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Handbook of Sexuality-Related Measures

Robin R. Milhausen, John K. Sakaluk, Terri D. Fisher, Clive M. Davis, William L. Yarber

Affect and Emotions

Publication details https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315183169-3 Robin R. Milhausen, John K. Sakaluk, Terri D. Fisher, Clive M. Davis, William L. Yarber Published online on: 12 Jul 2019

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The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The publisher shall not be liable for an loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 1 of thepartner’sbehavior, and may therefore resultin ventive andanxiousjealousy may involvemisperceptions a token of love and commitment. In contrast, both pre sidered asrelativelyhealthy,andmaybeinterpreted sex withsomeoneelse),thistypeofjealousycanbecon relationship threat(forinstance,one’spartnerishaving reactive jealousyconstitutesadirectresponsetoanactual and may severely undermine the relationship. Because protect it,jealousymayalsosignaldistrustandinsecurity care foreachotherandvaluetheirrelationshipenoughto distinguished byPfeiffer&Wong,1989). ciousness, andworrying(similartocognitivejealousy,as which leadstomoreorlessobsessiveanxiety,upset,suspi the partnerbecomingsexuallyinvolvedwithsomeoneelse, active cognitiveprocessinwhichonegeneratesimagesof ment ofone’spartnerwithsomeoneelse.Thisimpliesan the merepossibilityofsexualandemotionalinvolve Third, labelled behavioraljealousybyPfeifferandWong(1989). als oftheoppositesex.Asimilarphenomenonhasbeen efforts topreventcontactofthepartnerwithindividu partner inathirdperson,expressedthroughconsiderable with evenslightindicationsofinterestonthepartone’s & CastroSolano,2012)concernsanextremepreoccupation referred to as possessive jealousy or mate guarding; Buunk iors withathirdperson.Second, their partnerwouldengageinanumberofintimatebehav jealousy referstothedegreeofupsetpeopleexperienceif separate scalesforthreetypesofjealousy.First, line withtheseperspectives,ourpurposewastodevelop tidimensional phenomenon(e.g.,Sharpsteen,1991).In (e.g., Buunk,1991),andhasbeenconceptualizedasamul sexual, involvementofone’spartnerwithsomeoneelse the to actual, imagined,orexpectedemotional,andparticularly response anegative as defined been has Jealousy Dick P.H.Barelds, Pieternel D.Dijkstra, Abraham P.Buunk, Types ofJealousyScales 3 Address correspondenceto:[email protected] Whereas jealousymaysignalthatromanticpartners anxious Affect andEmotions jealousy refers to an obsessive focus upon jealousy refers to an obsessive focus upon 1 UniversityofGroningen UniversityofGroningen,NetherlandsInterdisciplinaryDemographicInstitute privatepractice preventive jealousy (also jealousy(also reactive ------

34 Development and dissatisfaction,evenaggression. criticism, arguments,blaming,relationshipuncertainty much applicable ventive jealousy upset jealousy differ betweenthethreesubscales.Theitemsfor scales Likert These scale. Likert-type five-point, a on to per scale)areself-reportitemswhichparticipantsrespond (five items fifteen All relationship. a have did they if feel case, respondentsareaskedtothinkabouthowtheywould without acommittedintimaterelationship.Inthelatter The scalecanbe completed bothbyindividualswithand Response ModeandTiming of jealousy(e.g.,Hoaken,1976;Jaremko&Lindsey,1979). had experiencedjealousy,andondescriptionsofclinicalforms scales (Buunk,1991),extensiveinterviewswithpeoplewho anxious jealousy by Buunk(1998).Theitemsforthe based upontheAnticipatedSexualJealousyScaledeveloped The itemsgeneratedforthescaleon through 15. and 10, through 6 are items Reactive jealousy subscale. each for items five the on scores the summing by The scoresforeachofthethreesubscalescanbeobtained Scoring plete allthreescalesistypicallyabout2to3minutes. ranges from1( ) to5( areansweredonascalerangingfrom1( extremely upset never scales were based on earlier more extensive scaleswerebasedonearliermoreextensive rangefrom1( ). Theresponsescalefor itemsare1through5, ) to5( ). Theresponsescalefor very often anxious jealousy not applicable preventive jealousy reactive jealousy ). Thetimetocom preventive jealousy anxious jealousy items are 11 itemsare11 ) to 5 ( not at all not atall reactive reactive were were very very and and pre - -

Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 their partnerinthepresentrelationship. a particularinterestinsafe-guarding theinvolvementof theoretically expectedbecause fertilewomenmayhave reactive jealousy Van women experienced more and fertile that Buunk showed recently, (2016) Brummen-Girigori More 2003). Dijkstra, & was notrelatedtorelationshipquality(seealsoBarelds tively torelationshipquality,and relationship quality, studies that relationship, BareldsandDijkstra(2007)foundinthree preventive jealousy an actualrelationshipthreat,whereasboth tive jealousy of thethreescales.Consistentwithideathat the avoidant. anxious-ambivalent wereconsistentlymorejealousthan insecure style,andamongthosewithanthe ment stylewereconsistentlylessjealousthanthosewithan of theirparents.Furthermore,thosewithasecureattach hood, hadtocompetewiththeirsiblingsfortheresources child their throughout have, later-borns first-borns, than so more therefore, that and first-borns in more resources fact thatparentsofteninvesttheirmaterialandimmaterial todifferences due in personalityorattachmentstyle,andmaybeduetothe not was effect latter This first-borns. and weremoreprevalentamonglater-bornsthan social anxiety, rigidity, hostility and a low self-esteem, or lessmaladaptivepersonalitycharacteristics,including that allthreetypesofjealousywerecorrelatedwithmore found (1997) Buunk scales, the on study first the In ness. positively withneuroticismandnegativelyagreeable (2008) foundthatallthreetypesofjealousycorrelated of thethreescales.Intwosamples,DijkstraandBarelds There isconsiderableevidencefortheconstructvalidity Validity both homosexualsandheterosexuals). .84 (Barelds,Dijkstra,Groothof&Pastoor,2017;among (Buunk & Van Brummen-Girigori, 2016), and .80, .87 and .82 (Study2;Dijkstra&Barelds,2008),.74,.85and.92 and .74, .76, 2008), Barelds, & Dijkstra 1; (Study .86 and .76, 76, 2007), Dijkstra, & Barelds 3; (Study .87 and .78 .70, 2007), Dijkstra, & Barelds 2; (Study .89 and .76 .71, uals), 64, .78, and .87 (Study 1; Barelds & Dijkstra, 2007), & Dijkstra, 2006, among both homosexuals and heterosex and .83 (Barelds & Dijkstra, 2003), .85, .88 and .77, .72 .76, (Barelds obtained: were reliabilities similar studies, quent were respectively .76, .89 and .89 (Buunk, 1997). In subse reactive jealousy, preventivejealousy In theoriginalstudy,alphareliabilitiesforscales Reliability There isalsoevidenceforthediscriminantvalidity constitutesarelativelyhealthyresponseto reactive jealousy , thandidnon-fertilewomen. Thiswas maybecomeproblematicforthe preventive jealousy anxious jealousy was positively related to and preventive jealousy wasrelatednega , butnotmore anxious jealousy anxious Affect andEmotions reac and ------

applied principal components analysis (PCA) with an applied principal components analysis (PCA)withan (2003) Dijkstra and Barelds scales. three the of pendence anxious they may project their tendencies on the partner, fueling Dark Triadscoresaremorelikelytohavebeenunfaithful, reactive jealousy (Machiavellianism, psychopathyandnarcissism),whereas cially both homosexualsandheterosexuals, Dijkstra, GroothofandPastoor(2017)showedthat,among partner willnotcheat.Also,inarelatedvein,Barelds, may belesslikelytocheatandalsoexpectthattheir (Dijkstra &Barelds,2008).Conscientiousindividuals to Conscientiousness hasbeenfoundtorelatemorestrongly ousy to Neuroticism hasbeenfoundtoberelatedmorestrongly evidence forthediscriminantvalidityofthreescales. teristics andthethreetypesofjealousyprovideadditional Barelds, D. P.H.,&Dijkstra, P. (2007).Relations between different pos and anxious Reactive, (2006). P. jaloezie Dijkstra, & van H., P. meten D. Barelds, Het (2003). P. Dijkstra, & H., P. D. Barelds, References dating; Barelds&Dijkstra,2003). different relationshipstatuses(e.g.,married,cohabiting,or men andwomen,peopleofdifferentages,with are generallyweak,withjustminordifferencesbetween 2003; Buunk, 1997). Relations with biographical variables jealousy with slightly higher than the correlationsof these two types of (i.e., the tion, theintercorrelationsbetweenmoreclinicalscales weak to moderate (e.g., Barelds & Dijkstra, 2003). In addi which stronglysupportsthestructuralvalidityofscale. preventive jealousy congruencies wereveryhigh( and thethreefactorsfoundinexplorativePCA.These the threeapriorifactors(thetheoreticalsubscales), (Tucker’s phi;Tucker,1951)werecomputedbetween the expected factor. In addition, congruence coefficients variance. Allfifteenitemshadtheirhighestloadingon test andinterpretation)whichexplained57percentofthe pants. Threecomponentswerefound(basedontheScree partici 1,366 of scores the to (oblimin) rotation oblique Factor analysishassupportedtheconceptualinde Studies ontherelationshipbetweenpersonalitycharac The intercorrelations of the three scales are generally The intercorrelations of the threescales are generally reactive jealousy anxious doi.org/10.1002/cpp.532 quality. types ofjealousyandselfpartner perceptions of relationship 51 among heterosexuals and homosexuals. sessive formsofjealousy and their relation to relationship quality [Measuring jealousy]. (e.g., Barelds & Dijkstra, 2003; Buunk, 1997). 1997). Buunk, 2003; Dijkstra, & Barelds (e.g., , 183–198.https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v51n03_09 preventive and preventive Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy and preventive jealousy reactive jealousy preventive jealousy , jealousy were related to Dark Triad traits , jealousywererelatedtoDarkTriadtraits was not. As individuals reporting high was not. As individuals reporting high and

than to the other two types of jealousy thantotheothertwotypesofjealousy ϕ Diagnostiek-wijzer

= .97,and anxious jealousy reactive jealousy (e.g., Barelds & Dijkstra, (e.g., Barelds &Dijkstra, . anxious jealousy thanto Journal of Homosexuality , 2 , 56–67. anxious scales) tend to be scales)tendtobe , 14 , 176–188. https:// 176–188. , reactive jeal , andespe

ϕ ϕ

= = .99), .99), .98, .98, 35 ------, Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 Please indicatetowhatextentthefollowing statementsare applicable toyou: How would you feel ifyour would partner Exhibit Buunk, A.P.,&CastroSolano,(2012).Mateguardingandparen Buunk, A.P.(1998).TheAnticipatedSexualJealousyScale.In Buunk, A.P.(1997).Personality, birth order and attachment styles Buunk, A.P.(1991).Jealousyincloserelationships: An exchange Barelds, D.P.H.,Dijkstra,P.,Groothof,H.A.K.,&Pastoor,C.(2017). 36

10. 5. 4. 3. 1. 9. 8. 7. 6. 2.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2010.01342.x choice. mate on influence tal Thousand Oaks,CA:Sage. (Eds.), C. M.Davis,W.L.Yarber,R.Bauserman,G.Schreer,&S.Davis 00136-0 Differences as related tovarioustypesofjealousy. Publications. spectives on jealousy and envy theoretical perspective. In P.Salovey(Ed.), org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.04.017 ship. heterosexuals and homosexualsinvolved in aromantic relation The DarkTriadandthreetypesofjealousy:Itsrelationsamong . . . . . I findithard toletmy go his/herown partner way. I amquitepossessive withrespect tomy partner. look atotherwomen/men. I demandfrom my thathe/shedoesnot partner people oftheoppositesexonafriendly basis. It isnotacceptabletomeifmy sees partner people oftheoppositesex. I don’t wantmy tomeettoomany partner

. . . . .

. . . . .

kiss someone else. someone kiss someone. with flirt discuss personalthingswithsomeoneelse. dance intimately with someone else. have sexualcontactwithsomeoneelse. Preventive Jealousy Reactive Jealousy Types ofJealousy Personality andIndividual Differences Handbook ofsexuality-relatedmeasures , 23 , 997–1006. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(97) 997–1006. , Personal Relationships (pp.148–177).NewYork:Guilford Personality & Individual , .

