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Also available GREEK CLASSICS Yannis MARKOPOULOS Shapes in Motion Pyrrichios Dance No. 13: ‘Nemesis’ • Concerto-Rhapsody • Triptych Grauwels • Spyridakis • Papatheodorou • Brussels Virtuosi Brussels Philharmonic • Flanders Opera Symphony Orchestra Tilkin • Abrath • Leonidakis

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Yannis Fellini film) by Flemish composer Luc Van Hove. Music directors of the Flanders Opera Symphony Orchestra have been R. Werthen, S. Soltesz, M. Minkowski, M. Zanetti and I. Törzs. Silvio Varviso (1924-2006) was permanent MARKOPOULOS guest conductor at the Flanders Opera from 1993 until 2006. The Flanders Opera Symphony Orchestra frequently performs under distinguished guest conductors. Works for Flute, Piano and Lyre Michel Tilkin 1 24 Pyrrichioi Dances: Pyrrichios Dance No. 13, ‘Nemesis’ (2000-2001) 7:20 After a successful career as a soloist and orchestra musician with the Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra, Michel Tilkin decided to start a career as a conductor. Since then Shapes in Motion (Piano Concerto) (1999) 21:10 he has conducted the world premières of Achilleus and The Great Temptation of Saint 2 I. Allegro 7:36 Anthony at Flanders Opera, as well as a series of performances of Die lustige Witwe, also at 3 II. Moderato 5:58 Flanders Opera. He is a regular guest with orchestras in Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany. Highlights include a tour with the international youth orchestra Jeunesses 4 III. Allegro presto 7:36 Musicales and concerts at the Konzerthaus Berlin and the Concertgebouw Amsterdam. He has recorded the Dvor˘ák and Schumann piano concertos with Paolo Giacometti and the Triptych for Flute, Strings and Harp (1969, 2001-06) 15:25 Arnhem Philharmonic Orchestra (Channel Classics) and Franz Schubert’s Unfinished 5 I. Mitir (Mother): Andante moderato 6:02 Symphony with the Brussels Philharmonic (Klara). He has also recorded the contemporary 6 II. Esperio Fos (Evening Light): Adagio 4:24 opera Erotokritos & Areti by Yannis Markopoulos. 7 III. Agapi (Love): Andantino scherzoso 4:58 Concerto-Rhapsody (for cretan lyre and orchestra) (1986) 16:06 8 I. Andantino 2:56 Edwig Abrath 9 II. Allegro moderato 7:26 0 III. Pyrrichios: Presto 5:43 Edwig Abrath studied at the Royal Flemish Conservatory of Antwerp (Belgium) and at the Conservatory in Maastricht (Holland). He took master- ! Little Fantasy (for flute and piano) (2005) 4:28 classes in France, Germany and Austria (Vienna). Conductor and composer, he has worked, among others, with the Royal Flanders Philharmonic, Il @ Classical Sketches: No. 2. Lamento (1958) 3:38 Novecento, the Emanon Ensemble and toured widely in Europe, Canada, the United States, South America and Australia. Edwig Abrath has also # Evilia Topia (Sunlit Landscapes) (for solo flute) (2007) 5:15 participated in the recording of several CDs. Apart from regular concerts, he also works in the area of popular music. He teaches at the Royal Flemish Recorded at the Auditorium of the VRO Orchestra, Zaal Eden, Leuven, Belgium, Conservatory of Antwerp and at the Art Grammar School. in June 2003 (track 1); at Studio Steurbaut, Ghent, Belgium, from 19th to 21st September, 2007 (tracks 2-4, 8-10 and 13); and at Jardin du Mayeur, Mons, Belgium, on 19 October 2007 (tracks 5-7 and 12) Brussels Virtuosi prepared by its principal violinist and resident conductor, Jean-François Chamberlan

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the way it combines the most diverse styles for a wide audience. In each programme the orchestra works with Yannis Markopoulos (b. 1939) soloists and guest conductors who enrich the orchestra with their own vision and experience. Works for Piano, Flute and Lyre The programme of the Brussels Philharmonic – the Orchestra of Flanders is centred on a number of series offered in Brussels, both at Flagey, where the ensemble also rehearses, and at the Centre for Fine Arts. In addition, the The composer Yannis Markopoulos was born in 1939 in its rapid dances of repeated small motifs, played by orchestra is also at home in Flanders, appearing both at major venues and in important cultural centres. The orchestra Heraklion, Crete. From one of the old families of the local instruments at the town’s weekly festivities, but at has also attained international renown, as a result of which it enjoys a base in Paris (Cité de la musique and Salle island – his father was a lawyer and later Prefect – he the same time the sound of the sea waves and the Pleyel) and gives regular concerts in the Netherlands (the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam, De Doelen in Rotterdam). spent his childhood in the seaside town of Ierapetra. The detonation of land-mines in the aftermath of World War The Brussels Philharmonic – the Orchestra of Flanders is a permanent partner of the Festival of Flanders, Ars Byzantine liturgy heard regularly from the church II, all these formed part of the acoustic universe of the Musica and the Flanders International Film Festival, Ghent, and works regularly with the Royal Ballet of Flanders. opposite his family home, Cretan traditional music, with composer as a child. He took his first lessons in music The ties with public broadcasting remain strong: the orchestra works closely with radio and television for both theory and the violin at the local conservatory and recordings and events. The Brussels Philharmonic – the Orchestra of Flanders is an institution of the Flemish played the clarinet in the municipal band. Meanwhile Community and receives funds from the National Lottery. Its media partners are Klara, De Morgen and Roularta. other musical experiences of decisive importance were classical music as well as the music of the wider Eastern Flanders Opera Symphony Orchestra Mediterranean and, most important of all, that of nearby Egypt, which he heard either over the radio or from musicians and travellers passing through his hometown. Thanks to his father’s extensive private library he had the opportunity to deepen his knowledge, beyond school education, in literature, philosophy, history and the arts. He began composing music during his adolescence and two melodies of this time would later become songs popular throughout Greece. In 1956 Markopoulos moved to Athens to further his music studies at the Athens Conservatory under the composer Yiorgos Sklavos and the violin teacher Joseph Bustidui, while studying philosophy and sociology at the Panteion University. While a student he composed music for the theatre, for the cinema and for dance performances. When he was 24 he was awarded the Music Prize of the Thessaloniki Film Festival for Nikos Koundouros’ film Young Aphrodites and subsequently his works Theseus (dance-drama), Hiroshima (ballet suite) and Three Dances Sketches were performed by avant-garde dance groups. In 1967 a military dictatorship was imposed in Greece. Markopoulos left for London, where he enriched his knowledge with the The Flanders Opera Symphony Orchestra was formed in early 1989 after a series of auditions for an international English composer Elizabeth Lutyens, while his jury. The orchestra made its début in 1989 in a concert featuring the mezzo-soprano Agnes Baltsa in the Ghent City acquaintance with the composers Janis Christou and Hall. Since then the orchestra has performed numerous successful opera productions such as a complete Puccini Iannis Xenakis played an important rôle in the cycle, a Janáček cycle (both directed by Robert Carsen) and Wagner’s Ring directed by Ivo Van Hove. The deepening of his contact with the most pioneering orchestra has also performed several twentieth-century operas and several world premières, including Les Liaisons musical figures. In London he composed the secular dangereuses by Piet Swerts, Achilleus by Wim Henderickx, Richard III by Giorgio Battistelli and La Strada (on the cantata Ilios o Protos (Sun the First) on the poetry of

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Odysseus Elytis (Nobel Prize 1979) and completed the selection of the indestructible sources of our living Brussels Virtuosi musical ceremony Idou o Nymphios, a work the traditions in combination with selected contemporary art composer still wishes to keep unreleased with the forms and elements”: the outcome was an exceptionally The Brussels Virtuosi international ensemble was founded in 1981 exception of one part of the work, the song Zavara- original sound emerging from the unique tone colours on the initiative of flautist Marc Grauwels. Its first concert took Katra-Nemia, a vocal composition of Dionysian stemming from the unaccustomed blends of instruments place on the occasion of the opening of the International Music character, that was released in 1966 and became one of and voices. In 1976 he composed the popular liturgy Festival of the city of Brussels in 1981, to general acclaim. Flexible his best known pieces. Also in London he composed The Free Besieged, based on the poem by Greece’s in its formation, it was conceived as an ensemble to perform rarer Chroismoi (Oracles) for symphony orchestra and the national poet Dionysius Solomos, which he conducted repertoire, appearing as a trio, as a quartet with flute, or as a formal Pyrrichioi Dances A, B, C (the first three of the 24 in the crowded Panathenean Stadium, and which was Chamber Orchestra. The Brussels Virtuosi have participated in Dances he completed in 2001) that were performed in presented in London in 1979. In 1977 he composed the countless international Festivals, including the Festivals of 1968 by the London Concertante Orchestra at the Queen music for the BBC television series Who Pays the Wallonia, Flanders, Hong Kong, Ravello, Seoul, and Tokyo. The Elizabeth Hall. During the same year he was Ferryman? The theme tune topped the British charts for orchestra regularly tours in Spain, Germany, France, Austria, commissioned to write the music for Shakespeare’s The months and gained the composer international renown. Greece, Italy, Japan, Korea, the United States, the Netherlands, the Tempest performed by the English National Theatre and Numerous invitations for concerts abroad followed, in Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Canada, Mexico, and Venezuela. directed by David Jones. In 1969 Markopoulos returned Paris, Berlin, Frankfurt, Munich, Amsterdam, The ensemble has recorded an impressive number of CDs, to Athens with a musical vision that would not only Stockholm, Canada, Russia, Australia and the United including releases that have won international awards. change the course of music in Greece but would also States. Markopoulos continued composing music for the lend immediate moral support to the general demand for theatre and for the cinema collaborating with directors the restoration of democracy, the struggle being led such as Jules Dassin, George Cosmatos, Nikos Brussels Philharmonic – the Orchestra of Flanders primarily by university students and intellectuals. He Koundouros and Spyros Evaggelatos. Through both his founded a new and highly distinctive musical ensemble work and his stance, Yannis Markopoulos shaped the Photo: Carl Vandervoort which included Greek local instruments. Thus the piano musical landscape of the 1970s. was combined with the lyre for the first time, while he In 1980 Markopoulos married the singer Vassiliki also added instruments of his own invention, Lavina, long-time associate, and in 1981 his daughter particularly among the percussion, with the intention of Eleni was born. For a period he sought a more private enriching the variety of sounds. He then selected young life with his family while preparing for the opening of a musicians, singers and actors, from both the city and the new chapter in his music, compositions that would provinces, and collaborating with painters and poets he display melodic outbursts sustained by polytonic quality presented a series of performances with his musical and dazzling rhythms of an inexhaustible exuberance. In works Ilios o Protos (Sun the First), Chroniko 1987 he founded the Palintonos Armonia Orchestra (the (Chronicle), Ithagenia (Nativeland), Thitia (Lifetime), name derived from Heraclitus) with which he would Stratis Thalassinos Among the Agapanthi (poetry by give concerts in Greece and abroad and record many of George Seferis, Nobel Prize 1963), Oropedio (Mountain his works. The compositions of this period include the Plain) at the Lydra venue which he named a music- Concerto-Rhapsody for Lyre and Symphony Orchestra, studio. His most fervent supporters were indeed the Mitroa for string orchestra, the Healing Symphony, two students and the intellectuals who filled the music- oratorios, two song cycles, chamber music works, four studio daily despite the constant interventions of the quartets, two sonatas, and five pieces for violin and regime that would attempt to shut it down. The piano. In 1994 he composed one of his most important composer’s vision had materialised and a new musical works The Liturgy of Orpheus. There followed Re- The Brussels Philharmonic – the Orchestra of Flanders was established in 1935 under the aegis of the public wave had been born which he termed “Return to the Naissance: Crete between Venice and Constantinople, a broadcasting network. In 1998 it began its independent existence as the Vlaams Radio Orkest (Flemish Radio Roots”. He defined it as “a project for the future, musical journey in four units that strikes a balance Orchestra). From 2008 onwards its new name Brussels Philharmonic – the Orchestra of Flanders has highlighted its involving the process of examination, evaluation and between the opera form and that of the oratorio, and the close ties both to its home city, Brussels, and to public broadcasting. The orchestra is like a musical chameleon in

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Zacharias Spyridakis opera Erotokritos and Areti. In 1999 he composed syncopations of the strings in a high tessitura with Shapes in Motion, a piano concerto inspired by chords of fifths, seconds and sevenths accompanying Zacharias Spyridakis was born in 1971 in Athens of Cretan descent. He studied the Pythagoras and dedicated to his daughter Eleni. Some of the piano are characteristic of the composer’s style. In Cretan lyre under teachers of traditional Cretan music and European Music at the Greek his latest works are Evilia Topia (Sunlit Landscapes), the second movement there are two themes. The first Conservatory of Athens, where he now teaches the lyre. His numerous performances fantasy for solo flute; O Nomos tis Thalporis, oratorio- begins with the entrance of the strings and the arpeggios playing the lyre include participation in the Closing Ceremony of the Athens Olympic musical spectacle for voices, choir, wind orchestra, of the piano. The second theme is interpreted by the full Games 2004 and the Cultural Olympiad of Greece to China. Since 1994 he has ballet and video projection, dedicated to the orchestra and is repeated by the piano. The third collaborated with Markopoulos, participating in his concerts. environment; and Triptych for Flute, Strings and Harp. movement has the character of a Dionysian dance, achieved through deliberate rhythmic instabilities that Pyrrichios Dance No. 13: Nemesis govern the relation between piano and orchestra.

Markopoulos composed the 24 Pyrrichioi Dances Triptych for Flute, Strings and Harp between 1966 and 2001 and they were first performed in their entirety on 31st August 2001 at the Herod Atticus Among the latest works composed by Markopoulos in Theatre within the framework of the Athens Festival. the period 2001-2006 are the three Triptychs, for solo The 24 Pyrrichioi Dances correspond to the 24 letters of piano, for guitar and strings, and the present work in the Greek alphabet, each letter forming the beginning of three movements, Andante moderato, Adagio and the title-word, the meaning of which reflects the form Andantino scherzoso, bearing, respectively, the names and style of each dance. Nemesis was an ancient Greek Mitir (Mother), Esperio Fos (Evening Light), Agapi Dalia Ouziel divinity whose activity was connected with the idea of (Love). The first movement, Mitir, consists of an equilibrium, the disturbance of which inevitably alternating motifs of a basic, autonomous melody. In The pianist Dalia Ouziel was born in Israel and studied there at the Rubin Academy with incurs punishment. The composer originally wrote this Esperio Fos the composer uses as a basis the melodic Eliahu Rudiakov and in Belgium at the Conservatoires in Mons and Brussels. Her career dance for violin and orchestra; in its final form, theme of one of his older songs, remoulding the form of has brought performances throughout Europe, the United States, Canada, Israel, Africa however, he changed the rôle of the solo instrument to its composition with frequent dialogue between the and Brazil. In Belgium as well as abroad she has appeared with the most important the flute. flute, the strings and the harp. The third movement, chamber and symphony orchestras with broadcasts and television appearances. A Agapi, is in the same mood but evolves through three regular guest of international chamber music festvals, she has collaborated with Shapes in Motion (Piano Concerto) musical themes. The first theme presented by the strings distinguished colleagues and together with the violinist Jerrold Rubenstein forms a Duo has the rôle of an introduction. The second follows with which has an extensive performing and recording career with a repertoire of more than a Shapes in Motion possesses the morphological the flute, progressing in variations throughout virtually hundred sonatas. In 1975 she began a Piano Duo with her sister Orit Ouziel and was for characteristics of the piano concerto in its free form, that the entirety of the composition. Midway a new rhythmic nineteen years a member of the Belgian Piano Trio together with Jerrold Rubenstein and is three movements, Allegro, Lento and Presto. There is theme arises in the strings, that merges with the theme Edmond Baert. Since 1978 Dalia Ouziel has built a solid reputation as a pedagogue. a cadenza only in the third movement. Markopoulos of the flute. It could be said that with the Triptych Professor at the Royal Conservatoire of Music in Mons, she has given master-classes in created a context where the piano and the orchestra co- Markopoulos aspires to awaken in the listener a feeling Italy, Spain, Brazil, France, England and in the United States. She also serves as professeur extraordinaire at the exist. He was inspired by Pre-Socratic interpretations of of romantic contemplation. Chapelle Musicale Reine Elisabeth of Belgium. the natural laws and particularly by the theory of the harmony of the spheres that is attributed to Pythagoras, Concerto-Rhapsody for Lyre as well as by the present-day deepening awareness of and Symphony Orchestra the sounds of the cosmos. In the first movement the initial 26 bars contain Markopoulos wrote his Concerto-Rhapsody with the compacted orchestral and piano cells which are not aim of honouring the lyre, the most representative repeated at any other point of the concerto and which instrument of his native Crete, establishing in his comprise a composite prologue. The continuous composition the essence of musical symbiosis and

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associations of expression between a local instrument Lamento Marc Grauwels and the symphony orchestra by means of his melodic conception, his rhythms, his harmonic structures and the Lamento forms part of the work Two Classical Sketches The Belgian virtuoso flautist Marc Grauwels made his orchestral début at the age of tone colours of the transparent orchestration that for Flute and String Sextet, composed early in nineteen with the Flemish Opera, while continuing study with James Galway and Jean- characterize his personal style. Markopoulos’s career in 1958 during his studies at the Pierre Rampal. In 1976 he joined the orchestra of the Théâtre de la Monnaie in Brussels The symbiosis and the similarity of sound between Athens Conservatory and influenced by the pre-classical as a piccolo player, leaving in 1978 to take up the position of principal flautist in the the lyre and the orchestra develop in the first movement, period. Beneath the solo flute theme that develops Belgian Radio and Television Symphony Orchestra, which he held over the following where the orchestra begins by accompanying the lyre’s through variations, the accompaniment of the strings, ten years, while serving in 1986 in the same position in Carlo Maria Giulini’s World extended melodic line, while in the second movement expressed in restrained polyphonic terms, is developed Orchestra. In 1987 he embarked fully on a career as a soloist, while teaching at the there develops an organized dialogue with the through counter-themes and contrapuntal elements. Brussels Royal Conservatoire for some fifteen years. He is now Professor at the Mons exposition of the basic theme by the orchestra. In the When the work was recorded, Markopoulos added the Royal Conservatoire. His eclecticism as an international soloist has inspired some third movement (Presto) the symbiosis is converted into harp to the score, which begins with chords in arpeggios hundred composers from all over the world to write especially for him, including Ennio musical contrasts, even conflicts, where the composer before the entrance of the basic theme on the cello; he Morricone, who dedicated to him his Cantata per l’Europa, Astor Piazzolla who wrote has the lyre rendering motifs of a popular Cretan dance. also gave the harp a counter-theme in the middle of the for him his History of the Tango in 1985, and more recently the Greek composer Yannis The work was given its première in the summer of 1987 piece. Lamento is in C minor, with the last four bars Markopoulos, who dedicated his Flute Concerto to Marc Grauwels, a work heard at the in the Nikos Kazantzakis Park Theatre of Irakleio in providing a coda. Olympic Games in Athens in 2004. His many recordings include important releases for Crete and was conducted by the composer. Later it was Naxos. performed in Athens at the Lycabettus Theatre, in Evilia Topia – Sunlit Landscapes, London and in Brussels. Since then it has been Fantasy for solo flute performed numerous times, the main interest of the Concerto-Rhapsody being in its originality of form and Evilia Topia (Sunlit Landscapes), a fantasy for solo Dimitris Papatheodorou distinctiveness of sound. In 2001 the composer made a flute, was given its première by Marc Grauwels in the further elaboration on the work, expanding the Central Hall of the UNESCO Building in Paris in Dimitris Papatheodorou was born in 1968, and studied at the Conservatory of Athens symphonic element with a greater number of strings. It February 1997 in a concert given by Markopoulos at the under the teacher and director of the Conservatory, Aris Garoufalis, at the Sweelinck is in this new version that the work has been recorded. invitation of the international organization. The concert, Conservatory of Amsterdam under Hans Derksen and at the Manhattan School of whose theme was the conservation of the global Music, New York, under Byron Janis. He received a number of scholarships including Note: environment, featured The Liturgy of Orpheus. the Onassis Foundation Scholarship. He was awarded Second Prize in the Ibla The lyre is a stringed instrument whose existence is Markopoulos based the work on the pentatonic scale International Piano Competition, 1992 (Italy), First Prize in the Young Artists Piano documented since the Byzantine period in the ninth and on a form of aleatoric scale. It was dedicated by the Competition, 1995 (USA), and was the special prize-winner of the Artists International century. It is has three strings tuned in fifths (D-A-E) composer to Marc Grauwels. Competition, 1994 (USA). In 1998 he was awarded the Spyros Motsenigos prize from and is mostly played in Crete. The lyre player does not the Athens Academy. He has given concerts in Greece and worldwide and since 2000 use the tips of his fingers to play, as for instance with the Alexandros Stoupakis has been collaborating with Markopoulos in his concerts and recordings. violin, but his nails, plucking the strings from the side.

