DOCSLIB.ORG

By David Godfrey

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
By David Godfrey .. -EDITED BY DAVID GODFREY Press Porcepic Victoria/Toronto .. EMPIRE AND COMMUNICATIONS CONTENTS Copyright © 1986 by Press Porcepic Limited David Godfrey vii All rights reserved. FOREWORD No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any xv means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any PREFACE information storage, retrieval and transmission systems now known or to be invented, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review. INTRODUCTION 1 This edition is published by Press Porcepic Ltd., 235-560 Johnson Street, Victoria, B.C. V8W 3C6, with the assistance of the Canada Council. EGYPT 9 Typeset by the Typeworks in Baskerville 11113. Printed in Canada. 23 Cover design by Ken Eisner. BABYLONIA Art direction and production by Jane Hamilton. 1 2 3 4 89 88 87 86 THE ORAL TRADITION AND GREEK CIVILIZATION 53 The original version of this book was published by Oxford University Press in 1950. THE WRITTEN TRADITION AND THE ROMAN EMPIRE 83 --j Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data 113 \ Unlv. PARCHMENT AND PAPER Innis, Harold A., 1894-1952. i~,~}... .l"!r· ,)~\_l.t .\i ....'i +h..3 rVlk \1 Empire and communications \ I P;'3·\::-,f~.rl PAPER AND THE PRINTING PRESS 139 \ ;Ji!..... 'Jt~j Includes index. j ~~ ..""-- Bibliography: p. ISBN 0-88878-245-4 (bound). - ISBN AFTERWORD David Godfrey 171 0-88878-244-6 (pbk.) 1. Communication. I. Godfrey, Dave, 1938- INDEX 179 II. Title. P90.I5 1986 302.2 C85-091375-6 I/f) tL T 1 FOREWORD DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS Empire and Communications, first printed in 1950, is often quoted and referred to by experts in the field of communications. It has had a major impact on the development of this field of study, despite its emphasis on ancient political events and largely forgotten technologies. After more than thirty-five years, what remains attractive about the text is the boldness of its paradigms and the depth of its examples and models. At the same time, one sometimes wonders if the influence of books is in inverse proportion to their clarity. Write simply, and you may be soon forgotten. But combine just the right mixture of ambiguity, obtuse allusion, complex theory and authoritarian tone and you create a work which successive generations of scholars can debate and re-interpret forever, thus ensuring the potential of influence if not influence itself. Innis does suggest that civilization might be measured by its tolerance of unintelligiblity and Empire and Communications may appear to share some of the above characteristics, but its central ideas are relatively clear. What creates confusion is partly the cryptic style of Innis and partly the mass of data which provides ballast for the central themes. For the average reader, necessary first steps are to recognize that no single piece of data is essential and that the data is not always linked in a direct, causal fashion to the theories. Innis dealt with dynamic, large-scale, interacting human forces. Biology or differential calculus provide more apt parallels for the sense of structure in Empire and Communications Innis than -do algebra or Newtonian phYSics. I think Innis would have been delighted to have a large, continually growing database to play with, one in which values and interpretations were themselves data. His terms, like the terms of modern physics, attempt to mark complex things by simple names. The terms of physics were chosen to make the statement of physical laws simple, elegant and revealing; however, terms such as matter, energy, object and time are far from simple themselves. They are abstract, complex and removed from experience; they have clear meaning only within the formulas which link them. The same holds true for the formulas of Innis, although his are descriptive rather than mathematical. His terms, oral culture, efficiency of communication, conquering time, conquering space, monopolies of writing, religious decentralization, military centralization, the bias of a medium, etc., all attempt to focus thought into specific expressions so that major relationships can be presented in a fashion at once simple, elegant and revealing. The meaning of an individual term is shaped by the relationships it helps describe. This edition takes two approaches to helping the reader clarify the text. First, at the data level, we have illustrated and explained some of the myths, technologies, art