. 116

. Handbook ofSexuality-RelatedMeasures Psychological per , 6–10. https://doi. 6–10. , p. 432–433). (pp. , Not atallupset 19 , 103–112. ,      1 applicable Not - - -     

1 Tucker, L. R.(1951). Sharpsteen, D.J.(1991).Theorganizationofjealousyknowledge: Pfeiffer, S.M.,&Wong,P.T.(1989).Multidimensional jealousy. Jaremko, M.E.,&Lindsey,R.(1979).Stresscopingabilities of individ disorder. psychiatric of symptom a as Jealousy (1976). S. C. P. Hoaken, (2008). Selfandpartnerpersonality P. H. Dijkstra, P.,&Barelds,D. Menstrual (2016). J. O. Brummen-Girigori, Van & P., A. Buunk, A bitupset of theArmy. Personnel Research Section Report no. 984.Washington, DC: Dept. chology ofjealousyandenvy Romantic jealousyasablendedemotion.InP.Salovey(Ed.), doi.org/10.1177/026540758900600203 Journal ofSocial and PersonalRelationships https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1979.44.2.547 uals highandlowinjealousy. Australian andNewZealandJournalofPsychiatry 42 responses torelationship threats. Behaviour cycle effectsonjealousy:AstudyinCuraçao. , 1500–1511.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2008.06.008 applicable      2 Hardly      2 , 14 , 43–54.https://doi.org/10.1556/2050.2016.0003 Rather upset A method forsynthesis of factor analytic studies Somewhat applicable      3      3 (pp.31–51).NewYork:GuilfordPress. Psychological Reports Journal ofResearchinPersonality Very upset      applicable 4 Quite      4 , Evolution, Mind and 6 , 181–196. https:// 181–196. , Extremely upset , 10 , , 47–51. 44 Very much applicable , 547–553. ,      5 The psy      5 - - . , Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 2 thirty questions.Factoranalyseswereconductedonthedata ness. Tenquestionsareaskedforeachmoodstateatotalof Anxiety/stress, sadness/depression,andhappiness/cheerful The MSQ-Revaluatestheeffectsofthreemoodstates: Development reciprocal effects(e.g.,howsexualactivityimpactsmood). desire formasturbation,anditassessespossiblebehavioralor the effectsofmoodondesireforsexwithapartnerversus ferentiates betweenpositiveandnegativemood Vukadinovic, 2003). In contrast to the MSQ, the MSQ-R dif et Carnes, Strong, depression onsexualdesireandresponse(Bancroft,Janssen, naire thatasksabouttheeffectsofstress/anxietyandsadness/ Sexuality Questionnaire(MSQ),ashort4-itemquestion response, andbehavior.ThisscalebuildsontheMood negative moodstatesandvariousaspectsofsexualdesire, indi measures vidual differencesintherelationshipbetweenpositiveand 2013) Mustanski, & Macapagal, Janssen, The RevisedMoodandSexualityQuestionnaire(MSQ-R; Brian Mustanski, Kathryn Macapagal, Erick Janssen, The RevisedMoodandSexualityQuestionnaire 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. Please indicatetheextenttowhichyou experience thefollowing feelings: Address correspondenceto:[email protected]

I worrythatmy mightleave partner mefor someoneelse. meetsmembersoftheoppositesex. partner I amconcernedaboutallthethingsthatcouldhappen ifmy someone else. I amafraidthatmy issexually interested partner in relationship withsomeoneelse. I worryabouttheideathatmy couldhave partner asexual more attractive thanme. I amconcernedaboutmy findingsomeoneelse partner Anxious Jealousy al., 2003; Bancroft, Janssen, Strong, & & Strong, Janssen, Bancroft, 2003; al., 2 UniversityofLeuven NorthwesternUniversity NorthwesternUniversity Affect andEmotions - - - - Never of mood on sexual desire (i.e., thoughts about sex, overall of moodonsexualdesire(i.e.,thoughtsaboutsex,overall For eachmoodstate,sixofthe10itemscovereffects Response ModeandTiming ings forthesefivefactorsrangedfrom.53to.84. when in a certainmood( as wellthepositiveandnegativeeffectsofsexualactivity ior ( response ( that focusontheeffectsofnegativemoodsexualarousal/ ings rangingfrom.59to.82).Inaddition,factorswerefound effects ofpositivemoodonsexuality( ( desire sexual on sadness/depression of effects the .81), to .76 stress onsexualdesire( of thevariance.Thefactorsincludedeffectsanxiety/ produced 8factorswhichtogetheraccountedfor70percent homosexual men,and929heterosexualwomen.Theanalyses et (Janssen women and men 1,983 of sample a from obtained DepDes      al., 2013). The sample included 632 heterosexual men, 422 1 Regret , factor loadings ranging from .71 to .83), and the the and .83), to .71 from ranging loadings factor , Rarely Arousal ), theeffectsofmoodonmasturbation(      2 ), theeffectsofmoodonregrettablebehav Occasionally AnxDes      3 Improve; Worse). , factor loadings ranging from , factorloadingsrangingfrom Quite often HapSex      4 Thefactorload , factorload Very often Mastur      5 37 ), ), - - - Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 effect ofpositive moodonsexuality( erosexual women, and.87forhomosexualmen. Andforthe For men. Cronbach alphas were .87 for homosexual heterosexual men, .86 for het for .86 and women, ual alphas were.87forheterosexual men,.84forheterosex (Janssen et .88 and .60 between ranged alphas Cronbach’s Reliability anger onsexuality. of effects the represent 31 to 21 items selection, item final Although notincludedintheMSQ-Rfactoranalysesand items inagivensubscale(seeJanssenet al.,2013). MSQ-R scoresareobtainedbycalculatingthemeanof Scoring a sexualpartnerinthepastyear following additionalansweroptionisgiven:“ ally a 5-pointscale:1( makes onefeelbetteraboutoneself).Eachitemwasratedon of themood,sexmakesonefeelclosertoone’spartner, on themoodstate(i.e.,sexincreases/decreasesintensity tions foreachmoodstatecovertheeffectsofsexualactivity and 5( ( on a5-pointLikert-typescale:1( ious orstressed,Ithinkaboutsex not influence their desire or behavior (e.g., “When I feel anx being inacertainmoodstatedecreases,increases,ordoes For eachquestion,participantsareaskedtoindicatewhether tion frequency,andsexualbehaviorsonemightregretlater. partner), theabilitytobecomesexuallyaroused,masturba desire for sex, and desire for sex specifically with one’s own 38 less than usual al., 2013). For example, for the factor and 38. Negative effects ofsexonmood( and 19. Positive effects of sex( and 37. Effect ofmoodonmasturbation( 5, 15,34,and36. Effect of moodonregrettable behavior ( ( Effect of negative mood on sexual arousal/response 32, 33,35,39,40,and41. Effect of positivemoodonsexuality ( Items 11,12,and13. Effect ofsadness/depressiononsexualdesire( Items 1,2,and3. Effect of anxiety/stress on sexual desire ( ), and5( Arousal much morethanusual ): Items4and14. always ), 3 ( 3 ), never ). For questions involving a partner, the ). Forquestionsinvolvingapartner,the same as usual ), 2( Improve rarely ). Theremainingfourques .” . much lessthanusual . ), 3 ( 3 ), .”). Each item was rated .”). Eachitemwasrated ): Items7,8,9,17,18, ), 4 ( Worse Mastur HapSex AnxDes sometimes more than usual Handbook ofSexuality-RelatedMeasures HapSex ): Items10,20, Regret ): Items 6, 16, 16, 6, Items ): I have not had I havenothad ), Cronbach’s ), Cronbach’s , Cronbach’s , Cronbach’s DepDes AnxDes ), 4( DepDes ): Items ): Items usu ), 2 ), 2 ): ): ), ), ------, with highermasturbationfrequencies,especiallyinwomen. increased desireduringanxiousmoodstateswasassociated ners inbars,clubs,oratparties.Thetendencytoexperience partner and with a higher frequency of searching for part associated with higher levels of desire for sex with any depressed ( women, tendenciestoexperienceincreaseddesireduring ated with higher frequencies of offline sex. For heterosexual online. Forhomosexualmen,higherscoreswereassoci associated withanincreasedfrequencyofsearchingforsex increased desireduringanxiousmoodstates( ( iors variedbygroup.Focusingonthestrongestcorrelations Intercorrelations andcorrelationswithvarioussexualbehav Validity ness toone’sownpartner)forhomosexualmen. women, and .62 (or .68 after removing the item about close alphas were.82forheterosexualmen,.88 greater effectsofpositivemoodonsexualitywereassoci in a sample of newlywed men and women, Lykins, Janssen, in asampleofnewlywed menandwomen,Lykins, Janssen, significant predictor ofself-reportedinfidelity. Moreover, and Milhausen(2011)found thatthe a sampleofheterosexualmen andwomen,Mark,Janssen, domains, andintheeffectsof sexualactivityonmood.In but alsointheeffectsofmood onvariousbehavioral not onlyintheeffectsofmood onsexualdesireandarousal, men’s andwomen’ssexuality.Thisvariabilitywasfound substantial variabilityinhowdifferentmoodstatesimpact revealed MSQ-R the 2006), et Graham, & Carnes, Janssen, Lykins, Strong, Janssen, Bancroft, 2003; MSQ (e.g.,Bancroft,Janssen,Strong,&Vukadinovic, frequency ofsexualintercourse,amongotherbehaviors. is inanegativemoodstatewasassociatedwithhigher tendency toexperiencepositiveeffectsofsexwhenone effects ofsex( tive effects of sex ( some significantcorrelationswerefoundwiththenega with agenerallyhigherfrequencyofmasturbation.Also, more wheninacertainmoodstate( higher frequenciesofvisitingeroticwebsites. iors. Forhomosexualmen,higherscoreswerelinkedwith partners inbars,clubs,andatparties,amongotherbehav were also linked with a greater frequency of searching for desire forsexwithanypartner.Forwomen,higherscores things oneregrets( association withoursexualbehaviorvariables. desire/response ( of intercourse.Theeffectnegativemoodonsexual mood onsexualitywerecorrelatedwithahigherfrequency for sexinwomen.Forallgroups,greatereffectsofpositive ated withincreasedfrequencyofmasturbationanddesire r

Correlations involvingthe Consistent with findings from studies using the 4-item Consistent withfindingsfromstudiesusingthe4-item In eachofthethreegroups,tendencytomasturbate In heterosexual men and women, the likelihood of doing > .20), in heterosexual men, the tendency to experience .20),inheterosexualmen,thetendencytoexperience DepDes Improve Arousal Regret ) andanxiousstates( Worse ) scales. In all three samples, the ) scales.Inallthreesamples,the ) scale did not reveal as strong an ) scaledidnotrevealasstrongan ) and, in particular, the positive ) and,in particular, the positive ) was positively correlated with ) waspositivelycorrelatedwith HapSex Mastur scale indicated that scaleindicatedthat Regret ) was associated ) wasassociated AnxDes AnxDes scale was a scalewasa al., 2003; 2003; al., ) were ) were ) was ) was ------Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 4a. 3a. 2a. 1a. other) ornon-exclusive/non-monogamous (thatis, oneorbothofyou hasorhadsexwithotherpartners). relationship anytime inthepastyear. This relationship can be exclusive/monogamous (thatis, you have orhadsexonly witheach The word refers‘sexual partner’ toapersonwithwhomyou currently are inasexualrelationship, orwithwhomyou hadasexual or manual stimulation ofpenisorvagina). The word ‘sex’ refers ofthepenisinvaginaoranus) tosexualintercourse aswell (entry asothertypesofsexualbehavior (e.g., oral each statementcarefully anddecidehow you would typically react whenyou feel like that. in oneofthefollowing moodstates: anxiousorstressed, sadordepressed, orfrustrated, angry orhappy orcheerful. Pleaseread In thisquestionnaire you willfindstatementsaboutwhattypically happens toyour sexualdesire andsexualresponse whenyou are Exhibit Bancroft, J.,Janssen,E.,Strong,D.,Carnes,L.,Vukadinovic, Z., & References function andbehavior. evance toourunderstandingofvariousaspectssexual in howmoodinfluencessexualityandillustratetheirrel underscore thevalueofexaminingindividualdifferences satisfaction. Althoughpreliminaryinnature,thesefindings ples’ sexualitywasasignificantpredictorofmen’ssexual arousal, andthatsimilarityinhowhappinessimpactscou a significantpredictorofwomen’sproblemswithsexual similarity inthesexualeffectsofanxietyandstresswas Newhouse, Heiman,andRafaeli (2012) foundthatcouple

doi.org/10.1023/A:1023409516739 erosexual men. het in sexuality and mood between relation The (2003). S. J. Long,   How oftendoyou feel happy orcheerful?     How oftendoyou orfrustrated? feel angry     How oftendoyou feel sadordepressed?     How oftendoyou feel anxiousorstressed? Occasionally Never Often Occasionally Never Often Occasionally Never Often Occasionally Never Male Version Revised MoodandSexualityQuestionnaire Very often Very often Very often Archives of Sexual Behavior , 32 , 217–230. https:// 217–230. , 4b. 3b. 2b. 1b. Affect andEmotions

