THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) NO. 34

ISSN 0495-3843

THE FOREST HERBARIUM NATIONAL PARK, WILDLIFE AND CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT BANGKOK, DECEMBER 2006 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY)

Published by The Forest Herbarium (BKF) National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand

Advisors

Chamlong Phengklai, Leena Phuphathanaphong and Chawalit Niyomdham

Editor

Thawatchai Santisuk

Editorial Board

Kongkanda Chayamarit (BKF), David A. Simpson (K), John A. N. Parnell (TCD) David J. Middleton (E) and Paul Wilkin (K)

Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) (TFB) publishes papers on plant taxonomy (especially of vascular ), nomenclature, phylogeny, systematics, plant geography, and floristics, and in morphology, palynology, cytotaxonomy, chemotaxonomy, anatomy and other relevant disciplines. Priority is given to papers written by staff of the Forest Herbarium and by botanists working on the Flora of Thailand Project. Limited space is available for other relevant papers. TFB is published once a year, usually in September. All manuscripts are peer reviewed. Manuscripts are considered on the understanding that their contents have not appeared, or will not appear, elsewhere in the same or abbreviated form. Before submitting a manuscript please read the Guidelines for authors at http://www.dnp.go.th/botany/ botany_eng/bulletin.html. These guidelines must be followed precisely otherwise publication of the manuscript will be delayed. Exchange with botanical journals or periodicals pertaining to plant taxonomy would be appreciated.

THE FOREST HERBARIUM

Director: Kongkanda Chayamarit Curator: Rachun Pooma BKF Staff: Thawatchai Wongprasert, Chana Phromdej, Thawat Ting-Nga, Thirawat Boonthavikoon, Metinee Tarumatsawat, Phongsak Phonsena, Wichai Onnom, Somran Suddee, Phornphitak Panyarat, Voradol Chamchumroon, Thanongsak Jonganurak, Piyachart Trisarasri, Thianchai Chanplaeng, Pachok Puudjaa, Phien Thuengkhun, Chakapan Thaweewan, Boonyuen Chuenchomklin, Tharathorn Kaeophlap, Paphot Kan-U-Rai. Coordinator: Nannapat Pattharahirantricin Front Cover: Thepparatia thailandica Phuph. (Photographed by R. Pooma) THAI FOR. BULL. (BOT.) 34: 1–3. 2006.

Notes on Polyalthia (Annonaceae)

PASAKORN BUNCHALEE* & PRANOM CHANTARANOTHAI**

ABSTRACT. Polyalthia corticosa (Pierre) Finet & Gagnep., newly recorded from Thailand, is described. Two lectotypes are selected here.

During the preparation of a revision of the genus Polyalthia for the Flora of Thailand we came across specimens from the North of Thailand which were not assignable to any species known to occur in the country. After careful examination, we found that these specimens belonged to P. corticosa (Pierre) Finet & Gagnep. which, therefore, is newly recorded for Thailand. Two species were found to be in need of lectotypification and that is undertaken herein.

Polyalthia corticosa (Pierre) Finet & Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 53 96. 1907 & in H. Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine. 1: 75. 1907; Ast, Suppl. Fl. Indo-Chine. 1: 79. 1938; Ban, Fl. Vietn. 1: 104. 2000. Type: Vietnam, Bien Hoa, Song Be, Pierre 1752 (lectotype P; isolectotypes A, K!). Fig. 1. Tree 10–20 m high. Young twigs rusty-brown pubescent, glabrescent, with numerous lenticels. Leaves chartaceous, narrowly elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 8–22 by 2–5.5 cm, apex acute, base cuneate or rounded, margin entire; glabrous on both surfaces except on the midrib and secondary veins below, midrib and secondary veins slightly prominent above, prominent below, secondary veins in 12–14 pairs, interarching 15–30 mm; tertiary veins reticulate; petioles 1–2 mm long (i.e. leaves subsessile). Flowers 1–2(–3) from the axils of fallen leaves; peduncles 1–1.5 cm long, pubescent, with small bract at base, ovate, 2–2.5 by 1–1.5 mm. Sepals chartaceous, ovate, 4–5 by 3–4 mm, apex acute, slightly puberulous outside, glabrous inside. Petals thinly coriaceous, yellowish, outer petal slightly shorter and narrower than the inner one, weakly pubescent outside, glabrous inside; outer petal ovate, 6–8 by 3–4 mm, apex acute, inner petal elliptic, 6–8 by 3–4 mm, apex acute. Torus cushion-shaped, 0.8–1 mm. thick, glabrous. Stamens cuneate, 0.8–1.2 mm; anthers 1–1.3 mm long; connective truncate, hiding the anther cell. Carpels numerous, elliptic, 0.8–1.1 mm long, pubescent; style subsessile; stigma ± rounded, above connective, pubescent; ovules 2 per carpel, placentation marginal. Fruit a cluster of separate, stipitate, dehiscent monocarps, the stipe 1–1.4 cm long, the monocarp oblong, 1–1.6 by 1.2–1.4 cm, glabrous; fruit stalks 1.5–2.5 cm long.

* Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Kantarawichai District, Mahasarakham 44150, Thailand. ** Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. 2 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Thailand.— NORTHERN: Phrae (Huai Hom, Ban Nam Krai, Huai Yuak), Uttaradit. Distribution.— Laos, Vietnam. Ecology.—Along streams in dry evergreen forest, 500–800 m. Flowering Feb.–May, fruiting March–July. Vernacular.— Sa ban nga pa ( ∫—πß“ªÉ“). Specimens examined.— A. Chanthamuk 43 (BKF); C. Phengklai 50 (BKF); T. Smitinand & A. Cheke 10805 (BKF). Notes.— Polyalthia corticosa differs from P. evecta (Pierre) Phamh. (characters in brackets) in being a medium-sized (shrubby tree) tree, with rough (smooth) twigs, with the outer and inner petals more or less the same size (inner petals larger) and with two (one) ovules per carpel The Thai specimens extend the range of P. corticosa from Vietnam and Laos westward to northern Thailand.

A B

Figure 1. Polyalthia corticosa (Pierre) Finet & Gagnep. Photo from T. Smitinand & A. Cheke 10805 (BKF). A. habit; B. flower. NOTES ON POLYALTHIA (ANNONACEAE) (P. BUNCHALEE & P. CHANTARANOTHAI) 3

Polyalthia angustissima Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc.. 54: 11. 1910. Type: Singapore, Bukit Timah, Ridley 8050 (lectotype SING!; isolectotype K!, selected here). The original description mentioned unnumbered collections of Ridley and Lake & Kesall. The former was collected by Ridley at the Garden Jungle, Bukit Timah, Singapore. The latter was collected by Lake & Kesall from Kwala Sembrong, Johore. We have examined these specimens and found that they are Ridley 8050 (SING!, K!) and Lake & Kesall 4047 (SING!). The Ridley material is well preserved with duplicates in two institutes. Therefore, we have chosen the specimen at SING as the lectotype and the one at K as the isolectotype.

Polyalthia dumosa King in Mat. Fl. Malay Penins. 1: 52. 1892. Type: Malaysia, , Maxwell’s Hill, Wray 2628 (lectotype SING!; isolectotype CAL!). In the protologue, King mentioned unnumbered and unknown locality collections of Wray and Scortechini. When Sinclair (1955) revised the Annonaceae for the Malay Peninsula, he cited three syntypes, Wray 2628 (CAL, SING) and 2978 (SING, K) and Scortechini 601 (CAL, SING). Wray 2628 was collected from “Maxwell’s hill, Perak” in September 1888. The specimen deposited at SING is the best preserved specimen. Hence, it is chosen as the lectotype and specimen at CAL as the isolectotype.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We are grateful to Drs D.A. Simpson and R. Johns for help at K. We would like also to thank the curators and staff of BK, BKF, BM, K and SING for access to their collections and information necessary for this study. The first author was assisted by grants from the Faculty of Science, Maha Sarakharm University and the TRF/BIOTEC Special Program for Biodiversity Research and Training Program (BRT-541090), which enabled him to visit the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the British Museum (Natural History) and The Linnean Society of London during 2002.

REFERENCES

Ban, N.T. (2000). Flora of Vietnam 1: 74–116. Science & Technics Publishing House, Hà Nôi. King, G. (1892). Polyalthia. In: Materials towards a Flora of the Malay Peninsula 1(4): 49–67. Lecomte, M.T. (1907–1908). Flore Gânerale de l’ Indo-Chine 1: 65–76. Masson et Cie, Editeurs, Paris. Ridley, H.N. (1922). Polyalthia. In: Flora of the Malay Peninsula 1: 49–61. L. Reeve & Co. Ashford, Great Britain. Sinclair, J. (1955). A Revision of the Malayan Annonaceae. Gardens Bulletin Singapore 14: 149–516. THAI FOR. BULL. (BOT.) 34: 4–24. 2006.

A checklist of the genus Ixora L. (Rubiaceae) in Thailand

VORADOL CHAMCHUMROON*

ABSTRACT. A checklist of Ixora in Thailand is presented. The following 27 species are recognized. A key to the species, ecological data and geological distribution are provided.

Ixora L. is a genus of trees and shrubs within the Rubiaceae. Ixora contains 563 species according to Govaerts et al. (2006), some of which are ornamental plants such as I. coccinea L. The highest numbers of species occur in southeast Asia and Malaysia reaching a maximum in Borneo (Bremkamp, 1937a) although the genus is pantropically distributed. The systematics of Ixora at generic level is quite well understood, but the delimitation of species is not. Thus there have been both confusion and superfluity in nomenclature. The most recent accounts of the genus are those of Bremekamp (1937b) and Corner (1941), the latter dealing with Malayan taxa. Thus there is no modern guidance to identification for Ixora species. The Rubiaceae is one of the largest families not yet treated for the Flora of Thailand, and Ixora represents one of the most problematic genera of the family, with the limits of many species needing to be clarified. In Thailand, Craib (1934) listed Ixora in the Florae Siamensis Enumeratio and enumerated about 38 species and seven varieties. Boonbundral (1978) carried out a preliminary study of the genus Ixora in Thailand with 23 species and 3 varieties. In peninsular Malaysia only 20 species of Ixora were recorded from the lowlands and mountains (Corner, 1941).

MATERIALS & METHODS

The Ixora treatment for the Flora of Thailand is based on the examination of 1,200 specimens from Thailand at the following herbaria: AAU, BK, BKF, C, K, PSU, QBG, W and WU. Abbreviations follow Holmgren & Holmgren (1990). Comparative morphology was used to delimit species in all cases. A list of the specimens of each species consulted indicating the herbaria in which they are kept is available from the author by email on request.

* Forest Herbarium (BKF), National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, 61 Phahonyothin Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. email:[email protected]. A CHECKLIST OF THE GENUS IXORA L. (RUBIACEAE) IN THAILAND (V. CHAMCHUMROON) 5

TAXONOMIC TREATMENT

IXORA

L., Sp. Pl.: 110. 1753; Gen. Pl. [ed. 5: 48. 1754]; [ed. 8 curante Schreber: 70. 1789; [ed. 9 curante Sprengel: 90. 1830]; De Candolle, Prodr. 4: 485. 1830; Hook.f., in Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 2: 113. 1873; Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 137. 1880; Boerlage, Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 134. 1891; Schumann in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. fam. 4,4: 107. 1897; King & Gamble, Mat. Fl. Malay Penins. 15: 70. 1904; Pit. in H. Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 3(3): 303. 1924; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 89. 1923; Bremek., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, ser. 3, 14: 198. 1937; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 2: 324. 1963; Merr., Fl. Manila: 451. 1968; Wong in Tree Fl. Mal. 4: 356. 1989. Lectotype: I. coccinea L. (designated by Hitchcock & Green 1929).— Schetti Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 146. 1763. Type species: unknown.— Sideroxyloides, Jacq. Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. 19, t.: 175. 1763. Type species: S. ferrum Jacq.— Siderodendrum Schreb., Gen. Pl.: 71. 1789. Type species: S. floribundum Schreb .— Eumachia DC., Prodr. 4: 478. 1830. Type species: E. carnea DC.— Bemsetia Raf. Sylva Tellur.: 12. 1838. Type species: B. paniculata Raf.— Panchezia, Montrouz., Mâm. Acad. Roy. Sci. Lyon Sect. Lett., 10: 223. 1860. Type species: P. collina Montrouz.— Charpentiera Viell., Bull. Soc. Linn. Normandie 9: 346. 1865. Type species: C. bracteata Viell.— Hitoa Nadeaud, Journ. Bot. (Morot) 13: 2. 1899; Krause, in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. Fam. Nachtr. 3: 329. 1908. Type species: H. moreensis Nadeaud.— Thouarsiora Homolle ex Arànes, Notul. Syst. (Paris), 16: 19. 1961. Type species: T. littoralis Homolle ex Arànes.— Ixora Lam., Encycl. 3: 342. 1789, p.p.; Roxb., Fl. Ind.: 126. 1820, p.p.; Bentham, Fl. Austral. 3: 413. 1866, p.p.; Kurz, For. Fl. Burma 2: 15. 1877, p.p.; von M¸ller, Syst. Census Austral. Pl.: 74. 1882, p.p.; Baillon, Adansonia 12: 213. 1878, p.p.; Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl.: 287. 1891, p.p.— Pavetta sect. Ixora Bl., Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 949. 1826; Korthals, Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 2,2: 261. 1851; Miquel, Fl. ind. Bat. 2: 264. 1857. Pavetta L.,: A. Rich., Mâm. Fam. Rub.: 100. 1829, p.p. Shrubs, to small or medium-sized trees, 1–8 m high, young twigs usually flattened, more rarely bisulcate, glabrous or more rarely pubescent, older branches smooth to corky, grayish to greenish or brown. Leaves opposite, petiolate or more rarely sessile; petioles up to 1.5 cm long, glabrous or more rarely pubescent, often with cork rings, bases distinctly articulate; blades elliptic to obovate, more rarely ovate, apex usually acuminate but sometimes acute or obtuse, base attenuate to cordate, chartaceous to coriaceous, drying greenish to grayish to blackish brown, glabrous above, glabrous or more rarely pubescent underneath, the pubescence then restricted to the nerves or present on the whole surface; 6–14 pairs of lateral nerves; intersecondaries reticulate; margin entire and (somewhat) revolute. Stipules interpetiolar, limbs amplexicaul, basally fused to form a cone but free in their upper parts, truncate to triangular or more rarely ovate, apex bearing a short to long awn. Inflorescence terminal on main or lateral branches, corymbose to paniculate, congested to extremely lax, sessile or short to long pedunculate, in the latter case erect or drooping to pendulous, multiflorous or more rarely pauciflorous; branching trichotomous, articulate and opposite or non-articulate and non-opposite, bracts well developed to reduced or absent; if inflorescence pedunculate, then provided with 1(–2) pairs of (sub)sessile inflorescence- supporting leaves with rounded to cordate bases and usually much smaller than the vegetative 6 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34 leaves, but with fully developed stipules; modified inflorescence-supporting leaves usually absent in sessile inflorescence; peduncle and inflorescence axes usually red to purplish, glabrous or variously pubescent; first order bracts with the stipular parts fused to an ovate blade with a central awn, the foliar part either absent or forming small leaves (in sessile inflorescences) or with or without stipular parts, the foliar parts connate, triangular and vaulted (in pedunculate inflorescences); higher order bracts with stipular parts absent, the foliar parts narrowly triangular and vaulted, fimbriate or filiform. Ultimate flower triads with flower sessile to long pedicellate (up to 2.5 cm), the pedicel of the central flower sometimes shorter than the pedicels of the lateral ones; bracteoles usually present on most pedicels, often connate and opposite at the base of ovary or on the pedicel or non-opposite along the pedicels, widely triangular to filiform or ovate, with obtuse to acuminate tips. Flowers 4- merous, hermaphrodite, fragrant, white, pale pink, or red shading orange, calyx together with ovary often red, glabrous to pubescent outside, often pubescent and always provided with colleters at the base of the lobes inside; tube usually short, truncate or dentate; lobes triangular to linear or ovate with rounded to acuminate tips, their bases sometimes overlapping; corolla white, pink, yellow, orange or red, the colour usually darker in bud and corolla lobes paler than tube, glabrous or more rarely pubescent outside; tube cylindrical, slender, slightly widening at the throat, 0.5–8 cm long; lobes contorted to the right in bud, spreading or reflexed at anthesis, with obtuse to acuminate eccentric apices, mostly glabrous at the adaxial side but sometimes with long spreading hairs near the throat; stamens exserted at anthesis; filaments 0.5–10 mm long, inserted at the throat of the corolla tube; anthers linear, basifixed to inframedifixed, bases sagittate, apex with a sterile appendage; ovary small, usually cup-shaped, 2-locular, glabrous to pubescent outside, its wall containing many tannins; ovule anatropous to hemi-anatropous, pendulous, attached to the upper half of the massive septum, with adaxial obturator; style slender, exserted, usually glabrous; stigma bilobed or rarely 3–4-lobed, lobes often recurving. Fruits drupaceous, more or less bilobed, with persistent calyx, red or black when ripe, containing (1–)2 one-seeded pyrenes; pyrenes hemispherical to hemiovoid, with convex abaxial side and flat subapically perforated adaxial side, leathery to crustaceous to stony, often with performed germination slit(s); seed ± the same shape as the pyrenes, reddish brown, with large adaxial excavation continuing into a basal vertical groove; extreme thickening of the seed-coat around the adaxial excavation absent; endosperm horny, in some species showing traces of rumination around the adaxial excavation; embryo dorsal, somewhat cured, with foliaceous cotyledons; radicle inferior. Twenty-nine taxa of Ixora have been recorded in Thailand. Three species are identified as new to science but are withheld until good flowering and fruiting material are available.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF IXORA IN THAILAND

1. Branchlets of inflorescence never opposite (though sometimes subopposite) and never articulate. Flowers rarely in distinct triads; pedicels never articulate 2. Leaf base rounded or cordate; leaves sessile or subsessile 3. I. brunnescens 2. Leaf base cuneate; leaves distinctly petiolate 3. Awn of stipule 5–7 mm long; corolla tubes 23–25 mm long, lobes (5–)5.5 mm long; southeastern Thailand only 9. I. dolichophylla 3. Awn of stipule 1–3 mm long; corolla tubes 7–10 mm long, lobes 2–4 mm long; peninsular Thailand only 12. I. grandifolia A CHECKLIST OF THE GENUS IXORA L. (RUBIACEAE) IN THAILAND (V. CHAMCHUMROON) 7

1. Branchlets of inflorescence all opposite and articulate. Flowers in distinct triads; pedicels of lateral flowers articulate at base 4. Leaves drying blackish brown 5. Leaves (at least lower leaf surface) densely covered with short spreading hairs 6. Both lower and upper surface hairy; awn of stipule 10–20 mm long 4b. I. brunonis subsp. kratensis 6. Only lower leaf surface densely covered with short spreading hairs; awn of stipule less than 10 mm long 7. Stipule sheath 8–12 mm long and awn 5–8 mm long 25. Ixora sp. 1 7. Stipule sheath 5–6 mm long and awn 1–2 mm long 18b. I. lucida var. densipila [in part] 5. Leaves entirely glabrous 8. Anthers and exserted style and stigmas longer than or about as long as corolla lobes 9. Corolla tube 13–20 mm long; inflorescence sessile or subsessile (peduncles only to ca. 3 mm long) 11. I. fusca 9. Corolla tube 20–35 mm long; inflorescence distinctly stalked (peduncles up to ca. 45 mm long) 20. I. nigricans 8. Anthers and exserted style and stigmas shorter than corolla lobes 10. Corolla tube puberulous both outside and inside 11. Throat of corolla glabrous 18a. I. lucida var. lucida 11. Throat of corolla with long spreading hairs 18b. I. lucida var. densipila 10. Corolla entirely glabrous 12. Leaf base cordate 15. I. kerrii 12. Leaf base never distinctly cordate 13. Individual flowers subtended by large, conspicuous oblong-ovate bracteoles (6–10 x 2.5–4.5 mm) covering the ovary 24. I. umbellata var. multibracteata 13. Individual flowers partially subtended by much smaller bracteoles, reaching at most the middle of ovary 14. Inflorescences pendulous, their stalks 10 cm or considerably longer 22. I. pendula 14. Inflorescences erect, their stalks much shorter than 10 cm 15. Leaves up to 6.5(–10) mm long and up to 3.5 cm wide, with up to 8(–10) pairs of lateral veins; flowers white, fragrant 2. I. bracteolata 15. Leaves 10.5–19.5 by 4.7–7.2 cm, with 12–26 pairs of lateral veins; flowers orange, turning red,not fragrant 17. I. lobbii 4. Leaves not drying blackish brown 16. Calyx lobes leafy, oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, at least twice as long as the calyx tube 10. I. finlaysoniana 16. Calyx lobes not leafy, narrowly triangular or linear, shorter than calyx tube or at least not more than twice as long 17. Leaves (at least lower leaf surface) densely covered with short spreading hairs 18. Leaf base cordate 4a. I. brunonis subsp. brunonis 18. Leaf base never distinctly cordate 19. Leaves 27–33 by 9–10.5 cm 1. I. betongensis 19. Leaves considerably smaller, to 20 cm long and 8 cm wide at the most 20. Awn of stipule 1–3 mm long; corolla tube 13–22 mm 21. I. opaca 20. Awn of stipule < 1 mm long; corolla tube 30–37 mm 16. I. lakshnakarae 17. Leaves entirely glabrous 21. Leaf blades 10–20 cm wide 22. Stipule sheaths 5–8 mm long, awn 3–4 mm 26. Ixora sp. 2 22. Stipule sheaths 2–3(–5) mm long, awn 1–2 mm 19. I. merguensis 21. Leaf blades to 10 cm wide, but usually less 23. Awn of stipule 10–25 mm long 13. I. henryi 23. Awn of stipule always < 10 mm long 24. Inflorescence (sub) sessile 25. Leaf blades 2.5–7.5 mm long, stipule awn 1–2 mm long 7. I. cibdela 25. Leaf blades > 7.5 mm long, stipule awn 2–4 mm long 26. Leaf blades 12–18 by 5–6.5(–7) cm, petioles 8–10 mm; stipular sheath 5– 7 mm long, awn 2–3 mm long 27. Ixora sp. 3 8 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

26. Leaf blades 8.5–12.0(–18)8.5–12.0(-18) by 2–3.1(–5) cm, petioles 4–64-6 mm; stipular sheath 8–10 mm long, awn 3–4 mm long 23. I. phuluangensis 24. Inflorescence pedunculate 27. Flowers orange-red, sometimes fading orange-yellow, not fragrant 14. I. javanica 27. Flowers white or pinkish, often fragrant 28. Corolla tube 25–35 mm long 6. I. cambodiana 28. Corolla tube only up to 15 mm long 29. Corolla tube 5–12 mm long; leaf blades 20–29 cm long 5. I. butterwickii 29. Corolla tube 12–15 mm long; leaf blades 11.5–21.5 cm long 8. I. diversifolia

1. Ixora betongensis Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1910: 425. 1910; Fl. Siam. 2: 150. 1934. Type: Thailand, Yala, Betong, Kerr 7639 (holotype K!; isotype BK!).

Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Yala (Betong), Narathiwat (Waeng). Distribution.— Endemic to Thailand. Ecology.— Evergreen forest, alongalong streams,streams, ca.c. 300300 m;m; flowering March, fruiting unknown. Vernacular.— Khem betong (‡¢¡‡∫µß)Á (Central). Notes.— Distinguished from I. merguensis Hook. f. by having hirsute lower leaf surfaces and glabrous corolla tubes. Given that the species occurs in the southernmost part of Thailand, it is likely that it can also be expected in neighbouring Malaysia.

2. Ixora bracteolata Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 426. 1932; Fl. Siam. 2: 150. 1934. Type: Thailand, Trat, Ta Kum, Put 2887, (holotype K!; isotype BK!). Thailand.— SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao, Chantabun, Pong Nam Ron, Makham), Rayong (Khao Chamao), Sa Kaeo (Khlong Nam Sai), Trat (Tha Kum); PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Klong Mi), Phatthalung (Khao Pu Khao Ya). Distribution.— Endemic to Thailand. Ecology.—Along streams in evergreen forest, 170–400 m; flowering March–Aug., fruiting Oct.–Dec. Vernacular.— Kanlakahom ( °≈≈–°–Œ— Õ¡)â (Chanthaburi). Notes.— This species is related to I. lucida R. Br. ex Hook.f. and I. eugenioides Pierre ex Pit.. From the former it may be distinguished by the bracteoles being longer than the receptacle and the corolla tube being glabrous on the outside, and from the latter by the narrower stipules and calyx segments and the longer corolla tube.

3. Ixora brunnescens Kurz, J. & Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 2: 317. 1872; For. Fl. Burma. 2: 24. 1877; Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 143. 1882; Brandis, Ind. Trees.: 389. 1921; Craib in Fl. Siam. 2: 150. 1934; Bremek., Jour. Bot.: 324. 1937. Type: Burma, Andaman Sea, Long Island, Parkinson 746 (lectotype K!, selected here; isolectotype DD, not seen). A CHECKLIST OF THE GENUS IXORA L. (RUBIACEAE) IN THAILAND (V. CHAMCHUMROON) 9

Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Phangnga (Ko Similan, Ko Si, Ko Hok, Hat Thong Muang), Krabi (Ao Maya,Maya, KoKo Pi Pi Pi Pi Le), Le), Satun Satun (Ko (Ko Tarutao), Tarutao), Trang Trang (Ko (Ko Kradan). Kradan). Distribution.— Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Peninsular Thailand. Ecology.— Beach forest and limestone forest near seashore; flowering Nov.–April; fruiting March–July. Note.— Ixora brunnescens resembles I. grandifolia in its inflorescence but the leaves are very differently shaped and almost or altogether sessile.

4. Ixora brunonis Wall. ex G. Don, Gen. Syst., 3: 573. 1834; Kurz, For. Fl. Burma, 2: 20. 1877; Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. Ind.. 3: 139. 1882; King & Gamble, Mat. Fl. Malay Penins. 15: 72. 1904; Brandis, Ind. Trees: 388. 1921; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 91. 1923; Craib in Fl. Siam. 2: 151. 1934; Corner, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 11: 183. 1941; Wong, Tree Fl. Mal. 4: 356. 1989. Type: Malaysia, Penang, Wallich 6136 (holotype K!).

KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES

Petioles < 10 mm long, leaf blades oblanceolate or obovate, base cordate (Peninsular Thailand, Malay Peninsula) subsp. brunonis Petioles mostly > than 10 mm, leaf blades elliptic or oblong, base rounded or cuneate (Southeast Thailand) subsp. kratensis

4a. subsp. brunonis.— I. brevidens Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 426. 1932; Fl. Siam. 2: 150. 1934. Type: Thailand, Huai Yang, Put 3253 (holotype K!; isotype BK!). Thailand.— NORTHERN: Kamphaeng Phet (Sanfala); SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi (Khaeo Noi, Sang Khla), Phetchaburi (Thorthip Falls), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Haui Yang); PENINSULAR: Chumphon (Dan Chumphon), Ranong (Bunyapan Falls, Khlong Na Kha, Wat Tapotharam), Surat Thani (Ban Kop Kep, Chieo Lan dam, Khlong Phanom, Khao Sok), Phangnga (Nai Chong), Phuket (7th Day Adventist Hospital), Krabi (Ao Luk, Ao Nang, Khao Pra Bang Kram, Khao Phanom Bencha), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Chawang, Thung Song, Krung Ching Falls, Ka RomRom FallsFalls), ), Phatthalung (Khao Pu Khao Ya), Trang (Khao Chong, Khao Kaep, Khao Sung, Lumphura, Thung Khai), Satun (Ban Tan, Ko Tarutao, Thale Ban, Khuan Kalong), Songkhla (Hat Yai, Boripat Falls, Khao Kho Hong, Ban Rainuea), Narathiwat (Buketamon). Distribution.— Southern Myanma and Tenasserim, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore. Ecology.— Common in evergreen forest, 30–800 m; flowering Jan.–Sept., fruiting Oct.–June. Vernacular. — Ngo (‡ß“–) (Satun). Notes.— Ixora brevidens Craib is a synonym of I. brunonis Wall. ex G.Don, Craib (1934) stated in the original publication of I. brevidens that it differs from I. brunonis in having a shorter indumentum on the lower surface of the leaf and shorter calyx segments. These characters are regarded as normal variations within the species. Both have the same floral characters.characters. 10 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

4b. subsp. kratensis (Craib) V. Chamchumroon, Thai For. Bull. (Bot.) 33: 8. 2005.— I. kratensis Craib, Bull. Misc.Inform. Kew 1932: 427. 1932; Fl. Siam. 2: 159. 1934. Type: Thailand, Trat, Bo Rai, Kerr 9473 (holotype K!; isotype BK!). Thailand.— SOUTHEASTERN: Rayong (Khao Cha Mao), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao, Khao Sa Bap, Makham, Phlio Falls), Trat (Bo Rai, Dan Chumphon, Khao Saming, Khao Kop, Ko Chang, Huai Rang). Distribution.— Endemic to Southeastern Thailand. Ecology.— Common in evergreen forest, also in secondary forest, 150–900 m; flowering Aug.–Dec., fruiting Sept.–Jan. Vernacular.— Khem khon (‡¢Á¡¢π), nuan paeng (π«≈·ªÑß) (Southeastern). Notes.— Craib (1932) stated in the original publication of I. kratensis that it differs from I. brunonis in having petiolate leaves and shorter corolla lobes and calyx segments. These differences, however, only hold for a few collections (e.g. Kerr 9473, Put 2936). The reproductive characters of the two are the same. Ixora kratensis Craib is, therefore, reduced to a subspecies of I. brunonis. The two subspecies only differ in some vegetative characters: subsp. kratensis has leaves with a cuneate to rounded base and oblong blades, subsp. brunonis always has leaves with a cordate base and oblanceolate or obovate blades.