and history which are often presented in very cryptic fashion within the text. Secondly, in the introductions to each chapter and in the new subheadings, we have presented the main structures of the work in a manner which, we trust, clarifies the framework of Innis's thought without undue simplification. It cannot be said that Empire and Communications is, as yet, a popular book even though its influence has been very strong in a wide variety of fields. As Arthur Kroker says, Innis's vision takes us into the deepest interstices of the technological experience, understood as the primal of Canadian society .... It was Innis's particular genius to make us see from within the bias of technology, both as the locus of Canadian economic history and as the 'horizon' surrounding the working-out of the Canadian fate in a turbulent world. * Nonetheless, to date, the work of McLuhan has. b~en far 1l10re popular alJ~t\(@ryJ~~"LQf McLuhan's readers know anythin~ ~nnis,,_LeJ aione"·about~·the great debt __.-------------.- - .. _.r __ ·.,..·_.-. ........ ~_.. ,........' ... ...--.'"~"~_.,~."',.",..,.~ .".....-.. _" .. ____ ._ ...... ______ ._.~ _____ .. -- McLuhan owes to Innis. Few who know them both well would deny that Innis is a far more important------.---~ theoretician. One of the goals of this new edition is to help allow the average reader to see why Innis remains important. * Arthur Kroker, Technology and the Canadian Mind (Montreal, New World Perspectives, 1984). viii FOREWORD FOREWORD ix SOME PATTERNS CHANGE ON THE BORDERS. There may even be a little personal bias in his description of a Innis sees the social world as a dynamic structure, subject to competing and interacting third pattern, his insistence that major changes in media always appear in the hinterlands, forces over time. We might say that he groups these forces into certain metaforces so that on the border of empire. By defining these metaforces, Innis, from his outpost at the he can better describe the events that comprise the historical traces left by such forces and University of Toronto, brought a new level of analysis and comprehension of metaforces. ·In these descriptions, however, he is aware not only of his own personal bias communications into being; from that understanding were constructed new developments. as a political economist from a former colony (whose life and institutions have been The renaissance of the Canadian publishing industry in the 1960s, for example, was shaped by the British Empire), but of the inescapable bias of the media of his civilization. planned using the theories of Innis as a conceptual blueprint. These patterns and groupings that he presents, then, always possess a certain relativity; For Innis, efficiency of communications is indicated by the growth of an empire. causes and results are probabilistic rather than deterministic. Monopolies of knowledge flourish within that empire. Monopolies tend to become inflexible and stagnate. Historically, Innis indicates, the new media that tend to destabilize ORAL VERSUS WRITTEN. One fundamental pattern to note is that of the contrast between the old empires arise not in the metropolitan centres of cultures, but on the boundaries, in oral and written communications and the consequences for society. Since most of Empire the outbacks, where the competitive forces create the need for new e!ficiencies and where and Communications deals with variations of writing, this contrast is not emphasized. a strong sense of the vernacular creates a dynamic local environment. Nonetheless, it is clear that Innis felt that all forms of writing represented a falling away from the more democratic, spiritual, humanistic and small-scale traditions of oral culture. CYCLES. A degree of the Chinese sense of yin and yang appears to lie behind Innis's Only writing-based cultures could produce empires. descriptions of the rise and fall of empires. Their movement towards excess, disintegration Writing, even before it was clearly mechanized, represented a mechanization of the and rebirth ca(l be delayed but never stopped. For Innis, empires seem neither fully natural spirit; word-processors would not have bothered Innis any more than did paper mills, nor fully mechanistic. The forces that drive them swing them now towards the militaristic printing presses and the written alphabet. Small was beautiful because it was built on a and now towards the religious, like some awkward robot trying to walk on uneven stilts, human scale of tongue and ear and living