How happy orcheerful orfrustrated How angry How sadordepressed How anxiousor stressed              

- - - Somewhat, similartomostpeopleIknow I never feel happy orcheerful Very strongly, much more thanmostpeopleIknow Strongly, more thanmostpeopleIknow Somewhat, similartomost peopleIknow I never orfrustrated feel angry Very strongly, much more thanmostpeopleIknow Strongly, more thanmostpeopleIknow Somewhat, similartomostpeopleIknow I never feel sadordepressed Very strongly, much more thanmostpeopleIknow Strongly, more thanmostpeopleIknow Somewhat, similartomostpeopleIknow I never feel anxiousorstressed Mark, K., Janssen, E., & Milhausen, R. (2011). Infidelity in heterosexual Lykins, A.,Janssen,E.,Newhouse,S.,Heiman, J., &Rafaeli, E. (2012). relationship The (2006). C. Graham, & E., Janssen, A., Lykins, differ Individual (2013). B. Mustanski, & K., Macapagal, E., Janssen, The (2003). Z. Vukadinovic, & D., Strong, E., Janssen, J., Bancroft, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-011-9771-z tors ofextradyadic sex. couples: Demographic, interpersonal, and personality-related predic https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02698.x tion innewlywedcouples. effects ofmoodonsexualitysexualproblemsandsatisfac The effects of similarity in sexual excitationandinhibition and in the org/10.1080/00224490609552308 women and men. between negative mood andsexuality in heterosexual college 676–687. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2012.684251 Sexuality Questionnaire (MSQ-R). ences intheeffects of moodonsexuality: The Revised Moodand Behavior relation between moodandsexualityingaymen. , 32 , 231–242.https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023461500810 can can can can you feel? you feel? Journal of Sex Research you feel? you feel? Archives ofSexualBehavior Journal ofSexualMedicine Journal ofSex Research , 43 , 136–143. https://doi. 136–143. , Archives ofSexual , , 9 40 , 1360–1366. , 971–982. , 50 39 - - - , Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. you . did often How please thinkofatypicalmonthduringthelastyear (e.g., notonvacationorunusually busy). moodstate,certain we would like toknow afew thingsaboutyour sexuallife ingeneral. Inanswering thefollowing questions, Before we askyou more specificquestionsabouthow your sexualdesire andsexualresponse are affected whenyou are ina 5. 40

Experience difficultyinobtaining ormaintaininganerection duringsexualactivity? Masturbate onyour own? Feel like doing somethingsexualthatyou regretted later? Feel like having sexwithsomebody(notnecessarily withyour partner)? Feel like initiating sexwithyour sexualpartner? Think aboutsex?    Typically, whenyou experiencedepression, doyou feel anxiousoragitatedatthesametime?   No s Ye Often Sexual ActivityQuestions I don’t know Very often . . Handbook ofSexuality-RelatedMeasures  

Very strongly, much more thanmostpeopleIknow Strongly, more thanmostpeopleknow                                   

Never Occasionally Once aday A few timesaweek Once aweek One ortwo times Not once Less thanhalfthetime Most ofthetime Several timesaday Once aday A few timesaweek Once aweek One ortwo times Not once Several timesaday Once aday A few timesaweek Once aweek One ortwo times Not once Several timesaday Once aday A few timesaweek Once aweek One ortwo times Not once Several timesaday Once aday A few timesaweek Once aweek One ortwo times Not once Several timesaday Not applicable(nopartner) Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 source ofstress oranxiety. In answering thequestions, pleaseignore possible situationsinwhich(theprospect of)sexual activityitselfwasa feel anxiousorstressed. uneasy aboutsomethingandnotbesure whatitis. Try andthinkofwhathappens whenyou are insituationslike this, whenyou under pressure tomeetyour financialresponsibilities (e.g., paying bills). Oryou may feel anxiousorstressed becauseyou feel stressed whenyou are underpressure tasksdone. toperform ortogetcertain Oryou may beanxiousorstressed whenyou’re tothinkoftimesduringthepastyear thatyoutry actually felt anxiousorstressed ortense. For example, you may feel anxiousor The nextquestionsare aboutthe effect ofbeinganxious/stressed/tense onyour sexuality. When answering thequestions, please 13. 12. 11. knowing exactly why. But you canalsofeel sadwhenyou read orwatchupsetting things(e.g., movies). Oryou may have justfelt sad ordepressed, not in your relationships withothers(e.g., abreak-up, adisagreement), orwhensomeoneyou cared aboutmoved orpassedaway. events thatcanmake orhave madeyou feel sad. For example, you may have felt sadordepressed whenunpleasantthingshappened questions, tothinkoftimesduringthepast year thatyou pleasetry actually felt sadordepressed. You canthinkofsituationsor The nextquestionsare abouttheeffect ofsadness/depression/feeling low ordown on your sexuality. When answering the 10. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 9. 8. 7.

own. When Ifeel anxious orstressed, Imasturbateonmy something sexualthatIregret later. When Ifeel anxious orstressed, Iamlikely todo keep anerection is. When Ifeel anxious orstressed, my abilitytogetor with somebody(notnecessarily withmy partner). When Ifeel anxiousorstressed, Ifeel like having sex inthepastyear).partner sex withmy ( partner When Ifeel anxiousorstressed, Ifeel like initiating When Ifeel anxiousorstressed, Ithinkaboutsex. with somebody(notnecessarily withmy partner). When Ifeel sadordepressed, Ifeel like having sex inthepastyear).partner sex withmy ( partner When Ifeel sadordepressed, Ifeel like initiating When Ifeel sadordepressed, Ithinkaboutsex. makes mefeel more anxious/stressed. When Ifeel anxious orstressed, sexualactivity makes mefeel betteraboutmyself. When Ifeel anxious orstressed, sexualactivity inthepastyear).had asexualpartner makes mefeel closertomy ( partner When Ifeel anxious orstressed, sexualactivity makes mefeel lessanxiousorstressed. When Ifeel anxious orstressed, sexualactivity When Ifeelanxiousorstressed When Ifeelsadordepressed   Ihave nothadasexual Ihave nothadasexual  Ihave not ...... Affect andEmotions than usual Much less than usual Much less Never 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Less than Less than Rarely usual usual 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Same asusual Sometimes Same as usual 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 More than More than Usually usual usual 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Much more Much more than usual than usual Always 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 41 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 31. 30. 29. 28. 27. 26. 25. 24. 23. 22. 21. With theexception ofquestion23, thequestionsare expected, orwhenpeopleseemed tobeworking againstyou. things didnothappen or turnouttheway you wantedthemto, taskstooklongerorwere whencertain more difficultthanyou questions, tothinkoftimesduringthepastyear thatyou pleasetry indeedfelt angry. For example, you may have when felt angry The nextquestionsare abouttheeffect offeeling angry/irritated/annoyed/frustrated onyour sexuality. When answering the 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 42

makes mefeel more angry/frustrated. orfrustrated,When Ifeel angry sexualactivity makes mefeel betteraboutmyself. orfrustrated,When Ifeel angry sexualactivity inthepastyear).not hadasexualpartner makes mefeel closertomy ( partner orfrustrated,When Ifeel angry sexualactivity makes orfrustrated. mefeel lessangry orfrustrated,When Ifeel angry sexualactivity on my own. orfrustrated,When Ifeel angry Imasturbate sexual thatIregret later. orfrustrated,When Ifeel angry Idosomething get orkeep anerection is. orfrustrated,When Ifeel angry my abilityto partner). sex withsomebody(notnecessarily withmy orfrustrated,When Ifeel angry Ifeel like having have inthepastyear). nothadasexualpartner I feel like initiatingsexwithherorhim( orfrustrated When Ifeel angry inthepastyear).had asexualpartner initiating sexwithmy ( partner orfrustrated,When Ifeel angry Ifeel like orfrustrated,When Ifeel angry Ithinkaboutsex. makes mefeel more sad/depressed. When Ifeel sadordepressed, sexualactivity makes mefeel betteraboutmyself. When Ifeel sadordepressed, sexualactivity inthepastyear).had asexualpartner makes mefeel closertomy ( partner When Ifeel sadordepressed, sexualactivity makes mefeel lesssadordepressed. When Ifeel sadordepressed, sexualactivity own. When Ifeel sadordepressed, Imasturbateonmy sexual thatIregret later. When Ifeel sadordepressed, Idosomething keep anerection is. When Ifeel sadordepressed, my abilitytogetor When Ifeelangryorfrustrated  with my partner Ihave not   Ihave not Ihave  Handbook ofSexuality-RelatedMeasures . I . . , than usual Much less Never

not Never 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

about being angry atyour partner.about beingangry Less than Rarely Rarely usual 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Sometimes Sometimes Same as usual 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 than usual Usually Usually More 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Much more than usual Always Always 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 happy orcheerful. or cheerful, for noapparent reason. Try andthinkofwhathappens whenyou are inoneofthosesituations, whenyou feel did orsaidsomethingnicetofor you, orwhensomethinghappened you hadhopedfor. Oryou may have justfelt happy may have felt happy orcheerfulwhenyou didsomethingyou felt proud about, whenyou won something, whensomeone The nextquestionsare about theeffect offeeling happy orcheerfulonyour sexuality. For example, duringthepastyear you 37. 36. 35. 34. 33. 32. 2a. 1a. other) ornon-exclusive/non-monogamous (thatis, oneorbothofyou hasorhadsexwithotherpartners). relationship anytime inthepastyear. This relationship canbeexclusive/monogamous (thatis, you have or hadsexonly witheach The word refers‘sexual partner’ toapersonwithwhomyou currently are inasexualrelationship, orwithwhomyou hadasexual or manual stimulation ofpenisorvagina). The word ‘sex’ refers ofthepenisinvagina oranus) tosexualintercourse aswell (entry asothertypesofsexual behavior (e.g., oral each statementcarefully anddecidehow you would typically react whenyou feel like that. in oneofthefollowing moodstates: anxiousorstressed, sadordepressed, orfrustrated, angry orhappy orcheerful. Pleaseread In thisquestionnaire you willfindstatementsaboutwhattypically happens toyour sexualdesire andsexualresponse whenyou are 41. 40. 39. 38.

own. When Ifeel happy orcheerful, Imasturbateon my sexual thatIregret later. When Ifeel happy orcheerful, Idosomething keep anerection is. When Ifeel happy orcheerful, my abilitytogetor with somebody(notnecessarily withmy partner). When Ifeel happy orcheerful, Ifeel like having sex inthepastyear).partner sex withmy ( partner When Ifeel happy orcheerful, Ifeel like initiating When Ifeel happy orcheerful, Ithinkaboutsex.   How oftendoyou feel sadordepressed?     How oftendoyou feel anxiousorstressed? makes mefeel more happy orcheerful. When Ifeel happy orcheerful, sexualactivity makes mefeel betteraboutmyself. When Ifeel happy orcheerful, sexualactivity inthepastyear).had asexualpartner makes mefeel closertomy ( partner When Ifeel happy orcheerful, sexualactivity makes mefeel lesshappy orcheerful. When Ifeel happy orcheerful, sexualactivity Occasionally Never Often Occasionally Never When Ifeelhappyorcheerful Female Version Very often  Ihave nothadasexual  Ihave not . . . 2b. 1b. Affect andEmotions

How sadordepressed How anxiousorstressed       than usual Much less

Never Somewhat, similartomost peopleIknow I never feel sadordepressed Very strongly, much more thanmostpeopleIknow Strongly, more thanmostpeopleIknow Somewhat, similartomostpeopleIknow I never feel anxiousorstressed 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Less than Rarely usual 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 can can you feel? you feel? Sometimes Same as usual 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 than usual Usually More 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Much more than usual Always 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 43 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 3. 2. 1. Howyoudid often . please thinkofatypicalmonthduringthelastyear (e.g., notonvacationorunusually busy). moodstate,certain we would like toknow afew thingsaboutyour sexuallife ingeneral. Inanswering thefollowing questions, Before we askyou more specificquestionsabouthow your sexualdesire andsexualresponse are affected whenyou are ina but are stillmenstruatingtosomeextent. are getting*Perimenopausal meansthatyourperiods more irregular, insomeway, orchanging and youare getting hotflashesornightsweats; i.e., youare approaching themenopause 6a. 5. 4a. 3a. 44

Feel like having sexwithsomebody (notnecessarily withyour partner)? Feel like initiatingsexwithyour sexualpartner? Think aboutsex?     What isyour menopausalstatus?    Typically, whenyou experiencedepression, doyou feel anxiousoragitatedatthesametime?     How oftendoyou feel happy orcheerful?     How oftendoyou orfrustrated? feel angry  

No s Ye Often Occasionally Never Often Occasionally Never Sexual ActivityQuestions other,describe . please I ampost-menopausal I amperi-menopausal* I ampre-menopausal, andhave I don’t know Very often Very often Very often Often  

irregular menstrualcycles regular menstrualcycles ...... Handbook ofSexuality-RelatedMeasures 6b. 4b. 3b.