Little Fantasy for Flute and Piano

Little Fantasy for Flute and Piano is a chamber music work. It was composed by Markopoulos in the spring of 2005. The theme is marked by a spare rhythm, with finely coloured variations. It had its première in June 2005 at the Athens Festival.

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Little Fantasy for Flute and Piano

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G R E E K

C L A S S I C S CMYK NAXOS NAXOS To honour the most representative instrument of his native Crete, Yannis Markopoulos composed his melodious Concerto-Rhapsody for Lyre in which the exotic solo instrument and orchestra display an engaging, symbiotic relationship. His Triptych awakens the listener’s imagination with the contrasting sonorities of flute, harp and strings, while Shapes in Motion establishes from GREEK CLASSICS primordial ideas a harmonious balance between solo piano and orchestra. The shorter works MARKOPOULOS: MARKOPOULOS: showcase his graceful musicality, love of ancient myths and concern for the environment. 8.572237 Yannis DDD MARKOPOULOS Playing Time (b. 1939) 73:21 Shapes in Motion (Piano Concerto) Shapes in Motion (Piano Concerto) Shapes in Motion (Piano Concerto) 1 24 Pyrrichioi Dances: Pyrrichios Dance No. 13, ‘Nemesis’ (2000-2001) 1 7:20 2- 4 Shapes in Motion (Piano Concerto) (1999) 2 21:10 5- 7 Triptych for Flute, Strings and Harp (1969, 2001-06) 3 15:25 8- 0 Concerto-Rhapsody (1986) 4 16:06 Naxos Rights International Ltd. www.naxos.com Disc made in Canada. Printed and assembled USA. Booklet notes in English ൿ 5 ! Little Fantasy (2005) 4:28 &

@ Classical Sketches: No. 2. Lamento (1958) 6 3:38 Ꭿ # Evilia Topia (Sunlit Landscapes) (2007) 7 5:15 2009 Marc Grauwels, Flute 1, 3, 5-7 • Dimitri Papatheodorou, Piano 2 Zacharias Spyridakis, Cretan lyre 4 Dalia Ouziel, Piano 5 • Sophie Hallynck, Harp 3, 6 Brussels Virtuosi 3, 6 • Brussels Philharmonic – The Orchestra of Flanders 1 Flanders Opera Symphony Orchestra 2, 4 Michel Tilkin 1 • Edwig Abrath 2, 4 • Iannis Leonidakis 3, 6 8.572237 A full track list and recording details can be found on page 2 of the booklet 8.572237 Publisher: Elliniki Dimiourgia • Producer: Eleni Markopoulou (Elliniki Dimiourgia) Engineers: Steven Maes, Gilbert Steurbaut, Thomas de Pauw • Casting Manager: Pascale Montauban Cover painting by Dimitris Mytaras (b. 1934) (by kind permission)