memory. Anything else was mechanized. In his stilts whose lengths appear to change suddenly. Part of the task of Innis appears to be to brief preface, Innis suggests that all make these changes more predictable. But those swings towards the poles of space conquest and time conquest appear within a larger pattern of increasing efficiency, so that written works, including this one, have dangerous implications to the vitality of an oral tradition and to the health of a civilization, particularly if they thwart the interest of a people in culture lessons learned from the past can never be precisely applied to the future. The insights of and, following Aristotle, the cathartic effects of culture. Innis come from his definition of these patterns, but he never pretends that he has seen them fully. MEASURING EFFICIENCY. Within the fallen world of written cultures, Innis further In general, Innis agrees with James Bryce's concept of long-term cycles and links concentrates upon the patterns of communications within empires.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Fleet of Syracuse (480-413 BCE)
    ANDREAS MORAKIS The Fleet of Syracuse (480-413 BCE) The Deinomenids The ancient sources make no reference to the fleet of Syracuse until the be- ginning of the 5th century BCE. In particular, Thucydides, when considering the Greek maritime powers at the time of the rise of the Athenian empire, includes among them the tyrants of Sicily1. Other sources refer more precisely to Gelon’s fleet, during the Carthaginian invasion in Sicily. Herodotus, when the Greeks en- voys asked for Gelon’s help to face Xerxes’ attack, mentions the lord of Syracuse promising to provide, amongst other things, 200 triremes in return of the com- mand of the Greek forces2. The same number of ships is also mentioned by Ti- maeus3 and Ephorus4. It is very odd, though, that we hear nothing of this fleet during the Carthaginian campaign and the Battle of Himera in either the narration of Diodorus, or the briefer one of Herodotus5. Nevertheless, other sources imply some kind of naval fighting in Himera. Pausanias saw offerings from Gelon and the Syracusans taken from the Phoenicians in either a sea or a land battle6. In addition, the Scholiast to the first Pythian of Pindar, in two different situations – the second one being from Ephorus – says that Gelon destroyed the Carthaginians in a sea battle when they attacked Sicily7. 1 Thuc. I 14, 2: ὀλίγον τε πρὸ τῶν Μηδικῶν καὶ τοῦ ∆αρείου θανάτου … τριήρεις περί τε Σικελίαν τοῖς τυράννοις ἐς πλῆθος ἐγένοντο καὶ Κερκυραίοις. 2 Hdt. VII 158. 3 Timae. FGrHist 566 F94= Polyb. XII 26b, 1-5, but the set is not the court of Gelon, but the conference of the mainland Greeks in Corinth.
    [Show full text]
  • The Satrap of Western Anatolia and the Greeks
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2017 The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Eyal Meyer University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons Recommended Citation Meyer, Eyal, "The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks" (2017). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2473. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2473 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The aS trap Of Western Anatolia And The Greeks Abstract This dissertation explores the extent to which Persian policies in the western satrapies originated from the provincial capitals in the Anatolian periphery rather than from the royal centers in the Persian heartland in the fifth ec ntury BC. I begin by establishing that the Persian administrative apparatus was a product of a grand reform initiated by Darius I, which was aimed at producing a more uniform and centralized administrative infrastructure. In the following chapter I show that the provincial administration was embedded with chancellors, scribes, secretaries and military personnel of royal status and that the satrapies were periodically inspected by the Persian King or his loyal agents, which allowed to central authorities to monitory the provinces. In chapter three I delineate the extent of satrapal authority, responsibility and resources, and conclude that the satraps were supplied with considerable resources which enabled to fulfill the duties of their office. After the power dynamic between the Great Persian King and his provincial governors and the nature of the office of satrap has been analyzed, I begin a diachronic scrutiny of Greco-Persian interactions in the fifth century BC.