Do you experiencenegative moodaround thetimeofyour period? How happy orcheerful orfrustrated How angry               es Ye No Very strongly, much more thanmostpeopleIknow Strongly, more thanmostpeopleIknow Somewhat, similartomostpeopleIknow I never feel happy orcheerful Very strongly, much more thanmostpeopleIknow Strongly, more thanmostpeopleIknow Somewhat, similartomostpeopleIknow I never orfrustrated feel angry Very strongly, much more thanmostpeopleIknow Strongly, more thanmostpeopleIknow I nolongerhave menstrualcycles I don’t know can can you feel? you feel?                 

A few timesaweek Once aweek One ortwo times Not once Several timesaday Once aday A few timesaweek Once aweek One ortwo times Not once Several timesaday Once aday A few timesaweek Once aweek One ortwo times Not once Not applicable(nopartner) Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 10. source ofstress oranxiety. In answering thequestions, pleaseignore possible situationsinwhich(theprospect of)sexual activityitselfwas a and notbesure whatitis. Try andthinkofwhathappens whenyou are insituations like this, whenyou feel anxiousorstressed. to meetyour financialresponsibilities (e.g., paying bills). Oryou may feel anxiousorstressed becauseyou feel uneasyaboutsomething when you are underpressure tasksdone. toperform ortogetcertain Oryou may beanxiousorstressed whenyou’re underpressure think oftimesduringthepastyear thatyou actually felt anxiousorstressed ortense. For example, you may feel anxiousorstressed The nextquestionsare abouttheeffect ofbeing anxious/stressed/tense onyour sexuality. When answering thequestions, to pleasetry 6. 5. 4. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1.

Experience difficultyinobtainingormaintainingsexualarousal duringsexualactivity? Masturbate onyour own? Feel like doingsomethingsexualthatyou would regret later? makes mefeel more anxious/stressed When Ifeel anxiousorstressed, sexualactivity makes mefeel betteraboutmyself When Ifeel anxiousorstressed, sexualactivity inthepastyear)a sexualpartner makes mefeel closertomy (Ihave partner nothad When Ifeel anxiousorstressed, sexualactivity makes mefeel lessanxiousorstressed When Ifeel anxiousorstressed, sexualactivity own When Ifeel anxiousorstressed, Imasturbateonmy something sexualthatIregret later When Ifeel anxiousorstressed, Iamlikely todo stay sexually aroused is When Ifeel anxiousorstressed, my abilitytogetor with somebody(notnecessarily withmy partner) When Ifeel anxious orstressed, Ifeel like having sex in thepastyear) sex withmy (Ihave partner nothadasexualpartner When Ifeel anxious orstressed, Ifeel like initiating When Ifeel anxious orstressed, Ithinkaboutsex When Ifeelanxiousorstressed . . . Affect andEmotions than usual Much less Never 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Less than Rarely usual 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Sometimes Same as usual                   3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Never Occasionally Less thanhalfthetime Most ofthetime Several timesaday Once aday A few timesaweek Once aweek One ortwo times Not once Several timesaday Once aday A few timesaweek Once aweek One ortwo times Not once Several timesaday Once aday than usual Usually More 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Much more than usual Always 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 45 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 23. 22. 21. With theexception ofquestion23, thequestionsare expected, orwhenpeopleseemedtobeworking againstyou. things didnothappen orturnouttheway you wantedthem to, taskstooklongerorwere whencertain more difficultthanyou questions, tothinkoftimesduringthepastyear thatyou pleasetry indeedfelt angry. For example, you may have when felt angry The nextquestionsare abouttheeffect offeeling angry/irritated/annoyed/frustrated onyour sexuality. When answering the 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. knowing exactly why. But you canalsofeel sadwhenyou read orwatchupsettingthings(e.g., movies). Oryou may have justfelt sadordepressed, not in your relationships withothers(e.g., abreak-up, adisagreement), orwhensomeoneyou cared aboutmoved orpassedaway. events thatcanmake orhave madeyou feel sad. For example, you may have felt sadordepressed whenunpleasantthingshappened questions, tothinkoftimesduringthepastyear thatyou pleasetry actually felt sadordepressed. You canthinkofsituationsor The nextquestionsare abouttheeffect ofsadness/depression/feeling low ordown onyour sexuality. When answering the 46

had a sexual partner inthepastyear)had asexualpartner feel like initiatingsexwithherorhim ( orfrustrated When Ifeel angry inthepastyear)partner sex withmy ( partner orfrustrated,When Ifeel angry Ifeel like initiating orfrustrated,When Ifeel angry Ithinkaboutsex feel more sad/depressed When Ifeel sad ordepressed, sexualactivitymakes me feel betterabout myself When Ifeel sad ordepressed, sexualactivitymakes me inthepastyear)partner feel closertomy ( partner When Ifeel sad ordepressed, sexualactivitymakes me feel lesssador depressed When Ifeel sad ordepressed, sexualactivitymakes me own When Ifeel sad ordepressed, Imasturbateonmy that Iregret later When Ifeel sad ordepressed, Idosomethingsexual sexually aroused is When Ifeel sadordepressed, my abilitytogetorstay with somebody(notnecessarily withmy partner) When Ifeel sadordepressed, Ifeel like having sex the pastyear) with my ( partner When Ifeel sadordepressed, Ifeel like initiatingsex When Ifeel sadordepressed, Ithinkaboutsex When Ifeelangryorfrustrated When Ifeelsadordepressed  Ihave in nothadasexualpartner  Ihave nothadasexual  Ihave nothadasexual with my partner  . Handbook ofSexuality-RelatedMeasures Ihave not . . . . . , I , I

not than usual Much less than usual Much less

about being angry atyour partner.about beingangry Never 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Less than Less than usual Rarely usual 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Sometimes Same as Same as usual usual 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 than usual than usual Usually More More 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Much more Much more than usual than usual Always 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 27. 26. 25. 24. 41. 40. 39. 38. 37. 36. 35. 34. 33. 32. apparent reason. Try andthinkofwhathappens whenyou are inoneofthosesituations, whenyou feel happy orcheerful. something nicetoorfor you, orwhensomethinghappened you hadhopedfor. Oryou may have justfelt happy orcheerful, for no have felt happy orcheerfulwhenyou didsomethingyou felt proud about, whenyou won something, whensomeonedidorsaid The nextquestionsare abouttheeffect offeeling happy orcheerfulonyour sexuality. For example, duringthepastyear you may 31. 30. 29. 28.

own orfrustrated,When Ifeel angry Imasturbateonmy sexual thatIregret later orfrustrated,When Ifeel angry Idosomething stay sexually aroused is orfrustrated,When Ifeel angry my abilitytogetor with somebody(notnecessarily withmy partner) orfrustrated,When Ifeel angry Ifeel like having sex feel more happy or cheerful When Ifeel happy orcheerful, sexualactivitymakes me feel betteraboutmyself When Ifeel happy orcheerful, sexualactivitymakes me inthepastyear)partner feel closertomy ( partner When Ifeel happy orcheerful, sexualactivitymakes me feel lesshappy orcheerful When Ifeel happy orcheerful, sexualactivitymakes me When Ifeel happy orcheerful, Imasturbateonmy own that Iregret later When Ifeel happy orcheerful, Idosomethingsexual sexually aroused is When Ifeel happy orcheerful, my abilityto getorstay with somebody(notnecessarily withmy partner) When Ifeel happy orcheerful, Ifeel like having sex the pastyear) with my ( partner When Ifeel happy orcheerful, Ifeel like initiatingsex When Ifeel happy orcheerful, Ithinkaboutsex makes mefeel more angry/frustrated orfrustrated,When Ifeel angry sexualactivity makes mefeel betteraboutmyself orfrustrated,When Ifeel angry sexualactivity inthepastyear)had asexualpartner makes mefeel closertomy ( partner orfrustrated,When Ifeel angry sexualactivity makes orfrustrated mefeel lessangry orfrustrated,When Ifeel angry sexualactivity When Ifeelhappyorcheerful  Ihave in nothadasexualpartner  Ihave nothadasexual  Ihave not . . . Affect andEmotions Never than usual Much less 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Never 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Rarely Less than Rarely 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 usual 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Sometimes Sometimes Same as usual 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 than usual Usually Usually More 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Much more than usual Always Always 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 47 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 3 they haveexperiencedaparticular outcomewithinthe The behavioralitemsaskparticipants toindicatewhether outcome. specified a in resulted have year past the in ually which they have worried that the thingstheyhavedonesex The cognitiveitemsaskparticipantstoratetheextent Response ModeandTiming tive outcomesresultingfromtheirsexualbehaviors. to whichthoseinthesamplereportedexperiencingnega the psychometricproperties of theCBOSBS and the extent & Sanders,2007,2008).Analyseswereconductedtoassess clinical sampleofyoungadults( 2009a, 2009b).Scalevalidationwasperformedinanon young adults(Perera,Reece,Monahan,Billingham,&Finn, the extenttowhichsuchoutcomesareactuallyexperienced. negative outcomesresultingfromtheirsexualbehaviors,and measure boththeextenttowhichapersonisconcernedabout comes componentandabehavioraloutcomesto suggested bySASH.Thescaleincludesacognitiveout retical understandingsofSCandguidedbytheoutcomes one ormoreofthesixdomainsidentifiedbySASH. which anindividualhasexperiencednegativeoutcomesin Scale (CBOSBS) was developed to measure the extent to The Cognitive andBehavioralOutcomesofSexualBehavior 2006). McBride, & Dodge, (Reece, life of areas itual spir and financial/occupational, legal, physical, emotional, negative consequences in various domains, including social, with otherpeople,suchashavingintercourse)couldleadto do alone,suchasmasturbation,wellthosethatthey individuals andtheirbehaviors(includingthatthey understanding ofsexualcompulsivitywouldsuggestthat behaviors aresexuallycompulsive.Thisoutcomes-based has offeredalistofoutcomesthatmayoccurifpersonor The SocietyfortheAdvancementofSexualHealth(SASH) Development tioning aswellarangeofnegativeoutcomes. and that subsequently could lead to impairment in func ual behaviorsthat may bebeyondanindividual’s control The term Stephanie A.Sanders, Michael Reece, Kimberly R.McBride, Behavior Scale Cognitive andBehavioralOutcomesofSexual 48 Address correspondence to:[email protected] Pilot testing was conducted in a nonclinical sample of Pilot testingwasconductedinanonclinicalsampleof Items weregeneratedbytheresearchersbasedontheo sexual compulsivity IndianaUniversity (SC) is used to describe sex IndianaUniversity 3 TheUniversityofToledo N