5. Ixora butterwickii Hole, Ind. For. 14: 16. 1919; Ind. For. Rec. 7(4): 1. 1919; Craib, Fl. Siam. 2: 151. 1934; Bremek., Journ. Bot.: 172. 1937. Type: Burma, Yamethin Distr., Inbinyedwet, Butterwick 19978 (holotype K!, isotype DD).— I. butterwickii Hole var. lepida Craib, in Fl. Siam. 2: 152. 1934. Type: Thailand, Chiang Mai, Pang Tong, Put 3811 (holotype K!; isotype BK!). Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Ban Pan Mon, Ban Ta Fang, Doi Chiang Dao, Doi Pa Kluai, Doi Inthanon, Doi Lon, Doi Mae Sakut, Doi Meun, Doi Suthep, Mae Klang Falls, Mae Chaem, Mae Rim, Mae Ta, Huai Pan Si, Huai Pu, Pang Fean, Pang Tong, Pong Yaeng, Mae Mae), (Doi Luang, Pang Tong), Kamphaeng Phet (Mae Wong), Lampang (Doi Khun Tan, Chae Son, Mae-A,Mae-A, MaeMae Li,Li, MaeMae Yum,Yum, PaPa MaMa Hao,),Hao), Mae Hong Son (Pai), Nan (Doi Phukha), Phrae (Haui Khamin, Haui Lo, Mae Sae), Phayao (Doi Luang), Sukhothai (Khirimat, Khao Luang), Tak (Thi Lo Su Falls), Uttaradit (Phu Soi Dao); NORTHEASTERN: Khon Kaen (Phu Khieo), Loei (Phu Luang); EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima (Pak Thong Chai); SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi (Ban Chakhae Yai, Khao Liao Long, Railoe, Sangkhla Buri, Tinuai forest protection unit); SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao). Distribution.— Central Myanma and Thailand. Ecology.— In hill evergreen forest or mixed deciduous forest, 900–1,300 m, rarely found in dry evergreen forest; flowering Nov.–May, fruiting Jan.–Aug. Vernacular.— Khem pa (‡¢Á¡ªÉ“) (Chaing Mai), khem phuang komen (‡¢Á¡æ«ß‚°‡¡π) (Northern), khem phuang (‡¢Á¡æ«ß) (Southeastern). Notes.— This species resembles I. spectibilis Wall. ex G.Don but the leaves are usually broader and with more numerous lateral nerves, with conspicuously articulate A CHECKLIST OF THE GENUS IXORA L. (RUBIACEAE) IN THAILAND (V. CHAMCHUMROON) 11 inflorescence and considerably shorter calyx segments. The species is often confused with I. cibdela Craib but the latter has sessile or subsessile leaves, inflorescences with a peduncle not longer than 5 cm and shorter calyx and corolla lobes. Craib’s (1934) var. lepida does not seem worth upholding; it refers to some collections (Winit 1681, etc.) with a shorter corolla tube but which, however, fall in the size range of other specimens.

6. Ixora cambodiana Pit. in H. Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 320. 1924; V. Chamchumroon, Thai For. Bull. (Bot.) 31: 7. 2003. Types: Cambodiana, without locality, Jullien s.n. (syntype P); Vietnam, Co-phah, between Hanoi and Bac-ninh, Balansa s.n. (syntype P). Thailand.— NORTHEASTERN : Nakhon Phanom (Dong Bang-I); EASTERN: Buri Ram (Phanom Dong Rak). Distribution.— Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam. Ecology.— Dry evergreen forest; flowering April–May, fruiting June–July. Notes.— This species is closed to I. diversifolia but I. cambodiana does not produce inflorescence-supporting leaves, and the calyx lobes and corolla tube are longer than in I. diversifolia. Chamchumroon 1472 was collected from a plant cultivated in the Rubiaceae section of the Northeastern Botanical Garden (Dong Fa Haun), Ubon Ratchathani. This plant had originally been collected in Khao Phanom Dong Rak Wildlife Sanctuary, Buri Ram.

7. Ixora cibdela Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 127. 1914; Fl. Siam. 2: 153. 1934; Pit. in H. Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 329. 1924. Type: Thailand, Doi Sutep, Kerr 1706 (holotype K!; isotype BK!).— I. grandifolia Zoll. & Mor. var. glabra Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 394. 1911; Pit. in H. Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 317. 1924. —Type: Thailand, Doi Sutep, Hosseus 178 (holotype K!).—I. collinsae Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew : 127. 1914; Pit. in H. Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 330. 1924. Type: Thailand, Sriracha, Collins 60 (holotype K!).— I. cibdela Craib var. puberula Craib in Fl. Siam. 2: 154. 1934. —Type: Thailand, Trat, Haui Reng, Kerr 17601 (holotype K!; isotype BK!). Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Doi Suthep, Mae Klang, Mon Tha Thong, Wiang Rong, Ob Luang), Lampang (Mae Li, Mae Kam, Mae Yom, Khun Tan), Mae Hong Son, Phrae, Phitsanulok (Phu Miang, Thung Salaeng Luang), Sukhothai (Muang Kao), Tak ( Phumiphol dam, Lan Sang), Uttaradit (Huai Maeng Nao); NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun (Chon Dan, Khao Phaya Po, Buengsamphan, Pak Tok), Loei (Phu Luang), Khon Kaen (Fai Pha Ya Nak, Thap Phaya Suea Falls), Mahasarakham (Pa Khok Dong Khaeng), Mukdahan (Phu Hin Thoep), Nong Khai (Bung Khla), Sakon Nakhon (Kum Phum Falls, Haui Nam Pung), Ubon Ratchathani (Phu Chan Dang); EASTERN: Chaiyaphum (Ban Chilongnaua), Nakhon Ratchasima (Ban Chum Saeng, Huai Thalang, Non Ra Wiang, Pak Thong Chai, Si Kio, Katok, Wang Nam Khieo); SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi (Linthin, Sisawat, Sangkhla Buri), Phetchaburi (Khao Son), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Huai Yang Falls, Hat Wanakorn, Khao Kradai, Pran Buri), Ratchaburi (Ko Lak), Uthai Thani (Huai Kha Khaeng); CENTRAL: Nakhon Nayok (Salika Falls, Nang Rong, Wang Ta Khrai Falls), Nakhon Sawan (Khao Mu Si), Saraburi (Phu Khae, Sam Lan Falls); SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi (Chanthabun, Khlong Narai Falls, Khao Soi Dao, Khao Sabap, Laem Sing, Makham, Khlong Mok, Krathing Falls), 12 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Chon Buri (Chantatrain Falls, Hup Bon, Khao Din, Khao Khieo, Ko Samaesarn, Nong Kae, Nong Yai Bo, Laem Chabang, Satthahip, Sriracha), Prachin Buri (Khao E-To, Haew Narok Falls), Rayong (Ban Phae, Khao Cha Mao), Sa Kaeo (Ang Ruenai, Thap Phaya, Wathana Nakhon), Trat (Ban Rai, Huai Reng, Khao Saming, Ko Chang, Khlong Phlu Falls, Ko Kut, Than Ma Yom Falls); PENINSULAR: Chumphon (Khao Wiang), Surat Thani (Ko Samui). Distribution.— Thailand, Cambodia. Ecology.— Evergreen forest and mixed deciduous forest, 20–1,300 m; flowering Nov.–May, fruiting April–Nov. Vernacular.— Khem ta kai (‡¢¡µ“‰°Á ),à khem pa (‡¢¡ªÁ “É ), khem doi (‡¢¡¥Õ¬Á ). Uses.— Roots, bark and leaves are locally used for medicinal purposes. Notes.— According to Craib this species differs from I. collinsae in having pedunculate inflorescences and laxer flowers (Craib, 1934). This cannot be upheld as inflorescence structure is variable in I. cibdela (peduncle sizes range from relatively long to virtually absent). In addition, I. cibdela var. puberula Craib falls within the range of “typical” cibdela and should, therefore, be reduced to synonym status. Ixora grandifolia var. glabra, originally described from Doi Suthep, has nothing to do with “typical” I. grandifolia, a species from peninsular Thailand, characterized by strikingly different (i.e. non-articulate) inflorescences.

8. Ixora diversifolia Wall. ex Kurz, For. Fl. Burma 2: 22. 1877; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 141. 1880; Ridl., Mat. Fl. Malay Penins. 15: 157. 1923; Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 96. 1923; Pit. in H. Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 315. 1924; Craib, Fl. Siam. 2: 150. 1934. Type: Myanma, Amherst, Wallich 6146 (holotype K!).— I. pendula Jack form 1 Corner, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 11: 226. 1941. Type: Malaysia, no further locality data, Wray 3491 (type SING, not seen). Thailand.— SOUTHWESTERN: Phetchaburi (Torthip Falls); PENINSULAR: Chumphon (Ka Por Falls, Ko Mattra), Ranong (Kapur, Ko Chang), Surat Thani (Ko Phangan, Ko Tao), Phangnga (Khao Tham Thing Lang, Ko Similan), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Phra Mi, Khao Sun, Ko Hin Sung, Ko Kra), Trang (Khao Chong), Satun (Klaun Tan, Thung Wa, Thale Ban), Songkhla (Ton Nga Chang), Pattani (Khao Laivi). Distribution.— Myanma (Tenasserim), Andaman Islands, Malay Peninsula. Ecology.— Evergreen forest, 50–400 m; flowering March–May, fruiting Aug.–Dec. Notes.— The corollas of this species are much shorter than those of I. pendula, moreover, they are white and the leaves are often broader. Nevertheless, the two species appear to be closely allied. Some specimens (e.g. Kerr 13913, Kerr 16610) seem to be atypical forms of this species.

9. Ixora dolichophylla K.Schum., Bot. Tidsskr. 24: 337. 1902; Pit. in H. Lecomte, Fl. Indo- Chine 3: 326. 1924; Craib, Fl. Siam. 2: 155. 1934. Type: Thailand, Ko Chang, Schmidt 813 (holotype C!). Thailand.— SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi (Khung Kraben), Trat (Ko Chang). Distribution.— Endemic to Southeastern Thailand. A CHECKLIST OF THE GENUS IXORA L. (RUBIACEAE) IN THAILAND (V. CHAMCHUMROON) 13

Ecology. — Evergreen forest; flowering Oct.–March, fruiting Feb.– April. Notes.— In the original description, this species was compared with I. fulgens Roxb., but if Kerr 9272 is correctly identified the affinity to I. merguensis Hook.f. is much closer. In general appearance I. dolichophylla and I. merguensis are very similar but the calyx segments of the former are considerably shorter than those of the latter. I. crassifolia Merrill and I. dongnaiensis Pierre are probably also closely allied. It appears to be a very rare species confined to a small area in Trat and neighbouring Chanthaburi Province.

10. Ixora finlaysoniana Wall. ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 572. 1834; Pit. in H. Lecomte, Fl. Indo- Chine 3: 312. 1924; Craib, Fl. Siam. 2: 157. 1934; Corner, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 11: 193. 1941; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java. 2: 162. 1963; Merrill, Fl. Manila.: 451.451. 1968;1968; Corner,Corner,Wayside Wayside trees Mal. 2: 637. 1988; Wong, Tree Fl. Mal. 4: 358. 1989; Ho, C‚ycÛCâycó ViêtnamViätnam 3:3: 218.218. 1993.1993. Type: Thailand, Bangkok, Finlayson s.n. (holotype K!).— I. merguensis Hook.f. var. parvifolia Williams in Bull. Herb. Boiss., Ser. 2: 954. 1905. Type: Thailand, Bangkok, Zimmermann 2828 (holotype(holotype K K!).!). Thailand.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Nan (Tham Pa Tok), Chiang Mai (Ban Pong Noi, Doi Chiang Dao, Mae Rim, Mae Hat), Lampang (Ngao), Phrae (Mae Kon, Mae Kan), Uttaradit (Phudasom), Phitsanulok (Nakhon Thai); NORTHEASTERN: Loei (Wang Saphung), Nong Khai (Bung Khla), Sakon Nakhon (Phu Phan), Kalasin (Ban Din Suan); EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima (Pak Thong Chai, Sakaerat); SOUTHWESTERN: Uthai Thani (Ban Rai, Khao HinHin Daeng),Daeng), RatchaburiRatchaburi (Ban(Ban Pong,Pong, ChomChom Bueng),Bueng), PhetchaburiPhetchaburi (Cha(Cha Am Am), ), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Pran Buri); CENTRAL: Chai Nat, Saraburi (Phu Khae, Sam Lan, Wat Prabat); SOUTHEASTERN: Chon Buri (Hup Farang, Khao Kheio, Nong Yai Bu, Sriracha), Chanthaburi (Pong Nam Ron); PENINSULAR: Trang (Khao Chong), Songkhla (Khao Rak Kiat). Distribution.— India,India, Indochina,Indochina, Thailand.Thailand. Ecology.— Evergreen forest, limestone forest; flowering Jan.–April, fruiting May– July. Vernacular.— Khem phuang khao (‡¢¡æ«ß¢“«),Á khem hom (‡¢¡ÀÕ¡)Á (Chai Nat), khem khao (‡¢¡¢“«)Á (Bangkok), Siamese White Ixora. Uses.— Frequently cultivated as an ornamental all over the country. Notes.— Both I. finlaysoniana and I. umbellata var. multibracteata have rather large, ± foliaceous calyx lobes, but in the latter also the bracteoles subtending individual flowers are large (in contrast, they are smaller and linear in I. finlaysoniana). Kerr 8910, erroneously identified as I. acuminata Roxb. (a species that does not occur in Thailand), belongs here. Because of the species frequent use as an ornamental flowering shrub, the general distribution range given above may not be the natural range but may include non- indigenous material (the type, for example, is undoubtedly from a cultivated plant). At least for Thailand, it can be said with certainty that the species also occurs in natural vegetation.

11. Ixora fusca Geddes, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 172. 1927; Craib, Fl. Siam. 2: 158. 1934. Type: Thailand, Sriracha, Collins 102a (holotype K!; syntype BK!). 14 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Thailand.— NORTHERN: Lampang (Mae Pun, Mae Yom, Mae Sung), Phitsanulok (Kaeng Sopha, Thung Salaeng Luang); NORTHEASTERN: Nong Khai (Phu Tok Noi), Sakon Nakhon (Phu Phan), Kalasin (Ban Kham Bong), Khon Kaen (Pa Dong Lan); EASTERN: Chaiyaphum (Nam Phrom, Chulaphon dam, Phu Khieo), Nakhon Ratchasima (Wang Nam Khieo), Surin; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi (Thung Phra Ruesi); CENTRAL: Bangkok (Bang Phlat), Nakhon Nayok (Heo Su Wat Falls), Saraburi (Sam Lan Falls); SOUTHEASTERN: Sa Kaeo (Khao Takrup), Chon Buri (Ban Dan, Khao Khieo, Nong Pom, Sriracha), Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao); PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Na Ron), Trang (Khao Chong). Distribution.— EndemicEndemic toto Thailand. Thailand. Ecology.— Evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, ca. 100–1,000 m; flowering March–July, fruiting April–Aug. Vernacular. — Khem foi ( ‡¢¡ΩÕ¬)Á (Northeastern). Uses.— Boiled roots are used as tea which supposedly stimulates milk and blood; sliced and cooked root can be used the same way; flowers are taken to temples. Note.— This species is undoubtedly allied to I. nigricans Wight et Arn. It is distinguished from the latter by its longer flower buds and calyx segments which, on average, are rather more than twice as long as the receptacle.

12. Ixora grandifolia Zoll. & Moritzi in A. Moritzi, Syst. Verz.: 65. 1846; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 143. 1880; King && Gamble,Gamble, Mat.Mat. Fl.Fl. MalayMalay Penins.Penins. 15:15: 81.81. 1904;1904; Pit.Pit. inin H.H. Lecomte, Lecomte,Fl. Fl. Indo-Chine 3:3: 316. 1924; Corner, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem.. 11: 197. 1941; Backer & Bakh.f.,Bakh.f., Fl. Java. 2: 327. 1963; Corner, Wayside trees Mal. 2: 637. 1988; Wong, Tree Fl. Mal. 4: 364, 1989; Ho, C‚ycÛCâycó ViêtnamViätnam 3:3: 222. 1993.1993.Type: Type: Indonesia: Java, Salak, Blume 890 (holotype L, not seen).— I. coriacea Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 79: 83. 1918; Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 98. 1923. Type: without locality data, Wallich 6151 (holotype K-W, not seen).— I. crassifolia Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 79: 83. 1918; Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 98. 1923. Type: Malacca, Ayer Panas, Griffith s.n. (holotype SING, not seen).— I. fluminalis Ridley, J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 79: 84. 1918; Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 97. 1923; Craib, Fl. Siam. 2: 157. 1934. Type: Malaysia, Johore, Wallich s.n. (holotype K-W, not seen).— I. elliptica Ridley, Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 98, 1923. Type: Malaysia, Penang, Wallich 6153 (holotype K!).— I. lancifolia Ridley, Journ. Bot. 72: 256. 1934. Type: Malaysia, Pahang, Tahan river, RidleyRidley 22132213 (holotype (holotype SING SING, ,not not seen) seen) Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Ranong (Khlong Nakha), Surat Thani (Bang Bao, Ban Don, Ban Na San, Chieo Lan dam, Khao Sok), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Phra Mi, Thung Song), Trang (Khao Chong), Songkhla (Boripat Falls), Narathiwat (Bang Khung Thong, Bangnara, Waeng, Tak Bai). Distribution.—Myanma, Indochina, Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia. Ecology.— Evergreen and swamp forests, ca. 10–400 m; flowering June–Nov., fruiting Aug.–Jan. Vernacular.— Khem yai (‡¢Á¡„À≠à), khem daeng (‡¢Á¡·¥ß) (Bangkok, Peninsular), ta chai bai yaiyai (µ“‰™„∫„À≠(µ“‰™„∫„À≠)à à) (Trang).(Trang). A CHECKLIST OF THE GENUS IXORA L. (RUBIACEAE) IN THAILAND (V. CHAMCHUMROON) 15

Uses.— Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental (especially in the Peninsula). Notes.— Ixora grandifolia has a leaf shape that is similar to that of I. brunnescens but differs in floral characters (the latter has a shorter corolla tube). This species is the only Thai Ixora which occurs in Peat Swamp forest. It is also the tallest species (trees to 8 m high, with a trunk ca. 10 cm in dia. at breast height).

13. Ixora henryi H. Lâv., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13. 178. 1914; Pit. in H. Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 324. 1923; V. Chamchumroon, Thai For. Bull. (Bot.) 31: 8. 2003. Types: China, Yunnan, A. Henry 11637 (syntype K!); China, Guizhou, Lou-fou, March 1909, Cavalerie 3496 (syntype K!). Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Rai (Doi Langka), Lampang (Chae Son), Nan (Doi Phukha); NORTHEASTERN: Loei (Phu Ruea); SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi (Khao Lieo Long). Distribution.— China (Guizhou, Yunnan), Thailand. Ecology.— Along streams in hill evergreen forest; flowering Nov.– April, fruiting April–July. Note.— This species is very closely allied to I. stricta Roxb. but differs in having longer stipules. I. henryi had previously been though to be endemic to Southwestern China but has now also been discovered in Northern, Northeastern and Southwestern Thailand.

14. Ixora javanica (Blume) DC., Prodr. 4: 487. 1830; Craib, Fl. Siam. 2: 158. 1934; Corner, Wayside trees Mal. 1: 546. 1940; Corner, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 11: 206. 1941; Backer.& Bakh.f., Fl. Java 2: 325. 1963; Wong, Tree Fl. Mal. 4: 360. 1989. Type: [Indonesia: Java] Batavia Res., Salak, Blume 1914 (holotype L, not seen).— I. amoena Wall. ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 571. 1834; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 146. 1880; Pit. in H. Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 328. 1924; Craib, Fl. Siam. 2: 149. 1934; Corner, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 11: 182. 1941. – Type: Malay Peninsula, Penang, Wallich 6121 (holotype K-W, not seen).— I. stricta Roxb. var. blumeana Kurz., For. Fl. Burma 2: 26. 1877; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 146. 1880. Type: [“Sri Lanka”] India, Calcutta Garden, Wallich 6124 (holotype K-W, not seen).— I. javanica (Blume) DC. var. multinervia Corner, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem.. 11: 206. 1941. Type: Malaysia, , Kota Bahru, Corner 33438 (holotype SING, not seen).— I. javanica (Blume) DC. var. paucinervia Corner, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 11: 206. 1941. Type: Malaysia, Pahang, Telok Sisek, Burkill & Haniff s.n. (holotype SING, not seen) Thailand.— NORTHERN: Lampang (Mae Yom), Tak (Lan Sang) ; NORTHEASTERN: Maha Sarakham (Pa Khok Dong Khaeng), Nakhon Phanom (Tha Uten), Nong Khai (Phon Phisai, Phu Wua), Sakon Nakhon (Phu Phan), Udon Thani (Nong Bua); EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima (Si Kio, Wang Nam Khieo), Surin (Sangkla), Yasothon (Chatuphak Phiman), Si Sa Ket (Kanthararom), Ubon Ratchathani (Khong Chiam); SOUTHWESTERN: Prachuap Khiri Khan (Bang Saphan Yai); CENTRAL: Saraburi (Sam Lan Falls), Nakhon Nayok (Salika Falls, Khao Yai) ; SOUTHEASTERN: Sa Kaeo (Watthana Nakhon), Prachin Buri (Kabin Buri), Chon Buri (Si Racha, Satthahip, Khao Kheio, Ko Chan), Rayong (Ban Phe), Chanthaburi 16 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

(Bo Rai, Chantabun, Khao Pha Baht Phaung, Khao Soi Dao, Makham, Pong Nam Ron), Trat (Ban Dan Chumphon, Ban Sa Phan Hin, Klong Num Si, Klong Phu Falls, Ko Chang, Than Mayom Falls); PENINSULAR: Chumphon (Khao Phang, Khao Din, Ko Mattra, Lang Suan, Pha To, Pa Wi Sai, Pa Ya Mei Falls), Ranong (La-un, Ngao Falls, Punyaban Falls, Khlong Naka, Ko Deleale, Muang, Research center of mangrove), Surat Thani (Adang, Bangbao, Ban Don, Chaiya, Khao Phanom, Khao Sok, Khlong Yan, Khian Sa, Ko Tao), Phangnga (Khao Nang Hong, Ton Dang Falls, Nai Chong, Takuapa), Phuket (Kamala, Thalang), Krabi (Khao Phanom Bencha, Muang, Nai Chong), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Ban Khiriwong, Khao Luang, Khao Kao, Khao Phra Mi, Ko Kra, Karom Falls, Phrommalok Falls, Ron Phibun, Walailak University), Phatthalung (Chong, Khao Pu Khao Ya, Srinakkharin, Thamot), Trang (Ang Thong Falls, Khao Chong, Sikao, Thung Khai, Ton Tae Falls), Satun (Ko Tarutao, Khuan Kalong, Khuan Po, Ko Kabeng, Thale Ban), Songkhla (Ban Pak Nam Thepha, Boriphat Falls, Hat Yai, Khao Ko Hong, Khao Motdaeng, Khao Maew, Chana, Muang-Ngam beach, Padang Besar, Ton Plio Falls), Yala (Ban Chulaphon Phatthana 7, Banglang, Bannang Sata, Than To), Narathiwat (Bacho, Bang Nara, Bukit Tamong, Ruso, Muang, Nikhom Waeng, Klong Iga Deng, Tak Bai, To Mo). Distribution.— China, India, Malay Peninsula, Indonesia. Ecology.— Common in evergreen forest and secondary forest, 10 –1200 m; flowering and fruiting Jan.–Dec. Vernacular.— Khem (‡¢¡)Á (Nakhon Si Thammarat); khem thong (‡¢¡∑Õß)Á , khem saet, khem daeng (‡¢Á¡·¥ß) (Peninsular); pue-cho-pu-yo (∫◊Õ‡®“–ªŸ‚¬–), ya-rang (¬“√“ß) (Malay- Narathiwat); Glossy Ixora. Uses.— The roots are locally boiled for medicinal purposes. Notes.— Craib (1934) kept I. amoena separate from I. javanica, stating that the latter has longer stipules (but he did not give measurements of stipule lengths). Hooker used “laxer habit and longer lanceolate, more membranous leaves” as characters to distinguish I. amoena. I. javanica, however, is very variable in these characters so that it becomes impossible to draw a line of distinction between these two species. Stipule lengths of I. javanica, for example, range from 1 to 8 mm, and even within individual populations stipule lengths vary, depending on whether a plant grows in shade or full sun. I, therefore, agree with Corner’s treatment of I. amoena as a synonym of I. javanica. Forms of I. chinensis (plants only known as cultivated ornamentals in Thailand) can be very similar to I. javanica but differ in having very shortly petiolate leaves and flowers with ovate corolla lobe. Corner (1941) distinguished 3 varieties and 30 forms of I. javanica. It hardly seems worthwhile to uphold all of these. They merely reflect the variability of the species (shape and size of leaves; corolla tube length; corolla lobe size and shape). I have transplanted living specimens (with small leaves) from a shady river bank to a sunny, open place and noticed that the leaves soon become much larger and wider. A CHECKLIST OF THE GENUS IXORA L. (RUBIACEAE) IN THAILAND (V. CHAMCHUMROON) 17

15. Ixora kerrii Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 128. 1914; Pit. in H. Lecomte, Fl. Indo- Chine 3: 326. 1924; Craib, Fl. Siam. 2: 159. 1934. Type: Thailand, Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep, Kerr 1745, 1745a (syntypes K!; BK!). Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Doi Intanon, Doi Angka, Doi Mon Chong, Doi Suthep, Pa Mon, Huai Lichia, Huai Maeni, Mae Chaem, Muang), Kamphaeng Phet (Mae Wong); SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi (Huai Lichia, Khao Ri Yai, Khao Yai, Khao Ngi Yai, Kriti, Sangkhla Buri, Sisawat). Distribution.—Myanma, Thailand. Ecology.— Hill evergreen forest, 1,000–1,400 m; flowering Jan.–April, fruiting unknown. Vernacular.— Khem son kan (‡¢¡´Á Õπ°à “π)â (Northern). Note.— Distinguished from I. stricta Roxb. by the shorter corolla tube and the closely reflexed corolla lobes.

16. Ixora lakshnakarae Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 428. 1932; Fl. Siam. 2: 160. 1934. Type: Thailand, Narathiwat, To Mo, Lakshnakara 688 (holotype K!; syntype BK!). Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Narathiwat (Nikhom Waeng, To Mo). Distribution.— Endemic to Thailand. Ecology.— Evergreen forest, ca. 200 m; flowering Dec., fruiting unknown. Note.— The species appear to be close to I. betongensis Craib but is distinguished by its longer calyx segments. I. lakshnakarae differs from I. umbellata var. multibracteata by having hirsute hairs on the leaves and inflorescence axes.

17. Ixora lobbii King & Gamble, Mat. Fl. Malay Penins. 15: 152. 1904; Ridl. Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 93. 1923; Pit. in H. Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 329. 1924; Craib, Fl. Siam. 2: 160. 1934; Corner, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 11: 216. 1941; Corner, Wayside trees Mal. 1: 146. 1952; Wong, Tree Fl. Mal. 4: 361. 1989.—Type: Malay Peninsula, no further locality data, Lobb s.n. (holotype SING, not seen).— I. lobbii var. angustifolia King & Gamble, J. & Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 23: 79. 1904; Craib, Fl. Siam. 2: 160. 1934; King & Gamble, Mat. Fl. Malay Penins. 15: 79. 1941.—Types: Singapore, no further locality data, Wray 519 (syntype SING, not seen), Scortechini 1893 (syntype SING, not seen), King 2718 (syntype SING, not seen), Ridley 2215 (syntype SING, not seen).— I. aurorea var. major Ridley, Jour. Bot. 72: 252. 1934. Type: Malay Peninsula, Johore, Mohammed Nur 20007 (holotype SING, not seen). Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Chumphon (Tha Sae, Ya Mai Falls), Ranong (La-un, Khao Nam Ron, Khlong Nakha), Surat Thani (Bang Bao, Huai Num Tao), Phangnga (Khao Nang Hong), Satun (Khlong Kewt, Thale Ban), Pattani (Betong), Yala. Distribution.— Peninsular Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Borneo, Sumatra, Natuna Island. Ecology.— Evergreen forest, 100–200 m, mostly along streams; flowering and fruiting Jan.–Dec. 18 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Vernacular.— Khem don (‡¢¡¥Õπ)Á (Satun), khem daeng (‡¢¡·¥ß)Á (Surat Thani, Yala); cha-pu-yo (®–ªŸ‚¬) (Malay-Narathiwat); tu-do-bu-yo-bu-ke (µÿ‚¥∫ÿ‚¬∫Ÿ‡°ä–) (Malay); Glossy Ixora. Uses.— Occasionally cultivated as an ornamental (especially in the Peninsula). Notes.— This species had previously been attributed to Loudon, but in his publication there is no description (Encycl. Suppl. II, p. 1543). Loudon had based his name on Pavetta lobbii Teysm. et Binn., which is also a nomen nudum. Hence, King and Gamble were to first ones to validly describe the species. The narrowly obovate, acuminate, many-veined, dark glossy green leaves and the acute petals will generally distinguish I. lobbii. But there are narrow-leafed collections of I. congesta which seem to approach I. lobbii and also forms of I. javanica with many-veined leaves which may resemble I. lobbii, especially if they also have acuminate blades and pointed petals.

18. Ixora lucida R.Br. ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 148. 1880; Craib, Fl. Siam. 2: 160. 1934. Type: Malaysia, Penang, Wallich 6135 (holotype K!). The species is divided into two varieties which can be distinguished primarily by indumentum characters:

KEY TO THE VARIETIES

Puberulous corolla tube and naked corolla-mouth var. lucida Densely puberulous corolla tube and heavily bearded corolla-mouth var. densipila

var. lucida I. nigricans R.Br. ex Wight & Arn. var. ovalis Pit., Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 322. 1924; Corner, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 11: 224. 1941; Wong, Tree Fl. Mal. 4 :359. 1989. Type: Vietnam, Tan-huyen, de Bien-hoa, Pierre s.n. (holotype P, not seen).— I. ebarbata Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 427. 1932; Fl. Siam. 2: 156. 1934. Type: Thailand, Ranong, Khao Talu, Kerr 11829 (holo? lectotype K!).— I. straminea Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 427. 1932; Fl. Siam 2: 156. 1934. Type: Thailand, Trang, Khao Sung, Kerr 15233 (holo? lectotype K!). Thailand.— NORTHERN: Lampang (Hai Rua), Tak (Lan Sang); SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi (Erawan, Hin Dat, Sisawat), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Bang Sa Phan, Huai Yang Falls); PENINSULAR: Chumphon (Bang Son), Ranong (Khao Dam, Khao Po Ta Laung Kaeo, Khao Thalu), Surat Thani (Bang Bat, Bucang Balp, Ko Pha-ngan, Ko Tao, Khao Phra Rahu, Khao Sok, Khirirat Nikhom), Phang Nga (Takua Thung), Krabi (Klong Chilat), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Karom Falls, Khao Namhom, Khao Luang, Thung Song), Phatthalung (Khao Ha Tek, Khao Pu Khao Ya), Satun (Khuan Kalong), Songkhla (Boriphat Falls), Trang (Lo Lung, Lamphura, Khao Chong), Pattani (Bukit, Khao Kalakhiri), Yala (Ban Niang, Betong, Nikhom Kua Long), Narathiwat (Bacho, Waeng). Distribution.— Indochina, Thailand, Malaysia. Ecology.— Evergreen forest, limestone, 100–1,000 m; flowering May–Dec., fruiting unknown. A CHECKLIST OF THE GENUS IXORA L. (RUBIACEAE) IN THAILAND (V. CHAMCHUMROON) 19

Vernacular.— Khem khao (‡¢Á¡¢“«), khem plai san (‡¢Á¡ª≈“¬ “π), khem phra ram (‡¢¡æ√–√“¡Á ), khem mai ( ‡¢¡‰¡Á ).â Uses— Roots are used to stimulate appetite and to treat eye-illness. Notes.— Both Corner and Wong included I. lucida under I. nigricans var. ovalis, a view that is not shared by the author (Corner, 1941; Wong, 1989). Although I. lucida bears certain resemblances to I. nigricans (such as leaves drying blackish and lax, corymbose inflorescences), it seems sufficiently different to be recognized at the species level. It differs, amongst other characters, in having broader leaves.

var. densipila Craib, Fl. Siam. 2 : 161. 1934. Type: Thailand, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thungsong, Khao Namhon Keo, Rabil 223 (holotype K!; isotype BK!). Thailand.— NORTHERN: Lampang (Hat Rua); NORTHEASTERN: Nong Khai (Bueng Kan); SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi (Erawan Falls, Hin Dat, Khao Salop, Lin Thin, Mae Nam Noi, Sisawat, Thung Phra Ruesi), Ratchaburi (Thung Kang Yang); PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Thung Song). Distribution.— Thailand. Ecology.— Dry evergreen forest, 200–900 m; flowering March–June, fruiting unknown. Notes.— Var. densipila appears to be merely a more densely hairy variety of I. lucida. Some collections (e.g. Winit 1907 and Put 77) appear to approach I. brandisiana Kurz, a species only occurring to the West of Thailand, but differ in having distinctly petiolate leaves and shorter calyx lobes.

19. Ixora merguensis Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 140. 1880; King & Gamble, Mat. Fl. Malay Penins. 15: 72. 1921; Brandis, Ind. Trees: 388. 1921; Pit. in H. Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 310. 1924; Craib, Fl. Siam. 2:161. 1934. Type: Myanma, Mergui, Griffith 3003 (holotype K!). Thailand.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son (Mae Sariang), Tak (Ti Lo Su Falls); PENINSULAR: Chumphon (Tha Sae), Ranong (Hok Hang, La-un, Lumluen, Tap Li), Phangnga (Thap Put), Satun (Ko Tarutao). Distribution.— Myanma, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Indochina. Ecology.— Evergreen forest, 50–400 m; flowering Dec.–April, fruiting March. Vernacular.— Ka ho (°“ŒÕ) (Ranong); khem khieo (‡¢Á¡‡¢’¬«), khem chang (‡¢Á¡™â“ß) (Phangnga). Note.— This species differs from its allies in having lanceolate bracts and sepals.

20. Ixora nigricans R. Br. ex Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. 1: 428. 1834; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 148–149. 1880; Bremek., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buit. 3: 282. 1937; Corner, Wayside trees Mal. 1: 547. 1940; Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 11: 223. 1941; Backer & Bakh.f in Fl. Java. 2: 326. 1963; Wong, Tree Fl. Mal. 4: 359. 1989. Type: Malay Peninsula, Wight 1335 (holotype K, not seen).— I. erubescens Wall. ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. 3: 571. 1834; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3:149. 20 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

1880; Brandis, Ind. Trees, 389. 1921. Type: Myanmar, Tenasserim, Wallich 6143 (holotype K-W, not seen).— I. affinis Wall. ex G. Don., Gen. Syst. 3: 571. 1834; Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum. 2(2): 147. 1934. Nom. non valide publ. (in commentario ad I. erubescentem).— I. plumea Ridley, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 59: 117. 1911. Type: Malay Peninsula, Perlis, Ridley 14995 (syntype SING, not seen).— I. nigricans R. Br. Ex Wight et Arn. var. erubescens (Wall. ex G. Don) Kurz, For. Fl. Burma 2: 23. 1877. Nom. non valide publ. (see I. erubescens, above).— I. arguta R. Br. ex King & Gamble, Mat. Fl. Malay Penins. 15: 74. 1904; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 92. 1923. Type: South India, no locality, Wallich 6154, 6157 (syntypes K-W, not seen).— I. nigricans R. Br. ex Wight et Arn. var. arguta (R. Br.) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 149. 1880. Type: South India, no locality, Wallich 6157 (syntype K-W, not seen).— I. affinis Wall. ex G. Don var. arguta (R. Br. ex King & Gamble) Craib, Fl. Siam. 2 : 147. 1934.— I. affinis Wall. ex G. Don var. plumea (Ridley) Craib, Fl. Siam. 2: 148. 1934. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son (Doi Bohoe), Phitsanulok (Thung Salaeng Luang), Kamphaeng Phet (Klong Lan); NORTHEASTERN: Mukdahan (Phu Pha Yon); EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima (Ban Chum Saeng), Si Sa Ket (Kantharalak, Pa Ban Nong Chok), Ubon Ratchathani (Chong Mek, Khong Chiam); SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi (Erawan Falls, Mae Nam Noi, Khao Salop, Khao Ngi Yai, Sangkhla Buri, Thong Pha Phum), Prachuap Khiri Khan (Huai Yang, Pa La-u); CENTRAL: Chai Nat, Saraburi (Phu Khae, Sam Lan Falls), Nakhon Nayok (Salika Falls), Bangkok (Bang Phlat), Samut Prakan (Bang Ka Chao, Phra Pradaeang); SOUTHEASTERN: Sa Kaeo (Khao Takrup, Watananakorn), Chachoengsao (Chukcher), Chon Buri (Ban Dan, Chan Ta Than Falls, Khao Khiew), Chanthaburi (Khao Pra Bat, Khao Sabap, Khao Soi Dao, Klung), Trat (Khao Kuap, Khlong Phu Falls, Ko Chang); PENINSULAR: Chumphon (Bang Son, Khao Kiap, Tha Sae), Ranong (Cham Cheng, Khlong Nakha, Nam Pu Ron, Hat Prapas, Ho Hang, Thap Li), Surat Thani (Ban Don, Ban Na, Bangbao, Kanchanadit, Khao Tok, Ko Phang-nga, Na San, Viphavadi Falls), Krabi (Ko Pi Pi, Khao Phanom Bencha, Khao No Chuchi), Phangnga (Khao Katalawan, Khao Phangnga, Khao Lak Lam Ru, Ko Kutalaken, Ko Tachai, Khao Nang Hong), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Krung Ching Falls, Karom Falls, Khao Luang, Khiri Wong, Phrom Lok Falls, Tha Pra Falls, Tha Sala, Walailak University), Phatthalung (Khao Pu Khao Ya), Satun (Ban Tan, Khuan Ka long), Songkhla (Ban Klang, Boripat Falls, Hat Yai, Khao Ko Hong, Na Thawi, Ton Nga Chang), Trang (Ban Bun Phrai, Lamphura, Khao Chong, Khao Banthat), Pattani (Sai Khao), Yala (Ban Niang, Bang Lang), Narathiwat (Bacho, Chatwarin, Waeng). Distribution.— India, Myanma, Thailand, Indochina, Malay Peninsula. Ecology.— Evergreen forest, 100–700 m; flowering Jan.–Sept., fruiting Aug.–Dec. Vernacular.— Khem tut ma (‡¢¡µÁ ¥À¡“)Ÿ , khem phut ma (‡¢¡æÁ ¥À¡“)Ÿ (Sukhothai); khem nam (‡¢¡πÁ È”) (Surat Thani, Yala). Notes. — For reasons unknown, Craib (1934) did not recognize I. nigricans but instead used the invalid name I. affinis (the latter in fact is the same taxon as the validly published I. erubescens). The common and widely distributed species is variable, and none of the numerous varieties described under I. nigricans or its synonyms deserves recognition, as already indicated by Bremekamp (1937a). This species is apparently allied to Ixora fusca but the calyx lobes of the latter are longer and the anthers shorter. A CHECKLIST OF THE GENUS IXORA L. (RUBIACEAE) IN THAILAND (V. CHAMCHUMROON) 21

21. Ixora opaca Wall. ex G. Don, Gen. Sys., 2: 573. 1834; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 147. 1880; Pit. in H. Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 328. 1924; Craib, Fl. Siam. 2: 163. 1934. Type: Malay Peninsula, Penang, Wallich 6141 (holotype K!).— I. pendula Jack var. opaca (Wall. ex G.Don) Ridl., Fl. Mal. Pen. 2: 96. 1923.— I. opaca Wall. ex G. Don var. major Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum. 2(2): 163. 1934. Type: Thailand, Ranong, Khao Po Ta Luang Khaew, Kerr 16910 (holotype K!) Thailand.— SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi (Klang Wa, Khao Salom); PENINSULAR: Chumphon (Bang Son, Map Ammarit, Khao Nom Sao, Phato), Ranong (Khao Po Ta Luang Kaeo, Nam Pu Ron, Tap Li), Surat Thani (Ban Khaokep, Bucang Balp, Chaiya, Khao Phra Rahu, Khao Sok), Phangnga (Ban Tham Thing Lang, Takuapa, Tong Dang Falls), Krabi (Nai Chong, Khao Phanom Bencha), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Phrom Lok Falls, Karom Falls, Khao Luang, Khiri Wong), Satun (Ko Adang, Ko Tarutao), Songkhla (Hat Yai), Trang (Khao Chong, Lam Lung), Pattani (Bukit), Narathiwat (Waeng). Distribution.— Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia Ecology.— Evergreen forest, 100–1,600 m; flowering July-March, fruiting Jan.-May. Notes.— Ixora opaca clearly differs from I. pendula by having erect inflorescences and (much) shorter peduncles. Moreover, it is distinguished from I. pendula by its glabrous pedicels, calyces and corolla tubes, and by its narrower leaves. Ridley’s opinion that I. opaca should be considered a high altitude variety of I. pendula cannot be shared. Some specimens from high elevations (Geesink, Hiepko, Charoenphol 7657; Kerr 15781; Kerr 16910; Kerr 17528) differ from lowland forms by their leaf shape and texture.

22. Ixora pendula Jack in Mal. Misc. 5: 11. 1820; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 141. 1880; Ridl., Mat. Fl. Malay Penins 15: 151. 1923; Fl. Malay Penins. 2: 95. 1923. Type: Malay Peninsula, Penang, Wallich 6127 (neotype K!).— I. parkinsoniana Craib, Kew Bull.: 428. 1923; Fl. Siam. 2: 163. 1934. Type: Thailand, Surathani, Yangao, Kerr 1870 (holotype K!; isotype BK!).— I. candida Ridl., J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 10: 141. 1920; Fl. Malay Penins 2: 95. 1923; Craib, Fl. Siam. 2: 153. 1934. Type: Thailand, Tarutao, Telok Wau, Robinson (holotype SING, not seen). Thailand.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son (Doi Bo Hae), Kamphaeng Phet; SOUTHWESTERN: Prachuap Khiri Khan (Huai Yang Falls); PENINSULAR: Chumphon (Paknam Chumphon), Ranong (Klong Na Kha, Khao Pawta Luang Kaew, Kapur, Ko Chang), Surat Thani (Bang Bao, Ko Samui, Ko Pa Ngan, Ko Tao, Klong Sok), Phangnga (Ko Similan), Phuket (Ka Tu Falls), Krabi (Khao No Chu Chi, Khlong Thom, , Khao Phanom Bencha), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Cha Wang, Ko Kra, Khao Luang, Khao Phra Mi, Thung Song), Phatthalung (Chong), Trang (Khao Chong, Ko Kradan, Ko Li Bong, Ko Ra, Ton Tae Falls, Ang Thong Falls, Thale Song Hong), Satun (Ko Tarutao, Klaung Ton, Thung Wa, Thale Ban), Songkhla (Boriphat Falls, Hat Yai, Khao Ko Hong, Ton Nga Chang), Pattani (Khao Kala Khiri, Sai Kaeo), Narathiwat (Waeng, Chatwarin Falls). Distribution.—Myanma, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Indonesia. Ecology.— Evergreen forest, 100–1300 m; flowering Dec.–July, fruiting May– Dec. Vernacular.— Khem phuang (‡¢¡æ«ß)Á (Trang), khem ma lai (‡¢¡¡“≈Á ¬— )(Surat Thani). 22 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Notes.— This species is easily distinguished from all Thai Ixoras by having hanging inflorescences with long, slender, pendulous peduncles. There is often a whorl of lanceolate bracteoles near the base of the inflorescence and there are usually inflorescence-supporting leaves.

23. Ixora phuluangensis V. Chamchumroon, Thai For. Bull. (Bot.) 33: 8. 2005. Type: Thailand, Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary, Loei, 1400 m alt., Wongprasert s.n (holotype BKF!). Thailand.— NORTHEASTERN: Loei (Phu Luang). Distribution.— EndemicEndemic toto Thailand. Thailand. Ecology.— Uncommon along streams in hill evergreen forest, 1,400–1,800 m; flowering Jan.–Feb., fruitingfruiting Feb.Feb. Vernacular.—Khem dong (‡¢¡¥ß)Á (Loei). Notes.— This new species belongs to the group of Ixora species with sessile inflorescences and is distinguished from I. cibdela by its lanceolate calyx lobes and shorter corolla lobes. Ixora phuluangensis is endemic to Thailand and is only known from Loei Province, where it is only found from high elevations in the Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary. The species is named of location (Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary).

24. Ixora umbellata Koorders et Valeton, Bijdr. Booms. Java 8: 162. 1902; Corner, Wayside trees Mal. 2: 638. 1952; Wong, Tree Fl. Mal. 4: 358. 1989. Type: Java, Hallier 719 (holotype ? B, not seen).

KEY TO THE VARIETIES

Inflorescence bracts and calyx lobes 3–6 mm long var. umbellata Inflorescence bracts and calyx lobes 6–12 mm long var. multibracteata According to our present state of knowledge, var. umbellata is confined to the Malay Peninsula while var. multibracteata is more widely distributed and is also recorded from Peninsular Thailand.

var. multibracteata (H. Pearson ex King & Gamble) Corner, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 11: 234. 1941; Wong, Tree Fl. Mal. 4: 359. 1989; Ho, C‚ycÛCâycó ViêtnamViätnam 3:3: 225. 1993.1993.Type: Type: see below.— I. multibracteata H.H. Pearson exex King & Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist., 73: 74 . 1904; Mat. Fl. Malay Penins. 15: 74 (148)]; Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 15: 148. 1932; Fl. Malay Pen., 2: 92; Pit., Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 311. 1924; Craib, Fl. Siam. 2:162. 1934. Types: Malaysia, Kedah, Curtis 3408 (syntype SING, not seen), Curtis 2954 (syntype SING, not seen), Curtis 3408 (syntype SING, not seen), Ridley 5540 (syntype SING, not seen), Wray 3317 (syntype SINGSING,, not not seen). seen). Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Surat Thani (Bang Bat, Khao Pranom, Ko Tao, Khirirat Nikhom, Ko Samui, Tha Chana, To Rong Chang), Krabi (Khao Pra Bang Kram, Khao Phanom A CHECKLIST OF THE GENUS IXORA L. (RUBIACEAE) IN THAILAND (V. CHAMCHUMROON) 23

Bencha), Nakhon Si Thammarat (Khao Dao, Krung Ching, Muang, Pak Ching, Thung Song), Phatthalung (Khao Olatalu), Trang (Khao Chong), Satun (Ko Tarutao). Distribution.— Indochina, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia. Ecology.— Evergreen forest, 50–1,100 m; flowering Jan.–April, fruiting unknown. Vernacular.— Khem chang (‡¢¡™Á “ß)â (Surat Thani), khem yai (‡¢¡„À≠Á )à (Satun). Notes.— This species appears to be allied to I. kingstoni Hook.f. (a species not occurring in Thailand) but has less membranous leaves. Amongst Thai Ixoras, the species is readily distinguished by the numerous bracteoles below the flowers and by the large imbricate bracts at the bases of the ultimate branchlets. The larger bracts and sepals distinguish this variety from typical I. umbellata.

25. Ixora sp. 1 Thailand.— SOUTHWESTERN: Prachuap Khiri Khan (La-U Falls). Distribution.— Only known from Thailand. Ecology.— Evergreen forest, 900 m; flowering unknown, fruiting Aug. Notes.— This taxon is currently only known from a single collection. As some of its character states are still unknown (good flowering material is missing), I refrain from formally describing it as a new species.

26. Ixora sp. 2 Thailand.— SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi (Khao Soi Dao). Distribution.— Only known from Southeastern Thailand. Ecology.— Evergreen forest, 800 m; flowering unknown, fruiting June. Notes.— This taxon is currently only known from a single collection. As some of its character states are still unknown (good flowering material is missing), I refrain from formally describing it as a new species. The taxon differs from all other Thai Ixora species in having unusually large leaves. Similarities in calyx shape and size may indicate a relationship to I. finlaysoniana.

27. Ixora sp. 3 Thailand.— NORTHEASTERN: Nong Khai (Phu Wua). Distribution.— Only known from Nong Khai Province (Phu Wua), Thailand. Ecology.— Evergreen forest, 600 m; flowering unknown; fruiting Nov. Notes.— This taxon, only collected once and incompletely known (only young fruits and fallen flowers seen), might be allied to I. lucida but differs by being densely puberulous on the inflorescence. A formal description as a new species is withheld until good flowering material and mature fruits are available. 24 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am grateful to the curators of following herbaria: AAU, BK, BKF, C, K, PSU, QBG, W and WU for access to specimens. I would like to express my whole gratitude to Assist. Prof. Dr. Srunya Vajarodhya, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lily Kaveeta, Dr. Kongkanda Chayamarit and Prof. Dr. Christian Puff for their valuable advice and critical discussion.

REFERENCES

Boonbundral, S. (1978). A Primary on Taxonomy of the genus Ixora in Thailand. M.S. thesis, Chulalongkorn University. Bangkok. (in Thai). Bremekamp, C.E.B. (1937a). The Malaysian species of the genus Ixora (Rubiaceae). Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Ser. 3, 14: 197–367. ______. (1937b). The Ixora species of Burma and the Andaman Islands. J. Bot. (London) 75: 108–111, 169–175, 260–266, 295–298, 318–326. Corner, E.J.H. (1941). Notes on the Systematy and Distribution of Malayan Phanerogams, 4: “Ixora” In the Gardens Bulletin of the Straits Settlements. Vol. 11 (3). Singapore Botanic Gardens. pp. 177–235. ______. (1952). “Ixora Linn.” In Wayside Trees of Malaya. Vol. 1. Government Printing office, Singapore. pp. 542–547. Craib, W.G.. (1932). Contributions to the flora of Siam. Additamentum 33, 34, 35, 36, 37. Kew Bulletin 1932: 137–49, 276. Craib, W.G. and A.F.G. Kerr. (1934). “Ixora Linn.” In Florae Siamensis Enumeratio. Vol. 2. Siam Society. Bangkok. pp. 147–165. Govaerts, R., Ruhsam, M., Andersson, L., Robbrecht, E., Bridson, D., Davis, A., Schanzer, I. & Sonkâ, B. (2006). World Checklist of Rubiaceae. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; http://www.kew.org/wcsp/ rubiaceae/ accessed 26 September 2006. Holmgren, P.K. & Holmgren, N.H. (1990). Index Herbariorum. Part 1: the Herbaria of the World. 8th Edition. NYBG Press, New York. Wong, K.M. (1989). Rubiaceae in Tree flora of Malaya (Vol. 4), In F.S.P. Ng, ed. Malaya Forest Records no. 26, Forest Research Institute Malaysia. Longman, Malaysia. pp. 356 –364. THAI FOR. BULL. (BOT.) 34: 25–37. 2006.

Five species of () new for Thailand

BHANUMASBHANUMAS CHANTARASUWAN* CHANTARASUWAN* && SIRIPORN THONG–AREE**THONG–AREE **

ABSTRACT. Five species of Ficus L.: F. araneosa King, F. binnendijkii (Miq.) Miq., F. depressa Blume, F. dubia Wall. ex King and F. beccarii King are newly recorded for Thailand. All species are described and illustrated.

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

In 2002 and 2003 a project on the investigation of species diversity of Ficus L. in Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary was launched and seven unusual species of Ficus were collected from Bala forest, Narathiwat, Thailand (Table 1). The identifications were confirmed using the monumental works of Berg (2003a, 2003b, 2003c, 2003d, 2004), Berg and Corner (2005) Corner (1960, 1961, 1965), King (1887, 1888) and Ridley (1924). Five species are herein identified as new for Thailand (Table 1) and are keyed out to subgenus or section below. The identities of the other two species of sect. Sycocarpus, which are likely to be new for Thailand, are still under investigation. Specimens are deposited in the herbarium of the Thailand Natural History Museum (THNHM). The Bala forest is a part of Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary, in Narathiwat and Yala provinces, peninsular Thailand. The area is adjacent to Balum forest, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. The vegetation type is tropical evergreen rain forest at an elevation of about 100–950 m.

KEY TO SUBGENUS/SECTION FOR THE 5 FICUS SPECIES NEW FOR THAILAND

1. Plants monoecious; the fig containing pistillate flowers with different style lengths and staminate (or neuter) flowers; leaves usually spirally arranged Subg. Urostigma 1. Plant (gyno)dioecious; the figs containing either staminate and pistillate flowers with short styles or only pistillate flowers with long styles (or also neuter flowers); leaves often distichous or (sub)opposite 2. Root-climbers, usually with pronounced leaf dimorphy (leaves usually asymmetric), stamens 2 (or 3) Subg. Synoecia Sect. Rhizocladus 2. Tree or shrubs without aerial roots and without leaf dimorphy, lamina hairy and/or the margin dentate to denticulate, waxy glands mostly in the axils of lateral veins in the middle of the lamina Subg. Sycomorus Sect. Sycocarpus

* Thailand Natural History Museum, National Science Museum, Khlong 5, Khlong Laung, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand. ** Hala–Bala Wildlife Research Station, P.O. Box 3, Waeng, Narathiwat 96160, Thailand. 26 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

FICUS subgenus SYNOECIA section RHIZOCLADUS

Ficus araneosa King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 1(2): 136, t. 170. 1888; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 345. 1924; Berg & Corner in Fl. Males. 17(2): 522–523. 2005. Figs. 1, 6A. Root-climber. Young branches densely covered with grey-villous hairs, old glabrous. Leafy twig 3 – 3.5 mm thick. Leaves distichous; lamina elliptic to ovate, 6.5–9 x 2.5–3.6 cm, symmetric, coriaceous, apex acute to acuminate, base rounded, margin entire, revolute; upper surface glabrous or tomentose on the midrib, lower surface densely grey-villous; lateral veins 4–5 pairs, the basal pair up to 1/2–3/5 the length of the lamina, tertiary venation reticulate, areoles small; waxy gland in the axils of the basal lateral veins and axils of some other lateral veins; petiole 0.7–1 cm long, densely grey villous, stipules 0.6–0.8 cm long, with dense grey tomentum, caducous. Figs axillary, in pairs or clustered, also on minute spurs just below the leaves; subsessile; basal bracts 0.5–1 mm long, persistent; receptacle subglobose to obovoid, 0.6–0.8 cm. in diameter when fresh, 0.5–0.6 cm in diameter when dry, densely whitish villous, yellow at maturity; apex convex, ostiole 0.5–1 mm in diameter; male flowers ostiolar, with 4 tepals, stamens 2; female flowers with 4 tepals, ovary oblongoid; gall flowers with 4 tepals, ovary ovoid-oblongoid. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Narathiwat [Ban Bala, , altitude about 100 – 350 m, 19 April 2003, Bhanu 190403-1 (THNHM)]. Distribution.— Peninsular Malaysia (Perak), Sumatra (Sibolangit). Ecology.— Tropical evergreen rain forest.

FICUS subgenus UROSTIGMA

KEY TO THE NEWLY DISCOVERED SPECIES

1. Figs pedunculate F. depressa 1. Figs sessile 2. Receptacle 0.4–0.5 cm in diameter when fresh F. binnendijkii 2. Receptacle 2–3 cm in diameter when fresh F. dubia

Ficus binnendijkii (Miq.) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 288. 1867; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 336. 1924; Berg & Corner in Fl. Males. 17(2): 633–634. 2005. Figs. 2, 6B. Tree up to 35 m tall, hemi-epiphytic, secondarily terrestrial. Leafy twig 1.5–2 mm thick, glabrous. Leaves alternate, lamina ovate to lanceolate, 3.5–8.5 x 1.3–2.5 cm, subcoriaceous to coriaceous, apex acuminate, the acumen obtuse to acute, base acute to obtuse, margin entire, both surfaces glabrous; lateral veins 5–7 pairs, the basal pair up to 1/ 5–2/7 the length of the lamina, tertiary venation parallel to the lateral veins and minutely reticulate, waxy gland at the base of the midrib; petiole 0.4–1 cm long, 1–1.3 mm thick, glabrous, blackish when dry; stipules 0.6–1.1 cm long, glabrous, caducous. Figs axillary, in pairs, sessile; basal bracts 3, 0.5–1 mm long, glabrous, persistent; receptacle globose (subglobose when young), 0.4–0.5 cm in diameter when fresh, 0.3–0.4 cm in diameter when dry, glabrous, white(?) at maturity, apex slightly concave, ostiole 1–1.5 mm in diameter; male flowers pedicellate, scattered all over the receptacle, tepals 3, stamen 1; female flowers sessile, tepals 3, ovary ellipsoid; gall flower sessile, tepals 3, ovary ovoid. FIVE SPECIES OF FICUS (MORACEAE) NEW FOR THAILAND (B. CHANTARASUWAN & S. THONG–AREE) 27

Figure 1. Ficus araneosa King: A. branch with syconia; B. male flower; C. gall flower; D. female flower. 28 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 2. Ficus binnendijkii (Miq.) Miq.: A. branch with syconia; B. male flower; C. gall flower; D. female flower. FIVE SPECIES OF FICUS (MORACEAE) NEW FOR THAILAND (B. CHANTARASUWAN & S. THONG–AREE) 29

Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Narathiwat [Ban Ya De, , altitude 450 m, 14 Dec. 2002, Bhanu 141202–6 (THNHM); Ban Phukhaothong, Sukhirin district, altitude 150 m, 16 June 2003, Bhanu 160603–1 (THNHM)]. Distribution.— Peninsular Malaysia, Java, Borneo. Ecology.— Tropical evergreen rain forest. Note.— In Bala, forest this species is always hemi-epiphytic.

Ficus depressa Blume, Cat. 35 (1823); Berg & Corner in Fl. Males. 17(2): 650–651. 2005. Figs. 3, 6C. Climber, or hemi–epiphytic treelet. Leafy twig 3–4 mm thick, angular, glabrous. Leaves spirally arranged; lamina ovate to oblong, 8–14 x 3–6 cm, coriaceous, apex acute to acuminate, base obtuse to rounded, margin entire and undulate; upper surface glabrous, lower surfaces hairy on the midrib, mainly in the axils of lateral veins, lateral veins 8–10 pairs, the basal pair up to 1/7–1/5 the length of the lamina, tertiary venation reticulate; waxy gland at the base of the midrib; petiole 1.7–2.5 cm long, 1–2 mm thick, glabrous; stipules 1.5–2 cm long, glabrous, caducous. Figs axillary, in pairs or solitary, peduncle 2.5–4.5 cm long, 2–2.5 mm thick, glabrous, basal bracts 3, caducous; receptacle ovoid, 2.2–2.5 cm in diameter when fresh, 1.5–2 cm in diameter when dry, glabrous, pale green to yellow(?) at maturity, apex protuding and ending in three lobes, ostiole 3–5 mm in diameter; male flowers pedicellate, scattered all over the receptacle, tepals 3, stamen 1; female flowers sessile, tepals 3, lanceolate, ovary ovoid, style long, gall flowers tepals 3, ovary globose, style shorter than in the female flowers. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Narathiwat [Wildlife Research Station, Waeng district, altitude 270 m, 22 April 2003, Bhanu 220403 – 1 (THNHM)]. Distribution.— Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Bali, Sumbawa, Sumba, Borneo and the Philippines. Ecology.— Tropical evergreen rain forest. Notes.— In Bala forest, the species is hemi-epiphytic or a climber and the figs remain greenish at maturity. This species resembles the climber F. globosa Blume in which the fig receptacle is globose and smaller.

Ficus dubia Wall. ex King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 1(1): 46, t. 56. 1887; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 333. 1924; Berg & Corner in Fl. Males. 17(2): 653–654. 2005. Figs 4, 6D. Tree up to 30–35 m tall, hemi-epiphytic, secondarily terrestrial. Leafy twig 3–4.5 mm thick, glabrous. Leaves spiral; lamina elliptic to ovate or to oblong, 10–13 x 4.5–6 cm, coriaceous, apex acute to short-acuminate, base obtuse to rounded, margin entire; both surfaces glabrous, lateral veins 7–9 pairs, the basal pair up to 1/6–1/4 the length of lamina, tertiary venation reticulate; waxy gland at the base of the midrib; petiole 2–3 cm long, 1.5– 2 mm thick, glabrous, black when dry; stipules 0.8–1.5 cm long, glabrous, caducous. Figs axillary, in pairs, sessile, basal bracts 3, unequal in size, 2–4 mm long, glabrous, persistent; receptacle subglobose to globose, 2.5–3.5 cm in diameter when fresh, 1.5–2 in diameter when dry, with pseudo-stalk 1.2–1.3 cm long, glabrous, at first green to red then black at 30 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 3. Ficus depressa Blume: A. branch with syconia; B. male flower; C. female flower; D. gall flower. FIVE SPECIES OF FICUS (MORACEAE) NEW FOR THAILAND (B. CHANTARASUWAN & S. THONG–AREE) 31 maturity, apex concave, ostiole 2–3 mm in diameter; male flowers pedicellate, scattered all over the receptacle, tepals 3–4, stamen 1; female flowers usually sessile, tepals 3–4, ovary red-dotted; gall flowers pedicellate much longer than in the female flowers, style short. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Narathiwat [Ban Bala, Waeng district, altitude about 100 m, 7 Nov. 2002, Bhanu 071102–1 (THNHM); Ban Phu Khao Thong, Sukhirin district, altitude about 500 m, 23 April 2003, Bhanu 230403–2 (THNHM)]. Distribution.— Peninsular Malaysia (Penang to Singapore), Sumatra, Brunei, Sabah. Ecology.— In tropical evergreen rain forest. Notes.— In Bala forest, the species is always hemi-epiphytic and the figs finally turn black at maturity. Ficus dubia is similar to F. kurzii King but the receptacle of F. dubia is larger than that in F. kurzii (usually 1.5–2 cm in diameter when fresh).

FICUS subgenus SYCOMORUS section SYCOCARPUS

KEY TO THE NEWLY DISCOVERED SPECIES

1. Receptacle subglobose, longitudinally ridged Ficus sp. A 1. Receptacle depressed subglobose to subpyriform, lateral bracts numerous, longitudinal ridge absent 2. Lamina oblong to lanceolate, 25–35 x 4–5 cm, margin entire F. beccarii 2. Lamina oblong 21–28 x 8.5–11 cm, margin (sub)entire to obscurely dentate Ficus sp. B

Ficus beccarii King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 1(2): 102, t. 130. 1888. Fig. 5, 6E, 6F. Tree up to 7 m. tall, terrestrial. Leafy twig 2–3 mm thick, densely cinnamomous- tomentose. Leaves distichous; lamina oblong to lanceolate, 25–35 x 4–5 cm, asymmetric to symmetric, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, apex caudate, the acumen filiform, base cuneate to rounded, margin entire; upper surface glabrescent, lower surface densely cinnamomous- to brownish-tomentose on the veins, lateral veins 7–9 pairs, the basal pair up to 1/8–1 / 6 the length of the lamina; tertiary venation scalariform; waxy gland in the axils of the basal lateral vein on the broad side; petiole 0.5 cm. long, 1.5–2 mm thick, densely cinnamomous- tomentose; stipules narrow, 3–4 cm long, caudate, cinnamomous- tomentose, persistent. Figs on slender leafless branches from the base of the trunk, usually up to 3–4 m long, forming roots, densely cinnamomous tomentose when young, glabrous when older, peduncle 1–2 mm long or sub-sessile; basal bracts 3, 1–2 mm long; receptacle depressed, subglobose to subpyriform, 1.5–2.5 cm in diameter when fresh, 1.3–1.5 cm in diameter when dry, lateral bracts numerous, densely yellowish- to brown-tomentose, apex convex to flat, ostiole 3–4 mm in diameter, surrounded by apical bracts, internal bristle absent; male flowers ostiolar, perianth saccate, stamen 1; gall flowers perianth absent, ovary ovate, stigma clavate; female flowers not seen. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Narathiwat [Ban Phu Khao Thong, Sukhirin district, altitude about 200 – 300 m, 18 Aug. 2003, Bhanu 180803–1 (BKF, THNHM)]. Distribution.— Peninsular Malaysia (Johore to Trengganu), Borneo. Ecology.— Canopy gaps in tropical evergreen rain forest. 32 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 4. Ficus dubia Wall. ex King: A. branch with syconia; B. male flower; C. female flower; D. gall flower. FIVE SPECIES OF FICUS (MORACEAE) NEW FOR THAILAND (B. CHANTARASUWAN & S. THONG–AREE) 33

Figure 5. Ficus beccarii King: A. branch; B. stolon with syconia; C. male flower; D. gall flower. 34 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

A B

C D

E F

Figure 6. A. Ficus araneosa King; B. F. binnendijkii (Miq.) Miq.; C. F. depressa Blume; D. F. dubia Wall. ex King; E. syconia of F. beccarii King; F. branch of F. beccarii King. FIVE SPECIES OF FICUS (MORACEAE) NEW FOR THAILAND (B. CHANTARASUWAN & S. THONG–AREE) 35

Ficus sp.A Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Narathiwat [Ban Bala, Waeng district, altitude about 100–170 m, 20 Jan. 2003, Bhanu 200103–7 (THNHM)]. Ecology.— Canopy gaps in tropical evergreen rain forest.

Ficus sp.B Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Narathiwat [Ban Bala, Waeng district, altitude about 100–160 m, 20 Jan. 2003, Bhanu 200103–5 (THNHM)]. Ecology.— Canopy gaps in tropical evergreen rain forest or disturbed areas.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This work was supported by the TRF/BIOTEC special program for Biodiversity Research and Training grant BRT R_145012. We are most grateful to Mr. Jarujin Nabhitabhata, Miss Sumon Masuthon, Professor C.C. Berg and an anonymous referee for suggestions. Special thanks go to the staff of BKF for guidance. Thanks also to the staff of Hala – Bala Wildlife Research Station for assisting in the field work.

REFERENCES

Berg, C.C. (2003a). Flora Malesiana Precursor for the treatment of Moraceae 2: Ficus subgenus Pharmacosycea section Oreosycea. Blumea 48: 289–301. ______. (2003b). Flora Malesiana Precursor for the treatment of Moraceae 3: Ficus subgenus Ficus. Blumea 48: 529–550. ______. (2003c). Flora Malesiana Precursor for the treatment of Moraceae 4: Ficus subgenus Synoecia. Blumea 48: 551–571. ______. (2003d). Flora Malesiana Precursor for the treatment of Moraceae 5: Ficus subgenus Ficus. Blumea 48: 573–597. ______. (2004). Flora Malesiana Precursor for the treatment of Moraceae 6: Ficus subgenus Sycomorus. Blumea 49: 155–200. Berg, C.C. & Corner, E.J.H. (2005). Moraceae (Ficus). Flora Malesiana. 17(2): 1–727. Corner, E.J.H. (1960). Taxonomic Notes on Ficus Linn., Asia and Australasia. Section 5&6. The Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 18: 1–69. ______. (1961). Taxonomic notes on Ficus Linn., Asia and Australasia. Addendum. The Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 18: 83–97. ______. (1965). Check-list of Ficus in Asia and Australia with keys to identification. The Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 21: 1–196. King, G. (1887). The Species of Ficus of the Indo-Malayan and Chinese Countries. Part I. Palaeomorphe and Urostigma. Calcutta: 1–66. ______. (1888). The Species of Ficus of the Indo-Malayan and Chinese Countries. Part II. Synoecia, Sycidium, Covellia, Eusyce and Neomorphe. Calcutta: 67–177. Ridley, H.N. (1924). The Flora of the Malay Peninsula. Vol. III. London: L. Reeve & Co., Ltd. Pp. 325–350. 36 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Table 1. List of Ficus in Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary. Bolded text indicates species new to Thailand.

Subgenus Section Species

Urostigma Urostigma Ficus caulocarpa (Miq.) Miq. F. virens Aiton F. altissima Blume F. annulata Blume F. benjamina L. F. binnendijkii (Miq.) Miq. F. callophylla Blume F. consociata Blume F. crassiramea (Miq.) Miq. subsp. crassiramea F. cucurbitina King F. depressa Blume F. drupacea Thunb. F. dubia Wall. ex King F. globosa Blume F. kochummeniana C.C.Berg F. microcarpa L.f. F. pellucidopunctata Griff. F. pisocarpa Blume F. stricta (Miq.) Miq. F. subgelderi Corner F. subcordata Blume F. sumatrana Miq. F. sundaica Blume F. xylophylla (Wall. ex Miq.) Miq.

Pharmacosycea Oreosycea F. callosa Willd. F. vasculosa Wall. ex Miq. F. nervosa B. Heyne ex Roth subsp. nervosa

Sycomorus Sycomorus F. racemosa L. F. auriculata Lour. F. variegata Blume Hemicardia F. semicordata Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. Sycocarpus F. beccarii King F. fistulosa Reinw F. hispida L.f. Ficus sp. A. Ficus sp. B. FIVE SPECIES OF FICUS (MORACEAE) NEW FOR THAILAND (B. CHANTARASUWAN & S. THONG–AREE) 37

Table 1. (continued)

Subgenus Section Species

Ficus lepicarpa Blume F. obpyramidata King F. schwarzii Koord. F. scortechinii King

Ficus Ficus F. deltoidea Jack subsp. deltoidea F. ischnopoda Miq. Eriosycea F. chartacea (Wall. ex Kurz) Wall. ex King F. fulva Reinw. ex Blume F. glandulifera (Wall. ex Miq.) King F. grossularioides Burm.f. var. grossularioides

Synoecia Kissosycea F. disticha Blume subsp. disticha F. punctata Thunb. Rhizocladus F. laevis BlumeBlume F. araneosa King F. sagittata J. KˆnigKönig exex Vahl Vahl F. villosa Blume F. trichocarpa Blume

Sycidium Sycidium F. heterophylla L.f. Palaeomorphe F. heteropleura Blume F. parietalis Blume F. pisifera Wall. ex Voigt F. sinuata Thunb. F. subulata Blume F. tinctoria G. Forst. subsp. gibbosa (Blume) Corner THAI FOR. BULL. (BOT.) 34: 38–52. 2006.

Mukia Arn. (Cucurbitaceae) in Asia, in particular in Thailand

WILLEMWILLEM J.J. J.J. O. DE WILDE & BRIGITTA E.E. E.E. DUYFJESDUYFJES**

ABSTRACT: The genus Mukia Arn. has been taxonomically revised. Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M. Roem. var. gracilis Kurz has been raised to specific rank, Mukia gracilis (Kurz) W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes. The only species of the Indian endemic genus Dicoelospermum C.B. Clarke has been combined as Mukia ritchiei (C.B. Clarke) W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes. The correct name for the eastern Malesian Mukia celebica appeared to be Mukia rumphiana (Scheff.) W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes, of which one new subspecies is also described, Mukia rumphiana (Scheff.) W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes subsp. tomentosa W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes. AA keykey to to the the species species and and descriptions descriptions of the of Thaithe Thai and Malesianand Malesian species species are presented. are presented.

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION On inspection of the material of Asian Cucurbitaceae for the treatments of the family for the Flora of Thailand and Flora Malesiana it became clear that additions needed to be made to the comprehensive treatment of the genus Mukia by Jeffrey (1969). Firstly, certain Thai specimens which strongly deviate within the very variable M. maderaspatana are better accommodated in a separate species, Mukia gracilis. Secondly, the rare and incompletely known monotypic genus Dicoelospermum, from India, should be regarded as belonging to the genus Mukia. Because of its obscurity a drawing is included in this paper, but the species is not fully described. Melothria rumphiana Scheff., published with a detailed description, but with a very deteriorated type-specimen, antedates the name Mukia celebica, which is renamed Mukia rumphiana. The number of Asian species of Mukia has now increased to six. Mukia is an Old World genus including one Africa species, M. maderaspatana (very variable in Africa; also in Asia and Australia). Further study of the insufficiently known Australian Mukia (at present two species but with an additional several taxa as indicated by Telford, 1982) will yield more species. Telford (pers. comm.) has informed us that in Australia: “Besides the M. maderaspatana species complex, 3 species, Mukia sp. A and Mukia sp. B sens. Flora of Australia (1982) and one recent discovery, will be named as new in a paper almost completed. Mukia micrantha, Mukia sp. C, Mukia sp. D and Mukia sp. E will be placed in a new genus”.

MUKIA

Arn., Madras J. Lit. Sci. 12: 50. 1840; C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 623. 1879; C. Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 15: 343. 1962; in Hooker’s Ic. Pl. 37, 3: 2, tab. 3661-3664. 1969; Keraudren in Aubrâv. & J.-F. Leroy, Fl. Cambodge, Laos & Viêt-NamViät-Nam 15:15: 57. 1975. Melothria L. sect.

* Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Universiteit Leiden Branch, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected] MUKIA ARN. (CUCURBITACEAE) IN ASIA, IN PARTICULAR IN THAILAND (W.J.J.O. DE WILDE & B.E.E. DUYFJES) 39

Mukia (Arn.) Cogn. in A.DC & C.DC., Monogr. Phan. 3: 622. 1881. Type species: Mukia scabrella (L.) Arn. (= Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M. Roem.).—Dicoelospermum C.B. Clarke (‘Dicaelospermum’, correction T. Post & Kuntze, 1903) in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 630. 1879; Cogn. in A.DC. & C.DC., Monogr. Phan. 3: 734. 1881; in Engl., Pflanzenr. 66 (family no. 4.275.1): 252. 1916; Chakrav., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 17: 176. 1959; C. Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 34: 796. 1980. Type species: Dicoelospermum ritchiei C.B. Clarke. Small climbers, shoots herbaceous, (sub)annual or with a (thick) perennial root; monoecious; whole plant scabrid-hairy. Probract absent. Tendrils simple. Leaves: blade simple, green on drying; apices of (lobes of) developing leaves distinct, broad, glabrous, often brown on drying; petiole long or short (leaves subsessile). Flowers small; petals yellow, (almost) free, imbricate in bud; disc free from the receptacle-tube. Male inflorescences: a fascicle (in Asia) at the node, with few to 10(–20) short-pedicelled flowers; bracts absent. Male flowers: pedicel 2–10 mm long, slender; receptacle-tube urceolate-campanulate; sepals minute, long-triangular or linear, somewhat recurved; petals elliptic or (ob)ovate, free or very short-connate at base; stamens 3, inserted slightly above halfway up the receptacle- tube, filaments short, much shorter than the anthers, glabrous, anthers one 1-thecous and two 2-thecous, included, thecae lateral, straight, connective narrow, ± hairy, at apex hardly or shortly produced; disc depressed globose. Female flowers: 1–6, fascicled, usually separate from male flowers; pedicel short; ovary globose to oblong, slightly constricted at apex; perianth as in male; style thick; stigma with 3 sessile, elongate lobes, and each lobe shallowly 2-lobed again, lobes carnose, papillose, included; staminodes usually present; disc annular. Fruits 1–6, clustered, subsessile or short-pedicelled, (sub)globose or ellipsoid, 0.5–3 cm long, hairy, glabrescent or glabrous, red when ripe, inside juicy; pericarp membranous or cartilaginous, smooth. Seeds few or many, globose or compressed, whitish or pale grey- brown, ornamented or not, margin distinct, wing absent. A genus of about 9 species, including 3 unpublished Australian species, distributed in the tropics of the Old World: Africa (1 species); in SE Asia from Pakistan east to China and south-east through Indo-China and Malesia to New Guinea, and in Australia.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

1. Leaf blade ovate-oblong, longer than broad. Fruit globose, 5–8 mm diameter. Seeds ca 5 per fruit, 5–6 mm long. Burma, Thailand 1. M. gracilis 1. Leaf blade about as long as broad (sometimes longer than broad in Africa, E New Guinea, Australia, but than fruit longer and more-seeded) 2. Seeds globose, 1–3 per fruit. Western India 5. M. ritchiei 2. Seeds distinctly flattened (flat or tumid), 8–20 per fruit 3. Fruit ellipsoid, 2–4 cm long. E Malesia: Moluccas & Vogelkop Peninsula 6. M. rumphiana 3. Fruit globose or ellipsoid, up to 1.5 cm long 4. Fruit ellipsoid; pericarp thin, collapsing about the seeds, translucent. Seed faces flat. [Hairs of petiole spreading or curved downward]. China, south to Java, Borneo, Philippines 2. M. javanica 4. Fruit globose; pericarp thicker, wrinkling or not, not translucent. Seed faces convex 5. Hairs of petiole spreading or curved upward (always?). Seed faces smooth or low-warted, the margin separated by a groove. S India, Sri Lanka 3. M. leiosperma 5. Hairs of petiole spreading or curved upward. Seed faces warted and pitted or nearly smooth and then without a distinct margin. Widespread: Africa, Asia, China, east to Australia 4. M. maderaspatana 40 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

1. Mukia gracilis (Kurz) W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes, stat. nov.— M. maderaspatana (L.) M. Roem. var. gracilis Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 46: 104. 1877.— M. scabrella (L.) Arn. var. gracilis (Kurz) C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 623. 1879.— Melothria maderaspatana (L.) Cogn. var. gracilis (Kurz) Cogn. in A. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 3: 624. 1881; in Engl., Pflanzenr. 66 (family no. 4.275.1): 128. 1916; Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum. 1: 764. 1931. Type: Burma, Pagamew, Wallich Cat. 6714 (isotype K-W, microphoto in L).— M. maderaspatanamaderaspatana auct. non (L.) Cogn.: Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum. 1: 764. 1931, p.p., for Garrett 469.— Mukia maderaspatana auct.auct. nonnon (L.)(L.) M.M. Roem.: C.C. Jeffrey in Hooker’s Ic. Pl. 37, 3: 5. 1969, p.p., for the synonym var. gracilis,, and tab. 3662: 1–8. Fig. 1, 4A. Climber 2(–3) m tall; stem 1–3 mm diam.; sparsely or densely grey- or brown-hairy, hairs stiff or soft, erect or somewhat curved upward, 1–5 mm long. Leaves: blade ovate- oblong, longer than broad, 5–12 by 2–6(–8) cm, entire or conspicuously hastate, base deeply cordate, the basal lobes downward directed or ± patent and hastate, apex long acute-acuminate, margin entireentire oror shallowly and irregularly sinuate withwith teeth to 1(–2) mm long, upper and lower surface sparsely or densely ± appressedlyappressedly soft-hairy, hairs 1–5 mm long, denser on the veins below,below, cystoliths small or absent; petiole 3–6(–7) cm long, hairy as on the stem. Male flowers: in sessile clusters of 5–10, occasionally mixed with few female flowers; pedicel 2–6 mm long; receptacle-tube long-campanulate, 2–2.5 by 1–1.5 mm; sepals ca 1 mmmm long,long, pedicel,pedicel, receptacle-tubereceptacle-tube and sepals (sparsely) stiff-hairy, hairs 1–1.5 mm long; petals nearly free or up to 11 mmmm connateconnate atat base,base, (obovate-)elliptic,(obovate-)elliptic, 2(–3) mm long, glabrous except for few stiff hairs on midvein at outside, apex (broadly) rounded or (sub)emarginate; anthersanthers caca 11 mm long. Female flowers:: 1–5 in sessilesessile clusters; pedicel ca 1 mm long; ovary subglobose, 2–3 mm diam., at apex with short neck, sparsely hairy; style hairy in apical part (Garrett 469). Fruits solitary oror 2 or 3 inin sessilesessile cluster,cluster, 0.5–0.8 cm diam.,diam., sparsely brown-hairy; pericarp thin, filmy or not; fruiting pedicel 1(–2) mm long. Seeds ca 5, ellipsoid-obovate, only little compressed, 5–65–6 by 3–4 by ca 2.5 mm, margin ± rounded with faint ridge in the middle, and with a deepdeep groovegroove separatingseparating the faces;faces; faces somewhatsomewhat convex, shallowly pitted.

Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Doi Inthanon, Doi Suthep-Pui, Doi Luang); Lamphun (Doi Khun Tan); Lampang (en route from Pang La to Huai Tak); NORTHEASTERN: Loei (Samhaek); SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi (Huai Ban Kao). Distribution.— Myanma (type). Ecology.— Mixed deciduous forest, evergreen seasonal forest and scrub, bamboo thickets, stream-sides; on limestone and phylletic bedrock; at 350–2,000 m altitude. Flowering & fruiting: Aug.–Nov.

2. Mukia javanica (Miq.) C. Jeffrey in Hooker’s Ic. Pl. 37, 3: 3, tab. 3661: 1-10. 1969; Keraudren in Aubrâv. & J.-F. Leroy, Fl. Cambodge, Laos && Viêt-NamViät-Nam 15:15: 58,58, f.f. 10:10: 6-8.6-8. 1975;1975;A.M. A.M. Lu & Zhi Y. Zhang in A.M. Lu & S.K. Chen, Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 73(1): 177, f. 46: 7-8. 1986; S.K. Chen in C.Y. Wu etet al.,al., Fl.Fl. Yunnan.Yunnan. 6:6: 321,321, f.f. 83:83: 8-10.8-10. 1995.—1995.—KariviaKarivia javanicajavanica Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind.Ind. 1: 661. 1856.— Melothria javanica (Miq.)(Miq.) Cogn.Cogn. inin A.DC. & C.DC., Monogr. Phan. 3: 625. 1881; in Engl., Pflanzenr. 66 (family no. 4.275.1): 129. 1916; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo- Chine 2: 1060. 1921; Backer in Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java 1: 297. 1964.1964. Type: Indonesia, Java, MUKIA ARN. (CUCURBITACEAE) IN ASIA, IN PARTICULAR IN THAILAND (W.J.J.O. DE WILDE & B.E.E. DUYFJES) 41

Figure 1. Mukia gracilis (Kurz) W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes. A. Twig with fruits and inflorescences, each with male and female flowers; B. node with mixed inflorescence; C, D. male flowers, from outside and opened respectively; E, F. female flowers, from outside and opened respectively; G. seed. (A-G: Van Beusekom, Geesink, Phengklai & Wongwan 3567). Drawn by Jan van Os. 42 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Horsfield s.n. (holotype U; isotypes BM, K).— M. assamica Chakrav., J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 50: 897. 1952; Rec. Bot. Surv. India 17: 145. 1959. Type: India, Assam, Keenan s.n. (holotype K).— M. assamica Chakrav. var. scabra Chakrav., J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 50: 898. 1952; Rec. Bot. Surv. India 17: 145. 1959. Type: India, Assam, King’s Collector 1890 (holotype CAL, not seen).— M. leiosperma auct. non (Wight & Arn.) Cogn.: Chakrav. Rec. Bot. Surv. India 17: 141. 1959, p.p. Fig. 4E. Climber or creeper to 3 m long; stem scabrous hairy. Leaves: blade broadly ovate(- hastate), subcircular in outline, 2–10 cm diam., 5-angular or variously (3–)5-lobed up to halfway deep, base cordate, apex subobtuse or acute(-acuminate), margin to 2 mm dentate, upper and lower surface subglabrous or variously (scabrid-)hairy, denser on the veins below, cystoliths not apparent; petiole 2–5(–10) cm long, scabrid-hairy, hairs curved downward. Male flowers: 3–6, rarely with few female flowers mixed; pedicel 1–2(–4) mm long; receptacle-tube 1.5–3 by 1.5–2 mm, scabrid hairy; sepals 0.5–1.5 mm long; petals ovate, 1.5–2.5 mm long, apex subacute, glabrous except for few hairs on outer surface; filaments less then 0.5 mm long, anthers 1.5(–2) mm long; disc 1–1.5 mm diam. Female flowers: (1–)2–4; pedicel ca 1 mm long; ovary ellipsoid(-oblong), 4–5 mm long, (sub)glabrous or finely hairy, hardly constricted at apex; perianth as in male; style glabrous; disc ca 1 mm high. Fruits 1–3, fascicled, ellipsoid, 1–1.5 cm long, juicy, with filmy pericarp showing the seeds when dry, glabrous; fruiting pedicel 1–2 mm long. Seeds 8–18, obovate, strongly compressed, ca 5 by 3.5–4 by 1–1.5 mm, (pale brown or) whitish, faces flat, ± depressed, irregularly low-warted, with a broad 2-grooved margin. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Doi Inthanon, Mae Sa Arboretum, Doi Chiang Dao); Chiang Rai (Doi Tung); Phrae (Mae Yom); Phitsanulok (Thung Salaeng Luang); NORTHEASTERN: Khon Kaen (Phu Khieo); SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi (Khaobuing); SOUTHEASTERN: Chon Buri (Khao Khieo). Distribution.— Northern India, east to China, through Malesia (Java, type, east to Borneo and The Philippines); not known from Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Islands, and New Guinea. Ecology.— Roadsides, (disturbed) forest and scrub edges; up to 1,500 m altitude. Flowering & fruiting throughout the year. Vernacular.— Ma ra dong (¡–√–¥ß) (Kanchanaburi).

3. Mukia leiosperma (Wight & Arn.) Wight, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, 8: 268. 1842; Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 2: 125. 1859; C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 623. 1879; Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 2: 255. 1894; C. Jeffrey in Hooker’s Ic. Pl. 37, 3: 9, tab. 3663: 1-9. 1969; Matthew, Fl. Tamilnadu Carnatic 1: 649. 1983; Ill. Palni Hills, South India: pl. 342. 1996; Philcox, Fl. Ceylon 11: 37. 1997.— Bryonia leiosperma Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Indiae Orient. 1: 345. 1834.— Melothria leiosperma (Wight & Arn.) Cogn. in A.DC. & C.DC., Monogr. Phan. 3: 622. 1881; in Engl., Pflanzenr. 66 (family no. 4.275.1): 125. 1916; Fyson, Fl. South Indian hill stations 1: 244, t. 191. 1932; Chakrav., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 17: 140. 1959, p.p. Lectotype (C. Jeffrey, 1969): India, Madras, Palni Hills, Wight 1112 (lectotype K; isolectotype BR, not seen). Distribution.— S India, Sri Lanka. MUKIA ARN. (CUCURBITACEAE) IN ASIA, IN PARTICULAR IN THAILAND (W.J.J.O. DE WILDE & B.E.E. DUYFJES) 43

Ecology.— Forest edges and scrub and in hilly country; under seasonal climate; at low and medium altitudes. Flowering & fruiting possibly throughout the year. Note.— The status of Mukia leiosperma as a species is questionable. Jeffrey, l.c., regarded it a species close to M. maderaspatana, developed under specific local climatic conditions.

4. Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M. Roem., Syn. Monogr. 2: 47. 1846; C. Jeffrey in Hooker’s Ic. Pl. 37, 3: 5. 1969, p.p., excl. tab. 3662: 1-8; Fl. Trop. East Africa, Cucurbitaceae: 115, f. 19. 1967; Matthew, Ill. Fl. Tamilnadu Carnatic 1: pl. 302. 1982.— Cucumis maderaspatanus L., Sp. Pl.: 1012. 1753.— Melothria maderaspatana (L.) (L.) Cogn. Cogn. inin A.DC.A.DC. && C.DC., Monogr. Phan. 3: 623. 1881; in Engl., Pflanzenr. 66 (family no. 4.275.1): 126. 1916; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Indo- Chine 2: 1059. 1921; Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum: 764. 1931; Chakrav., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 17: 141. 1959; Backer in Backer & Bakh.Bakh. f.,f., Fl.Fl. JavaJava 1:1: 298. 298. 1964; 1964; Keraudren Keraudren inin Aubrâv. Aubrév. & J.-F.J.-F. Leroy,Leroy, Fl. Cambodge, Laos & Viêt-NamViät-Nam 15: 60, f. 10: 9. 1975;1975;Telford, Telford, Fl. Australia 8: 183, f. 40: A–G. 1982; A.M. Lu & Zhi Y. Zhang in A.M. Lu & S.K. Chen, Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 73(1): 175, f. 46: 1– 6. 1986; S.K. Chen in C.Y. Wu et al., Fl. Yunnan. 6: 319, f. 83: 1–7. 1995. Lectotype (Meeuse, Bothalia 8: 14. 1962): in Plukenet, Phytographia, t. 170, f. 2. 1692; Typotype (Meeuse, l.c.): Herb. Sloane 95: 201 (BM-SL, not seen).— Bryonia cordifolia L., Sp. Pl.: 1012. 1753.— Coccinia cordifolia (L.)(L.) Cogn. in A.DC. & C.DC., Monogr. Phan. 3: 529, for the type only. 1881. Lectotype (C. Jeffrey in Milne-Redhead & Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Afr., Cucurbit.: 117. 1967): Herb. Herman 2: 22, No 354 (BM, not seen).— Bryonia scabrella L. in L. f., Suppl.: 424. 1781; Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind. 1: 658. 1856.— Mukia scabrella (L.) Arn. in Hook., J. Bot. 3: 276. 1841; C.B. Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 623. 1879.— Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M. Roem. var. scabrella (L.) Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 46: 104. 1877. Type: India, without collector (holotype LINN 1153/11, not seen).— Bryonia rottleri Spreng., Syst. 3: 15. 1826.— Mukia rottleri (Spreng.) M. Roem., Syn. Monogr. 2: 47. 1846. Type: India, Rottler s.n. (type not found).— Bryonia althaeoides Ser.Ser. inin DC., Prodr.Prodr. 3:3: 306.306. 1828.—1828.— MukiaMukia althaeoidesalthaeoides (Ser.) M. Roem., Syn. Monogr. 2: 47. 1846.— Melothria althaeoides (Ser.) Nakai, J. Jap. Bot. 14: 127. 1938. Type: Timor, without collector (G-DC holo, not seen, microphoto in K, L).— M. celebica Cogn. var. villosior Cogn., Bull.Bull. Acad.Acad. Roy.Roy. Sci.Sci. Belgique 3,3, sâr. 14: 357. 18871887 (not seen); in Engl.,Engl., Pflanzenr.Pflanzenr. 66 (family(family no. 4.275.1):4.275.1): 128. 1916. Type:Type: Australia,Australia, Gulf of Carpenteria, HerbHerb.. MuellerMueller s.n.s.n. (holotype(holotype BRBR).). —— M. leiosperma auct.auct. nonnon (Wight & Arn.)Arn.) Wight: Cogn. in A.DC. & C.DC., Monogr. Phan. 3: 622. 1881, p.p.; in Engl.,Engl., Pflanzenr.Pflanzenr. 66 (family no. 4.275.1): 125. 1916, p.p.; Chakrav., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 17: 141. 1959, p.p. Figs. 4 B, C, D.D. Climber to 4 m tall; stem scabrous or stiff-hairy. Leaves: blade broadly ovate, subcircular or broadly hastate in outline, 2–10 cm diam., subentire or 3–5-lobed, base (shallowly or) deeply cordate, apex subobtuse or acute(-acuminate), margin variously up to 5 mm dentate, upper and lower surface hispid or scabrous-hairy, more densely so on the veins, cystoliths dense and minute and not apparent; petiole (0.1–)0.5–9 cm long, scabrous and hispid with short or long, erect or upward curved hairs (but see note). Male flowers: in fascicles of 2–20 (occasionally mixed with few female flowers); pedicel 2–5(–7) mm long; receptacle-tube 1.5–4 by 1–2 mm, with upward appressed hairs; sepals 1(–1.5) mm long; petals ovate, 1.5–3(–4) mm long, apex subacute, glabrous except for the mid-nerve outside; 44 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34 filaments less than 0.5 mm long, anthers 1–2 mm long; disc ca 1.5 mm diam. Female flowers: solitary or up to 8; pedicel 1–4 mm long; ovary subglobose or broadly ovoid, 3–3.5 by 1.5– 2 mm, with scattered or dense (stiff) hairs; style glabrous. Fruits 1–5(–8) in axillary clusters, globose, 0.5–1.5 cm diam., green and pale green striped, red when mature, darker striped or not, glabrous or with few coarse hairs; pericarp thin but not filmy, coarsely wrinkled when dry, seeds not shining through; fruiting pedicel 2–5 mm long. Seeds 10–20, obovate, moderately compressed, 3–4 by 2–2.5 by 1.5–2 mm, whitish or pale brown, margin narrow, ± rounded, faces not separated by a groove, faces convex, variously warted, or pitted or nearly smooth. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son; Chiang Mai (Doi Chiang Dao, Doi Inthanon); Nan; Lampang (Jae Sawn); NORTHEASTERN: Khon Kaen (Doi Phanok Khao); SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi (Tham Tarn Lot); CENTRAL: Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya; Bangkok; Saraburi (Phu Khae); SOUTHEASTERN: Chon Buri (Ang Phak Nam). Distribution.— Widespread: Africa (type), SW and SE Asia, including Yemen, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, north-east and east to China, Ryukyu Islands, Indo-China, through Malesia to New Guinea and Australia (where very variable in indumentum, including villose). Ecology.— Periodically dry places in a large variety of (degraded) scrub-land, savanna, and (seasonal) forest (edges); for Thailand recorded from shale bedrock; for Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam (Keraudren l.c.) recorded from basaltic rock; 1–1,300 m altitude. Flowering & fruiting throughout the year. Vernacular.— Taeng nok (·µßπ°) (Kanchanaburi); taeng phi pluk (·µßºª≈’ °Ÿ ) (Chai Nat); taeng nu (·µßÀπ)Ÿ (Northern, Northeastern); taeng nu khon (·µßÀπ¢πŸ ) (Prachuap Khiri Khan). Note.— Variability and deviating specimens. Mukia maderaspatana as here accepted is most variable in Africa, where it includes plants with elongate leaves, approaching M. gracilis from Thailand. The Australasian material of M. maderaspatana is generally quite homogenous, however, with exceptions: (1) certain very hairy specimens from Australia; (2) delicate forms from Taiwan and Ryukyu Islands with small seeds, ca 3 mm long (Taiwan: e.g. Wang & Lin 2198, Huang et al. 10680, Jeng 2494, and Lin 130; Ryukyu Islands: Saito 4098); and (3) specimens with comparatively large fruits, ca 1.5 cm diameter from savanna areas in eastern Papua New Guinea (e.g. Heyligers 1176, Darbyshire 696, Henty & Katik NGF 38646, and Pullen 6804). The discriminating characters of the position and direction of curving of the hairs on the petiole, viz. upward in M. maderaspatana and downward in M. javanica work well in most material from SE Asia and West Malesia. However, one should be aware that in some specimens from East Malesia (where M. javanica does not occur) the position of the hairs may be at variance: sometimes retrorse (Lesser Sunda Islands) or often erect or curved in all directions (New Guinea). The collection Henty NGF 49703, from savanna in Papua New Guinea, is altogether different in its delicate habit, long-pedicelled male flowers, solitary female flowers and fruits, and not up-curved petiole hairs. Its determination as M. maderaspatana is provisional, and should be evaluated in connection with still unnamed material from Australia. Telford (pers. comm.) comments that this specimen appears to be similar to Mukia sp. A, from northern Queensland, which will soon be described as a new taxon. MUKIA ARN. (CUCURBITACEAE) IN ASIA, IN PARTICULAR IN THAILAND (W.J.J.O. DE WILDE & B.E.E. DUYFJES) 45

Finally, the fact that plants may be perennial with a thick old woody rootstock or annual and quick flowering and with fibrous roots, needs clarification.

5. Mukia ritchiei (C.B. Clarke) W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes, comb. nov. Dicoelospermum ritchiei C.B. Clarke (‘Dicaelospermum’, correction T. Post & Kuntze, 1903) in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 2: 630. 1879; Cogn. in A.DC. & C.DC., Monogr. Phan. 3: 735. 1881; in Engl., Pflanzenr. 66 (family no. 4.275.1): 253. 1916; Chakrav., Rec. Bot. Surv. India 17, 1: 177. 1959; C. Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 34: 796, 802. 1980. Lectotype (here chosen): Western India, Ritchie 316 (K). Fig. 2. Distribution.— Western India. Specimens examined.— Meebold 9452 (WRSL); Ritchie 316 (K), 318 (E). Note.— The genus Dicoelospermum, with one species, was described from two collections with male flowers and fruits, but without female flowers. The fruit was described as containing 3 seeds which were judged as being basally attached, and hence the ovules were described in the key (Clarke, l.c.: 605) as erect, to warrant a separate tribe Orthospermae. The seeds were described as having “two empty cells”, or seeds (Clarke, l.c.: 630) “with three parallel cells, the two lateral empty”. However, we do not believe that the material then at hand allowed for judging the seeds (and hence the ovules) as truly basally attached. As regards the strange seeds, we found a comparable case in the genus Neoachmandra (formerly Zehneria, see de Wilde & Duyfjes 2004: 24, f. 3; 2006: 30) in the species N. sphaerosperma, which differs in aberrant seed morphology, similar to the seeds in Dicoelospermum, but otherwise completely agreeing with Neoachmandra. The pollen of Dicoelospermum ritchiei (Meebold 9452, India) is 3-aperturate, suboblate. Equatorial diameter (E) = 38–45 µm. Ectoapertures short colpi. Endoapertures large, distincly costate pori. Exine ca 1.5 µm thick, distinctly stratified. Sexine slightly thicker than nexine. Ornamentation microreticulate, with irregular lumina. The pollen of D. ritchiei resembles that of Mukia very much (by R.W.J.M. van der Ham, Leiden). Molecular analysis of the same specimen, Meebold 9452, indicates that Dicoelospermum is very close to Mukia (pers. comm. H. Schaefer, Munich).

6. Mukia rumphiana (Scheff.) W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes, comb. nov. Melothria rumphiana Scheff., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 1: 25. 1876. Lectotype (here chosen): Indonesia, Ternate, Teijsmann 7496 (L, barcode: L0589472). (For synonyms see under the subspecies). Climber 3–5 m long; roots perennial; leafy stem 2(–3) mm diam., with stiff hairs, ± upward directed. Leaves: blade broadly ovate in outline, 4–8 by 4–11 cm, 3–5-angular or - lobed up to ca halfway (rarely deeper), base cordate, margin sinuate-dentate, upper surface finely scabrous-punctate, lower surface grey scabrid-hairy; petiole 1–3 cm long, scabrous by stiff upward directed hairs. Male flowers: in fascicles of 3–15; pedicel 4–7 mm long; receptacle-tube long-campanulate, 3–4 by 1.5–2 mm; sepals 1–1.5 mm long, outside and inside densely fine-hairy; petals ovate-elliptic, 2–3 by 1.5–2 mm, apex acute(-acuminate), wholly finely-hairy at outside; filaments ca 0.5 mm long, anthers oblong, ca 2 mm long, at 46 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 2. Mukia ritchiei (C.B. Clarke) W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes. A. portion of flowering and fruiting branch; B. node with both male and female (fruiting) inflorescences, note flowers in clusters; C. node with female (and fruiting) inflorescence; D, E. male flowers, from outside and opened respectively; F. fruit with transparent filmy pericarp, showing one seed inside; G, H. seed (all from Meebold 9452, WRSL). Drawn by Jan van Os. MUKIA ARN. (CUCURBITACEAE) IN ASIA, IN PARTICULAR IN THAILAND (W.J.J.O. DE WILDE & B.E.E. DUYFJES) 47 apex almost without or with one or two small exsertions; disc depressed, ca 1 mm diam. Female flowers: solitary; pedicel 1–2 mm long; ovary ovoid, 4–6 by 2–3 mm, (densely) soft- or coarse-hairy, the hairs patent or ± upward directed; staminodes minute; style glabrous. Fruit solitary, ellipsoid, 2–4 by 1.5–2.5 cm, either densely soft-hairy or sparsely hairy and later on glabrescent; pericarp thin, not or hardly translucent; fruiting pedicel 4–10 mm long. Seeds numerous, pyriform-ovoid, only little compressed, (4–)5–6 by 3–4 by 2 mm, margin narrow, with 2 grooves; faces flattish, shallowly verrucose-rugose. Field note.— Fruits whitish, ultimately red. Distribution.— East Malesia: Sulawesi, Moluccas (Ternate, type; Bacan, Soela Islands, Buru, Ambon), New Guinea (Vogelkop Peninsula). Ecology.— Forest edges, hedges, shrubberies near the coast; on limestone; at low altitudes. Flowering & fruiting throughout the year.

KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES

1a. Fruit sparsely long-hairy, hairs 1–2 mm long a. subsp. rumphiana 1b. Fruit densely short-hairy, hairs up to 0.5 mm long b. subsp. tomentosa

a. subsp. rumphiana Mukia celebica (Cogn.) F.M. Baily, Queensl. Fl. 2: 700, for the type only. 1900; C. Jeffrey in Hooker’s Ic. Pl. 37, 3: 11, table 3664. 1969.— Melothria celebica Cogn. in A. & C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 3: 625. 1881; in Engl., Pflanzenr. 66 (family no. 4.275.1): 128. 1916. Type: Indonesia, Sulawesi, Tondano, Forsten 96 (holotype L).— M. javanica auct. non (Miq.) Cogn.: Merr., Interpretation Rumph. Herb. Amb.: 491. 1917.— Cucumis murinus ruber Rumph., Herb. Amb. 5: 463, tab. 171, f. 1 & A. 1750. Ovary (densely) hairy, hairs 1–2 mm long. Fruits ± glossy with sparse hairs 1–2 mm long. Distribution.— Indonesia: N Sulawesi (Minahassa); northern Moluccas (Bacan, Ternate, Soela Islands, Buru, Ambon); Papua (Vogelkop Peninsula). Ecology.— Sea level up to 600 m altitude. Flowering & fruiting throughout the year. Specimens examined.— Bâguin 1588; 1623; Burley, Tukirin et al. 3563; De Wiljes- Hissink 80; Koorders 16592; Nooteboom 5342; Polak 758; Ramlanto 957; Van Royen & Sleumer 6880; Yumte 265.

b. subsp. tomentosa W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes, subsp. nov. A subspecie typica fructibus dense velutine pubescentibus differt. Typus: Indonesia, Buru, Van Balgooy 4782 (holotypus BO; isotypi L, K, KYO). Figs. 3, 4F. Ovary and fruits densely velvety grey-hairy, hairs to 0.5 mm long. Distribution.— Indonesia: SW Sulawesi; Buru. Ecology.— Limestone area; 500–1,000 m altitude. Flowering & fruiting:August to January. 48 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 3. Mukia rumphiana (Scheff.) W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes subsp. tomentosa W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes. A. twig with male inflorescences; B. male inflorescence; C, C2 . male flowers, from outside and opened respectively; D. anthers; E. node with immature female flower; F, G. female flowers, from outside and opened respectively; H. node with fruit; I. seed (A—I: De Wilde & Duyfjes 21757). Drawn by Jan van Os. MUKIA ARN. (CUCURBITACEAE) IN ASIA, IN PARTICULAR IN THAILAND (W.J.J.O. DE WILDE & B.E.E. DUYFJES) 49

Note.— The distribution of the subspecies rumphiana and tomentosa seem to exclude each other, but both subspecies are found on Buru. Specimens examined.— De Wilde & Duyfjes 21750; 21757; Van Balgooy 4782 (type); Wieringa 1872.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We feel much indebted and grateful to Dr. Kongkanda Chayamarit and the staff of BKF who facilitated us on our trips to see and collect Mukia in the wild. Herbarium collections from A, AAU, BK, BKF, BM, BO, BRI, E, K, KEP, L, P, SING, U, WAG, and WRSL were used for the present treatment of Mukia. We thank Pramote Triboun (Khon Kaen) for providing an informative photograph of Mukia gracilis. As usual Jan Frits Veldkamp (Leiden) kindly provided the translations into Latin of the diagnoses of the new taxa, Jan van Os (Leiden) prepared the beautiful drawings, Ben Kieft (Leiden) scanned the drawings and photos, Bertie Joan van Heuven and Raymond van der Ham (both Leiden) prepared and described the pollen, while Hanno Schaefer (Munich) did the molecular analysis of Dicoelospermum ritchiei, respectively, and Luc Willemse (Leiden) helped with the realisation of the identification list, using BRAHMS.

REFERENCES

Clarke, C.B. (1879). Cucurbitaceae. In: J.D. Hooker (ed.), The Flora of British India 2: 604–635. Reeve & Co., London. De Wilde, W.J.J.O. & Duyfjes, B.E.E. (2004). Zehneria (Cucurbitaceae) in Thailand, with a note on the Indian Zehneria maysorensis. Thai For. Bull. (Bot.) 32: 15–31. ______. (2006). Redefinition of Zehneria and four new related genera (Cucurbitaceae), with an enumeration of the Australasian and Pacific species. Blumea 51: 1–88. Forest Herbarium. (2001). Thai Plant Names Tem Smitinand, revised edition. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department. Jeffrey, C. (1969). The genus Mukia in Asia, Malesia and Australasia. Hooker’s Icones Plantarum 5, 7, Part 3: 1–12, Tab. 3661–3664. Telford, I.R. (1982). Cucurbitaceae. Flora of Australia 8: 158–198, 205. Meeuse, A.D.J. (1962). The Cucurbitaceae of Southern Africa. Bothalia 8, 1: 14. Post, T. von & Kuntze, O. (1903). Lexicon Generum Phanerogamarum. Deutsche Verlags- Anstalt, Stuttgart. 50 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

IDENTIFICATIONIDENTIFICATION LIST LIST

Mukia gracilisgracilis == 1 1 Mukia javanica = 2 Mukia leiosperma = 3 Mukia maderaspatana = 4 Mukia ritchiei = 5 Mukia rumphiana subsp. rumphiana = 6a Mukia rumphiana subsp. tomentosa = 6b Mukia sp. = 7 Amin SANSAN 67376: 67376: 4; 4; - Atmodjo- Atmodjo 312: 312: 2. 2. Backer 7643: 4; - Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr. 1343: 2; 7613: 2; - Balansa 4012: 4; - van Balgooy 4782: 6b; - Barnes 985: 3; - Beddome 3280: 3; 3282: 3; - Bâguin 1074: 6a; 1588: 6a; 1623: 6a; - van Beusekom 1644: 3; 3567: 1; - Bloembergen 3750: 4; 4334: 6a; - Blume 924: 2; - Bon 4542: 4; - Bourne 1094: 3; 1626: 3; - Brass 3695: 4; 6357: 4; - Bumisra 749: 4;4; -- Bunchuai KB KB 65: 65: 4; 4; - - BünnemeyerB¸nnemeyer 3827:3827: 2; 2; - - BurleyBurley 3563: 3563: 6a. 6a. Ching 6463: 2; - Clason 62A: 4; - Codd 6024: 4; - Craven 7584: 7. Darbyshire 696: 4; - Dietrich 1189: 4. Elbert 3326: 4; - Elmer 11135: 4; - Eyma 3455: 4. Forsten 96: 6a; - Fosberg 37640: 4; - Frodin UPNG 3735: 4; UPNG 4282: 4; - Fryar NGF 3939: 4; - Fryxell 4697: 7; - Fukuoka T 63710:1; T 63713: 1. Gamble 14557: 3; 16191: 3; - Garrett 469: 1. de Haas 2011: 4; - Hallier 4646: 4; - Hatusima 17420: 4; - Henry NT 34006: 4; - Henty NGF 38646: 4; NGF 49703: 4; - Herb. Hasskarl 3943: 3; - Herb. Reinwardt 1761: 2; 1766: 2; - Heyligers 1176: 4; - Hildebrandt 2038: 4; - Ho-Yih Liu 2006: 4; - Hohenacker 1505: 3; - Huang 10680: 4. Iboet 497: 4; - Insani 10: 4; - Iwatsuki T-11077: 2; T-10327: 4. Jeng 2494: 4; - Junghuhn 87: 4. Keng K 2512: 4; - Kerr 3012: 1; 3024: 4; - Koch 23: 4; - Koedoes 1124: 4; - Koorders 16590b: 4; 16590: 6a; 16592: 6a; 21132b: 4; - Kostermans 693: 4; 1256: 4; 28012: 4; - Kramer 7913: 4 Larsen 34440: 1; 44534: 4; - Lin 130: 4; - LˆrzingLörzing 6177: 6177: 2; 2; 13069: 13069: 4. 4. Maconochie 927: 4; - Makino 1338: 4; - Maries 413: 4; - Maxwell 02-434: 1; 75-597: 2; 90-658: 4; 95-764: 4; 91-946: 2; 88-1057: 1; 93-1068: 1; 95-1106: 2; 89-1157: 4; 89-1237: 1; 93- 1276: 1; 89-1418: 4; - McClure 8191: 2; - McKee 8320: 4; - Meebold 9452: 5; - Meeuse 9217: 4; - Meijer 6690: 2; - Merrill 3379: 2; BS 6299: 4; BS 10629: 4; - Millar NGF 37631: 4; - Mohan RHT 11723: 3; - Murata T 15984: 1; t 15985: 1; T 17041: 4; T 17297: 4;4; T T 17308: 17308: 4; 4; T T38406: 38406: 2; 2;T 41775: T 41775: 2; T 2; 50302: T 50302: 4; T 52637:4; T 52637: 4. 4. Noerkas 51: 4; - Nooteboom 5342: 6a. Ollerenshaw PO 1161: 4. MUKIA ARN. (CUCURBITACEAE) IN ASIA, IN PARTICULAR IN THAILAND (W.J.J.O. DE WILDE & B.E.E. DUYFJES) 51

Palee 351: 4; 427: 1; - Panatkool 196: 4; - Panigrahi 13295A: 4; - Pâtelot 1193: 4; - Phengklai 2971: 2; - Phonsena 3909: 4; 4454: 4; 4472: 4; - Poilane 8801: 2; 9564: 4; 19754: 2; 26717: 4; 30416: 4; - Polak 758: 6a; - Pullen 6804: 4; - Put 1789: 2; 2664: 4. Raap 185: 2; 499: 4; - Ramlanto 957: 6a; - Ramos BS 38482: 4; - Rao BSI 39075: 4; - Ritchie 316: 5; 318: 5; - Robson 837: 4; - Rodenburg 58: 4; - van Royen 5089: 4; 6726: 4; 6880: 6a. Saito 4098: 4; - Sands 4728: 7; - Schmutz 123: 4; - Schweinfurth 97: 4; - Setthi 25727: 4; - Shimizu T-10728: 1; T-28372: 4; - Soejarto 11349: 4; - Specht 493: 4; 791: 4; - van Steenis 10346: 6b; - Stevens LAE 50156: 4; - Stoddart 4044: 4; 4565: 4; - Streimann NGF 27791: 4; NGF 35840: 4; - Subramanian 911: 4; - Sundaling SAN 99940: 2. Teysmann 7496: 6a; - Thomas AQ 587041: 7; - Thorel 87: 4. Venugopal 17742: 3; -Verheijen 2438: 4; 3670: 4; 4006: 4; 4149: 4; 4925: 4; - Versteegh 1954: 4. Wang 2198: 4; - Weber 1121: 4; - Wiakabu LAE 70413: 4; - Wieringa 1872: 6b; - Wight 1112: 3; 1126: 3; 1127: 3; - de Wilde 19244: 2; 21750: 6b; 21757: 6b; 21760: 4; 21845: 4; 21919: 4; 21932: 4; 22011: 4; 22152: 4; 22158: 2; 22161: 2; 22273: 2; SAN 141902: 2; SAN 141920: 4; SAN 141930: 4; - de Wiljes-Hissink 80: 6a; - Wilson 2: 4; 8389: 4; - Winkler 2268: 2. Yang 3069: 4; - Yen 177: 4; - Yumte 265: 6a. Zippelius 107: 4; - Zollinger 160: 2. 52 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

B

A D

E

C F

Figure 4. A. Mukia gracilis (Kurz) W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes, habit (Doi Suthep-Pui NP), photographed by Pramote Tribun; B. Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M. Roem., male flowers, (Ang Phak Nam, Chon Buri); C. Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M. Roem., fruits, (near Bangkok); D. Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M. Roem., fruits, different form (Doi Inthanon NP); E. Mukia javanica (Miq.) C. Jeffrey, fruits, (Mae Sa Nam Arboretum, Chiang Mai); F. Mukia rumphiana (Scheff.) W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes subsp. tomentosa W.J. de Wilde & Duyfjes, fruit (SW Sulawesi). B.–F. photographed by W.J.J.O. de Wilde. THAI FOR. BULL. (BOT.) 34: 53–175. 2006.

A synoptic account of the of Thailand

CHAMLONG PHENGKLAI*

ABSTRACT. As part of the taxonomic revision towards a treatment of the family Fagaceae for the Flora of Thailand, a preliminary account is provided with keys to the genera, species, subspecies and varieties, full synonymy, notes on geographical and ecological distributions, vernacular names and uses. The account comprises 4 genera, 119 species, 2 subspecies and 2 varieties indigenous to Thailand.

FAGACEAE Monoecious evergreen or deciduous trees. Stipules caducous. Leaves simple, spirally arranged, rarely in whorls, pinnately nerved, margin entire or serrate. Inflorescences solitary or branched, male and female separate or androgynous (female flowers towards base, male towards apex) or mixed. Male inflorescences erect or pendulous, with flowers solitary or in clusters. Perianth 6–lobed. Stamens 10–12, anthers basifixed or dorsifixed; rudimentary ovary hairy where present. Female, androgynous and mixed inflorescences erect. Female flowers solitary or in clusters, each flower surrounded by a cupule. Ovary inferior, 3–(6) locular, each locule with 2 anatropous ovules, styles as many as locules; stigmas capitate or punctiform; staminodes 6(–12) or absent. Cupules saucer- or cup- shaped, solitary or in clusters, often woody to enclosing the nut; it variously muricate, scaly, spiny, tuberculate or with concentric or spiral lamellae, rarely almost smooth; indehiscent or dehiscent. Nuts ovoid, tubular, triangular or subdepressed, completely enclosed or enclosed at base only by the sessile or stalked cupule, bearing a flattened, concave or convex circular scar below. A family of 8 genera and about 700 species widely distributed mainly in the northern hemisphere. Four genera with 119 species, 2 subspecies, and 2 varieties indigenous to Thailand.

KEY TO THE GENERA (based on flowering specimens)

1. Male flowers with rudimentary ovary present. Stamens 10–12, anthers dorsifixed. Female flowers with 10–12 staminodes, stigmata punctiform. Male and female inflorescence always erect 2. Cupule-primordia already developed before anthesis, always solitary, with distinct vertical sutures, with 2–4(–8) separate growing points, enclosing 1–3(–7) flowers 1. Castanopsis

* Fellow of the Acadamy of Science, the Royal Institute, Thailand, c/o Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. This work was supported by The Biodiversity Research and Training Program (BRT). 54 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

2. Cupule-primodia not developed before anthesis, solitary or in dichasial clusters, ring-shaped withouts vertical suture and separate growing points, enclosing 1 flower only 2. Lithocarpus 1. Male flowers without rudimentary ovary. Stamens 5–6(–9), anthers basifixed. Female flowers without staminodes (or rarely 5–6 staminodes), stigmata capitate. Male inflorescence pendulous (rarely suberect) 3. Inflorescence always unisexual, simple. Male inflorescence pendulous. Female flowers always solitary, staminodes sometimes present, Ovary round in outline. Terminal buds densely crowded, the scales with a tendency towards orthostichy. Stipules not interpetiolar 3. Quercus 3. Inflorescence unisexual or bisexual, simple or much branched. Male inflorescence sub-erect. Female flowers in dichasial clusters 3–15, staminodes absent. Ovary trigonous in outline. Terminal buds not densely crowded, scales imbricate. Stipules interpetiolar 4. Trigonobalanus

KEY TO THE GENERA (based on acorns)

1. Margin of mature cupules entire, indehiscent (except 4 spp. of Lithocarpus*) 2. Stigmas punctiform (early acorn development), terminal buds solitary 2. Lithocarpus 2. Stigmas capitate (early acorn development), terminal buds crowded 3. Quercus 1. Margin of mature cupules lobed or irregularly lobed at dehiscence 3. Nut round in outline, cupules dehiscent, with up to 4 irregular lobes, wall of cupule mostly with spines 1. Castanopsis 3. Nut triangular in outline, Cupules broadly saucer-shaped, margin with not less than 7 irregular- undulate lobes, wall of cupule without spines 4. Trigonobalanus

* L. enclisacarpus, L. pattaniensis, L. falconeri & L. platycarpus.

KEY TO THE GENERA (based on vegetative and field characteristic)

1. Stipules extrapetiolar. Leaves not changing colour before falling off 2. Petioles not geniculate. Inner bark with ridges strongly penetrating surface of sapwood 3. Terminal buds crowded. Leaves mostly with serrate margin 3. Quercus 3. Terminal buds solitary. Leaves with entire margin 2. Lithocarpus 2. Petiole geniculate. Inner bark without ridges penetrating surface of sapwood 1. Castanopsis 1. Stipules interpetiolar. Leaves turning yellowish before falling off 4. Trigonobalanus

1. CASTANOPSIS*

(D.Don) Spach, Hist. Nat. Vâg. 2: 185. 1842; Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 103. 1863; Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 3: 409. 1880; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 93. 1889; Schneider, Illust. Handb. Laubh. 1: 159. 1906; Rehder & E.H.Wilson in C.S.Sargent, Pl. Wilson 3: 97. 1916; A.Camus, Châtaigniers, Texte.: 243. 1929; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1007. 1930; Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 7: 384. 1968; Soepadmo in Fl. Males. 7(2): 294. 1972.— Callaeocarpus Miq., Pl. Jungh.: 13. 1851.— Chrysolepis Hjelmq., Bot. Not. Suppl. 2, 1: 117. 1948; Forman, Kew Bull. 18, 1966: 425.

* with T. Jonganurak, Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 55

Evergreen trees, rarely shrubs. Branchlets initially densely yellowish brown- pubescent. Terminal buds ovoid to ellipsoid, scales ovate to linear. Stipules extrapetiolar, caducous. Leaves spiral, entire or serrate, rarely lobed, glabrous or sparsely hairy unless along nerves on lower surface and then petioles much swollen near base and always geniculate. Inflorescences male and female separate or female below and male on the upper part in some erect spikes, occasionally mixed, densely stellate pubescent including bracts and bracteoles. Male inflorescences simple and axillary or much-branched and subterminal. Flowers solitary or in clusters of 3 or more, with one or more small bracts; perianth campanulate or cup-shaped, usually 6-lobed, free or minutely connate near base. Stamens 12, occasionally fewer, glabrous, anthers dorsifixed. Rudimentary ovary subglobose, villous or with several villous scales. Female, androgynous or mixed inflorescences solitary in the axil or in the upper part of a paniculate cluster with males. Flowers solitary or in clusters of three or more, perianth bracts and bracteoles as in male but smaller. Staminodes 10-12. Styles 3, occasionally 4, cylindrical, hairy at the base; stigmas terminal and punctiform. Ripe cupule completely enclosing the one to four nuts, often dehiscent, covered by whorls of simple or branched spines or tubercles, or with entire rings when it is distinctly oblique. Fruits ovoid or rounded with the adjoining sides flattened; scar present. A genus of about 120 species, widely distributed in the subtropical and tropical parts of South Asia, almost to Australia, and with a divergent distribution in the South- Western United States of America; 33 species are indigenous to Thailand.

KEY TO THE SPECIES (based on vegetative characters and acorns)

1. Cupules covered with thin imbricate scales on outer part or smooth. Nuts simple, ovoid or occasionally depressed 2. Cupules smooth, without scales, only 3–4 undulate lines on outer part, cupule enclosing nut completely except for the apical umbo. Acorns pyriform. Nuts ovoid 24. C. piriformis 2. Cupules with thin imbricate scales, lamellate 3. Leaves serrate 4. Scales acute and erect at apex. Cupules enclosing up to half of the nut 5. Fruit rachis up to 10 cm long. Petioles usually with one gland on the upper side 13. C. fissa 5. Fruit rachis not less than 15 cm long. Petioles without gland 6. C. calathiformis 4. Scales truncate at apex. Cupules enclosing three-quarters of the nut 6. Scar at base of nut flat. Leaves glabrous 7. C. cerebrina 6. Scar at base of nut curved. Leaves tomentose on lower surface, glabrescent 30. C. siamensis 3. Leaves entire. Cupules enclosing nut completely except the apical umbo, skin of mature acorn with only 4–5 undulate lines 19. C. lanceifolia 1. Cupules covered with spines or tubercles. Nuts solitary or up to 4, ovoid or flattened to one longitudinal side, occasionally depressed 7. Cupules with branched or branched and simple spines 8. Cupules with both branched and simple spines, spines hairy, glabrescent 9. Nut solitary in each cupule 10. Nuts curved to one side, apex and base close together, but globose in outline 11. C. echidnocarpa 10. Nuts ovoid, regular 3. C. argyrophylla 9. Nuts (1–)2–4 in each cupule 11. Cupule densely covered with brittle, straight and hairy spines. Cupule more or less indehiscent when dry 16. C. hystrix 56 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

11. Cupule sparsely covered with woody, curved and glabrous spines. Cupule dehiscent into (3–)4 parts when dry 29. C. schefferiana 8. Cupules with branched spines only 12. Spines partially covering the skin of the cupule 13.Cupules to 2.5 cm in diam. (including spines), spines sparsely hairy 14. Nut urceolate. Cupule with 1–3 nuts, dehiscing into 3–5 parts. Leaf lower surface covered with dense, short, simple hairs 31. C. thaiensis 14. Nut ovoid. Cupule with 1 nut, indehiscent. Leaves sparsely hairy and glabrescent or lower surface possessing dense, short, simple hairs. 15.Leaf lower surface possessing dense, short hairs, not glabrescent 14. C. fordii 15.Leaf lower surface possessing sparse, short hairs, glabrescent 16. Spines erect, squarrose, with 3–5 branches. Cupules equal in dimensions. Leaves serrate on upper-half 25. C. pseudo-hystrix 16. Spines always 2–3 branched, reclinate from the base. Cupules always with an unequal side when young. Leaves entire 22. C. nephelioides 13. Cupules not less than 4 cm in diam. (including spines), spines densely hairy 17. Cupules entire, inner part with soft, silky white hairs. Fruit stalk 2–5 mm long 26. C. purpurea 17. Cupules usually 2-lobed, inner part sparsely hairy. Fruit stalk sessile 23. C. pierrei 12. Spines entirely covered the skin of cupules 18. Spines strongly squarrose, with 3–7 branches 33. C. wallichii 18. Spines erect, pointed 19. Nuts up to 2.5 by 1.5 cm. Petiole up to 1.5 cm long 2. C. argentea 19. Nuts not less than 4 by 2.5 cm. Petiole not less than 1.5 cm. long 21. C. megacarpa 7. Cupules with simple spines only 20. Spines curved, not dense, the cupule skin easily visible 21. Spines irregularly arranged on the skin of the cupule 22. Spines straight at base, towards apex recurved away from the cupule. Cupules always dehiscent. Nuts ovoid, glabrous. Leaves serrate on the upper half 1. C. acuminatissima 22. Spines straight at base, towards apex curved inward towards the cupule. Cupules rarely dehiscent. Nuts depressed at base, silvery hairy. Leaves entire 8. C. costata 21. Spines regularly arranged in crossed or twisted lines on the skin of the cupule 23. Cupules globular, spines arranged in crossed lines. Leaves obovate or oblong 18. C. inermis 23. Cupules ellipsoid, rarely ovoid, spines arranged in twisted lines. Leaves lanceolate or oblong 32. C. tribuloides 20. Spines straight, dense and completely covering the skin of the cupule 24. Cupules (including spines) not less than 4 cm in diam. (usually 4.5–6.5 cm) 25. Cupules in clusters of 2–3 on the rachis 26. Nuts solitary in each cupule, scar more than half the length of the nut and fused with the cupule skin 4. C. armata 26. Nuts (1–)2-4 in each cupule, scar only on the base of nut and only partially fused with cupule ski 28. C. rockii 25. Cupules solitary 27. Nuts ovoid or globose, with orbicular indumentum around the umbo 10. C. diversifolia 27. Nuts flattened on one longitudinal side, with stellate indumentum around the umbo 20. C. malaccensis 24. Cupules (including spines) not exceeding 4 cm. in diam. (usually 2.5–4 cm) 28. Nuts broader than long, depressed at both apex and base 29. Nuts solitary, cupule completely enclosing the nut. Leaves shortly cuspidate at apex, slightly cuneate at base 15. C. javanica A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 57

29. Nuts (2–)3 per cupule, the latter enclosing two-thirds to three-quarters of the nut. Leaves obtuse at base and apex 5. C. brevispinula 28. Nuts longer than broad 30. Leaves oblong, elliptic, ovate or obovate. 31. Leaves serrate. Nuts conical or ovoid, usually curved to one longitudinal side. Cupules usually in cluster 2-3 17. C. indica 31. Leaves entire. Nuts globular or conical, slightly flattened on adaxial side. Cupules always solitary 27. C. rhamnifolia 30. Leaves lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, rarely elliptic or ovate 32. Adaxial side of young cupules with one glabrous, narrow stripe from apex to the base 9. C. crassifolia 32. Adaxial and the opposite sides of young cupules with irregularly diffuse hairs throughout 12. C. ferox

1. Castanopsis acuminatissima (Blume) A.DC, J. Bot. 1: 182. 1863; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1012. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 162. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 336. 1944; Soepadmo in Fl. Males. 7(2): 307. 1972; Soepadmo, Julia & Go, Fl. Sabah, 3: 7. 2000.— Castanea acuminatissima Blume, Mus. Bot. 1: 283. 1850.— C. sessilifolia Blume, Mus. Bot. 1: 284. 1850.— Quercus lineata Miq. (non Blume), Pl. Jungh. 1: 10. 1851.— Q. junghuhnii Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 853. 1856; Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 471; Craib, Con. Fl. Siam, Aberd. Univ.: 199. 1912.— Q. fargiformis Jungh., Bonplandia (Hannover) 6: 83.1858.—Q. acuminatissima (Blume) A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 102. 1864; Backer & Bakh.f.; Fl. Java 2: 6. 1965.— Pasania acuminatissima (A.DC) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 83. 1866; Ridley. Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 386. 1924.— Synaedrys fargiformis (Jungh.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 187. 1916.— Castanopsis bejaudii A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., II, 13: 479. 1942. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak, Phitsanulok; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; CENTRAL: Nakhon Nayok; SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi. PENINSULAR: Yala. Distribution.— India, Myanma, Indo-China, Malaysia, Indonesia (type), Taiwan, Japan, New Guinea. Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest, lower montane forest, and mixed deciduous forest, on granite and limestone bedrock. Vernacular.— Ko dueai (°Õ‡¥à Õ¬◊), ko nam (°ÕÀπ“¡à ), ko laem (°Õ·À≈¡à ) (Northern); ko it ( °ÕÕà ¥‘ ), ko mad (°ÕÀ¡à ¥— ), ko daeng (°Õ·¥ßà ), (North-eastern); ko kin nuai (°Õ°à πÀπ‘ «¬à ) (Eastern). U s e s.— Nuts edible, a pioneer species suitable for forest rehabilitation.

2. Castanopsis argentea (Blume) A.DC., J. Bot. 1: 182. 1863; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 2: 4. 1965; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 179. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 336. 1944; Soepadmo in Fl. Males. 7(2): 311. 1972.— Fagus argentea Blume, Flora 7: 58 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

10 11 12

Figure 1. Various fruits of the genus Castanopsis: 1) °àÕ‡¥◊Õ¬ Castanopsis acuminatissima; 2) °àÕ¢“« C. argentea; 3) °àÕÀ¬ÿ¡ C. argyrophylla; 4) °àÕÀ√—Ëß C. armata; 5) °àÕ°—π C. brevispinula; 6) °àÕÀ¡Ÿ¥Õ¬ C. calathiformis; 7) °àÕµ“À¡Ÿ C. cerebrina; 8) °àÕ√‘È« C. costata; 9) °àÕ·Àâß C. crassifolia; 10) °àÕ·ªÑπ C. diversifolia; 11) °àÕ·ªÑπ C. echidnocarpa; 12) °àÕ·À≈¡ C. ferox. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 59

13 14 15

16 17 18

19 20 21

22 23 24

Figure 2. Various fruits and flowers of the genus Castanopsis: 13) °àÕµ“À¡Ÿ Castanopsis fissa; 14) °àÕπà“π female flower of C. fordii; 15) °àÕÀ¡Ÿ C. javanica; 16) °àÕ·¥ß C. hystrix; 17) °àÕ≈‘Ë¡ C. indica; 18) °àբ⓫ C. inermis; 19) °àÕ‡¥’ˬ« C. lanceifolia; 20) °àÕ¥“π C. malaccensis; 21) °àÕ‡¡àπ C. megacarpa; 22) °àÕÀ¡ Ÿ C. nephelioides; 23) °àÕ¢’ÈÀ¡Ÿ C. pierrei; 24) °àÕÀ‘π C. piriformis. 60 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

25 26 27

28 29 30

31 32 33

Figure 3. Various fruits of the genus Castanopsis: 25) °àÕ·¥ß Castanopsis pseudo-hystrix; 26) °àÕ¥“π C. purpurea; 27) °àÕ¢’ÈÀ¡Ÿ C. rhamnifolia; 28) °àÕ√Õ§ C. rockii; 29) °àÕ‡¢’Ȭ«À¡Ÿ C. schefferiana; 31) °àÕ‰∑¬ C. thaiensis; 32) °àÕ„∫‡≈◊ËÕ¡ C. tribuloides; 33) °àÕ∫â“π C. wallichii.

291. 1824.— Castanea argentea (Blume) Blume, Bijdr.: 525. 1826; Blume, Fl. Javae Cupul.: 40, t. 21. 1829; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2: 479. 1877.— C. martabanica Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 5., t. 107. 1830; Wall. ex Hook.f. in Fl. Brit. India 5: 621. 1888; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 98, t. 89. 1889. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Tak; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun; PENINSULAR: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Distribution.— Myanma, Malaysia, Indonesia (type). Ecology.— Hill evergreen forest, pine-dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous forest, savannah, alt. 50–1680 m. (usually 900–1100 m). Flowering Jan.–Dec. (usually March– April), fruiting Feb.–Nov. (usually May–July). Vernacular.—Ko paen (°àÕ·ªÑπ) (Northern); ko rang (°àÕ√—Èß) (North-eastern); ko khao A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 61

(°àÕ¢“«); ko krang (°àÕ°√—ß), ko paen (°àÕ·ªÑπ), ko khao (°àÕ‡¢“) (Peninsular). Uses.— Nuts edible.

3. Castanopsis argyrophylla King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 622. 1888; Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 473. 1911; Craib, Con. Fl. Siam., Aberd. Univ.: 202. 1912; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1014. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 170. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 236. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 497. 1968; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China, 4: 324. 1999.— Castanea tribuloides (non Lindl.) Smith var. ferox Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2: 481. 1877. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lamphun, Lampang, Tak, Sukhothai; NORTHEASTERN: Loei, Mukdahan; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; PENINSULAR: Trang. Distribution.— China, India, Myanma (type), Vietnam. Ecology.— Lower montane evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, oak-pine forest, alt. 350–1300 m. (usually 500–900 m). Flowering Feb.–Nov. (usually June–July), fruiting March–Dec. (usually Aug.–Nov.). Vernacular.— Ko yum (°àÕÀ¬ÿ¡), ko hua lok (°àÕÀ—«≈Õ°), ko ti (°àÕµ’), ko nam bai lek (°ÕÀπ“¡„∫‡≈à °Á ), ko kang dang (°Õ°à “ߥ⠓ßâ ), ko ta mu luang (°Õµ“À¡à À≈«ßŸ ) (Northern).

4. Castanopsis armata (Roxb.) Spach., Hist. Nat. Vég. 11: 185. 1842; Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 119. 1863; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 622. 1888; Paulsen, Fl. Koh Chang, 24.3: 255. 1902; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1031. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 175. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 366. 1944.— Quercus armata Roxb. (non D.Don), Pl. Coromandel 3: 92, t. 296. 1819; Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3: 640. 1832; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 640. 1888.— Castanopsis tribuloides (Sm.) A.DC. var. armata (Roxb.) Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2: 481. 1877. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Phrae, Tak; NORTHEASTERN: Loei; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; PENINSULAR: Trang. Distribution.— India, Nepal, Myanma (type) Ecology.— Lower montane forest, lowland evergreen forest, pine-mixed deciduous forest, oak-pine forest, alt. 100–1850 m. (usually 800–1100 m. Flowering Jan.–Sept. (usually Feb.–April), fruiting Jan.–Dec. (usually March–July). Vernacular.— Ko rang (°àÕÀ√—Ëß), ko ti bai lueam (°àÕµ’Ë„∫‡≈◊ËÕ¡), ko nam (°àÕπÈ”), ko soi (°Õ √à Õ¬â ), ko paen (°Õ·ªà πÑ ), mamun (¡–¡πŸ ) (Northern); ko hin (°ÕÀà π‘ ) (Northeastern); ko khao (°Õ¢à “«â ), ko lang khao (°ÕÀ≈à ߢ“«— ) (Peninsular). Uses.— Nuts edible.

5. Castanopsis brevispinula Hickel & A.Camus, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 68: 395. 1922; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1015. 1930. Fig. 4. 62 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 4. Castanopsis brevispinula Hickel & A. Camus: A. twig, leaves and inflorescences (Suvanasudhi 112), A-1 parts of female inflorescence, A-2 bud, A-3 ovary; B. male flower, B-1 part of male flower; C. parts of infructescence, C-1 acorn, C-2 nut. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 63

Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Tak; NORTHEASTERN: Loei; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi. Distribution.— Laos (type). Ecology.— Lower montane evergreen forest, oak-pine forest, alt. 650–1600 m. (usually 1000–1400 m). Flowering March–June, fruiting March–Nov. Vernacular.— Ko kan (°àÕ°—π) (Northern).

6. Castanopsis calathiformis (Skan) Rehder & Wilson in C.S.Sargent, Pl. Wilson 3: 204. 1916; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 191a. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 336. 1944; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 320. 1999.— Quercus calathiformis Skan, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 508. 1899.— Synaedrys calathiformis (Skan) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 188. 1916.— Pasania calathiformis (Skan) Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 408. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1004. 1930.— Lithocarpus calathiformis (Skan) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Lampang. Distribution.— China (Yunnan, type), Laos, Vietnam. Ecology.— In moist upper mixed deciduous forest, hill evergreen forest, to lower and upper montane forests, on granite bedrock, alt. 700–2000 m. (usually 1800–2000 m). Flowering Jan.–May (usually April–May), fruiting April–Dec. (usually July–Oct.). Vernacular.— Ko mu doi (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ¥Õ¬), ko khi mu (°àÕ¢’ÈÀ¡),Ÿ ko nam (°àÕπÈ”), ko ta mu (°Õµ“À¡à )Ÿ (Northern). Uses.— Nuts edible

7. Castanopsis cerebrina (Hickel & A.Camus) Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 405. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 183. 1944.— Pasania cerebrina Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Nat. Bot. 3: 408. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1004. 1930.— Lithocarpus cerebinus (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus, Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 15: 25. 1935. Fig. 5. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang. Distribution.— Vietnam (type). Ecology.— On ridge of hill evergreen forest and mixed deciduous forest, alt. 900– 1800 m. (usually 900–1500 m) Flowering March–June (usually March–April), fruiting March–Dec. (usually March–April). Vernacular.— Ko ta mu (°Õµ“À¡à )Ÿ (Northern).

8. Castanopsis costata (Blume) A.DC., J. Bot. 1: 182. 1863; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 110. 1864; Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 456. 1915; Ridley, Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 390. 1924; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 168. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & 64 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 5. Castanopsis cerebrina (Hickel & A. Camus) Barnett: A. twig, leaves and female inflorescences (Smitinand 1781), A-1 bud; B. male inflorescences (Maxwell 96-582), B-1 male flower; C. infructescence (Maxwell 97-1455), C-1 acorn, C-2 nut (germinating). A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 65

Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 336. 1944. Soepadmo in Fl. Males. 7(2): 312. 1972; Soepadmo, Julia & Go, Fl. Sabah, 3: 12. 2000.— Castanea costata Blume, Mus. Bot. 1: 284. 1851.— C. brevicuspis Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 866. 1856.— C. costa Blume var. bancana Scheff., Natuurw. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië31: 362. 1870; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 168. 1940. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Phatthalung, Trang. Distribution.— Malaysia, Indonesia (type), Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest, lower montane forest, by stream, on granite and limestone bedrock, alt. 75–1700 m. (usually 200–300 m). Flowering Feb.–June, fruiting April–Oct. Vernacular.— Ko (°Õà ), ko rio (°Õ√à «‘È ), ko mu (°ÕÀ¡à )Ÿ (Peninsular). Uses.— Nuts edible.

9. Castanopsis crassifolia Hickel & A.Camus, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 4: 122. 1928; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1027. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 437. 1940; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 332. 1999. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan; NORTHEASTERN: Loei. SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi, Trat; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Krabi, Pattani. Distribution.— China, Vietnam (type). Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest, oak-pine forest, lower montane evergreen forest, often by streams alt. 200–1600 m (usually 1050–1300 m). Flowering Jan.–Nov. (usually July–Dec.), fruiting Jan.–Dec. (usually March–Aug.). Vernacular.— Ko mu (°ÕÀ¡à ),Ÿ ko laem (°Õ·À≈¡à ), ko nam laem (°ÕÀπ“¡·À≈¡à ), ko nam (°àÕÀπ“¡) (Northern); ko (°àÕ), ko khao (°àբ⓫), ko haeng (°àÕ·Àâß) (North-eastern); ko dueai (°Õ‡¥à Õ¬◊) (South-eastern); ko rio (°Õ√à «‘È ), ko mu (°ÕÀ¡à )Ÿ (Peninsular). Uses.— Nuts edible.

10. Castanopsis diversifolia (Kurz) King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 620. 1888; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 96, t. 85a. 1889; Craib, Bull Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 473. 1911; Craib, Con. Fl. Siam. Aber. Univ.: 202. 1912; Brandis, Indian Trees: 634. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1022. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 165. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 366. 1944.— Castanea diversifolia Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, 44(2): 198. 1875; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2: 479. 1877. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Mae Hongson, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lampang, Tak; CENTRAL: Lop Buri. Distribution.— Myanma (type), Laos Ecology.— Lower and upper montane evergreen forests, scrub vegetation, mixed deciduous forest, on granite bedrock, alt. 700–2200 m (usually 1000–1500 m.) Flowering Feb.–Nov. (usually Feb.–Aug.). 66 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Vernacular.— Ko paen (°Õ·ªà πÑ ), ko rang (°ÕÀ√à ß—Ë ), ko (°Õà ), kao kwang (°«“«°«“ßâ ), ko ti (°àÕµ),’ ma ko (¡–°àÕ), ko nam (°àÕÀπ“¡) (Northeastern). Uses.— Nuts edible.

11. Castanopsis echidnocarpa Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 119. 1863; A.DC., J. Bot. 1: 182. 1864; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 112. 1864; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China, 4: 330. 1999.— Castanea echidnocarpa Hook.f. & Thomson ex A.DC., in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 112. 1864.— Castanopsis tribuloides (Smith.) A.DC. var. echidnocarpa (A.DC.) King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 623. 1888; Brandis, Indian Trees, ed 3: 635. 1906. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Nan, Lampang, Lamphun; NORTHEASTERN: Loei; EASTERN: Si Sa Ket; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; PENINSULAR: Chumphon, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Satun, Songkhla. Distribution.— Bangladesh, Bhutan, India (Khasi, type), Nepal, Myanma, China. Ecology.— Lower montane forest, oak-pine forest, dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous and deciduous dipterocarp forest, often by streams, alt. 50–1600 m (ususally 700–1200 m). Flowering April–Jan. (usually April–Sept.), fruiting March–Dec. (usually Aug.– Oct.). Vernacular.— Ko paen (°àÕ·ªÑπ), ko dueai (°àÕ‡¥◊Õ¬), ko kaeo (°àÕ·°â«) (Northern); ko khao (°Õ¢à “«â ) (Northeastern); ko khao (°Õ¢“«à ), ko mu (°ÕÀ¡à ),Ÿ ko nam (°ÕÀπ“¡à ) (Peninsular). Uses.— Nuts edible (often mixed with C. tribuloides nuts).

12. Castanopsis ferox (Roxb.) Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 11: 185. 1842; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 327. 1999.—Quercus ferox Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3: 638. 1832. Fig. 6. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Phrae; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi. Distribution.— India, Bangladesh, Myanma (type), Laos, Vietnam. Ecology.— Lower montane forest, alt. 820–1650 m (usually 1200–1400 m). Flowering March–Dec. (usually Dec.), fruiting Feb.–Dec. (frequently Dec.). Vernacular.— Ko laem (°Õ·À≈¡à ), ko dueai (°Õ‡¥à Õ¬◊), ma ko mu (¡–°ÕÀ¡à ).Ÿ

13. Castanopsis fissa (Champ. ex Benth) Rehder & E.H.Wilson in C.S. Sargent, Pl. Wilson 3: 203. 1916; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 191d. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 336. 1944; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China, 4: 320. 1999.— Quercus fissa Champ. ex Benth., Hook., J. Bot. 6: 114. 1854; A.DC., in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 104. 1864.— Pasania fissa (Champ. ex Benth.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 76. 1866; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1005. 1930.— Castanea regia Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., IV, 18: 231. 1862.— Synaedrys fissa (Champ. ex Benth.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 30: 187. 1916.— A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 67

Figure 6. Castanopsis ferox (Roxb.) Spach: A. twig, leaves and male inflorescences; A-1 male flower cluster, A-2 male flower, A-3 sepal and stamens; B. infructescence (van Beusekom & Phengklai 2343), B-1 young acorn, B-2 spines, B-3 insertion of spines, B-4 nut. 68 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Proc. Lithocarpus fissus (Champ. ex Benth.) A.Camus, Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 15: 24. 1935. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Lampang. Distribution.— China (Hong Kong, type), Myanma. Ecology.— Lower montane evergreen forest, alt. 1200–1300 m. Flowering Feb.– April, fruiting Nov. –Jan. Vernacular.— Ko ta mu (°Õµ“À¡à )Ÿ (Northern).

14. Castanopsis fordii Hance, J. Bot. 22: 230. 1884; Skan, J. Linn. Soc., Bot.. 26: 523. 1884; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 440. 1940; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 323. 1999. Fig. 7. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Nan. Distribution.— China (Kwangtung, type). Ecology.— Evergreen forest, alt. 900 m. Flowering July. Vernacular.— Ko nan (°Õπà “πà ) (Northern).

15. Castanopsis javanica (Blume) A.DC., J. Bot. 1: 182. 1863; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 111. 1864; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 602. 1888; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 97, t. 88. 1889; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 424. 1940; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 2: 4. 1965; Soepadmo in Fl. Males. 7(2): 306. 1972.— Fagus javanica Blume, Flora 7: 295. 1824.— Castanea javanica Blume, Bijdr.: 525. 1826.— C. montana Blume, Bijdr.: 526. 1826.— Quercus discocarpa Hance, J. Bot. 12: 242. 1874; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 616. 1888; Corner, Wayside Trees: 302. 1940.— Pasania discocarpa (Hance) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 447. 1915.— Synaedrys discocarpa (Hance) Koidz, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 186. 1916. Fig. 8. Thailand.— SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Distribution.— Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia (type). Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, alt. ca. 100 m. Flowering Jan., fruiting Nov.–Jan. Vernacular.— Ko mu (°ÕÀ¡à )Ÿ (Peninsular). Uses.— Nuts edible.

16. Castanopsis hystrix A.DC., J. Bot. 1: 128. 1863; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 111. 1864; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 620. 1888; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1025. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 416. 1940.— Castanea hystrix Hook.f. & Thomson ex Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 119. 1863.— Quercus rufescens Hook.f. & Thomson, Fl. Brit. India 5: 620. 1888. Fig. 9. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 69

Figure 7. Castanopsis fordii Hance: A. twig, leaves and female inflorescences (Larsen et al. 43548), A-1 female flower. 70 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 8. Castanopsis javanica (Blume) A. DC.: A. twig, leaves and female inflorescence (Abbe 9743), A-1 base of leaf, A-2 bud, A-3 female flower, A-4 ovary, A-5 cross section of ovary; B. male flower cluster, B-1 male flower; C. acorn with cupule partially removed (Santisuk s.n.), C-1. spines. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 71

Figure 9. Castanopsis hystrix (Hook.f. & Thoms. ex Miq.) A. DC.: A. twig and leaves; B. male inflorescences (Mazzetti 309), B-1 male flower; C. part of infructescence (Thomson s.n.), C-1 spines, C-2 nut. 72 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Distribution.— India (type), Myanma, Laos, Vietnam, China, Taiwan. Ecology.— Lower montane forest. Vernacular.— Ko daeng (°àÕ·¥ß) (Northern).

17. Castanopsis indica (Roxb. ex Lindl.) A.DC., J. Bot. 1: 182. 1863; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 109. 1864; King ex Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: 620. 1888; Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 473. 1911; Craib, Cont. Fl. Siam, Aber. Univ.: 202. 1912; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1027. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 159. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 366. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 495. 1968; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 323. 1999.— Castanea indica Roxb. ex Lindl. In N.Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 5. 1830; Roxb., Fl. Ind. 3: 643. 1832; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2: 478. 1877.— Quercus indica (Roxb. ex Lindl.) Drake, J. Bot. (Morot): 153. 1890. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lampang, Phitsanulok; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei, Khon Kaen; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum. Distribution.— India, Nepal (type), Myanma, China, Taiwan, Laos, Vietnam. Ecology.— Lower montane forest, deciduous dipterocarp forest, moist upper mixed deciduous forest, opened grassland; alt. 500–2000 m. (usually 500–900 m). Flowering Feb.– Dec. (usually Feb.–May), fruiting Feb.–Dec. (usually May–July), usually producing flowers and fruits at the same time. Vernacular.— Ko lim (°Õ≈à ¡)‘Ë , ko rang (°ÕÀ√à ß—Ë ), ko yum (°ÕÀ¬à ¡ÿ), ko nam (°ÕÀπ“¡à ), ko paen (°Õ·ªà πÑ ) (Northeastern); ko khao (°Õ¢à “«â ), ko ti (°Õµà ),’ ko daeng (°Õ·¥ßà ) (Northeastern). Uses.— Nuts edible.

18. Castanopsis inermis (Lindl.) Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 3: 409. 1880; A.Camus, Châtaigniers, Texte: 447; Atlas: t. 63. 1929; Corner, Wayside Trees: 292, f. 93, pl. 219. 1940; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 185. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 366. 1944; Soepadmo in Fl. Males. 7(2): 315. 1972.— Castanea inermis Lindl. in N.Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 6. 1831; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 116. 1864.— C. glomerata Blume (non Roxb.), Mus. Bot. 1: 283. 1850.— Callaeocarpus sumatrana Miq., Pl. Jungh.: 14. 1851; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 868. 1856.— Castanopsis sumatrana (Miq.) Oerst., Skr. Vidensk-Selsk. Christiana, Math.-Naturvidensk. Kl. 5(9): 378. 1873; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 623. 1888; Brandis, Indian Trees.: 635. 1921; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 390. 1924. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Nan; NORTHEASTERN: Nakhon Phanom; EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima; PENINSULAR: Surat Thani, Krabi, Phatthalung, Trang, Songkhla, Narathiwat. Distribution.— Myanma, Malaysia, Singapore (type), Indonesia, Philippines. Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, often by streams, on limestone and granite bedrock, alt. 80–200 m (ususally 80–100 m). Flowering Jan.–Nov. (usually Jan.– March), fruiting June–Dec. (ususally June–Aug.). A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 73

Vernacular.— Ko duei (°àÕ‡¥◊Õ¬) (Northeastern); ko herm (°àÕ‡À‘¡) (Northeastern); ko mu (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ), ko khao (°àբ⓫), ko ta mu (°àÕµ“À¡),Ÿ ko nam (°àÕÀπ“¡) (Peninsular). Uses.— Nuts edible.

19. Castanopsis lanceifolia (Oerst.) Hickel & A.Camus, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 68: 394. 1922; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1012. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 190. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 336. 1944.— Quercus lanceifolia Roxb. (non Schltdl. & Cham.), Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3: 634. 1832; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India. 5: 616. 1888; Paulsen, Fl. Koh Chang: 255. 1902; Brandis, Indian Trees: 632. 1921.— Pasania lanceifolia Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 84. 1866;— Castanea lanceaefolia (Oerst.) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu, App. A: cxxvii. 1875; Forest Fl. Burma 2: 482. 1877.— Synaedrys lanceaefolia Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 186. 1916.— Castanopsis roxburghiana S.N.Biswas, Bull. Bot. Surv. Ind. 11: 189. 1971. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan; SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi, Trat; PENINSULAR: Surat Thani. Distribution.— India (Himalaya, type), Bhutan, Myanma. Ecology.— Lowland evergreen and lower montane forests, alt. 10–800 m. Flowering Jan.–Sept., fruiting March–Aug. Vernacular.— Ko diao (°àÕ‡¥’ˬ«), ko bai laem (°àÕ„∫·À≈¡), ko paen (°àÕ·ªÑπ), ko hin (°ÕÀà π‘ ) (Northern), ko mu (°ÕÀ¡à )Ÿ (Peninsular).

20. Castanopsis malaccensis Gamble, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1913: 178. 1913; Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 455. 1915; Ridley, Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 388. 1924; A.Camus, Châtaigniers, Texte: 319. 1929; Corner, Wayside. Trees: 293. 1940; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 426. 1940; Soepadmo in Fl. Males. 7(2): 303. 1972. Fig. 10. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Satun. Distribution.— Malaysia (type), Singapore, Indonesia. Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest. Vernacular.— Ko dan (°àÕ¥“π) (Peninsular).

21. Castanopsis megacarpa Gamble, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 180. 1914; Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 462. 1915; Ridley, Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 390. 1924; A.Camus, Châtaigniers, Texte: 440; Atlas: t. 61. 1929; Corner, Wayside trees: 293. 1940; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 460. 1940; Soepadmo in Fl. Males. 7(2): 305. 1972.— Castanopsis javanica (non A.DC.) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 620. 1890. Fig. 10. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Satun. Distribution.— Malaysia (type), Singapore, Indonesia. Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, alt. 300–400 m. Flowering April, fruiting Sept. 74 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 10. Castanopsis megacarpa Gamble: A. leaf and inflorescences (Abbe 9734), A-1 bud, A-2 male flower cluster, A-3 male flower; B. detached leaf (showing shape variation when compared with A), B-1 leaf base; C. acorn (Niyomdham 4825), C-1 spines, C-2 nut. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 75

Vernacular.— Ko men (°àÕ‡¡àπ) (Peninsular). Uses.— Nuts edible.

22. Castanopsis nephelioides King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 624. 1888; Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 464. 1915; A.Camus, Chât: 467, t. 69. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 192. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 336. 1944; Soepadmo in Fl. Males. 7(2): 298. 1972. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Lampang; SOUTHEASTERN: Trat; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Narathiwat. Distribution.— Malaysia (type), Singapore. Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest, lower montane forest and oak-pine forest, alt. 50–1600 m (usually 200–800 m). Flowering Jan.–May, fruiting Feb.–Dec. (usually July– Sept.). Vernacular.— Ko mu (°ÕÀ¡à )Ÿ (Northern & Peninsular), ko khao (°Õ¢“«à ), ma ko khao (¡–°Õ¢à “«â ) (Peninsular). Uses.— Nuts edible.

23. Castanopsis pierrei Hance, J. Bot. 13: 369. 1875; Hickel & A.Camus, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 68: 490. 1922; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1031. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 182. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 336. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 498. 1968. Thailand.— NORTHEASTERN: Nakhon Phanom; SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi, Trat; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Phuket, Trang. Distribution.— Cambodia (type). Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, pine-oak-dipterocarp forest, moist upper mixed deciduous forest, along stream banks; alt. 10–350 m. Flowering Jan.–Dec., fruiting April–Dec. (ususally April–June). Vernacular.— Ko khao niao (°Õ¢à “«‡Àπâ ¬«’ ) (Northeastern), ko khi mu (°Õ¢à À¡’È ),Ÿ ko mu (°ÕÀ¡à ),Ÿ ko khao niao (°Õ¢à “«‡Àπâ ¬«’ ), ma ko (¡–°Õà )(Southeastern). Uses.— Nuts edible.

24. Castanopsis piriformis Hickel & A.Camus, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 68: 395. 1922; H.Lecomte, Les Bois de l’ Indochine: t. 2.4. 1926; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo- Chine. 5: 1032. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 188. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 336. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 500. 1968. Thailand.— NORTHEASTERN: Nakhon Phanom; EASTERN: Ubon Ratchathani; SOUTHEASTERN: Prachinburi, Chanthaburi; PENINSULAR: Songkhla. Distribution.— Indochina, Laos (type). 76 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Ecology.— Deciduous dipterocarp-pine forest, dry evergreen forest, on sandstone bedrock; alt. 250–950 m. Flowering Sept.–Dec., fruiting May–Dec. Vernacular.— Ko bai lueam (°àÕ„∫‡≈◊ËÕ¡) (Northeastern), ko ta mu (°àÕµ“À¡),Ÿ ko mak (°ÕÀ¡“°à ), ko hin (°ÕÀà π‘ ) (Eastern); ko kin luk (°Õ°à π≈‘ °Ÿ ) (Peninsular). Uses.— Nuts edible.

25. Castanopsis pseudo-hystrix Phengklai, Thai Forest Bull. (Bot.) 32: 115. 2004. Fig. 11. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Smitinand 90–198, holotype BKF!), Lampang; NORTHEASTERN: Loei; SOUTHEASTERN: Rayong. Distribution.— Endemic to Thailand. Ecology.— Lower montane forest, pine-oak forest and dry evergreen forest, alt. 800–1370 m. (usually 1000–1200 m). Flowering March–Dec. (usually March–April), fruiting Dec.–Jan. Vernacular.— Ko daeng (°àÕ·¥ß), ko bai lueam (°àÕ„∫‡≈◊ËÕ¡), ko dueai (°àÕ‡¥◊Õ¬) (Southeastern). Uses.— Inner bark locally used to prevent dental caries.

26. Castanopsis purpurea Barnett, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 105. 1938; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 177. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 336. 1944. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang, Tak; NORTHEASTERN: Nakhon Phanom; EASTERN: Ubon Ratchathani; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Phangnga, Trang (Kerr 19011, type), Songkhla. Distribution.— Endemic to Thailand. Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest, lower montane forest, dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest, often by stream, alt. 50–1300 m (usually 100–800 m). Flowering Feb.–Nov. (usually March–Aug.), fruiting July–Oct. Vernacular.— Ko ti (°Õµà ),’ ko sai (°Õ∑√“¬à ), ko ap (°Õ·Õ∫à ) , ko yum (°ÕÀ¬à ¡ÿ), ko nam (°àÕÀπ“¡), ko ta mu (°àÕµ“À¡);Ÿ ko lim (°àÕ≈‘Ë¡) (Northern); ko khao (°àÕ‡¢“) (Eastern); ko dan (°Õ¥“πà ), ko nam (°ÕÀπ“¡à ), be-ra-ngae-ba-be (‡∫√“·ß∫“∫â )’ (Peninsular). Uses.— Nuts edible.

27. Castanopsis rhamnifolia (Miq.) A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 113. 1864; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 624. 1888; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 105. 100 B. 1889; A.Camus, Châtaigniers, Texte: 469; Atlas: t. 69. 1929; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 456. 1940; Soepadmo in Fl. Males. 7(2): 299. 1972.— Quercus rhamnifolia Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 853. 1856.— Callaeocarpus rhamnifolia (Miq.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv.: 353. 1861.— Castanea rhamnifolia (Miq.) Oerst., Skr. Vidensk.-Selsk. Christiana, Math.- Naturvidensk. Kl. 5(9): 378. 1873.— C. rhamnifolia (Miq.) Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Pegu, App. A: cxxvii. 1875; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2: 481. 1877.— Castanopsis pachycarpa A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Natl. Hist. Nat., II, 6: 92. 1934. Fig. 12. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 77

Figure 11. Castanopsis pseudo-hystrix Phengklai: A. twig, leaves and inflorescences (Smitinand 90-198), A-1 leaf; B. terminal bud, B-1 inner and outer part of bract; C. male flower cluster, C-1 male flower; D. ovary (Eiadthong BKF 97215); E. young acorn, E-1 mature acorn, E-2 spines; F. nut. 78 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Thailand.— NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum, Si Sa Ket; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; PENINSULAR: Phangnga, Narathiwat. Distribution.— Myanma, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia (type). Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest, pine-oak-dipterocarp forest, alt. 100–800 m. Flowering March–Oct., fruiting Jan.–July. Vernacular.— Ko khi mu (°àÕ¢’ÈÀ¡Ÿ) (Southwestern).

28. Castanopsis rockii A.Camus, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon 8: 88. 1929; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 188. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 499. 1968. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Nan, Uttaradit. Distribution.— China, Vietnam (type). Ecology.— Mixed deciduous forest, lower montane forest, oak-pine forest, alt. 650–2000 m (usually 1600–2000 m). Flowering Nov.–Dec., fruiting Feb.–March. Vernacular.— Ko rok (°àÕ√Õ§) (Northern).

29. Castanopsis schefferiana Hance, J. Bot. 16: 200. 1878; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 105, t. 99. 1899; A.Camus, Châtaigniers, Texte: 456. 1929; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 461. 1940; Soepadmo in Fl. Males. 7(2): 310. 1972.— Castanopsis andersonii Gamble, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1914: 179. 1914; Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 458. 1915; A.Camus, Châtaigniers, Texte: 342; Atlas: t. 49. 1929. Fig. 13.

Thailand.— EASTERN: Ubon Ratchathani; PENINSULAR: Krabi, Songkhla, Yala, Narathiwat. Distribution.— Malaysia, Singapore (type). Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest, scrub vegetation, mixed deciduous forest, alt. 100–400 m. Flowering Feb.–Dec. (usually Nov.–Dec.), fruiting July–Dec. Vernacular.— Ko khiao mu (°àÕ‡¢’Ȭ«À¡),Ÿ ko mu (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ) (Peninsular), mak ko nam (¡°°— ÕÀπ“¡à ) (Eastern).

30. Castanopsis siamensis Duanmu, Sci. Silvae Sin. 8: 189. 1963 Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Rai. (Rock 1580, type). Distribution.— Endemic to Thailand. Ecology.— Mixed deciduous and oak-pine forest, alt. 400–1000 m. Vernacular.— Ko mae lao (°Õ·¡à ≈“«à ), ko sa yam (°Õ ¬“¡à ) (Northern).

31. Castanopsis thaiensis Phengklai, Thai Forest Bull. (Bot.) 32: 117. 2004. Fig. 14. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 79

Figure 12. Castanopsis rhamnifolia (Miq.) A. DC.: A. twig, leaves and male inflorescence (Murata et al. T-49632), A-1 male flower; B. infructescence (Phengklai et al. 13476), B-1 longitudinal section of female flower, B-2 acorn, B-3 spines, B-4 nut. 80 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 13. Castanopsis schefferiana Hance: A. twig, leaves and inflorescence (Maxwell 85-989), A-1 male flower clusters, A-2 bract, A-3 male flower; B. part of infructescence (Maxwell 84-172), B-1 longitudinal section of young acorn, B-2 spines, B-3 nut. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 81

Figure 14. Castanopsis thaiensis Phengklai: A. twig, leaves and infructescences, B. female inflorescences, (Larsen et al. 44319), B-1 female flower, B-2 bud; C-1 & C-2 acorns. 82 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Nan (Larsen 44319, holotype AAU!, isotype BKF!). Distribution.— Endemic to Thailand. Ecology.— Evergreen forest, alt. 800–1000 m. Flowering Nov., fruiting Oct.–Nov. Vernacular.— Ko khao kang (°àÕ‡¢“°«“ß), ko thai (°àÕ‰∑¬) (Northern).

32. Castanopsis tribuloides (Sm.) A.DC., J. Bot. 1: 182. 1863; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 111. 1864; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 622. 1888; Brandis, Indian Trees: 634. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 1017. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 172. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 336. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 498. 1968; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 329. 1999.— Quercus tribuloides Sm. in A.Rees, Cycl. 29: 13. 1819.— Castanea tribuloides (Sm.) Lindl. in N.Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2.6: 102. 1831; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 2: 480. 1877. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Lampang, Tak; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; EASTERN: Nakhon Rachasima; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; SOUTHEASTERN: Prachin Buri, Trat. Distribution.— India, Nepal (type), Myanma, China, Laos, Vietnam. Ecology.— Lower montane forest, oak-pine forest, deciduous forest on sandstone to granite bedrocks, alt. 600–1700 m (usually 1000–1300 m). Flowering Jan.–Nov. (usually May–June), fruiting March–Nov. (usually June–Sept.). Vernacular.— Ko khao (°àբ⓫), ko dueai (°àÕ‡¥◊Õ¬), ko laem (°àÕ·À≈¡), ko bai lueam (°Õ„∫‡≈à Õ¡◊Ë ), ko nam (°ÕÀπ“¡à ), ko duk (°Õ¥à °Ÿ ) (Northern), ko nuat maew (°ÕÀπ«¥·¡«à ), ko laem (°Õ·À≈¡à ), ko haeng (°Õ·Àà ßâ ) (Northeastern). Uses.— Nuts edible, a pioneer species suitable for forest rehabilitation.

33. Castanopsis wallichii King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 624. 1888; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 106, t. 101A. 1889; Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 464. 1915; Ridley, Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 391. 1924; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 463. 1940; Corner, Wayside Trees: 293. 1940; Soepadmo in Fl. Males. 7(2): 300. 1972. Fig. 15. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Chumphon, Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thamarat, Trang, Songkhla. Distribution.— Malaysia (type), Singapore, Indonesia. Ecology.— Tropical evergreen forest, often by streams, alt. 10–100 m. Flowering Jan.–Nov. (usually July–Sept.), fruiting Jan.–Aug. (usually Jan.). Vernacular.— Ko ban (°àÕ∫â“π), ko kin luk (°àÕ°‘π≈Ÿ°), ko mu (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ), ko lung khao (°àÕÀ≈—ߢ“«), ko yi (°àÕ¬)’ (Peninsular). A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 83

Figure 15. Castanopsis wallichii King ex Hook.f.: A. twig; B. male inflorescence (Phusomsaeng 454), B-1 male flower; C. part of female inflorescence (Thavon s.n.); D. part of infructescence (Soejarto et al. 5978), D-1 spines, D-2 nut. 84 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

2. LITHOCARPUS*

Blume, Bijdr.: 526. 1826; Blume, Fl. Javae 13–14: 34. 1829; Oudem, Nat. Verh. Kon. Akad. 2: 19. 1856; Rehder & E.H.Wilson in C.S.Sargent, Pl. Wilson 3: 205. 1917; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 332. 1942; A. Camus, Chänes, Texte 3: 511. 1954; Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8: 197. 1970; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 318. 1972.— Synaedrys Lindl., Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 441. 1836; Hance in Hook., J. Bot. 1: 175. 1849; Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 186. 1916.— Arcaula Raf., Alsogr. Amer.: 30. 1838.— Balanaulax Raf., Alsogr. Amer.: 28. 1838.— Cyclobalanus (Endl.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 80. 1866.— Pasania (Miq.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 81. 1866; Prantl in H.G.A.Engl. & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflazenfam. 3(1): 55. 1888; Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 411. 1915; Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 386. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus, in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo- Chine 5: 962. 1930; Schwarz, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem (Append.) 13: 6. 1936. Evergreen trees, rarely shrubs. Branchlets initially densely yellowish brown- pubesscent to tomentose. Terminal buds ovoid to ellipsoid, bracts spirally imbricate. Stipules extrapetiolar, mostly caducous. Leaves spiral, rarely serrate, glabrous. Petiole evenly thick, not geniculate. Inflorescences male and female separate or the female flowers below and the male flowers on the upper part of some erect spikes, occasionally mixed, including bracts and bracteoles variously densely hairy. Male simple or much-branched in the axil and subterminal. Flowers solitary or in clusters of three or more, with one or more small bracts; perianth campanulate or cup-shaped, usually 6-lobed, united for at least half of their length. Stamens 12, occasionally fewer or more, glabrous, anthers dorsifixed. Rudimentary ovary subglobose, villous. Female, androgynous or mixed solitary in the axil or on the lower part of the paniculate cluster. Flowers solitary or in cluster of three, bracts and bracteoles as in male; perianth as in male but smaller. Staminodes 10–12; styles 3(–4), cylindrical erect or spreading, free or connate at base, densely tomentose at base, stigma punctiform terminal. Ovary cells as many as styles. Cupules free or in dichasial clusters of 3–7 along the rachis, cup or saucer-shaped to almost globular, variously lamellate squamose, tuberculate or muricate, indehiscent (except L. blumeanus, L. encleisacarpus, L. macphailii, L. maingayi, and L. pattaniensis which are occasionally dehiscent). Fruits ovoid, globose or turbinate, partly or completely enclosed by a cupule from which it is free; scar present. A genus of about 300 species widely distributed throughout the subtropics and tropics of South-East Asia almost to Australia. A single species is found in the South- Western United States of America. Of the 300 species, 56 species, 1 subspecies and 1 variety are indigenous to Thailand.

* with Th. Wongprasert, Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 85

Uses.— Nuts edible.

KEY TO THE SPECIES (based on vegetative characters and acorns)

1. Outer surface of cupules with annular or lamellate markings or markings lacking 2. Cupules without lamellae, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, enclosing nearly all of the nut, more or less dehiscent when mature 3. Cupules urn- or top-shaped (turbinate), weakly dehiscent from the apex, cupule surface distinctly undulate with vertical and horizontal filiform lines 4. Cupule urn-shaped, enclosing nut completely and extending beyond it at the apex 5. Cupule base broadly conical, much broader than apex, skin distinct with many vertical filiform lines or without. Nut conical 5. L. blumeanus 5. Cupule base obconic, much narrow than apex, surface distinct with 3-4 horizontal filiform lines. Nut obconical 33. L. maingayi 4. Cupule top-shaped, enclosing 4/5 of nut, surface with 2–6 distinct horizontal, filiform lines 30. L. macphailii 3. Cupules top-shaped, readily dehiscent into irregular parts from the top, surface with 2–5 filiform, undulate, horizontal lines 6. Cupules with 2 or 3 such lines 18. L. encleisacarpus 6. Cupules with 4 or 5 such lines 36. L. pattaniensis 2. Cupules with distinct lamellae, coriaceous, enclosing a variable amount of the nut, indehiscent 7. Cupule enclosing not less than 1/2 of the nut 8. Cupule enclosing about 1/2 of the nut 9. Nuts ovoid to conical at apex, scar shallowly concave or flattened 24. L. gracilis 9. Nuts subhemispheric or depressed at apex, scar deeply concave 8. L. clementianus 8. Cupule enclosing not less than 3/4 of the nut 10. Cupules obconic, enclosing nut almost completely except around the umbonate apex 11. Nut longer than broad, ca. 1 by 0.7 cm 26. L. hendersonianus 11. Nut shorter than broad, 1–2.7 by 2–3 cm 32. L. magnificus 10. Cupules saucer-shaped, enclosing ca. 3/4 of the nut 1. L. aggregatus 7. Cupule enclosing not more than 1/4 of the nut 12. Nuts hemispheric or depressed on both sides 13. Cupule enclosing 1/5 to 1/4 of the nut 38. L. platycarpus 13. Cupule enclosed only the base of the nut 14. Acorns sessile. Scar deeply concave 15. L. eichleri 14. Acorns with stalk up to 0.5 cm long. Scar slightly concave 6. L. cantleyanus 12. Nuts conical to broadly ovoid, or with a dome-shaped apex 15. Cupule enclosing only the base of the nut 16. Acorns sessile. Leaves oblanceolate 29. L. lucidus 16. Acorns with fruit-stalk up to 0.5 cm long. Leaves oblong 42. L. reinwardtii 15. Cupule enclosing ca. 1/4 of the nut 17. Nut with one horizontal ring around equator. Leaves ensiform to linear- lanceolate 28. L. loratefolius 17. Nut without horizontal ring. Leaves ovate, ovate-oblong or narrowly elliptical 18. Nut ovoid or conical. Cupules cup or saucer-shaped. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, apex caudate 3. L. bancanus 18. Nut broadly ovoid. Cupules slightly obconical to saucer-shaped. Leaves narrowly elliptical 40. L. rassa 1. Outer surface of cupules with alternate lamellae (resembling fish scales) or pseudospines 19. Mature cupules of one infructescence more or less fused together 20. Acorns broader than long, depressed both on top and at base. Cupules saucer- or cup- shaped or obconic, some hardly distinct from each other through fusion 21. Infructescences with densely arranged cupules 22. Cupules barely distinct, resembling a large gall 13. L. echinophorus 86 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

22. Cupules distinct, saucer-shaped 23. Nut flattened or apiculate at apex, to 2.2 cm diam. Leaves cuneate at base 16. L. elegans 23. Nut retuse at apex, not less than 3 cm diam. Leaves auriculate at base 2. L. auriculatus 21. Infructescences with spaces between cupules 24. Rachis of infructescence always with sub-branches. Acorns stalked 34. L. mekongensis 24. Rachis of infructescence without sub-branches 25. Acorns sessile 24. L. finetii 25. Acorns stalked 57. L. tenuinervis* 20. Acorns longer than broad, conical, ovoid or turbinate. Cupules cup-shaped or cylindric 26. Rachis of infructescence always with sub-branches. Acorns stalked, nuts shining 27. Acorn up to 1 cm high. Rachis up to 4 mm in diam. 7. L. ceriferus 27. Acorn not less than 1 cm high (to 2.5 cm). Rachis not less than 4 mm in diam. 39. L. polystachyus 26. Rachis of infructescence without sub-branches. Acorns sessile, nuts more or less shining 28. Twigs glabrous or sparsely pubescent then glabrous 29. Cupules cup-shaped, enclosing up to 1/2 of the nut 12. L. dealbatus 29. Cupules turbinate, enclosing the whole nut, open only around umbo 51. L. truncatus 28. Twigs ferruginous or tomentose 30. Leaves glabrous except along midrib. Cupules enclosing up to 1/3 of the nut 25. L. harmandianus 30. Leaves densely tomentose especially on lower surface. Cupules enclosing 1/2 of the nut 27. L. lindleyanus 19. Mature cupules of one infructescence, free, not fused 31. Acorn longer than broad, conical, ovoid or obconical. Cupules cup- or saucer-shaped or obconic 32. Cupules enclosing nut completely or 2/3 of the nut 33. Cupules enclosing ca. 2/3 of the nut 34. Cupules slightly obconical-shaped, nuts hairy at style apex (if persistent) 44. L. rufescens 34. Cupules cup or saucer-shaped 16. L. elegans 33. Cupules enclosing nut completely, or up to the apex of the nut 35. Cupules dehiscent, obconic or ovoid 36. Cupules obovoid, sessile, surface with dense, long and narrow recurved pseudospines 41. L. recurvatus 36. Cupules ovoid, fruit stalk 2–3 mm long, surface finely ornamented with thin, triangular lamellae throughout 35. L. neo-robinsonii 35. Cupules indehiscent, ovoid, surface clothed with dense, triangular lamellae 37. Infructescences up to 18 cm long. Leaves up to 16 cm long 9. L. craibianus 37. Infructescences not less than 20 cm long. Leaves not less than 20 cm long 19. L. erythrocarpus 32. Cupules enclosing up to 1/2 of the nut 38. Acorns stalked 39. Cupules slightly obconic. Leaves ovate, ovate-oblong or obovate 47. L. sootepensis 39. Cupules cup-shaped or saucer-shaped 40. Cupules cup-shaped. Leaves lanceolate to lanceolate oblong 46. L. siamensis 40. Cupules saucer-shaped to flattened. Leaves oblong to oblong-lanceolate 10. L. curtissii 38. Acorns sessile 41. Acorns (mature) not less than 3.5 by 2.2 cm

*currently known from Laos but expected to occur in Thailand A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 87

42. Cupule lamellae bearing pseudo-spined reflexed towards the base. Leaves acute to obtuse at apex 45. L. scortechinii 42. Lamellae curved towards the cupule apex. Leaves acuminate at apex 20. L. eucalyptifolius 41. Acorns (mature) up to 3 by 2.2 cm 43. Infructescence with acorns in clusters, but not fused 44. Nuts ovoid. Leaves usually curved to one side 54. L. wallichianus 44. Nuts strongly apically depressed, occasionally conic. Leaves not curved 49. L. thomsonii 43. Infructescence with acorns solitary, with spaces between them 45. Cupules saucer or cup-shaped, limb recurved. Leaves not less than 12 cm long 21. L. falconeri 45. Cupules obconical, limb not recurved. Leaves up to 11 cm long 4. L. bennettii 31. Acorns broader than long, hemisphaeric-depressed 46. Cupules enclosing the nut completely or up to the apex of the nut 47. Cupules more or less up to the apex of the nut, lamellae with erect or reflexed pseudo- spines which are not fused 48. Pseudo-spines erect or spreading. Leaves oblanceolate. Scar nearly 1/2 of the nut 14. L. echinops 48. Pseudo-spines reflexed. Leaves oblong or oblanceolate 49. Infructescence with acorns packed close together, but not fused. Leaves slightly cuneate at base 23. L. garrettianus 49. Infructescence with acorns solitary, with spaces between them. Leaves obtuse at base 52. L. tubulosus 47. Cupules enclosing the nut completely, except the umbo 50. Lamellae pointed, with narrowly pseudospines. Infructescence with acorns packed close together, but not fused 55. L. wrayi 50. Lamellae flattened and imbricate. Infructescence with acorns solitary, with spaces between them 51. Lamellae fused on lower half, the upper half free and adaxially curved 22. L. fenestratus 51. Lamentas fused almost to apex, only a short free lobe adaxially curved 50. L. trachycarpus 46. Cupules enclosing up to 1/2 of the nut 52. Acorns stalked, cupules enclosing only base of the nut 53. Stalk up to 1 cm long. Leaves glaucous on lower surface, petiole up to 1 cm long 48. L. sundaicus 53. Stalk not less than 1 cm long. Leaves pale on lower surface, not glaucous, petiole not less than 1 cm long 31. L. magneinii 52. Acorns sessile, cupules enclosing up to 1/2 of the nut 54. Acorns not less than 2 by 2.5 cm 55. Cupules slightly obconical. Leaves oblong, acute to caudate at apex, margin not revolute, petiole not less than 1 cm 11. L. cyclophorus 55. Cupules saucer-shaped. Leaves obovate, obtuse at apex, margin revolute, petiole up to 0.6 cm long 43. L. revolutus 54. Acorns up to 1.5 by 2 cm 56. Nuts convex at the apex 57. Cupules saucer-shaped to flattened and discoid. Leaves not whorled 58. Lamellae usually fused throughout. Leaves up to 15 cm long 37. L. pierrei 58. Lamellae fused at base only, apices free. Leaves not less than 18 cm long 17. L. elephantum 57. Cupules cup-shaped. Leaves usually whorled at the twig tips 56. L. xylocarpus 56. Nuts flattened at the apex. Cupule cup-shaped, enclosing 1/5 to 1/2 of the nut. Leaves with unequal sides, usually curved to one side 59. Leaves oblong, elliptic oblong, not less than 10 by 3.5 cm, with 14–20 pairs of lateral nerves 53. L. vestitus 88 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

1 2 3

4 56

7 8 9

10 11 12

Figure 16. Various acorns in the genus Lithocarpus : 1) °àÕæ«ß Lithocarpus aggregatus; 2) °àÕπÈ” L. auriculatus; 3) °àի߇Ւ¬¥ L. bancanus; 4) °àÕæ√ÿ L. bennettii; 5) °àÕ„∫¬“ß L. blumeanus; 6) °àÕÀ≈—∫‡π◊ÈÕ√‘È« L. cantleyanus; 7) ¡–°àÕ L. ceriferus; 8) °àÕÀ≈—∫‡π◊ÈÕ√‘È« L. clementianus; 9) °àÕ ÿ‡∑æ L. craibianus; 10) °àÕÀ≈—∫ L. curtisii; 11) °àÕÀ≈—∫„À≠à L. cyclophorus; 12) °àÕº—Í«– L. dealbatus. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 89

13 14 15

16 17 18

1920 21

22 23 24

Figure 17. Various acorns in the genus Lithocarpus : 13) °àÕªíôπ Lithocarpus echinophorus; 14) °àÕµ“° L. echinops; 15) °àÕÀ≈—∫ L. eichleri; 16) °àÕ‡Àπàß L. elegans; 17) °àÕæ≈Õ¬µ√“¥ L. elephantum; 18) °àÕΩÑ“¬ L. encleisacarpus; 19) °àÕ°“∫ L. erythrocarpus; 20) °àÕÀ¡ÿπ L. eucalyptifolius; 21) °àÕ‡π◊ÈÕ√‘È« L. falconeri; 22) °àÕæ«ß L. fenestratus; 23) °àÕ°â“ߥâ“ß L. garrettianus; 24) °àÕ„∫‡≈Á° L. gracilis. 90 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

25 26 27

28 29 30

31 32 33

34 35 36

Figure 18. Various acorns in the genus Lithocarpus : 25) °àÕ¢’È°«“ß Lithocarpus harmandianus; 26) °àÕ≈”‡≈’¬ß L. hendersonianus; 27) °àÕ¥à“ß L. lindleyanus; 28) °àÕ«ß L. loratefolius; 29) ¡–°àÕ¥” L. lucidus; 30) °àÕÀ‘π L. macphailii; 31) °àÕ„∫·À≈¡ L. magneinii; 32) °àÕ —° L. magnificus; 33) °àÕ·µ√ L. maingayi; 34) °àÕπâÕ¬ L. mekongensis; 35) °àÕ§√—Ëß L. neo-robinsonii; 36) °àÕªíµµ“π’ L. pattaniensis. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 91

37 38 39

40 41 42

43 44 45

46 47 48

Figure 19. Various acorns in the genus Lithocarpus : 37) °àÕæ≈Õ¬®—π∑πå Lithocarpus pierrei; 38) °àÕ·´– L. platycarpus; 39) °àÕÀ¡“° L. polystachyus; 40) °àÕ„∫‡Õ’¬¥ L. rassa; 41) °àÕº—Í«–Àπ“¡ L. recurvatus; 42) ¡–°àÕ·®ß L. reinwardtii; 43) °àÕ„∫‰∑√ L. revolutus 44) °àÕ “¡™“¬ L. rufescens; 45) °àÕ‰¢à·≈π L. scortechinii; 46) °àÕ√ÿ° L. siamensis; 47) °àÕ‡≈◊Õ¥ L. sootepensis; 48) °àÕÀ≈—∫‡µâ“ªŸπ L. sundaicus. 92 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

59. Leaves obovate-oblong, up to 9 by 4 cm, with 7–8 pairs of lateral nerves 41. L. recurvatus

49 50 51

52 53 54

55 56

Figure 20. Various acorns in the genus Lithocarpus: 49) °àբ⓫ Lithocarpus thomsonii; 50) °àÕ·¥ß L. trachycarpus; 51) °àÕ¥” L. truncatus; 52) °àÕ®ÿ° L. tubulosus; 53) °àÕ¢’ÈÀ¡Ÿ L. vestitus; 54) °àÕÀ¡Ÿ L. wallichianus; 55) °àÕ‡°√’¬∫ L. wrayi; 56) °àÕ ∑‘µ L. xylocarpus.

1. Lithocarpus aggregatus Barnett, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 104. 1938; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 149. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh. 33: 335. 1942; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 335. 1944; A.Camus, Enc. Syl. 8: 729. 1953; Hjelmq., Dansk. Bot. Ark. 23: 489. 1968. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Kerr 3364, type), Lampang, Tak; EASTERN: Ubon Ratchathani; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat. Distribution.— Malaysia. Ecology.— Lower and upper montane forests, pine-deciduous dipterocarp forest, often by streams, alt. 50–2500 m (usually 1200–1900 m). Flowering Jan.–Dec., fruiting Jan.–Dec. (usually June–July). A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 93

2. Lithocarpus auriculatus (Hickel & A.Camus) Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 331. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34. 183. 1944; A.Camus, Chänes, Atlas 3: 104. 1949.— Pasania auriculata Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 397. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 984. 1930. Fig. 21. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lampang, Phrae, Phitsanulok. Distribution.— Laos (type), Vietnam, Myanma. Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest, lower montane forest, moist upper mixed deciduous forest, savannah, by streams on granite bedrock, alt. 350–1600 m (usually 1200– 1300 m). Flowering Dec.–May, fruiting May–Dec. Vernacular.— Ko mi (°àÕÀ¡’), ko nam (°àÕπÈ”), ko nun (°àÕÀπÿπ), (Northern), ko kwak (°Õ°«“°à )(Laos).

3. Lithocarpus bancanus (Scheff.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 10: 132. 1929; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 319. 1940; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 360. 1972; Soepadmo, Julia & Go in E.Soepadmo & L.G. Saw, Tree Fl. Sabah & Sarawak 3: 38. 2000.— Quercus bancana Scheff., Natuurw. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indiã 31: 361. 1870; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 67. 1889.— Q. rajah Hance, J. Bot. 16: 198. 1878.— Q. scyphigera Hance var. riedelii King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 39. 1889.— Synaedrys bancana (Scheff.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 190. 1916.— S. rajah (Hance) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 192. 1916.— Pasania bancana (Scheff.) Markgr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59: 79. 1924. Fig 22. Thailand.— EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima; PENINSULAR: Songkhla, Yala. Distribution.— Malaysia, Indonesia (type), Brunei. Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, by streams, alt. 100–500 m. Flowering June–July, fruiting Aug. Vernacular.— Ko wong iat (°Õ«ß‡Õà ¬¥’ ) (Peninsular).

4. Lithocarpus bennettii (Miq.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 123. 1919; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 352. 1940; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 356. 1972.— Quercus bennettii Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 857. 1856; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 94. 1864; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 613. 1888; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 64, t. 58A. 1889; Corner, Wayside Trees: 301. 1940.— Q. miqueliana Scheff., Natuurw. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indiã 31: 360. 1870.— Cyclobalanus bennettii (Miq.) Oerst, Skr. Vidensk.-Selsk. Christiana, Math.- Naturvidensk. Kl. 5(9): 375. 1873.— Pasania bennettii (Miq.) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 433. 1915.— Synaedrys bennettii (Miq.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 190. 1916. Fig. 23. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Narathiwat. Distribution.— Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia (type). Ecology.— Peat swamp forest, lowland tropical rain forest. Vernacular.— Ko phu (°àÕæ√ÿ) (Peninsular). 94 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 21. Lithocarpus auriculatus (Hickel & A.Camus) Barnett: A. twig, leaves and inflorescences (Smitinand 90-86), A-1 flower buds, A-2 female flower clusters, A-3 male flower clusters; B. stipules; C. infructescence (Pooma 346). A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 95

Figure 22. Lithocarpus bancanus (Scheff.) Rehder: A. twig, leaves and inflorescences (Maxwell 85-914), A-1 female flower, A-2 male flower; B. twig, leaf and infructescence (Niyomdham et al. 6345), B-1 another form of acorn (Maxwell 85-914). 96 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 23. Lithocarpus bennettii (Miq.) Rehder: A. twig, leaves and inflorescences (Niyomdham 930), A- 1 male flower cluster, A-2 whole and partial male flower; B. female flowers; C. part of infructescence (Niyomdham 930), C-1 acorn. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 97

5. Lithocarpus blumeanus (Korth.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 10: 132. 1929; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 152. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 335. 1944; A.Camus, Châ nes, Texte 3: 774. 1954; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 339. 1972; Soepadmo, Julia & Go in E.Soepadmo & L.G. Saw, Tree Fl. Sabah & Sarawak 3: 40. 2000.— Quercus blumeana Korth. (non Koord. & Valeton), Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot.: 208, t. 44. 1844; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 103. 1864.— Cyclobalanus blumeana (Korth.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 81. 1866.— Pasania blumeana Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 445. 1915; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 385. 1924.— Synaedrys blumeana (Korth.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 186. 1916.— Castanopsis blumeana (Korth.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 122. 1919. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat. Distribution.— Malaysia, Indonesia (Borneo, type), Brunei. Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest alt. 50–400 m. Flowering and fruiting not recorded. Vernacular.— Ko bai yang (°àÕ„∫¬“ß) (Peninsular).

6. Lithocarpus cantleyanus (King ex Hook.f.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 122. 1919; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 141. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 334. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 488. 1968; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 352. 1972; Soepadmo, Julia & Go in E.Soepadmo & L.G. Saw, Tree Fl. Sabah & Sarawak 3:: 44.2000.— Quercus cantheyana King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 613. 1888.— Pasania cantleyana (King ex Hook.f.) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 434. 1915; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 381. 1924.— Synaedrys cantleyana (King ex Hook.f.) Koidz, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 190. 1916. Thailand.— NORTHEASTERN: Nakhon Phanom; EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thamarat, Trang, Songkhla, Narathiwat. Distribution.— Myanma, Malaysia, Singapore (type). Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, by streams, on granite bedrock. Vernacular.— Ko lap nua rew (°àÕÀ≈—∫‡π◊ÈÕ√‘È«) (Peninsular).

7. Lithocarpus ceriferus (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus, Rivista Sci., 18: 40. 1931; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 322. 1940.— Pasania cerifera Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 390. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 974. 1930. Fig. 24. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Lampang, Uttaradit; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei, Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; SOUTHEASTERN: Trat; PENINSULAR: Ranong Distribution.— Cambodia (type), Vietnam. Ecology.— Deciduous dipterocarp forest, pine-deciduous dipterocarp forest, evergreen forest, on sandstone bedrock. 98 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 24. Lithocarpus ceriferus (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus: A. male inflorescence (Smitinand s.n.), A-1 male flower cluster; B. twig, leaves and female inflorescences (Koyama T-39685), B-1 female flower clusters; C. infructescence (Larsen 31506), C-1 acorn cluster, C-2 nut. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 99

Vernacular.— Ko mon (°àÕÀ¡àπ), ma ko (¡–°àÕ), ko ki mu (°àÕ¢’ÈÀ¡Ÿ), (Eastern); ko hum (°àÕÀÿâ¡) (Northeastern).

8. Lithocarpus clementianus (King ex Hook.f.) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 153. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 334. 1944; A.Camus, Chänes,Texte 3: 707, t. 391. 1954; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 365. 1972; Soepadmo, Julia & Go in E.Soepadmo & L.G. Saw, Tree Fl. Sabah & Sarawak 3: 45. 2000.— Quercus clementiana King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 614. 1888; Corner, Wayside Trees: 301, f. 96. 1940.— Pasania clementiana (King ex Hook.f.) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 439. 1915; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 383. 1924.— Quercus teysmanii (non Blume) Heine in Fedde, Rep. 54: 225. 1951.— Synaedrys clementiana (King ex Hook.f.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 191. 1916. Thailand.— SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang. Distribution.— Malaysia (Penang, type), Indonesia. Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest, alt. 100–200 m. Flowering Jan.–Oct., fruiting Feb.–Sept. Vernacular.— Ko lap nuea rio (°ÕÀ≈à ∫‡π— Õ√◊È «‘È ), ko muak (°ÕÀ¡«°à ) (Peninsular). Uses.— Nuts edible.

9. Lithocarpus craibianus Barnett, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 103. 1938. Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 133. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 334. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 480. 1968; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 343. 1999. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Kerr 140, type), Chiang Rai, Lamphun; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; SOUTHEASTERN: Trat; PENINSULAR: Ranong. Distribution.— China, Laos. Ecology.— Lower montane to dry evergreen forest, savannah forest, alt. 150–1650 m (usually 1000–1600 m). Flowering Jan.–Dec. (usually Jan.–May), fruiting Jan.–Dec. (usually Jan.–May). Vernacular.— Ko suthep (°Õ à ‡∑æÿ ), ko mon (°ÕÀ¡à πà ), ko hin (°ÕÀà π‘ ) (Northern). Uses.— Nuts eaten by wild animals.

10. Lithocarpus curtisii (King ex Hook.f.) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 95. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 333. 1942; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 333. 1944; Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8: 233. 1970; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 380. 1972.— Quercus curtisii King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 612. 1888; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 56, t. 52. 1889.— Pasania curtisii (King ex Hook.f.) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 429.1915; Ridl., Fl. Malay 100 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Penins. 3: 380. 1924.— Synaedrys curtisii (King ex Hook.f.) Koidz, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 194. 1916. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Songkhla. Distribution.— Malaysia (type). Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, often by streams, on granite bedrock, alt. up to 200 m. Flowering and Fruiting July–Aug. Vernacular.— Ko lap (°ÕÀ≈à ∫— ) (Peninsular).

11. Lithocarpus cyclophorus (Endl.) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931; A.Camus Chênes, Texte 3: 714. 1954; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 137. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 334. 1942; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 334. 1944; Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8: 233. 1970; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 345. 1972.— Quercus cyclophora Endl., Gân. Pl., Suppl. 4(2): 28. 1848; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 102. 1864; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 615, t. 64. 1888; Corner, Wayside Trees: 302, f. 97. 1940.— Pasania cyclophora (Endl.) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 442. 1915; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 384. 1924.— Synaedrys cyclophora (Endl.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 191. 1916. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Pattani. Distribution.— Malaysia (type), Singapore, Indonesia. Ecology.— Lowland tropical rain forest, alt. up to 100 m. Flowering Aug., fruiting Jan.-Aug. Vernacular.— Ko lap yai (°ÕÀ≈à ∫„À≠— )à (Peninsular).

12. Lithocarpus dealbatus (Hook.f. & Thomson ex Miq.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 124. 1919; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 129. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 334. 1941; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 334. 1944; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 346. 1999.— Quercus dealbata Hook.f. & Thomson ex Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 107. 1863; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 609. 1888; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 85. 1864; Brandis, Indian Trees: 632. 1921.— Q. fenestrata Roxb. var. dealbata (Hook.f. & Thomson) Wenz., Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 224. 1886.— Pasania dealbata (Hook.f. & Thomson ex Miq.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 81. 1866; Schottky, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 47: 660. 1912; Hickel & A.Camus, in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 990. 1930.— Synaedrys dealbata (Hook.f. & Thomson ex Miq.) Koidz., Bot Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 1888. 1916.— Quercus dealbata Hook.f. & Thomson ex Miq. var. manii King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 46. 1889. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Lampang; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi. Distribution.— India (type), China, Laos, Vietnam. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 101

Ecology.— Deciduous dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous forest, oak-pine forest, lower montane forest, alt. 700–1600 m. (usually 700–1200 m). Flowering Jan.–Dec. (usually Sept.–Dec.), fruiting Jan.–Dec. (usually April–Nov.). Vernacular.— Ko phua (°àÕº—Í«–) (Northern), ko khi mu (°àÕ¢’ÈÀ¡)Ÿ (Northeastern).

13. Lithocarpus echinophorus (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 282. 1940; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 357. 1999.— Pasania echinophora Hickel & A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 34: 364. 1928; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 995. 1930. Fig. 25. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai; NORTHEASTERN: Loei. Distribution.— Vietnam (type). Ecology.— Lower montane forest, oak-savannah forest, on sandstone bedrock, alt. 1200–1950 m. Flowering Jan., fruiting Dec. Vernacular.— Ko pan (°Õªà πíô ) (North & Northeastern).

14. Lithocarpus echinops Hjelmq., Dansk. Bot. Ark. 23: 491. 1968. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Hansen & Smitinand 10891, type); Tak. Distribution.— Endemic to Thailand. Ecology.— Lower montane forest, alt. 1400–1850 m. Fruiting Jan. Vernacular.— Ko tak (°Õµ“°à ), ko nam thu (°ÕÀπ“¡∑à )Ÿà (Northern).

15. Lithocarpus eichleri (Wenz.) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931; A.Camus, Chênes, Texte 3: 718, t. 395. 1954; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 151. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 334. 1941; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 334. 1944; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 341. 1972.— Quercus eichleri Wenz., Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 236. 1886; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 615. 1888.— Pasania eichleri (Wenz.) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 438. 1915; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 383. 1924.— Synaedrys eichleri (Wenz.) Koidz, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 191. 1916. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Surat Thani. Distribution.— Malaysia (type), Indonesia. Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, alt. 500 m. Flowering Aug., fruiting Sept.–Dec. Vernacular.— Ko lap (°ÕÀ≈à ∫— ) (Peninsular).

16. Lithocarpus elegans (Blume) Hatus. ex Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8: 236. 1970; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 366. 1972.— Quercus elegans Blume, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 9: 208. 1823; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 2: 7. 1965.— Quercus spicata Sm. in A.Rees. Cycl. 29: 12. 1819 (Quercus n. 12, non Humb. & Bonpl. 1809). D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal: 56. 1825; A.DC. 102 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 25. Lithocarpus echinophorus (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus: A. twig, leaves, buds and female inflorescence (Abbe et al. 9520); B. detached leaf and infructescence (Yahara T-79872). A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 103 in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 85. 1864; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burm 2: 486. 1877; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 609. 1888; Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911. 473.— Q. grandifolia D.Don in A.B.Lambert, Descr. Pinus, 2: 27, t. 8. 1824; D.Don in Spreng., Syst., 3: 856. 1826.— Pasania spicata (Smith) Oerst, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 83. 1866; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 376. 1924; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 983. 1930.— Lithocarpus spicata (Sm.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson in C.S.Sargent, Pl. Wilson 3: 207. 1916; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 108. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 333. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 481. 1968.— Synaedrys spicata (Blume) Koidz. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 198. 1916.— Lithocarpus finetii (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 335. 1940; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 483. 1968.— Pasania finetii Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 396. 1921.— Lithocarpus grandifolia (D.Don) Biswas, Bull. Bot. Surv. India, 10: 258. 1969; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 364. 1999.— L. intermedius Barnett, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938. 101; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 114. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 333. 1944.— L. collettii (King ex Hook.f.) A.Camus, Chênes, Atlas 3: 117. 1949; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 364. 1999.— Quercus spicatus Smith var. collettii King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 610. 1888. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lampang, Tak, Sukhothai; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei, Sakon Nakhon; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Rachasima, Si Sa Ket, Ubon Rachathani; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; CENTRAL: Lop Buri; SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Narathiwat. Distribution.— India, Bhutan, Myanma, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, China, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia (type). Ecology.— Lowland and lower montane forests, dry evergreen forest, deciduous dipterocarp-oak forest, oak-pine forest on granite, limestone and sandstone bedrock, alt. 20–1550 m (usually 600–900 m) Flowering March–Nov., fruiting March–Dec. Vernacular.— Ko hin (°ÕÀà π‘ ), ko neng (°Õ‡Àπà ßà ) (Northern); ko soi (°Õ √à Õ¬â ), ko khi mu (°Õ¢à À¡’È )Ÿ (Northeastern); ko khi mu (°Õ¢à À¡’È ),Ÿ mak ko mo (¡°°— ÕÀ¡Õà ) (Eastern); ko mu (°ÕÀ¡à ),Ÿ ta lap tao pun (µ≈∫‡µ— “ªâ πŸ ), ko na ring (°Õπ–√à ß‘ ), ko mu (°ÕÀ¡à )Ÿ (Peninsular). Uses.— Nuts edible, a pioneer species suitable for forest rehabilitation.

17. Lithocarpus elephantum (Hance) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 293. 1940.— Quercus elephantum Hance, J. Bot. 13: 365. 1875.— Pasania elephantum (Hance) Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 292. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 978. 1930. Fig. 26. Thailand.— SOUTHEASTERN: Trat. Distribution.— Cambodia (type). Ecology.— Tropical evergreen forest; alt. sea-level to 50 m. Flowering Sept.; fruiting no record. 104 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 26. Lithocarpus elephantum (Hance) A.Camus: A. twig, leaf base, detached leaf and inflorescences (Larsen et al. 32357), A-1 male flower; B. infructescence (McDonald et al. 5673), B-1 and B- 2 acorns. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 105

Vernacular.— Ko ploi trat (°àÕæ≈Õ¬µ√“¥) (Southeastern).

18. Lithocarpus encleisacarpus (Korth.) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 144. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 335. 1944; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 338. 1972; Soepadmo, Julia & Go in E.Soepadmo & L.G. Saw, Tree Fl. Sabah & Sarawak 3: 56. 2000.— Lithocarpus encleisacarpus var. aperta (King ex Hook.f.) Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 145. 1940.— Quercus encleisacarpa Korth, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot.: 209, t. 45. 1844; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 617. 1888; Corner, Wayside Trees: 302, f. 95, 98. 1940.— Cyclobalanus encleisacarpa (Korth.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 81. 1866.— Pasania encleisacarpa (Korth.) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 449. 1915; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 386. 1924.— Synaedrys encleisacarpa (Korth.) Koidz, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 186. 1916.— Castanopsis encleisacarpa (Korth.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 122. 1919. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai; EASTERN: Ubon Ratchathani; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi; PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Pattani. Distribution.— Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia (Sumatra, type). Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen to lower montane forests, pine-deciduous dipterocarp forest, often by streams, alt. 50–1200 m (usually 300–800 m). Flowering April– Nov., fruiting April–Jan. Vernacular.— Ko fai (°àÕΩÑ“¬), ko hin (°àÕÀ‘π)(Eastern); ko chaeng (°àÕ·®ß) (South- eastern); ko hin (°ÕÀà π‘ ), ko pan (°Õªà πí ) (Peninsular). Uses.— Nuts edible.

19. Lithocarpus erythrocarpus (Ridl.) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 330. 1940; A.Camus, Chênes, Texte 3: 962. 1954; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 369. 1972.— Pasania erythrocarpa Ridl., J. Bot. 62: 301. 1924. Fig. 27. Thailand.— NORTHEASTERN: Nakhon Phanom; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Yala. Distribution.— Malaysia (type). Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, by streams, on sandstone bedrock, alt. 0–200 m. Flowering April–Dec. (usually Aug.–Dec.), fruiting March–Dec. (usually March–April). Vernacular.— Ko kap (°Õ°“∫à ), ko bai hu (°Õ„∫Àà )Ÿ (Peninsular).

20. Lithocarpus eucalyptifolius (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 307. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 173. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 478. 1968.— Pasania eucalyptifolia Hickel & A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 34: 363. 1928; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 987. 1930.— Lithocarpus rodgerianus A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., II 3: 690. 1931; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 286. 1940; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 477. 1968. 106 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 27. Lithocarpus erythrocarpus (Ridl.) A.Camus: A. twig, leaves and inflorescences (Smitinand 1168), A-1 bracts from young twig, A-2 part of young inflorescence, A-3 male flower; B. infructescence (Santisuk s.n.), B-1 young acorn, B-2 mature acorn longitudinal section, showing nut. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 107

Thailand.— EASTERN: Nakhon Rachasima; CENTRAL: Nakhon Nayok; SOUTHEASTERN: Rayong, Chanthaburi; PENINSULAR: Ranong. Distribution.— Myanma, Vietnam (type),Combodia. Ecology.— Lowland and lower montane evergreen forest, often by streams, alt. 700–1200 m (usually 700–800 m). Flowering Jan.–Dec. (usually Oct.–Dec.), fruiting April– Oct. Vernacular.— Ko mun (°ÕÀ¡à πÿ) (Southeastern).

21. Lithocarpus falconeri (Kurz) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 10: 133. 1929; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 117. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 333. 1942; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 333. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 480. 1968; Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8: 241. 1970; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 371. 1972.— Quercus falconeri Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 44(2): 197. 1875; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burm 2: 485. 1877; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 608. 1888.— Pasania falconeri (Kurz) Schottky, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 47: 675. 1912; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 378. 1924.— Synaedrys falconeri (Kurz) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 195. 1916. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Tak; NORTHEASTERN: Nakhon Phanom; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Trang, Satun, Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat. Distribution.— Myanma (type), Malaysia. Ecology.— Scrub and secondary forests, lowland evergreen forest, on limestone bedrock, often by streams, alt. 10–300 m. Flowering Jan.–Dec., fruiting Jan.–Sept. Vernacular.— Ko mu (°ÕÀ¡à ),Ÿ ko nuea rio (°Õ‡πà Õ√◊È «‘È ), ko pan (°Õªà πí ), ko khi mu (°Õ¢à À¡’È ),Ÿ ko khi riew (°Õ¢à √’È «‘È ), ko sae (°Õ·´–à ), ka pun (°“ªπŸ ), ko lap tao pun (°ÕÀ≈à ∫‡µ— “ªâ πŸ ), ma ngae ba be (¡“·ß∫“∫),’ pra mu ning (ª√–¡πŸ ß‘ ) (Peninsular).

22. Lithocarpus fenestratus (Roxb.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 126. 1919; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 126. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 334. 1942; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 334. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 479. 1968.— Quercus fenestrata Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3: 633. 1832; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burm 2: 483. 1877; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 608. 1888; Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 471.— Pasania fenestrata (Roxb.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 84. 1866; Schottky, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 47: 661. 1912; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 988. 1930.— Synaedrys fenestrata (Roxb.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 3: 195. 1916. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lamphun, Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei, Nakhon Phanom, Mukdahan, Khon Kaen; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; SOUTHEASTERN: Trat; PENINSULAR: Chumphon, Krabi. Distribution.— Nepal, Bhutan, India (type), Myanma, China, Laos, Vietnam. Ecology.— Lower and upper montane evergreen forest, pine-deciduous dipterocarp forest, dry evergreen to savannah-pine forests, by streams on granite bedrock, alt. 800– 108 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

2350 m (usually 900–1300 m). Flowering Jan.–Nov., fruiting July–Sept. Vernacular.— Ko phuang (°àÕæ«ß), ko ko (°àÕ°ãÕ) (Northern), ko lap tao pun (°àÕ À≈—∫‡µâ“ªŸπ) (Peninsular).

23. Lithocarpus garrettianus (Craib) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931: Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 93. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 333. 1942; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 333. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 476. 1968; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 369. 1999.— Quercus garrettiana Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 471. 1911;— Pasania garrettiana (Craib) Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 403. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 994. 1930. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Kerr 1185, 1185A, syntypes), Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei, Khon Kaen; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum. SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; PENINSULAR: Ranong. Distribution.— China, Myanma, Laos, Vietnam. Ecology.— Mixed deciduous forest, deciduous dipterocarp forest, oak-deciduous dipterocarp forest, often by streams, on granite bedrock. Vernacular.— Ko kang dang (°Õ°à “ߥ⠓ßâ ), ko khi mu (°Õ¢à À¡’È )(NorthernŸ & Northeastern).

24. Lithocarpus gracilis (Korth.) Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8: 243. 1970; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 362. 1972; Soepadmo, Julia & Go in E.Soepadmo & L.G. Saw, Tree Fl. Sabah & Sarawak 3: 59. 2000.— Quercus gracilis Korth, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot.: 207. 1844; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 93. 1864; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 88. 1889.— Q. cyrtorhyncha Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv.: 350. 1861; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 613. 1888.— Q. diepenhorstii Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv.: 349. 1861.— Lithocarpus cyathiformis A.Camus, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 94: 4. 1947.— Pasania cyrtorhyncha (Miq.) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 432. 1915. Fig. 28. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla, Narathiwat. Distribution.— Malaysia, Indonesia (type), Brunei. Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen to swamp forests, alt. 0–100 m. Flowering and fruiting Nov.–March. Vernacular.— Ko bai lek (°àÕ„∫‡≈Á°) (Peninsular).

25. Lithocarpus harmandii (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 40. 1931; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 124. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 334. 1942; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 334. 1944.— Pasania harmandii Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 390, f. 3. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo- Chine 5: 973. 1930. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 109

Figure 28. Lithocarpus gracilis (Korth.) Soepadmo: A. twig, leaves and inflorescences (Esmit S. 8163), A- 1 male flower, A-2 flower buds; B. infructescence (Kochummen KF 77862), B-1 acorn, B-2 nut. 110 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Phitsanulok; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei, Udon Thani, Sakhon Nakhon, Mukdahan, Kalasin, Maha Sarakham, Khon Kaen; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Rachasima, Si Sa Ket, Ubon Ratchathani; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; SOUTHEASTERN: Prachin Buri, Chanthaburi. Distribution.— Cambodia (type), Vietnam, Malaysia. Ecology.— Tropical evergreen and dry evergreen forests, oak-pine deciduous dipterocarp forest, deciduous dipterocarp forest, on sandstone and granite bedrocks, alt. 50–1300 m (usually 200–900 m). Flowering Jan.–Dec. (usually Jan.–May), fruiting Jan.– Dec. (usually June–Aug.). Vernacular.— Ko khi nu (°Õ¢à Àπ’È ),Ÿ ko khi mu (°Õ¢à À¡’È ),Ÿ ko mon (°ÕÀ¡à πà ) (Northern); ko khi kwang (°Õ¢à °«“ß’È ), ko khi mu (°Õ¢à À¡’È ),Ÿ ko muak (°ÕÀ¡«°à ) (Northeastern); ko khi mu (°Õ¢à À¡’È ),Ÿ ko mu (°ÕÀ¡à ),Ÿ ko ta lap (°Õµ≈à ∫— ), ko laem (°Õ·À≈¡à ), nu tha luang (Àπ∑–≈«ßŸ ) (Eastern); ko mon (°ÕÀ¡à πà ) (South-eastern).

26. Lithocarpus hendersonianus A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Natl. Hist. Nat., II, 6: 92. 1934; A.Camus, Chênes, Texte 3: 589. 1954. Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8: 246. 1970; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 328. 1972. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Ranong. Distribution.— Vietnam, Malaysia (type). Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, alt. up to 50 m. Flowering and fruiting Dec. Vernacular.— Ko lam liang (°Õ≈”‡≈à ¬ß’ ) (Peninsular).

27. Lithocarpus lindleyanus (Wall. ex A.DC.) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 41. 1931; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 122. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 333. 1942; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 484. 1968.— Quercus lindleyana Wall. ex A. DC. In A.P.de Candolle, Prodr., 16(2): 108. 1864; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burm 2: 486. 1877; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 607. 1888; Brandis, Indian Trees: 629. 1921; Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 427. 1911;— Pasania lindleyana (Wall. ex A.DC.) Schottky, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 47: 667. 1912; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 970. 1930.— Synaedrys lindleyana (Wall. ex A.DC.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 196. 1916.

Thailand.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai. Distribution.— Myanma (type), Vietnam, Cambodia. Ecology.— Tropical evergreen forest, lower montane forest, moist upper mixed deciduous forest, deciduous dipterocarp-oak forest, on granite and sandstone bedrocks, alt. 700–1500 m (usually 700–1000 m). Flowering Feb.–Dec. (usually Feb.–May), fruiting May–Dec. (usually May–July). Vernacular.— Ko dang (°Õ¥à “ßà ), ko mu bai luang (°ÕÀ¡à „∫À≈«ßŸ ), ko bai yai (°Õ„∫„À≠à à), A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 111 ko khon (°àÕ¢π), ko mu (°àÕÀ¡Ÿ), ko dueai kai (°àÕ‡¥◊Õ¬‰°),à ko ta mu luang (°àÕµ“À¡ŸÀ≈«ß) (Northern).

28. Lithocarpus loratefolius Phengklai, Thai Forest Bull. (Bot.) 32: 119. 2004. Fig. 29. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Ranong (Wongprasert 92-6-68, holotype BKF!). Distribution.— Endemic to Thailand. Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, alt. 100–200 m. Fruiting May–June. Vernacular.— Ko wong (°Õ«ßà ), ko ranong (°Õ√–πÕßà ) (Peninsular).

29. Lithocarpus lucidus (Roxb.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 128. 1919; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 363. 1940; A.Camus, Chänes,Texte 3: 390, t. 386. 1954; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 341. 1972.— Quercus lucida Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3: 635. 1832; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 614. 1888; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 69, t. 64. 1889; Corner, Wayside Trees: 304. 1940.— Q. omalokos Korth., Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot.: 214. 1844; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 614. 1888.— Q. cuneata Roxb. ex A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 108. 1864.— Cyclobalanus omalokos (Korth.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 80. 1866.— Pasania lucida (Roxb.) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 440. 1915; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 383. 1924.— Synaedrys omakokos (Korth.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 192. 1916.— Lithocarpus omalokos (Korth.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 129. 1919; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 135. 1940; A.Camus, Chênes, Texte 3: 695, t. 387. 1954.— Synaedrys lucida (Roxb.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo). 30: 192. 1916. Thailand.— SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi; PENINSULAR: Songkhla. Distribution.— India, Malaysia (type), Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei. Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, often by streams, on granite bedrock. Vernacular.— Ma ko dam (¡–°àÕ¥”), ko dam (°àÕ¥”) (Southeastern).

30. Lithocarpus macphailii (M.R.Hend.) Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 368. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 178. 1944; A.Camus, Chänes, Atlas 3: 76. 1949; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 339. 1972.— Pasania macphailii M.R.Hend., Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 5: 76. 1930. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Narathiwat. Distribution.— Malaysia (Kalimantan, type), Indonesia. Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, alt. 100–250 m. Flowering and fruiting July–Aug. Vernacular.— Ko hin (°ÕÀà π‘ ) (Peninsular).

31. Lithocarpus magneinii (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 41. 1931; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 349. 1940; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, 112 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 29. Lithocarpus loratefolius Phengklai: A. twig and leaves, A-1 young twig; B. acorn, B-1 nut, B- 2 view of inside of cupule, B-3 outside of cupule (Wongprasert 68). A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 113

Fl. China 4: 355. 1999.— Pasania magneinii Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 405. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 999. 1930. Fig. 30. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Lamphun. Distribution.— China (type), Laos, Vietnam. Ecology.— Lower montane forest, evergreen forest, deciduous dipterocarp forest, alt. 880–2000 m (usually 900–1300 m). Flowering Feb.–Dec. (usually Aug.–Sept.), fruiting March. Vernacular.— Ko laem (°Õ·À≈¡à ), ko bai laem (°Õ„∫·À≈¡à ) (Northern).

32. Lithocarpus magnificus (Brandis) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 41. 1931; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 381. 1940.— Quercus magnifica Brandis (non Hort. Ex Dippel), Indian Trees, ed 3: 631. 1911. Fig. 31. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Nan, Phrae; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi. Distribution.— Myanma (type). Ecology.— Lower montane forest, oak forest, dry evergreen forest, on limestone bedrock, alt. 750–2200 m (usually 1100–1300 m). Flowering Dec.–Feb., fruiting Jan.–June. Vernacular.— Ko sak (°Õ à °— ) (Northern).

33. Lithocarpus maingayi (Benth.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 129. 1919; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 392. 1940; A.Camus, Chänes,Texte 3: 577. 1954; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 331. 1972.— Quercus maingayi Benth., Hooker’s Icon Pl. 14: t. 1314. 1880; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 617. 1888; Corner, Wayside Trees: 304, f. 98. 1940.— Pasania maingayi (Benth.) Schottky, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 47: 627. 1912; Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 451. 1915.— Synaedrys maingayi (Benth.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 189. 1916.— Lithocarpus subnucifer A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Hist. Natl. Hist. Nat., II, 4: 123. 1932. Fig. 32. Thailand.— SOUTHEASTERN: Trat; PENINSULAR: Songkhla. Distribution.— Malaysia (Penang, type). Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, on granite bedrock, alt. 100–500 m. Flowering Sept.–Nov., fruiting Nov.–Jan. Vernacular.— Ko trae (°Õ·µ√à ) (Peninsular).

34. Lithocarpus mekongensis (A.Camus) C.C.Huang & Y.T.Chang, Guihaia 12: 2. 1992; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 365. 1999.— L . microspermus A.Camus ssp. mekongensis A.Camus, Chênes, Atlas 3: 116. 1948. Fig. 33. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang. Distribution.— China, Laos (type), Vietnam. Ecology.— Evergreen forest, pine-deciduous dipterocarp forest, on sandstone, and granite bedrock. 114 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 30. Lithocarpus magneinii (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus: A. twig, leaves and male inflorescences (Tagawa et al. T-9125), A-1 terminal and lateral buds, A-2 male flower; B. female inflorescence (Konta 4282), B-1 female flowers; C. acorn. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 115

Figure 31. Lithocarpus magnificus (Brandis) A.Camus: A. twig, female inflorescence and young infructescences and leaves, A-1 female inflorescence; B. infructescence, leaf and detached leaf (Konta 4288). 116 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 32. Lithocarpus maingayi (Benth.) Rehder: A. two detached leaves; B. female inflorescences (Poore 1375); C. mature acorn (Stone 9594), C-1 nut, C-2 young acorn (Niyomdham 3096). A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 117

Figure 33. Lithocarpus mekongensis (A.Camus) C.C.Huang & Y.T.Chang: A. twig, leaves and inflorescences (van Beusekom et al. 2500), A-1 male flower cluster; B. infructescence (Sangkhachand 116). 118 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Vernacular.— Ko noi (°àÕπâÕ¬) (Northern).

35. Lithocarpus neo-robinsonii A.Camus, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 13: 265. 1949; A. Camus, Chênes, Atlas 3: 77, t. 410. 1949; A.Camus, Chênes, Texte 3: 780. 1954; Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8: 261. 1970; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 336. 1972.— Quercus robinsonii Ridl. (non Merr.), J. Fed. Malay States Mus. 5: 46. 1914.— Pasania robinsonii (Ridl.) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 450. 1915. Fig. 34. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Ranong, Phangnga. Distribution.— Malaysia (type). Ecology.— Tropical evergreen forest, lower montane forest, alt. 900–1500 m. Flowering and fruiting Feb.–March. Vernacular.— Ko khrang (°Õ§√à ß—Ë ) (Peninsular).

36. Lithocarpus pattaniensis Barnett, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 104. 1938; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 147. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 335. 1944. A.Camus, Chênes, