Supplementary Figure S1 legends

Figure S1A. Maximum likelihood tree depicting relationships among SOST and SOSTDC1 genes. Number on the nodes correspond to maximum likelihood ultrafast bootstrap and Bayesian posterior probabilities support values.

Figure S1B. Maximum likelihood tree depicting relationships among CER and DAND5 genes. Number on the nodes correspond to maximum likelihood ultrafast bootstrap and Bayesian posterior probabilities support values.

Figure S1C. Maximum likelihood tree depicting relationships among NBL1 genes. Number on the nodes correspond to maximum likelihood ultrafast bootstrap and Bayesian posterior probabilities support values.

Figure S1D. Maximum likelihood tree depicting relationships among GREM genes. Number on the nodes correspond to maximum likelihood ultrafast bootstrap and Bayesian posterior probabilities support values.

NBL1 American alligator Chinese alligator Chicken GREM3 Turkey Duck DAND5 Flycatcher GREM2 Zebrafinch Green sea turtle Western painted turtle Chinese turtle Anole lizard Burmese python Common garter snake Alpaca

CER1 Cow 0.7 Pig Elephant Bushbaby

GREM1 Dog Guinea pig Ferret Armadillo Squirrel Mouse Rat Microbat SOSTDC1 Malayan pangolin

Panda SOST Rabbit Vervet Olive baboon SOST Orangutan Chimpanzee Gorilla Human Gibbon Tasmanian devil Wallaby High Himalaya Frog Coelacanth Amazon molly Platyfish Tilapia Fugu Tetraodon 83/0.79 Medaka S�ckleback Cavefish Zebrafish Spo�ed gar Elephant shark Alpaca Pig Pig Cat Dog Ferret Panda Horse Shrew Olive baboon Chimpanzee Human Gibbon Orangutan Gorilla Marmoset Macaque Vervet Malayan pangolin Cow Sheep Megabat Dolphin Bushbaby Mouse lemur Armadillo Hyrax Elephant Guinea pig Squirrel Kangaroo rat 100/1 Mouse Rat Rabbit Tree shrew Microbat Tarsier Opossum Wallaby Platypus

Chicken SOSTDC1 Chicken Turkey Flycatcher Zebrafinch Duck American alligator Chinese alligator Gharial Green sea turtle Chinese turtle Western painted turtle Anole lizard Burmese python Common garter snake Clawed frog High Himalaya Frog Coelacanth Elephant shark Spo�ed gar Amazon molly Platyfish Medaka Tilapia Cod Zebrafish Cavefish 100/0.98 Cavefish Zebrafish S�ckleback Tilapia Sea lamprey Belcher's Lancelet

0.7 NBL1 Alpaca Cow

GREM3 Sheep Horse DAND5 Cat GREM2 Dog Panda Shrew Malayan pangolin Megabat

Microbat CER1

0.7 Bushbaby Mouse lemur

Chimpanzee GREM1 Gorilla Human Gibbon Orangutan Macaque

SOSTDC1 Olive baboon Vervet Marmoset Tarsier SOST Pika Rabbit Kangaroo rat Squirrel Guinea pig Mouse Rat CER1 Elephant Armadillo Tasmanian devil Wallaby American alligator Chinese alligator Gharial Saltwater crocodile 100/1 Chinese turtle Green sea turtle Western painted turtle Anole lizard Burmese python Common garter snake Gekko Chicken Duck Flycatcher Zebrafinch Coelacanth Clawed frog High Himalaya Frog Elephant shark Bushbaby Mouse lemur Elephant Hyrax Chimpanzee Human Gorilla Orangutan Gibbon Macaque Olive baboon Vervet Marmoset Squirrel Mouse Rat Rabbit Guinea pig Cat Dog Panda Megabat Malayan pangolin

Kangaroo rat DAND5 Horse Opossum Tasmanian devil Wallaby High Himalaya Frog Amazon molly 99/0.99 Platyfish Medaka Tilapia S�ckleback Fugu Tetraodon Zebrafish Spo�ed gar Cavefish Coelacanth

0.7 NBL1 Amazon molly Platyfish GREM3 Medaka DAND5 Tilapia GREM2 Fugu Tetraodon S�ckleback Cod

Zebrafish CER1

0.7 Spo�ed gar American alligator

GREM1 Gharial Saltwater crocodile Chinese alligator Chinese turtle Western painted turtle SOSTDC1 Green sea turtle Chicken Turkey SOST Duck Zebrafinch Flycatcher High Himalaya Frog Clawed frog Coelacanth Elephant shark Anole lizard Burmese python Common garter snake Taiwan habu Armadillo Bushbaby

Guinea pig NBL1 Gibbon Gorilla Human Macaque Olive baboon Vervet Marmoset Mouse lemur Orangutan Elephant Mouse Rat Tasmanian devil Wallaby 100/1 Hyrax Ferret Malayan pangolin Cat Panda Dog Squirrel Horse Cow Sheep Pig Dolphin European lancelet Belcher's lancelet NBL1 Coelacanth 100/0.99 Spo�ed gar Elephant shark American alligator GREM3 Chinese alligator GREM3 Saltwater crocodile DAND5 Gharial GREM2 Chicken Flycatcher Zebrafinch Duck Anole lizard Speckled ra�lesnake European adder Mexican salamander King cobra Common garter snake CER1 Corn snake 0.7 Burmese python Spiny So�shell Turtle Chinese turtle

GREM1 Green sea turtle Armadillo Cat Dog Ferret Elephant Megabat Bushbaby Alpaca SOSTDC1 Dromedary Bactrian camel Pig Pig Platypus SOST Rabbit Chimpanzee Olive baboon Macaque Orangutan

96/1 Marmoset GREM2 Squirrel Tarsier Opossum Mouse Rat Kangaroo rat Gibbon Vervet Guinea pig Human Mouse lemur Sea lamprey Coelacanth Spo�ed gar Zebrafish Cave fish Cod Fugu Tetraodon S�ckleback Tilapia Medaka 96/0.81 Amazon molly Platyfish Zebrafish Cave fish 95/0.93 Elephant shark Sea lamprey Florida lancelet European lancelet Belcher's Lancelet Vase tunicate Amazon molly b Platyfish b S�ckleback b Fugu b Tetraodon b Tilapia b Medaka b 88/0.83 Cod b Zebrafish Cave fish Cod Fugu Tilapia Medaka Zebrafish Zebrafish Cave fish Spo�ed gar Elephant shark 87/0.91 Coelacanth Anole lizard Speckled ra�lesnake European adder King cobra Common garter snake Corn snake Burmese python Mexican salamander Clawed frog High Himalaya Frog Alpaca Cat Ferret Armadillo Mouse Rat Bushbaby Rabbit Marmoset Sperm whale

Orca GREM1 Dolphin Baiji Elephant Microbat Cow Chimpanzee Mouse lemur Pig Vervet Human Tarsier Gibbon Orangutan Macaque Squirrel Megabat Horse Olive baboon Opossum Wallaby Spiny So�shell Turtle Chinese turtle Green sea turtle Chicken Duck Zebrafinch Saltwater crocodile Gharial American alligator Chinese alligator