= 390; McBride, Reece, Reece, McBride, 390; Handbook ofSexuality-RelatedMeasures ------o te ontv otoe tm i 0 o 0 Te dichoto The 60. to 0 mous is items outcome cognitive the for Likert-type scaleof0( physical, psychological,spiritual,social). legal, (financial/occupational, outcomes of types potential For eachscale( Scoring takes 10minutestocomplete. previous year. The scale is self-administered and typically tested using a principal component analysis with varimax tested usingaprincipalcomponent analysiswithvarimax Construct validityforthe20cognitive outcomesitemswas Validity scores forremaininganalyses. nonclinical sample,thedecisionwasmadetousetotalscale tive outcomesassociatedwithsexualbehaviorsinthisyoung the decisiontodropitems.Givenlowoccurrenceofnega numbers ofnegativeoutcomesiswarrantedbeforemaking diverse demographiccharacteristicsandperhapsgreater gest aunidimensional scale. Testing in large samples with the overallinter-itemcorrelationmatrix,again,doesnotsug alpha levelsandelevatedcorrelationsmaybeworthrevising, sample. AlthoughsomeofthesubscaleswithhighCronbach’s of thefactors,orsubscales,indicatingscalereliabilityinthis alpha forinternalconsistencywasfoundtobehighall lated foreachofthesixfactors(orsubscales).Cronbach’s quite acceptable.Separatereliabilityestimateswerecalcu scale for the behavioral items was dichotomous, this level is 16-item (α reliability of level lower slightly a with .89), consistency forthe20-item the cognitiveandbehavioralitemswereconducted.Internal alpha forinternalconsistencyreliability;separateanalysesof Reliability oftheCBOSBSwasassessedusingCronbach’s Reliability SC isreachedwhenscoresmeetorexceedthe80thpercentile. by addingcognitiveandbehavioralscores.Thethresholdfor calculated are and 76 to 0 from range scores CBOSBS Total responses. Total score range for the behavioral items is 0 to 16. assigning a0scoretoitemsanswered“No”and1“Yes” Cognitive Behavioral Behavioral items (items 1 through 20) are scored on a 4-point items(items1through20)arescoredona4-point Cognitive items (items 21 through 36) are scored by by scored are 36) through 21 (items items scale. However, given that the response scale.However,giventhattheresponse Never and ) to 3 ( Cognitive Behavioral Always

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Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 sexual activities. Inthepastyear, asaresult ofthethings you have donesexually, didthefollowing happen toyou: those they dowithothers). Please indicatewhetherthesethings have happened toyou duringthe lastyear asaresult ofyour Below isalistofthingsthatsometimeshappen topeopleasaresult oftheirsexualactivities(including thosethey do aloneand 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. I amworried thatthethingsIhave donesexually: those they dowithothers). Pleaseindicatetheextenttowhichfollowing apply toyou. Below isalistof thingsthatsomepeopleworry aboutasaresult of theirsexualactivities(includingthingspeopledoaloneand Exhibit McBride, K.R.,Reece,M.,&Sanders,S.A.(2007).Predictingnega References in thissample. suggesting they were essentially measuring thesamething and worryaboutwastingmoneywerehighlycorrelated, problems financial about worry assessing items example, appropriate toeliminateoneormoreoftheitems.For inter-item correlationswerehighenoughthatitmaybe specific few a However, unidimensional. is scale the that matrix didnotyieldcorrelationshighenoughtosuggest percent ofthetotalvariance.Theinter-itemcorrelation by SASH.Overall,thesix-factorsolutionexplained74.8 structed tofocusonthesixoutcomecategoriesarticulated rotation, specifyingsixfactorsbecauseitemswerecon 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1.

tive outcomesofsexualityusingtheCompulsiveSexualBehavior Were making meashamedofmyself. Were making mefeel guilty. Were inconsistent withmy religious values. Were inconsistentwithmy spiritualbeliefs. or othersanctions. Could leadtoschool-related problems, suchasprobation, expulsion, Might have presented thepotentialfor metolosemy job. Were interfering withmy abilitytocompletetasksfor work orschool. Might have causedmetowastemy money. Might have ledtofinancialproblems. Might have beenagainstthelaw. Might have placedmeatriskofbeingarrested. Might beleadingtoproblems withmy boyfriend/girlfriend/spouse. Might beleadingtoproblems withmy family members. Might beleadingtoproblems withmy friends. Might have presented thepotentialfor seriousphysical ordeath. injury Might have resulted inpain, injury, orotherproblems for myself. sex partners. Might have resulted inpain, injury, orotherproblems for oneofmy Might have placedmeoroneofmy atriskfor HIV. sexpartners transmitted infection (like herpes, gonorrhea, orcrabs). Might have placedmeoroneofmy atriskfor asexually sexpartners Might have placedmeoroneofmy atriskfor pregnancy. sexpartners Cognitive andBehavioralOutcomesofSexualBehaviorScale Affect andEmotions - - ec, . Dde B, MBie K (06. eul compulsivity: Sexual (2006). K. McBride, & B., Dodge, M., Reece, Perera, B., Reece, M., Monahan, P., Billingham, R. & Finn, P. Perera, B., Reece, M., Monahan, P., Billingham, R., & Finn, P. the Sexual (2008). Using R., Reece,M.,&Sanders,S.A. McBride, K. and sexuality Issues andchallenges.InR.McAnulty&M.Burnette(Eds.), org/10.1080/19317610902908577 International Journal ofSexual Health tions towardsout-of-control sexual behaviorsamongyoungadults. (2009b). Relations between substance use and personal disposi 160902905421 and Compulsivity sexually compulsivebehavioramongyoungadults. (2009a). Childhoodcharacteristics and personaldispositionsto https://doi.org/10.1080/10720160802035816 adults. Compulsivity Scale to predict outcomes of sexualbehavior in young https://doi.org/10.1300/J514v19n04_06 Inventory. Journal ofSexual Addiction and Compulsivity International JournalofSexualHealth Never (pp.213–231).London:PraegerPress.                     , 16 2, 3–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/10720 131–145. (2), Sometimes                     , 21 (2), 87–95.https://doi. Often                     Sexual Addiction Sexual Addiction , 19 , 15 4, 51–62. (4), , 97–115. Always                     Sex 49 -

Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 of evidencesupportingtheirconstruct validity. as Guilt Inventories, measures oftheseguilty scripts, haveaconsiderable body The Mosher affect. by amplified ation of aco-assembled set of scenes that has been further forthe rules set of a as interpretation, prediction, production,control,and evalu (1979) Tomkins by defined is uring threeaspectsofguiltconceived as a and/or guilty affect about theself.Theinventory is meas logically magnified in scenes involving moral temptations aggressive behavior or cognitions. Conscience is psycho and guiltyaffectcognitionabouttheimmorality of anger-rage of affects discrete the involving scenes in fied sexual conduct.Hostilityguiltispsychologically magni as guiltduetoitsassociationswithmoralcognitionsabout discrete affect of shame,whichappears inconsciousness affects ofinterest-excitement and enjoyment-joy, and the scenes involving awareness of sexual arousal, the discrete Sex guilt is psychologically magnified (Tomkins, 1979) in validity of the three guilt subscales (Mosher, 1966, 1968). matrices have providedevidence for thediscriminant Guilt, andMorality-Conscience. Multitrait–multimethod the personality disposition of guilt: Sex-Guilt, Hostility- The MosherGuiltInventoriesmeasurethreeaspectsof Donald L.Mosher Revised MosherGuiltInventory 36. 35. 34. 33. 32. 31. 30. 29. 28. 27. 26. 25. 24. 23. 22. 21. 50

I felt guilty. I wasembarrassed orashamedofmyself. I experiencedspiritualdistress. I experiencedproblems atwork. I experiencedproblems atschool. I experiencedfinancialproblems. I wasarrested. damaged. My relationships withaspouse orotherrelationship were partner My relationships withfriendsand/or family memberswere damaged. I causedpain, injury, orotherphysical problems for asexpartner. I causedpain, injury, orotherphysical problems for myself. I gave someoneelseHIV. I gave someoneelseasexually transmittedinfection. I contractedHIV. I contractedasexually transmittedinfection. I ormy becamepregnant. sexualpartner(s) Handbook ofSexuality-RelatedMeasures script , which - - - - ing itemsdrawing100percent nonguiltychoices. related behavior,cognitions,and affectsinspiteofcontain to bea successful predictor of a broad range of sexually inventory, incomparisonto 28 for men, havecontinued guilt sex forced-choice the of form female the in items 39 particularly forsexguilt(Mosher&O’Grady,1979).The guilt scoreshasbeentruncatedasthemeanshavedropped, create no problems. During the past 30 give thesameinventorytobothsexes,whichseemed either totransformtherawscoresstandardscores,or weighted system.Tocomparethesexes,itwasnecessary guilty and nonguilty responses was correlated .99 with the need touseweightsbecausea1or0scoringprocedurefor O’Grady andJanda(1979)demonstratedtherewasno manual hadbeendevelopedtoscoreeachsexseparately. inventories formenandwomen,becausethescoring scoring manualtoconstructtrue-falseandforced-choice scoring the sentencecompletionwereassignedtoitemsfrom in used weights The 1960. in stems 1966, completion sentence 1961, to given responses (Mosher, from developed were Inventories 1968) Guilt Mosher The Development

es Ye                 + years, the range of years,therangeof No                 - Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 scripted guilt. non-guilty alternatives.Higherscoresindicatemore Scores aresummedforeachsubscalebyreversingthe Scoring Subscales canbeomittedorgivenseparately. orless inventory canbecompletedinapproximately20minutes. ismore alternative one find intensity of comparison format—to permitsubjects to compare the two differentcompletionstoasinglestem—thelimited- ( 7-point subscale from 0 ( Subjects respondtoitemsbyratingtheirresponseona Response ModeandTiming retained items.Theinventoryissuitedforadultpopulations. renamed Guilty-Consciencetoreflectmoreadequatelythe with Sex-Guilt, and thus were eliminated.This subscale was Several Morality-Conscienceitemsweretoohighlycorrelated from thecorrelationofitemwithothersubscaletotals. lation withitsownsubscalethatwassignificantlydifferent validity discriminant between thesubscales,90percentofitemshadacorre ensure to addition, In .46. of median a with .62 to .32 from ranged totals subscale the with items nal inventories. For the selected items,thecorrelations of the an itemanalysisofthe151forced-choiceitemsinorigi (c) (a) completion stem, in7-point Likert-type formattomeasure items, arrangedinpairsofresponsestothesamesentence and toeliminatecomplaintsabouttheforced-choiceformat. format thatwasselectedtoincreasetherangeofresponse and Morality-Conscience,butitisnowinalimited-comparison Inventory continues to measure Sex-Guilt, Hostility-Guilt, rejected inthatsample.TheresultingRevisedMosherGuilt items andguilty-forced-choicealternativeswereuniformly an updateditemanalysis.Assuspected,manyguilty-true 221 femaleUniversityofConnecticutundergraduatesfor choice (151items)inventorytoasampleof187maleand female versions of the true-false (233 items) and the forced- ted thenonoverlappingitemscontainedinbothmaleand limit generalizationfrompastresearch.Instead,Isubmit set of items that mightbe conceptually better but would ity fortheinventories,Iwasreluctanttogenerateanew extremely trueof[for]me The Revised Mosher Guilt Inventory consists of 114 The Revised MosherGuiltInventory consists of 114 Given theunusuallystrongevidenceofconstructvalid 53, 62, 63, 72, 76, 78, 82, 84, 87, 94, 101, 104, 107, 111 52, 41, 35, 32, 26, 17, 15, 14, 11, 8, 5, score: Reverse 103, 108,112 102, 93, 88, 83, 81, 75, 71, 67, 64, 61, 54, 51, 42, 36, The itemsfor Guilty-Conscience Sex-Guilt —50 items,(b) trueness Sex-Guilt for them because people generally forthembecausepeoplegenerally —22 items. Items were selected from —22 items.Itemswereselectedfrom not at all true of [for] me are 6, 7, 12, 13, 16, 18, 25, 31, 31, 25, 18, 16, 13, 12, 7, 6, are ). Items are arranged in sets of ). Itemsarearrangedinsetsof Hostility-Guilt true —42 items, and —42 items,and for them. The forthem.The Affect andEmotions ) to 6 6 to ) - - - - and Bazemore also propose a 10-item brief version of this and Bazemorealsoproposea10-itembriefversionofthis and foundtobe.95(Janda&Bazemore,2011).Janda 23.38, age (mean students university 272 of for theSex-Guiltscalehasbeenevaluatedwithasample 1985). Since the publication of the last edition, reliability Vonderheide, & Mosher 1968; 1966, (Mosher, .90 around past research, split-half or alpha coefficients have averaged reliabilities inthenewformathadnotyetbeenassessed.In structed forinclusioninanearliervolumeoftheHandbook Because the Revised Mosher Guilt Inventory was con Reliability Janda, L.H.,&Bazemore, S. D.(2011).The Revised Mosher Sex-Guilt B. K.,&Rife,S.(2017).From Hackathorn, J.,Daniels,Ashdown, sacred The (2016). C. S. Rife, & K., B. Ashdown, M., J. Hackathorn, causal modelofsexualarousal L. (1985).A E., &Mosher,D. Green, S. References and havingfewersexualpartners. sex, have first to decision the with satisfied less being age, later a at sex in engaging first sex, had having never with on theRevisedMosherSex-GuiltScalewerecorrelated Vonderheide, 1985).InJandaandBasemore(2011),scores position (Green&Mosher,1985;Kelley,Mosher inventory asavalidmeasureofguiltpersonalitydis research continuedtoaddtheconstructvalidityof struct validityoftheMosherGuiltInventories.Subsequent appearing by1977thatconsistentlysupportedthecon Mosher (1979)reviewedapproximately100studies Validity Rife, & 2017). Ashdown, Daniels, Hackathorn, 2016; Rife, & used insubsequentresearch(e.g.,Hackathorn,Ashdown, 50-item scaleintheir2011publicationwhichhasbeen Reverse score:1,9,27,47,50,58,60,66,74,90,106 57, 59,65,73,89,105 The items for 78, 80,86,92,96,97,99,110,114 69, 56, 46, 40, 37, 34, 29, 24, 22, 21, 3, score: Reverse 109, 113 100, 98, 95, 91, 85, 79, 77, 70, 55, 45, 44, 43, 39, 38, The items for 4499.2010.482216 Journal of Sex Research Scale: Itspsychometric properties andaproposedten-item version. 9.2017.1316767 Psychology & Sexuality fear andguilt: Negative perceptions of AshleyMadisonusers. s12119-015-9315-0 people. bed: Sex guilt mediates religiosity and satisfaction for unmarried org/10.1080/00224498509551241 to erotic fantasies. Sexuality & Culture Guilty-Conscience Hostility-Guilt Journal ofSexResearch , , 8 48 , 41–54.https://doi.org/10.1080/1941989 , 392–396. https://doi.org/10.1080/0022 392–396. , , 20 , 153–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/ 153–172. , are 4, 19, 20, 23, 30, 33, 30, 23, 20, 19, 4, are are2,10,28,48,49, , 21 12. https://doi. 1–23. , SD