    [Show full text]
  • Seminary Studies
    ANDREWS UNIVERSITY SEMINARY STUDIES VOLUME VI JANUARI 1968 NUMBER I CONTENTS Heimmerly-Dupuy, Daniel, Some Observations on the Assyro- Babylonian and Sumerian Flood Stories Hasel, Gerhard F., Sabbatarian Anabaptists of the Sixteenth Century: Part II 19 Horn, Siegfried H., Where and When was the Aramaic Saqqara Papyrus Written ? 29 Lewis, Richard B., Ignatius and the "Lord's Day" 46 Neuffer, Julia, The Accession of Artaxerxes I 6o Specht, Walter F., The Use of Italics in English Versions of the New Testament 88 Book Reviews iio ANDREWS UNIVERSITY BERRIEN SPRINGS, MICHIGAN 49104, USA ANDREWS UNIVERSITY SEMINARY STUDIES The Journal of the Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary of Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan SIEGFRIED H. HORN Editor EARLE HILGERT KENNETH A. STRAND Associate Editors LEONA G. RUNNING Editorial Assistant SAKAE Kos() Book Review Editor ROY E. BRANSON Circulation Manager ANDREWS UNIVERSITY SEMINARY STUDIES publishes papers and short notes in English, French and German on the follow- ing subjects: Biblical linguistics and its cognates, textual criticism, exegesis, Biblical archaeology and geography, an- cient history, church history, theology, philosophy of religion, ethics and comparative religions. The opinions expressed in articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the editors. ANDREWS UNIVERSITY SEMINARY STUDIES is published in January and July of each year. The annual subscription rate is $4.00. Payments are to be made to Andrews University Seminary Studies, Berrien Springs, Michigan 49104, USA. Subscribers should give full name and postal address when paying their subscriptions and should send notice of change of address at least five weeks before it is to take effect; the old as well as the new address must be given.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tyrannies in the Greek Cities of Sicily: 505-466 Bc
    THE TYRANNIES IN THE GREEK CITIES OF SICILY: 505-466 BC MICHAEL JOHN GRIFFIN Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of Classics September 2005 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would like to thank the Thomas and Elizabeth Williams Scholarship Fund (Loughor Schools District) for their financial assistance over the course of my studies. Their support has been crucial to my being able to complete this degree course. As for academic support, grateful thanks must go above all to my supervisor at the School of Classics, Dr. Roger Brock, whose vast knowledge has made a massive contribution not only to this thesis, but also towards my own development as an academic. I would also like to thank all other staff, both academic and clerical, during my time in the School of Classics for their help and support. Other individuals I would like to thank are Dr. Liam Dalton, Mr. Adrian Furse and Dr. Eleanor OKell, for all their input and assistance with my thesis throughout my four years in Leeds. Thanks also go to all the other various friends and acquaintances, both in Leeds and elsewhere, in particular the many postgraduate students who have given their support on a personal level as well as academically.
    [Show full text]
  • Hisb10 Key Terms: Midterm 2 Chapters 4-6 Chapter 4
    1 HISB10 KEY TERMS: MIDTERM 2 ʹ CHAPTERS 4-6 CHAPTER 4: SPARTA 1. Ephebe y Originally an ephebe was a boy who had reached the age of puberty. Beginning in the late fourth century BC all Athenian boys who were in their eighteenth year had to undergo two years of military training called the Ephebia. The boys spent the first year in Athens under the guidance of state-employed military instructors and the second year as part of the garrisons of several frontier forts. In the Hellenistic period, the Ephebia changed, ceasing to be mandatory at Athens and elsewhere and increasingly focusing on providing boys with a cultural education centered on the gymnasium. homoioi ('similars' or 'peers') The Spartan term for full Spartan citizens, referring to their common experience in the agoge and the Spartan army. 2. Ephor (ephoros) y ͞Overseer,͟ magistrates, an office found in Sparta and in other Dorian states. In Sparta a board of five ephors was elected annually by the assembly; the senior ephor gave his name to the year. The ephors had great power in the Spartan state, including general control over the king͛s conduct. 3. Gerousia y The ͞council of elders͟ (from geron ͞old man͟). Term used at Sparta and in other poleis for the aristocratic council. The Spartan gerousia consisted of the two kings plus twenty-eight men over age sixty who served for life. 4. Helot y Term for groups of conquered people in Greece forced by their conquerors to work as serfs on their former lands. It is most commonly associated with Sparta, where helots probably outnumbered citizens by a ratio of seven to one.
