Crowdsourcing for Democracy: a New Era in Policy-Making
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Licensing Open Government Data Jyh-An Lee
Hastings Business Law Journal Volume 13 Article 2 Number 2 Winter 2017 Winter 2017 Licensing Open Government Data Jyh-An Lee Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/ hastings_business_law_journal Part of the Business Organizations Law Commons Recommended Citation Jyh-An Lee, Licensing Open Government Data, 13 Hastings Bus. L.J. 207 (2017). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_business_law_journal/vol13/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Business Law Journal by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 2 - LEE MACROED.DOCX (DO NOT DELETE) 5/5/2017 11:09 AM Licensing Open Government Data Jyh-An Lee* Governments around the world create and collect an enormous amount of data that covers important environmental, educational, geographical, meteorological, scientific, demographic, transport, tourism, health insurance, crime, occupational safety, product safety, and many other types of information.1 This data is generated as part of a government’s daily functions.2 Given government data’s exceptional social and economic value, former U.S. President Barack Obama described it as a “national asset.”3 For various policy reasons, open government data (“OGD”) has become a popular governmental practice and international * Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law in the Chinese University -
Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21St Century
An occasional paper on digital media and learning Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21st Century Henry Jenkins, Director of the Comparative Media Studies Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with Katie Clinton Ravi Purushotma Alice J. Robison Margaret Weigel Building the new field of digital media and learning The MacArthur Foundation launched its five-year, $50 million digital media and learning initiative in 2006 to help determine how digital technologies are changing the way young people learn, play, socialize, and participate in civic life.Answers are critical to developing educational and other social institutions that can meet the needs of this and future generations. The initiative is both marshaling what it is already known about the field and seeding innovation for continued growth. For more information, visit www.digitallearning.macfound.org.To engage in conversations about these projects and the field of digital learning, visit the Spotlight blog at spotlight.macfound.org. About the MacArthur Foundation The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation is a private, independent grantmaking institution dedicated to helping groups and individuals foster lasting improvement in the human condition.With assets of $5.5 billion, the Foundation makes grants totaling approximately $200 million annually. For more information or to sign up for MacArthur’s monthly electronic newsletter, visit www.macfound.org. The MacArthur Foundation 140 South Dearborn Street, Suite 1200 Chicago, Illinois 60603 Tel.(312) 726-8000 www.digitallearning.macfound.org An occasional paper on digital media and learning Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture: Media Education for the 21st Century Henry Jenkins, Director of the Comparative Media Studies Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with Katie Clinton Ravi Purushotma Alice J. -
Crowdsourcing: Today and Tomorrow
Crowdsourcing: Today and Tomorrow An Interactive Qualifying Project Submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science by Fangwen Yuan Jun Liang Zhaokun Xue Approved Professor Sonia Chernova Advisor 1 Abstract This project focuses on crowdsourcing, the practice of outsourcing activities that are traditionally performed by a small group of professionals to an unknown, large community of individuals. Our study examines how crowdsourcing has become an important form of labor organization, what major forms of crowdsourcing exist currently, and which trends of crowdsourcing will have potential impacts on the society in the future. The study is conducted through literature study on the derivation and development of crowdsourcing, through examination on current major crowdsourcing platforms, and through surveys and interviews with crowdsourcing participants on their experiences and motivations. 2 Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 8 1.1 Definition of Crowdsourcing ............................................................................................................... 8 1.2 Research Motivation ........................................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Research Objectives ........................................................................................................................... -
The Digital Society New Ways to More Transparency, Participation and Current Issues August 1, 2011 Innovation
