highway Patrol personnel during evacuation and reentry operations. Traffic and emergency managers also coordinated with other local, state, and federal agencies. Before traffic flow on westbound lanes could be reversed for reentry (i.e., contraflowed from Columbia to Charleston), DOT and DPS personnel were mobilized and equipment was prepositioned.
    [Show full text]