    [Show full text]
  • Rethinking Athenian Democracy.Pdf
    Rethinking Athenian Democracy A dissertation presented by Daniela Louise Cammack to The Department of Government in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Political Science Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts January 2013 © 2013 Daniela Cammack All rights reserved. Professor Richard Tuck Daniela Cammack Abstract Conventional accounts of classical Athenian democracy represent the assembly as the primary democratic institution in the Athenian political system. This looks reasonable in the light of modern democracy, which has typically developed through the democratization of legislative assemblies. Yet it conflicts with the evidence at our disposal. Our ancient sources suggest that the most significant and distinctively democratic institution in Athens was the courts, where decisions were made by large panels of randomly selected ordinary citizens with no possibility of appeal. This dissertation reinterprets Athenian democracy as “dikastic democracy” (from the Greek dikastēs, “judge”), defined as a mode of government in which ordinary citizens rule principally through their control of the administration of justice. It begins by casting doubt on two major planks in the modern interpretation of Athenian democracy: first, that it rested on a conception of the “wisdom of the multitude” akin to that advanced by epistemic democrats today, and second that it was “deliberative,” meaning that mass discussion of political matters played a defining role. The first plank rests largely on an argument made by Aristotle in support of mass political participation, which I show has been comprehensively misunderstood. The second rests on the interpretation of the verb “bouleuomai” as indicating speech, but I suggest that it meant internal reflection in both the courts and the assembly.
    [Show full text]
  • Periclean Athens
    Periclean Athens “… our city as a whole is the school of Greece...” (Thuc. ii 41.1) Isegoria Public Equality In order for citizens to be equal they must be seen as equal Equal freedom to participate publically Freedom to speak in public But not to say anything! Isonomia Legal Equality Public Law Any citizen can bring a charge against any other person All cases heard by jury of peers (citizens) Right to appeal to the Areopagus Council The Ecclesia Quorum of 6000 citizens Met in the Agora; after 462 BC on the Pnyx Four “ordinary” sessions per month “Extraordinary” sessions could be called Anyone could speak Voted on measures approved by the Boule Subject to veto by the Areopagus Boule 500 Members 10 Prytanies Met every business day in the Boulouterion Supervised civic administration Deliberated on measures for the Ecclesia Prytany 50 members from each tribe Held presidency for one month (of ten) Met in the Prytaneum Delian League, 477 BC Athens chosen Coalition Leader …to liberate the Greeks of Asia Minor and prosecute the war against Persia Delian League Meeting of the Aegean allies on Delos +/- 150 member states One state – one vote “We will have the same friends and enemies” 460 talents per year Delian League States Cimon Cimon, son of Miltiades Strategos at Plataea (under Aristides) Exposed Pausanias Commander of the allied fleet after 478/7 Leader of the Kaloi K’Agathoi after 476. Spartan Proxenos Lacedaemonius Athenian Policy Kaloi K’Agathoi: Demos: Good relations with Hegemony of Hellas
    [Show full text]
  • Central Balkans Cradle of Aegean Culture
    ANTONIJE SHKOKLJEV SLAVE NIKOLOVSKI - KATIN PREHISTORY CENTRAL BALKANS CRADLE OF AEGEAN CULTURE Prehistory - Central Balkans Cradle of Aegean culture By Antonije Shkokljev Slave Nikolovski – Katin Translated from Macedonian to English and edited By Risto Stefov Prehistory - Central Balkans Cradle of Aegean culture Published by: Risto Stefov Publications [email protected] Toronto, Canada All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without written consent from the author, except for the inclusion of brief and documented quotations in a review. Copyright 2013 by Antonije Shkokljev, Slave Nikolovski – Katin & Risto Stefov e-book edition 2 Index Index........................................................................................................3 COMMON HISTORY AND FUTURE ..................................................5 I - GEOGRAPHICAL CONFIGURATION OF THE BALKANS.........8 II - ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES .........................................10 III - EPISTEMOLOGY OF THE PANNONIAN ONOMASTICS.......11 IV - DEVELOPMENT OF PALEOGRAPHY IN THE BALKANS....33 V – THRACE ........................................................................................37 VI – PREHISTORIC MACEDONIA....................................................41 VII - THESSALY - PREHISTORIC AEOLIA.....................................62 VIII – EPIRUS – PELASGIAN TESPROTIA......................................69