The digital society New ways to more transparency, participation and Current Issues August 1, 2011 innovation Digital structural change. The increasing use of modern network technologies is changing people’s daily social and economic lives. Today, anyone and everyone can engage interactively in digital spaces. This is giving rise to both new forms of participation and new patterns of value creation, accompanied by a shift in power towards citizen and consumer sovereignty. Digital structural change is encouraging the following open source movements in particular: Trend research Trend (Corporate) Social Media. Social networking platforms are penetrating all spheres of life. At the corporate level this is redistributing control over communications towards the internet community. Whilst businesses and organisations can benefit from the powerful ‘recommendation web’, they are also losing some of their control over customers and their communication sovereignty. This is making corporate communications more authentic and informal. Open Innovation. Interactive value creation can make companies more innovative by integrating external specialists’ and communities’ knowledge and creativity into internal processes. The more external ideas that are incorporated, the greater are the potential combinations to create something new. But open innovation also involves risks because classic value creation patterns have to be broken up and modernised with new strategies and, most importantly, with new interaction competencies. Open Government. Political institutions and government agencies are likewise opening up to increased civic engagement. The public data made available can give rise to new applications and business models. Where interaction takes place and government receives external feedback, new collaborative and participatory models are able to evolve between government and citizens. -
Open Data and Open Government
Open Data and Open Government Information is a valuable national resource and a strategic asset to the Federal government, its partners, and the public. In order to ensure that the Federal government is taking full advantage of its information resources, executive departments and agencies...must manage information as an asset throughout its life cycle to promote openness and interoperability, and properly safeguard systems and information. OMB Open Data Policy — Managing Information as an Asset¹ Summary Responsibilities and governance are widely distributed in this “ policy area. Some initiatives are led by the Federal CIO, while others come directly from The White House. GSA manages Data. Stakeholders gov and Project Open Data. To date, over 185,000 government datasets have been posted on Data.gov. However, it can be difficult to measure the broader economic and civic impacts of open data and open government Impact efforts. While most CIOs reported interest in open government and open data initiatives, many expressed challenges in obtaining resources, navigating conflicts with existing policies, and balancing priorities against other efforts such as infrastructure Risk modernization and cybersecurity. Efficiently managing government data and information can increase operational efficiencies, reduce costs, improve services, and better safeguard personal information. Making information resources accessible, discoverable, and usable by the public can Policy help fuel entrepreneurship, innovation, and scientific discovery. STATE OF FEDERAL IT REPORT / PUBLIC RELEASE VERSION 1.0 C-1 POLICY PAPERS Open Data and Open Government Overview The Federal government creates and systems (see Figure C1) and weather collects a wide variety of valuable data and forecasting that fundamentally changed has long sought to provide citizens with the citizens lives and had a tremendous impact right and ability to access this information.² on the American economy. -
Open Government the Global Context and the Way Forward HIGHLIGHTS 2016
Open Government The global context and the way forward HIGHLIGHTS 2016 19 The OECD’s work on open government The OECD has been at the forefront of an evidence-based analysis of open government reforms in member and non-member countries. The OECD Open Government Project provides countries with a sequence of analysis and actionable support. This include l Open Government Reviews l Capacity building seminars for public officials and civil society l Regional networks to exchange common challenges and good practices What are OECD open government reviews OECD Open Government Reviews support countries in their efforts to build more transparent, accountable and participatory governments that can restore citizens’ trust and promote inclusive growth. They provide in-depth analyses of open government policies and initiatives, and coupled with actionable recommendations, they help to further embed the principles and practices of open government within policy-making cycles and to evaluate their impacts. What is the purpose of this Highlights This highlights presents selected key facts, findings and recommendations of the Report Open Government: The Global Context and the Way Forward. The Report is based on the responses of more than 50 countries to the 2015 OECD Survey on Open Government Co-ordination and Citizen Participation in the Policy Cycle, as well as on the findings of the OECD Open Government Reviews. In addition to all OECD countries which answered to the Survey, thirteen countries from Latin America (including the two OECD member countries Chile and Mexico) submitted their answers, as well Indonesia, Jordan, Lithuania, Morocco, Philippines, Romania and Tunisia. The global diversity of the responding countries allowed the authors of the Report to draw conclusions on regional differences and provide a solid evidence base for the analysis of open government reforms. -