= 4.24) 4.24) 51 - - - Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 marriage . before relations Sex for . myself detest I Masturbation . jokes“Dirty” inmixed company When angerbuildsinsideme myself . punish I any items; 0smust befilledintoread by thecomputer. machine scoreable answer sheetby fillingintheblankoppositeitemnumber withyour ratingfrom 0to6. Pleasedonotomit Rate eachofthe114itemsfrom 0to6asyou keep inmindthevalueofcomparingitemswithinpairs. Record your answer onthe ratings from the7-pointrangefor eachitem. that bothitemsorneitheritemistruefor you, butyou willusually beabletodistinguishbetween itemsinapairby usingdifferent limited comparisonisoftenusefulsincepeoplefrequently agree withonly oneiteminapair. Insomeinstances, itmay bethecase extremely true 1 to5represent ratingsofagreement-disagreement thatare intermediatebetween theextreme anchorsof response ona7-pointscalefrom 0, whichmeans completion stemssuchas “When Ihave sexualdreams Instructions Exhibit Mosher, D.L.(1979).Themeaning and measurement of guilt. In self-report by females in guilt of Measurement (1968). L. D. Mosher, Mosher, D. L. (1966). The development and multitrait–multimethod matrix sentence a of validation and development The (1961). L. D. Mosher, Kelley, K. (1985). Sex,sex guilt, and authoritarianism: Differences in 52 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. (pp. 103–129).NewYork:Plenum. C. E.Izard(Ed.), 690–695. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0026589 inventories. Psychology analysis ofthreemeasuresaspectsguilt. Ohio StateUniversity,Columbus,OH. completion measure of guilt. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Sex Research responses to explicit heterosexual and masturbatory slides.

are wrong andimmoral. should bepermitted. for my sinsandfailures. nothing, Ilove life. helps onefeel easedandrelaxed. is wrong andwillruinyou. are somethingthatmake uncomfortable. mevery do notbotherme. myself.I’m angry I letpeopleknow how Ifeel. when Idowrong anddon’t getcaught. infrequently.very Revised MosherGuiltInventory : This inventory consistsof114itemsarranged inpairsofresponses writtenby collegestudentsinresponse tosentence , for you. The itemsare arranged inpairsoftwo topermityou tocompare theintensityofa . 30 , Journal ofConsultingandClinical Psychology . . 21 (1), 35–39.https://doi.org/10.1037/h0022905 . , 68–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224498509551245 . . Emotions inpersonality and psychopathology .

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Tomkins, S. S. (1979). Script theory: Differential magnification of magnification Differential theory: Script (1979). S. S. Tomkins, O’Grady, K.E.,&Janda,L.H.(1979).FactoranalysisoftheMosher Mosher, D.L.,&Vonderheide,S.G.(1985).Contributionsofsex D. L.,&O’Grady,K.E.(1979).Sexguilt,trait anxiety,and Mosher, University ofNebraskaPress. Symposium onMotivation & R.A.Dienstbier(Eds.), Jr., E. Howe, affects. InH. 006X.47. Clinical Psychology Forced-Choice Guilt Inventory. org/10.1080/00224498509551242 tudes anduse. guilt andmasturbationtowomen’scontraceptiveatti Emotion females’ subjective sexual arousal to erotica. to6, whichmeans , 6 3 .1131 , 235–249.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01904228 Journal ofSexResearch , 47 extremely trueof(for) me , 1131–1133. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022- 1131–1133. , (Vol. 26 Journal ofConsultingand p. 0–3) Lnon NB: Lincoln, 201–236). pp. , trueness not atalltrue , 21 for you. This 2–9 https://doi. 24–39. , . Ratingsof Motivation and and Nebraska - Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 argument . an After After achildhoodfight, Ifelt practices . sex Unusual When Iwasyounger, fighting Petting . When someoneswears atme for . myself detest I jokes“Dirty” inmixed company feeling . me leave Arguments When Iwasyounger, fighting After anoutburstofanger When Ihave sexualdreams practices . sexual Unusual marriage . before relations Sex 40. 39. 38. 37. 36. 35. 34. 33. 32. 31. 30. 29. 28. 27. 26. 25. 24. 23. 22. 21. 20. 19. 18. 17. 16. 15. 14. 13.

I feel mean. for myI amsorry actions. andalarmed. hurt good ifIwon, badotherwise. don’t interest me. are notsounusual. was always athrill. disgusted me. is anexpression ofaffection whichissatisfying. tosayI amsorry isbecominganacceptedpractice. it usually bothers meeven ifIdon’t show it. I swear back. being soself-centered. nothing atpresent. can befunny dependingonthecompany. are inbadtaste. elated atwinning. depressed anddisgusted. never appealed tome. didn’t botherme. I usually feel quiteabitbetter. andsayI amsorry so. toforget them. I try I sometimeswake upfeeling excited. don’t interest me. might beinteresting. are good inmy opinion. ruin many ahappy couple......

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. . are practicedtoomuch tobewrong. in my opinion, shouldnotbepracticed. getting caught, butnothingelse. all ofmy sins. Usually aren’t pleasurablebecauseyou have preconceived feelings abouttheirbeingwrong. are OKaslongthey’re heterosexual. are allinhow you look atit. are unwiseandleadtotrouble. say “one shouldnot.” lose histemper. should befreely published. helps peoplebecomesexualpartners. I usually feel better. I amdisgustedthatallowed myself tobecomeinvolved. I fightthemfor I must have completecontrol ofmy body. I enjoy itlike allhealthy humanbeings. are lotsoffun. are coarsetosay theleast. does notbothermetoomuch. is worse thanasicknesstome. not beingmore nearly perfect. nothing, Ilove life. I feel proud invictory, understandingindefeat. I wishthathadn’t argued. thatIshowedI feel ridiculousandsorry my emotions. I usually feel quiteabitbetter. should besaved for wedlock andchildbearing. is good andenjoyable......

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if Ihave won, Ifeel great. for myI amsorry actions. is anormaloutletfor sexualdesire. is wrong andasin. I feel andunder-standing proud invictory indefeat. andseenoreasonI amsorry tostay mad. I would live like aking. I shouldgetcaught. should notberecommended. help peopleadjust. like Iwasahero. as ifIhaddonewrong. is justifiedwithlove. is notagood practice until aftermarriage. they are quitestrong. I attempttorepress them. I feel happy ifIwon andstillsticktomy own views ifIlose. I amdisgustedthatletmyself becomeinvolved. proud, they are certainly worthwhile. depressed anddisgusted. are themoutandnooneelse’s. thebusinessofthosewho carry are dangerous toone’s healthandmentalcondition. for few very things. by denying myself aprivilege. was indulgedin. is immature andridiculous. andallkeyedI amjittery up. my tensionsare relieved......

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. . . . Affect andEmotions 55 Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 4 social consequences associatedwithhooking up. assesses negativehealthoutcomes, emotionalresponses,and a casualconsensualsexualencounter). Thequestionnaire measures negativeoutcomesassociated withhookingup(i.e., The 14-itemNegativeImpact of HookupsInventory(NIHI) Joseph W.Labrie, Shannon R.Kenney, Kevin Montes, Lucy E.Napper, Negative ImpactofHookups Inventory 114. 113. argument . an After 112. 111. Masturbation . 110. 109. feeling . me leave Arguments 108. 107. If Ihadsexualrelations, Iwould feel 106. 105. for . myself detest I 104. 103. practices . sex Unusual 102. 101. Masturbation . 100. 99. After afight, Ifelt When angerbuildsinsideme 56 Address correspondence to:[email protected] 98. 97. exhausted.

I usually feel good ifIwon. it isbesttoapologize to cleartheair. should notbepracticed. is allright. satisfied usually. I wasbeingusednotloved. all right, Ithink. nothing, andonly rarely dislike myself. thoughts Isometimeshave. are agree. allrightifbothpartners are awful andunthinkable. is aform ofselfdestruction. is allright. it shouldhave beenavoided for nothingwasaccomplished. relieved. I usually take itoutonmyself. I always express it......

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. Handbook ofSexuality-RelatedMeasures al., 2014; (Campbell, 2008; Fisheret al.,2012;Owen et al.,2014; emotional, social,andhealth impactsofhookingup tative andquantitativeresearch examiningthenegative The initialpoolof17itemswas developedbasedonquali Development -

Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 orafterahookup during please selecteither how farthey go. Below isalistofthingsthatsometimeshappen topeopleeitherduringorafterhookingup. Nexttoeach item, whom you donothave acommittedrelationship. ‘Hooking up’isdefinedassomethingbothpeopleagree to(consensual), including ‘Hooking up’isdefinedasengaginginphysically intimatebehaviors rangingfrom kissingtosexualintercourse withsomeone Exhibit (α The 14-itemmeasurehasexcellentinternalconsistency Reliability (scores rangefrom0to14). rienced. The14itemsaresummedtocreateatotalscore experiencing anoutcomeand1ifwasexpe Item responsesarescoredas0ifparticipantsindicatenot Scoring ( have experiencedeachoutcomeduringthepastthreemonths 14 negativeoutcomesandaskedtoindicatewhetherthey how fartheygo.”Participantsarepresentedwiththelistof as somethingbothpeopleagreeto(consensual),including defined is up’ ‘Hooking relationship. committed a have not ing tosexualintercoursewithsomeonewhomyoudo engaging inphysicallyintimatebehaviorsrangingfromkiss lowing definition of hooking up: “‘Hooking up’ is definedas completing theNIHI,participantsareprovidedwithfol or onacomputerinapproximately2–4minutes.Priorto The NIHIcanbecompletedeitherusingpaper-and-pencil Response ModeandTiming the measure. items withlowdiscriminationwerealsoeliminatedfrom χ adjusted and plots fit on (based fit poor with item single a A two-parameterIRTmodelwasappliedtothedataand CFI analysis (RMSEA meet theassumptionsofItemResponseTheory(IRT) to unidimensional sufficiently were data the that indicated framework analysis factor confirmatory a in analysis tor the threemonthspriortodatacollection.Exploratoryfac college campuses.Allparticipantsreportedhookingupin sample ofcollegestudents( Paul &Hayes,2002).Theitemswereadministeredtoa Yes 2 3. 2. 1. /df ratios) was removed from the measure. Two further /df ratios)wasremovedfromthemeasure.Twofurther

= or I have felt ashamed after hookingup. I have wishedthatIhadnotgone asfarsexually during ahookup. I have regretted thatIhooked partner. upwith aparticular .81) in a college student sample (Napper, Montes, .81)inacollegestudentsample(Napper,Montes, = .94, ratio of the first to second eigenvalue second to first the of ratio .94, Negative ImpactofHookupsInventory No ). No = .053, RMSR .053, or . Yes toindicatewhethertheitemdescribes somethingthathashappened toyou N

= 607) recruited from three three from recruited 607) = .09, χ .09, 2 (119) = = 319.18, 319.18, 5.5:1). 5.5:1). Affect andEmotions - - - -

2016). social/academic engagementsubscales(Napperet al., but arenotassociatedwiththeSARSsexual/romanticor Reaction Scale(SARS;Owen,Quirk&Fincham,2014), Social, Academic,Romantic, and Sexual Hooking Up .59) withthenegativepersonalreactionssubscaleof 46 of sample college students, NIHI scores positively correlate ( a in validity, divergent and convergent stress (.24 partners andgreatersymptomsofdepression,anxiety, and NIHI scores positively correlate with number of hookup Validity deviation abovethemean(θ risk falls between the mean (θ assessing negative outcomes for those whose hooking up error ofmeasurement.Themeasureismostreliableat the analysis, IRT measure hasacceptablelevelsofreliabilityandstandard on Based 2016). LaBrie, & Kenney, Paul, E. L., & Hayes, K. A. (2002). The casualties of casual sex: A Paul, E.L.,&Hayes,K.A.(2002).Thecasualtiesofcasualsex:A (2014). Towardamorecomplete Quirk, K.,&Fincham,F. J., Owen, (2016). W. J. LaBrie, & R., S. Kenney, K., Montes, E., L. Napper, Fisher, M.L.,Worth,K.,Garcia,J.R.,&Meredith,T.(2012).Feelings Campbell, A. (2008).Themorningafterthenightbefore:Affectivereac References https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407502195006 hookups. qualitative explorationofthephenomenologycollegestudents’ 1080/0092623X.2012.751074 Journal ofSexandMaritalTherapy understanding ofreactions to hookingupamongcollege women. 224499.2015.1065951 Journal ofSexResearch enced bycollegestudents:Genderdifferencesandmentalhealth. Assessing thepersonalnegativeimpactsofhookingupexperi doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2011.619579 versity students. of regretfollowinguncommitted sexual encounters inCanadianuni 008-9036-2 men. tions toone-nightstandsamongmated and unmated women and Human Nature Journal ofSocialandPersonalRelationships <

r s < Culture, Health, and Sexuality .35) (Napper et (Napper .35) , 19 , 157–173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110- 157–173. , , 53 , 766–775. https://doi.org/10.1080/00 766–775. , = = No 1.5;    0; , 40 r , 396–409. https://doi.org/10. 396–409. , in thepast3months

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Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 5 & Ataca,2007). modified versiontoTurkish universitystudents(Askun has alsobeentranslatedinto Arabicandadministeredin FCARS The (1993). Schwartz in provided is procedure into Swedish. A complete description of thetranslation questionnaire, includingtheFCARS,wastranslated ern, middle, and southern regions of Sweden. The entire 186 of female undergraduates from institutions in the north sample a to administered was same scale the the of study, part As 1993). (Schwartz, States United east, southeast,mid-eastern,andwesternregionsofthe undergraduates drawn from institutions in the north FCARS wasadministeredtoasampleof217female tion andthecircumstancessurroundingevent, first coitalexperience. (male orfemale)reportedaffective reactions totheir Reaction Scale (FCARS)wasdevelopedtoassesssubjects’ Affective Coital First the such, As 1983). Weis, 1993; Schwartz, 1974; Mitchell, & Lamberth, by thefindingsofseveralresearchers(Byrne,Fisher, behaviors, attitudes,andnormshasbeenhighlighted feelings (aspredictorsorconsequences)andsexual tate abetterunderstandingoftherelationshipbetween behavior. Theimportanceofassessingaffecttofacili ables areanimportantcomponentofhumansexual aspects oftheexperience.However,affectivevari trends, withlittleattentiongiventotheaffective ally focusedonincidence,prevalence,andchanging Research onpremaritalcoitalactivityhasgener Israel M.Schwartz, First CoitalAffectiveReactionScale 14. 13. 12. 11. 10. 58 Address correspondence to:[email protected] 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. In across-culturalstudyfocusingoncoitalinitia

A hookuphasnegatively affected arelationship withahookuppartner. A hookuphascausedproblems withmy family orfriends. I felt sexually unsatisfiedorunfulfilled by ahookupexperience. I have felthasnotcontactedmeafterthehookup. disappointed thatahookuppartner I have worried aboutgettingasexually transmittedinfection afterahookup. I have felt lonely afterahookup. I have contractedasexually transmittedinfection from ahookup. I have beenjudgedorlabelednegatively by othersbecauseofahookup. I waspressured toengageinsexualbehaviors thatIdidnotwant toengagein. I felt thatIhadbeentaken advantageofduringahookup. I have felt embarrassed by thingsIhave saidordonewithahookuppartner. 5 HofstraUniversity Handbook ofSexuality-RelatedMeasures ------(or anticipate feeling). The scale takes approximately two (or anticipatefeeling).Thescale takesapproximatelytwo in eachitemthatmostclosely representsthewaytheyfelt first sexualintercourse(Question 3intheExhibit). asking abouthowtheythinkwouldfeelduringtheir never engagedinsexualintercoursecancompleteaversion versions of thescaleareprovided;respondents whohave ous gradationsbetweentheseextremes. the feeling experiencing thefeelingatall rassed, excited,andfearful.Theresponsesrangefrom1( romantic, pleasure,sorry,relieved,exploited,happy,embar guilty, anxious, satisfied, confused, occurred: it that time the at coitus first their to reaction in feelings following the asked toindicatethedegreewhichtheyhadexperienced are penetration)?” penile–vaginal as (defined intercourse answering “Yes”tothequestion“Haveyoueverhadsexual Likert formatforthemeasurementofeachitem.Respondents 7-point a using items, bipolar 13 of consists FCARS The Response ModeandTiming behavioral, andattitudinalperspective(Schwartz,1993). of AmericanandSwedishwomen from anaffective, cultural research project comparing first coital experiences the FCARS.TheFCARSwasdevelopedaspartofacross- their assessmentofaffect,stimulatedthedevelopment et Byrne by used Scales Development All respondents are asked to select the number (1 to 7) All respondentsareaskedto select thenumber(1to7) To protect anonymity and allow all to participate, two ), withthenumbersinbetweenrepresentingvari al. (1974) and Weis (1983), in in (1983), Weis and (1974) al. ) to7(            strongly experiencing strongly experiencing            not not - -

Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 What were your reactions toyour firstsexualintercourse at thetimethatitoccurred? Ifelt: 2. Question 2andcomplete 3.) (If your answer tothisquestionis “Yes” thencompleteQuestion 2. Ifyour answer tothisquestionis “No” skip 1. Exhibit consistent also were findings These assertions. theoretical (1969) Christensen’s on based group) American the among the AmericanandSwedishsamples(greaternegativeaffect between differences expected of findings (1993) Schwartz’s of thescale.TheFCARSconstructvaliditywassupportedby version final the into incorporated were Recommendations ions regardingformat,readability,clarity,andpossiblebias. pilot testwereindividuallyinterviewedtogettheiropin sexuality experts.Inaddition,10oftheparticipantsin For facevalidity,thescalewasreviewedbyapanelofthree Validity alpha coefficientof.87fortheFCARS. university intheNewYorkmetropolitanarea,yieldedan with a sample of 37 female undergraduate students from a pilot testoftheresearchinstrumentusedbySchwartz, of the scale), the alpha coefficient was .85. An unpublished under graduate studentsinSweden(usingtheSwedishversion female 186 of sample a With 1993). (Schwartz, asample of 217femaleundergraduatestudentsintheU.S.was.89 with coefficient alpha The alpha. Cronbach’s Internal consistencyofthescalewasestimatedusing Reliability enced (e.g.,guilt,exploitation,pleasure,confusion,etc.). was experi reaction affective specific a which to degree Items maybescoredandlookedatseparatelytoassessthe negative affectwouldberepresentedbyahighertotalscore. would berepresentedbyalowertotalscoreandgreater a negativeresponse.Thus,greaterpositiveFCARSaffect all items1represents a positiveresponseand7represents j (happy),andl(excited)arereversedinscoringsothaton (relieved), h (pleasure), f (romantic), e (satisfied), b Items Scoring naires inwhichtimeandlengthareimportantconsiderations. minutes tocomplete,makingiteasyincludeinquestion

Have you ever hadsexualintercourse (definedaspenile–vaginalpenetration)?   various gradationsbetween theseextremes. experiencing thefeeling atall, and “7” represents strongly experiencingthefeeling, withthenumbers in-between representing and ashonestly aspossible. Pleaseanswer Directions: The following itemsdealwithyour feelings aboutyour firstsexualintercourse. toanswer Pleasetry asaccurately No s Ye First CoitalAffectiveReactionScale all items Please select the number in each item that most closely represents itemthatmostclosely thewayPlease selectthenumberineach youfelt “a” through “m” by usinga7-pointscaleinwhich “1” represents not Affect andEmotions - - - - Byrne, D., Fisher,J.Lamberth, J., & Mitchell, H. E. (1974). Barnett, M.D.,&Moore,J.(2017).TheconstructvalidityoftheFirst Askun, D.,&Ataca, B. (2007).Sexuality related attitudes and behav References purpose ofresearch. ate citation,itmaybeusedwithoutpermissionforthe This scaleiscopyrightedbytheauthor.Withappropri Other Information support fortheconstructvalidityofFCARS. (Barnett &Moore,2017)providedfurtherandmorecurrent Christensen &Gregg,1970).Theresultsofarecentstudy American cultures (Christensen & Carpenter, 1962a, 1962b; and Danish comparing findings earlier Christensen’s with Weis, D. L. (1983). Affective reactions of women to their initial experi initial their to women of reactions Affective (1983). L. D. Weis, and American of reactions Affective (1993). M. I. Schwartz, Christensen, H. T., & Gregg, C.F.(1970).Changing sex normsin Christensen, H. T., & Carpenter, G. R. (1962b). Value-behavior discrep in patterns Timing (1962a). R. G. Carpenter, & T., H. Christensen, Christensen, H. T. (1969). Normative theory derived from cross-cultural Social Psychology Evaluations of erotica: Factsor feelings? paid.2016.12.043 and IndividualDifferences Coital AffectReactionScaleandVirginityBeliefScale. 741–752. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-007-9186-z iors ofTurkishuniversitystudents. org/10.1080/00224498309551184 ence of coitus. org/10.1080/00224499309551674 Across-cultural coitus: comparison. premarital first their to women Swedish 616–627. https://doi.org/10.2307/350255 America andScandinavia. Sociological Review ancies regarding premarital coitus in three western cultures. 30–35. https://doi.org/10.2307/348222 modern Westernsocieties. the development ofsexualintimacy: An attitudinal report onthree https://doi.org/10.2307/349935 family research. Journal ofSex Research Journal ofSexResearch Journal ofMarriageandtheFamily , 29 , 27 , 111–119.https://doi.org/10.1037/h0035731 , 66–74.https://doi.org/10.2307/2089719 , Journal ofMarriageandtheFamily Journal ofMarriageandtheFamily 109 1210 https://doi.org/10.1016/j. 102–110. , Archives ofSexualBehavior Journal ofPersonalityand , , 19 30 2927 https://doi. 209–237. , 1–6 https://doi. 18–26. , , 31 Personality Personality , 209–222. American . , , , 32 24 36 59 - - - - , , , Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 6 become self-consciousinsexual situations.Self-focused ure individualvariabilitywith regardtothepropensity The Sexual Self-Consciousness Scale (SSCS) aims to meas W. E.H.Geijen, H. Sykora, J. D.M.VanLankveld, The SexualSelf-Consciousness Scale m) l) k) j) i) h) g) f) e) d) c) b) a) What doyou thinkyour reactions willbetoyour firstsexualintercourse atthetimethatitoccurs?Ianticipatefeeling: 3. m) l) k) j) i) h) g) f) e) d) c) b) a) 60 Address correspondence to:[email protected]

Not atallFearful Not atallExcited Not atallEmbarrassed Not atallHappy Not atallExploited Not atallRelieved Not atallSorry No Pleasure atall Not atallRomantic Not atallGuilty Not atall Anxious Not atallSatisfied Not atallConfused Not atallFearful Not atallExcited Not atallEmbarrassed Not atallHappy Not alallExploited Not atallRelieved Not atallSorry No Pleasure atall Not atallRomantic Not atallGuilty Not atall Anxious Not atallSatisfied Not atallConfused Directions: The following itemsdealwithyour anticipatedreactions toyour firstsexualintercourse. Pleaseanswer number in each item that most closely represents itemthatmostclosely thewaynumber ineach youanticipatefeeling anticipating thefeeling, withthenumbers in-between representing variousgradationsbetween theseextremes. “a” through “m” by usinga7-pointscaleinwhich “1” represents notanticipatingthefeeling atall, and “7” represents strongly Agoravzw MaastrichtUniversity              1              1 6 TheOpenUniversityof The Netherlands Handbook ofSexuality-RelatedMeasures              2              2              3              3 - processing capacity (Meston, 2006). Experimentally induced sexual responsiveness,presumably becauseitalsoreduces attention hasbeenfoundtohave impedingeffectsongenital              4              4 .                           5 5                           6 6                           7 7 Very Fearful Very Excited Very Embarrassed Very Happy Very Exploited Very Relieved Very Sorry Much Pleasure Very Romantic Very Guilty Very Anxious Very Satisfied Very Confused Very Fearful Very Excited Very Embarrassed Very Happy Very Exploited Very Relieved Very Sorry Much Pleasure Very Romantic Very Guilty Very Anxious Very Satisfied Very Confused Please selectthe all items

Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 the The internal consistency of the current version is good for Reliability scores (seeTable1). Sexual Self-Focus Subscales representingthe Scoring ( a little Scale interval anchors are: 0 ( rate theirlevelofendorsementona5-pointLikert-typescale. Items are presented as brief descriptive statements. Participants Response ModeandTiming Normative scoresoftheSSCShavenotyetbeenpublished. Component 2( ( 1 Embarrassment Component variance. the of percent 53.7 ing version againrevealedtwocomponents,togetherexplain six items.Theoblimin-rotatedPCAonthefinal12-item items wereretained.Thefinalsubscalesbothconsistedof & Hayashi,1990),andsubscaleinternalconsistency,12 with eigenvalues ponents ( questionnaire, thebest-fittingsolutioncontainedtwocom percent hadasteadyfemalepartner;11weresingle. Of 82men(meanage single. were percent 20 partner; male steady a had 16–58) 171 femaleparticipants(meanage both demographicandSSCSdata.Eightypercentofthe com years provided participants 253 75 of total A and questionnaires. pleted 16 between participants 282 2008), (Fenigstein, Scheier,&Buss,1975). analogous tothesubscalesofSelf-ConsciousnessScale in sexualsituationsandofanxietydiscomfort, vate andpublicaspectsofself-consciousnessproneness 15 itemstoconstructtheSSCS.Therepresentedpri local panelofsexologicalexperts,Hendriks(1997)selected Based onthesexologicalliteratureandopinionofa Development for thedevelopmentofsexualdysfunction. self-consciousness may thus constitute a vulnerability factor sexual excitementwasnotaffectedinthesestudies.Sexual van denHout,&Schouten,2004).Subjectiveexperienceof (Meston, 2006; van Lankveld & Bergh, 2008; van Lankveld, sexual self-consciousnessintheireffectongenitalarousal self-focus wasfoundtointeractwiththepersonalitytraitof strongly agree Based on this PCA, multi-trait scaling analysis (Hays Based onthisPCA,multi-traitscalinganalysis(Hays In aprincipalcomponentsanalysisontheinitial15-item In apsychometricstudy(vanLankveld,Geijen,&Sykora, Sexual Embarrassment ), 2 ( Sexual Embarrassment neither agree or disagree ). Completionrequireslessthanfiveminutes. Sexual Self-Focus ) explained 38.1 percent of the variance, variance, the of percent 38.1 explained ) > 1. components are calculated as sum componentsarecalculated assum = 34.1, subscale (α subscale strongly disagree Sexual Embarrassment SD

) explained 15.6 percent. percent. 15.6 explained ) and = ), 3 ( = 11.8; range 16–70), 89 89 16–70), range 11.8; 25.6, Sexual Self-Focus agree a little = .84), satisfactory .84),satisfactory SD ), 1 (

= 7.7; range 7.7;range disagree disagree ), and 4 ), and 4 Affect andEmotions Sexual Sexual and and - - - ) - on ticipants, sexuallydysfunctional participantsscoredhigher tests revealedthat,compared with sexuallyfunctionalpar .001, and partner status, F .001. Independentmaineffects werefoundforsex, were significantlyrelatedto age, 6.0 year, and hadlongerrelationships( 79.7% forsexuallyfunctionalparticipants, partner (93.2% for sexually dysfunctional participants; M functional participantswereolder( were identified(42women,19men).Sexuallydys et In theoriginalpsychometric study (vanLankveld Validity (Items 8,10,and11). Focus Embarrassment better fitforathreefactor-solution,including Focus Embarrassment (α factory factor analysis(CFA),andreliabilityindicesweresatis reproduced intheTurkishstudyusingconfirmatory The originaltwofactorstructureofthescalewaswell in Ecuadorianwomen( Sexual Self-Focus isfactory forthesubscales evidence thatthesubscalesmeasuredistinctconcepts. respective reliabilitycoefficients,andisconsideredassolid sample was the full12-itemscale(α for the 12 11 10 9 4 1 Item numbers Sexual Embarrassment subscale Items IncludedonSubscalesoftheSSCS men ( Spanish havebeenvalidatedin,respectively,Turkish all TABLE 1 (2, 234) (2, func Sexual Embarrassment Test–retest reliabilityafterafour-weekintervalwassat The correlationbetweenthetwosubscalesinourfull Translated versionsoftheSSCSintoTurkishand Sexual Embarrassment, F p l, 08, 1 euly yfntoa participants dysfunctional sexually 61 2008), al., s

< = n Ies , , , n 1) and 12), and 9, 7, 6, (Items subscale).InEcuadorianwomen,CFAshowed .001;vanLankveldet al.,2008). Sexual Self-Focus 66 year, 26.6

= 105) and women( p = =

8.48, < .84 for the full scale, α scale, full the for .84 r .01).

= (Items 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5), subscale; and α .44, ( p r

p < =

.001;group, .79),andforthetotalscore( p <

.001), moreoftenhadasteady F = N < subscale (α subscale .85). (2, 234) (2, Sexual Embarrassment and .001, which is less than their .001,whichislessthantheir

= (1, 235) 288;Moyanoet al.,2017). n

M Sexual Self-Focus = = 231; Çelik, 2013) and 2013) Çelik, 231; dysf .79forthe = F Sexual Self-Focussubscale 4.11, F 2 234) (2,

= = = (2, 234) (2, = 10.98, M 10.5year; .83 for the for .83 Sexual Self-Focus .79), and good for .79),andgoodfor Item numbers dysf Sexual Partner- p

< = .05. Posthoc .05.Posthoc p Sexual Self- = 41 year; 34.1 8 7 6 5 3 2 =

9.60, = 7.02, p ( .001 and .001and

r scores scores < r M

Sexual Sexual =

.05), = .84), .84), func .79; .79; p p

61

= < = - - - -

Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 your opinionshouldbe. time toconsidereachitem. However, thatyou itisimportant give theanswer thatbestrepresents your opinion, notwhatyou think Little Instructions: questionhas5possibleanswers: Every Exhibit r ing between psychological distresssubscalesoftheSCL-90,vary found betweenSSCS of theSCL-90;however,large-sizecorrelationswere Focus r significant ormedium-sizecorrelationcoefficients(.20 Scale (Fenigsteinet al.,1975).Asexpected,non- with thesubscalesofgeneralSelf-Consciousness both foundtoshowmediumlarge-sizecorrelations Embarrassment and considered pose ofinterpretation,followingCohen(1988),we psychological distress on the other hand. For the pur the one hand, and the putative dissimilar construct of tive similarconstructofgeneralself-consciousness,on correlation matrix of the SSCS subscales and the puta investigated byinspectingthePearsonproduct-moment and sexwereretained. relationship addedasacovariate,themaineffectsofgroup participants with a partner ( Self-Focus and withoutpartnerdidnotdiffersignificantlyon F out apartnerscoredhigheron Sexual Self-Focus F to men,womenscoredhigheron on 62

6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. 1 235) (1, 235 (1, = > Convergent anddivergentconstructvaliditywere

Sexual Self-Focus,F .49(SCL-90Depression). .24, (3), and I ampreoccupied by theway Ibehave sexually. person thinksofme. I oftenwonder duringsexwhattheother I quickly feel embarrassed insexualsituations. and feelings. I pay much attentiontomy sexualthoughts I oftenimaginehow Ibehave duringsex. I feel insexualsituations. uncomfortable r

subscaleandthepsychologicaldistresssubscales > Sexual Self-ConsciousnessScale .5 a lre A epce, h SSCS the expected, As large. as |.35| p = s . In repeated MANCOVA in the subsample of . In repeated MANCOVA in the subsample of 12.07, = < r Strongly Agree 8.26,

.05)werefoundontheSSCS < r

|.15|assmall, = and .36 (SCL-90 Somatic complaints) and complaints) Somatic (SCL-90 .36 scoresdidnotdiffer.Participantswith p

p =

.001, whereas women’s and men’s .001,whereaswomen’sandmen’s Sexual Self-Focus < (1, 235) .005, whereas participants with .005,whereasparticipantswith (4). Pleaseselecttheresponse thatyou feel bestrepresents your opinion. You don’t needtotake much Sexual Embarrassment N

= = 189), with duration of the 189), with duration of the 8.97, Sexual Embarrassment, Sexual Embarrassment, Sexual Embarrassment, Sexual Embarrassment, <

r

p <

< |.35| as medium, subscaleswere Handbook ofSexuality-RelatedMeasures .005. Compared .005.Compared Sexual Self- Strongly Disagree andthe Sexual Sexual Sexual Disagree Strongly       0 > - - - -

(0), Van Lankveld,J.,&Bergh,S.(2008).Theinteraction of stateand Moyano, N.,Dib-Fayad,&Vélez-Schemankewitz, M. (2017). atten self-focused trait and state of effects The (2006). M. C. Meston, Hendriks, T. (1997). Een hypothetisch cognitief verklaringsmodel voor Hays, R., & Hayashi, T. (1990). Beyond internal consistency reliabil Fenigstein, A., Scheier,M.F.,& Buss, A. H. (1975).Publicandprivate Cohen, J.(1988). of version Turkish the of reliability and validity The (2013). E. Çelik, References Van Lankveld, J., vandenHout,M.A.,&Schouten, E. G.(2004).The Van Lankveld, J., Geijen, W. E., & Sykora, H.(2008).The Sexual Self- https://doi.org/10.1080/14681994.2017.1295137 Ecuadorian women. Adaptation and validation of theSexualSelf-ConsciousnessScale in org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.03.009 women. tion on sexual arousal in sexually functional and dysfunctional University, Maastricht,TheNetherlands. of Sexual Dysfunction]. Unpublished master’s thesis, Maastricht seksuele dysfuncties[AHypothetical Cognitive Explanatory Model Computers the microcomputer. ity: Rationale and user’sguideforMultitrait Analysis Programon Clinical Psychology self-consciousness: Assessmentandtheory. (2nd ed.).Hillsdale,NJ:LawrenceErlbaumAssociates. https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.5436 the Sexual Self-Consciousness Scale. 42 functional and dysfunctional men. sitional sexual self-consciousness on sexual arousal of sexually effects ofself-focusedattention, performance demand, anddispo Behavior Consciousness Scale: Psychometric properties. brat.2008.01.017 Research and Therapy jective, sexual arousalinsexuallyfunctional women. trait aspects ofself-focusedattention affects genital, but notsub Disagree aLittle Disagree , 915–935.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2003.07.011 a Little       1 Behaviour ResearchandTherapy , 37 , 22 , 925–933.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-007-9253-5 Statistical power analysisforthebehavioralsciences , 167–175.https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03203140 (1), Neither Agree , nor Disagree Sexual and Relationship Therapy 43 Behavior ResearchMethods,Instruments,& Neither Agree norDisagree , 522–527.https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076760 ,       2 46 5458 https://doi.org/10.1016/j. 514–528. , Behaviour ResearchandTherapy Turkish Studies , Journal of Consulting and Journal ofConsultingand a Little 44 Agree       , 515–532. https://doi. 515–532. , 3 Archives ofSexual (2), , , 8 32 , 1703–1713. Agree a , 155–172. Behaviour Strongly Agree       4 - - - - ,

Downloaded By: 10.3.98.104 At: 06:45 26 Sep 2021; For: 9781315183169, chapter3, 10.4324/9781315183169-3 12. 11. 10. 9. 8. 7.

other personduringsex. I continuously feelby beingobserved the my shyness insexualsituations. It takes quitesometimefor metoovercome aware ofmyself. When Iseemyself duringsex, Iamirritatingly front oftheotherperson. I finditdifficulttosexually letmyself go in happens insidemy body. During sex, Ipay much attentiontowhat make ontheotherperson. I amaware duringsexoftheimpression I Affect andEmotions                               63