    [Show full text]
  • The Dancing Floor of Ares Local Conflict and Regional Violence in Central Greece
    The Dancing Floor of Ares Local Conflict and Regional Violence in Central Greece Edited by Fabienne Marchand and Hans Beck ANCIENT HISTORY BULLETIN Supplemental Volume 1 (2020) ISSN 0835-3638 Edited by: Edward Anson, Catalina Balmaceda, Monica D’Agostini, Andrea Gatzke, Alex McAuley, Sabine Müller, Nadini Pandey, John Vanderspoel, Connor Whatley, Pat Wheatley Senior Editor: Timothy Howe Assistant Editor: Charlotte Dunn Contents 1 Hans Beck and Fabienne Marchand, Preface 2 Chandra Giroux, Mythologizing Conflict: Memory and the Minyae 21 Laetitia Phialon, The End of a World: Local Conflict and Regional Violence in Mycenaean Boeotia? 46 Hans Beck, From Regional Rivalry to Federalism: Revisiting the Battle of Koroneia (447 BCE) 63 Salvatore Tufano, The Liberation of Thebes (379 BC) as a Theban Revolution. Three Case Studies in Theban Prosopography 86 Alex McAuley, Kai polemou kai eirenes: Military Magistrates at War and at Peace in Hellenistic Boiotia 109 Roy van Wijk, The centrality of Boiotia to Athenian defensive strategy 138 Elena Franchi, Genealogies and Violence. Central Greece in the Making 168 Fabienne Marchand, The Making of a Fetter of Greece: Chalcis in the Hellenistic Period 189 Marcel Piérart, La guerre ou la paix? Deux notes sur les relations entre les Confédérations achaienne et béotienne (224-180 a.C.) Preface The present collection of papers stems from two one-day workshops, the first at McGill University on November 9, 2017, followed by another at the Université de Fribourg on May 24, 2018. Both meetings were part of a wider international collaboration between two projects, the Parochial Polis directed by Hans Beck in Montreal and now at Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, and Fabienne Marchand’s Swiss National Science Foundation Old and New Powers: Boiotian International Relations from Philip II to Augustus.
    [Show full text]
  • Cimon's Dismissal, Ephialtes' Revolution and the Peloponnesian Wars Cole, John R Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Winter 1974; 15, 4; Proquest Pg
    Cimon's Dismissal, Ephialtes' Revolution and the Peloponnesian Wars Cole, John R Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Winter 1974; 15, 4; ProQuest pg. 369 Cimon's Dismissal, Ephialtes' Revolution and the Peloponnesian Wars John R. Cole HE YEAR 462 B.C. may have marked the most acute crisis in what Bengtson calls "the decisive turning point in the internal and T 1 external histories" of Sparta and Athens. We lack the authori­ tative historical source to state from antiquity the case for 462 that Herodotus states for 480 or Thucydides for 431. But ancient histori­ cal tradition does suggest the unique concatenation of three calamities in 462. First in the tradition, at Sparta the earthquake of 464 and the subsequent helot rebellion shook the state to its very foundations, so that proud Sparta had to come as suppliant to Athens. Second, at Athens the <revolution' of Ephialtes overthrew Areopagite oligarchy and established Periclean democracy, hardly less calamitous an event in surviving accounts. Third, between Sparta and Athens opened the decisive rift, the <dismissal' of Cimon from Ithome by <fearful' Spartans, followed by his ostracism, the reversal of alliances, and the first of the Peloponnesian wars. The severity of these calamities was not doubted in antiquity. But our sources on the first two are uncritical enough and removed enough in time to encourage a measure of skepticism among moderns. Dio­ dorns, Plutarch and Pausanias are open to question, as is Aristotle. But on the third calamity, Thucydides has always seemed critical enough and close enough to command assent. It is my purpose to encourage a measure of skepticism concerning Thucydides' account of the <dismissal' of Cimon, the one event of this most crucial year that our best and earliest source emphasized.
    [Show full text]
  • Ritual Year 8 Migrations
    Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences — SIEF Working Group on The Ritual Year Edited by Dobrinka Parusheva and Lina Gergova Sofia • 2014 THE RITUAL YEAR 8 MIGRATIONS The Yearbook of the SIEF Working Group on The Ritual Year Sofia, IEFSEM-BAS, 2014 Peer reviewed articles based on the presentations of the conference in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 26-29 June 2012 General Editor: Emily Lyle Editors for this issue: Dobrinka Parusheva and Lina Gergova Language editors: Jenny Butler, Molly Carter, Cozette Griffin-Kremer, John Helsloot, Emily Lyle, Neill Martin, Nancy McEntire, David Stanley, Elizabeth Warner Design and layout: Yana Gergova Advisory board: Maria Teresa Agozzino, Marion Bowman, Jenny Butler, Molly Carter, Kinga Gáspár, Evy Håland, Aado Lintrop, Neill Martin, Lina Midholm, Tatiana Minniyakhmetova, David Stanley, Elizabeth Warner The Yearbook is established in 2011 by merging former periodicals dedicated to the study of the Ritual Year: Proceedings of the (5 volumes in 2005–2011). Published by the Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences ISSN 2228-1347 © Authors © Dobrinka Parusheva & Lina Gergova, editors © Yana Gergova, design and layout © SIEF Working Group on The Ritual Year © IEFSEM-BAS CONTENTS Foreword 9 THE SEED-STORE OF THE YEAR Emily Lyle 15 MODERN SPORTS AWARDS CEREMONIES – A GENEALOGICAL ANALYSIS Grigor Har. Grigorov 27 THE RITUAL OF CHANGE IN A REMOTE AREA: CONTEMPORARY ARTS AND THE RENEWAL OF A
    [Show full text]
  • What May Philip Have Learnt As a Hostage in Thebes? Hammond, N G L Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Winter 1997; 38, 4; Proquest Pg
    What may Philip have learnt as a hostage in Thebes? Hammond, N G L Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Winter 1997; 38, 4; ProQuest pg. 355 What May Philip Have Learnt as a Hostage in Thebes? N. c. L. Hammond HE BELIEF that Philip did learn some lessons in Thebes was clearly stated in three passages.1 After denouncing the slug­ Tgishness of the Athenians, Justin (6.9.7) wrote that Philip "having been held hostage in Thebes for three years and having been instructed in the fine qualities of Epaminondas and Pelo­ pidas" was enabled by the inactivity of the Greeks to impose on them the yoke of servitude. The source of this passage was clearly Theopompus. 2 Justin wrote further as follows: "This thing [peace with Thebes] gave very great promotion to the outstanding natural ability of Philip" (7.5.2: quae res Philippo maxima incrementa egregiae indolis dedit), "seeing that Philip laid the first foundations of boyhood as a hostage for three 1 The following abbreviations are used: Anderson=J. K. Anderson, Military Theory and Practice in the Age of Xenophon (Berkeley 1970); Aymard=A. Aymard, "Philippe de Macedoine, otage a Thebes, REA 56 (1954) 15-26; Buckler=J. Buckler, "Plutarch on Leuktra," SymbOslo 55 (1980) 75-93; Ellis=J. R. Ellis, Philip II and Macedonian Imperialism (London 1976); Ferrill=A. Ferrill, The Origins of War from the Stone Age to Alexander the Great (London 1985); Geyer=F. Geyer, Makedonien bis zur Thronbesteigung Philippe II (Munich 1939); Hammond, Coll. St.-N. G. L. Hammond, Col­ lected Studies I-IV (Amsterdam 1993-97); Hammond, Philip=id., Philip of Macedon (London 1994); Hammond, "Training"=id., "Training in the Use of the Sarissa and its Effect in Battle, n Antichthon 14 (1980) 53-63; Hat­ zopoulos,=M.
    [Show full text]