Crowdsourcing Database Systems: Overview and Challenges
Crowdsourcing Database Systems: Overview and Challenges Chengliang Chai∗, Ju Fany, Guoliang Li∗, Jiannan Wang#, Yudian Zhengz ∗Tsinghua University yRenmin University #Simon Fraser University zTwitter [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract—Many data management and analytics tasks, such inside database only; while crowdsourcing databases use as entity resolution, cannot be solely addressed by automated the “open-world” model, which can utilize the crowd to processes. Crowdsourcing is an effective way to harness the human cognitive ability to process these computer-hard tasks. crowdsource data, i.e., collecting a tuple/table or filling an Thanks to public crowdsourcing platforms, e.g., Amazon Me- attribute. Secondly, crowdsourcing databases can utilize the chanical Turk and CrowdFlower, we can easily involve hundreds crowd to support operations, e.g., comparing two objects, of thousands of ordinary workers (i.e., the crowd) to address these computer-hard tasks. However it is rather inconvenient to ranking multiple objects, and rating an object. These two main interact with the crowdsourcing platforms, because the platforms differences are attributed to involving the crowd to process require one to set parameters and even write codes. Inspired by database operations. In this paper, we review existing works traditional DBMS, crowdsourcing database systems have been proposed and widely studied to encapsulate the complexities of on crowdsourcing database system from the following aspects. interacting with the crowd. In this tutorial, we will survey and Crowdsourcing Overview. Suppose a requester (e.g., Ama- synthesize a wide spectrum of existing studies on crowdsourcing zon) has a set of computer-hard tasks (e.g., entity resolution database systems. -
Henry Jenkins Convergence Culture Where Old and New Media
Henry Jenkins Convergence Culture Where Old and New Media Collide n New York University Press • NewYork and London Skenovano pro studijni ucely NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS New York and London www.nyupress. org © 2006 by New York University All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jenkins, Henry, 1958- Convergence culture : where old and new media collide / Henry Jenkins, p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8147-4281-5 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8147-4281-5 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Mass media and culture—United States. 2. Popular culture—United States. I. Title. P94.65.U6J46 2006 302.230973—dc22 2006007358 New York University Press books are printed on acid-free paper, and their binding materials are chosen for strength and durability. Manufactured in the United States of America c 15 14 13 12 11 p 10 987654321 Skenovano pro studijni ucely Contents Acknowledgments vii Introduction: "Worship at the Altar of Convergence": A New Paradigm for Understanding Media Change 1 1 Spoiling Survivor: The Anatomy of a Knowledge Community 25 2 Buying into American Idol: How We are Being Sold on Reality TV 59 3 Searching for the Origami Unicorn: The Matrix and Transmedia Storytelling 93 4 Quentin Tarantino's Star Wars? Grassroots Creativity Meets the Media Industry 131 5 Why Heather Can Write: Media Literacy and the Harry Potter Wars 169 6 Photoshop for Democracy: The New Relationship between Politics and Popular Culture 206 Conclusion: Democratizing Television? The Politics of Participation 240 Notes 261 Glossary 279 Index 295 About the Author 308 V Skenovano pro studijni ucely Acknowledgments Writing this book has been an epic journey, helped along by many hands. -
A Blockchain-Based Decentralized Framework for Crowdsourcing
© 2020 JETIR February 2020, Volume 7, Issue 2 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) A Blockchain-based Decentralized Framework for Crowdsourcing Priyanka Patil Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sandip University, Nashik, Umakant Mandawkar Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science and Engineering. Sandip University, Nashik. Abstract- Crowdsourcing empowers open collaboration over the Internet. Crowdsourcing is a method in which an man or woman or an employer makes use of the understanding pool gift over the Internet to perform their task. These platforms provide numerous benefits quality, and lower assignment completion time. To execute tasks efficiently, with the employee pool to be had on the platform, task posters rely on the reputation managed and maintained by the platform. Usually, reputation management machine works on ratings supplied by means of the task posters. Such reputation systems are susceptible to several attacks as users or the platform owners, with malicious intents, can jeopardize the reputation device with fake reputations. A blockchain based approach for managing various crowdsourcing steps provides a promising route to manage reputation machine. We propose a crowdsourcing platform where in every step of crowdsourcing system is managed as transaction in Blockchain. This allows in establishing better trust inside the platform customers and addresses various attacks which are possible on a centralized crowdsourcing platform. Keywords- Block-chain, Crowdsourcing, centralized. I.INTRODUCTION A block-chain is a decentralized, distributed and public digital ledger this is used to record transactions across many computer systems so that any involved record cannot be altered retroactively, without the alteration of all next blocks. Crowdsourcing is a sourcing model in which people Or companies gain goods and services, including ideas and finances, from a large, exceedingly open and frequently rapid-evolving organization of internet users; it divides work among individuals to reap a cumulative result. -
Crowdfunding, Crowdsourcing and Digital Fundraising
Fundraising for Archives Crowdsourcing, Crowdfunding and Online Fundraising Crowdfunding, Crowdsourcing & Digital Fundraising Aim of Today This session will help to demystify the landscape surrounding crowdsourcing, crowdfunding, and online fundraising providing you with information and tools essential when considering these different platforms. Plan for today • Understand the digital fundraising techniques • Evaluate what components are required for an online campaign to be successful • What does a good online case for support look like • Reflect on examples of good practice • Build a crowdfunder plan 4 5 Apples…….oranges……or pears? Digital isn’t complicated – change is! 7 DO YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TOOLS FOR THE JOB TO NAVIGATE THE MAZE 8 Your Crowd… • Internal Stakeholders • External Stakeholders Databases: Which one do you choose? Microsoft Dynamics 10 Who’s Online ONS 2015 ONLINE DONATION METHOD Blackbaud 2014 12 DO YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TOOLS FOR THE JOB TO NAVIGATE THE MAZE • Email • Website / online platform • Social Media • CRM System / Database • Any others…… You need to be able to engage with your online audience on multiple platforms! 13 Email "Correo." by Itzel402 - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - 14 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Correo..jpg#/media/File:Correo..jpg http://uk.pcmag.com/e-mail-products/3708/guide/the-best-email-marketing-services-of-2015 15 Social Media 16 Social Media Channel Quick Guide •Facebook - Needs little explanation. Growing a little older in terms of demographics. Visual and video content working well. Tends to get higher engagement than Twitter. •Twitter - The other main channel. Especially useful for networking and news distribution. -
An Assessment of Open Government Data Benchmark Instruments
An Assessment of Open Government Data Benchmark Instruments Ilka Kawashita*, Ana Alice Baptista**, Delfina Soares*** *University of Phoenix, USA, [email protected] **University of Minho, Portugal, [email protected] ***United Nations University (UNU-EGOV), Portugal, [email protected] Abstract: Open Government Data (OGD) is heralded as a pillar for promoting openness and e- Government. Several OGD benchmark instruments have been proposed, and so many options could confuse open data users. We intend to help practitioners and researchers decide which benchmark instrument is most appropriate to evaluate a specific purpose. We aim to investigate the different dimensions that OGD benchmarks evaluate to discover what aspects of publishing and using open data they measure. To achieve this goal, we built upon previous research on how the Open Data Charter principles are measured in OGD assessments and enriched the analysis with additional dimensions. Findings reveal that what differentiates these benchmark instruments is their scope or focus, as their creators have varying interests and objectives. All benchmark instruments measure "data openness"; however, each emphasizes different aspects of "openness." Concepts measured are deeply connected with the six Charter principles. OGD impact, use, and usefulness are addressed by half of the benchmark instruments. Measurements can be compared. Their assessments can be used to help improve data quality and the conditions for sharing and reusing OGD. Keywords: e-Government, Open Data, Open Government Data, Benchmark, Assessment 1. Introduction Governments produce, collect, maintain, and disseminate significant amounts of data (Kalampokis et al., 2011). Thus, data are the driver of the digital transformation as government transitions to e- Government (Attard et al., 2016). -
Perspectives on the Sharing Economy
Perspectives on the Sharing Economy Perspectives on the Sharing Economy Edited by Dominika Wruk, Achim Oberg and Indre Maurer Perspectives on the Sharing Economy Edited by Dominika Wruk, Achim Oberg and Indre Maurer This book first published 2019 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2019 by Dominika Wruk, Achim Oberg, Indre Maurer and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-3512-6 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-3512-1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 Perspectives on the Sharing Economy Dominika Wruk, Achim Oberg and Indre Maurer 1. Business and Economic History Perspective 1.1 .............................................................................................................. 30 Renaissance of Shared Resource Use? The Historical Honeycomb of the Sharing Economy Philipp C. Mosmann 1.2 .............................................................................................................. 39 Can the Sharing Economy Regulate Itself? A Comparison of How Uber and Machinery Rings Link their Economic and Social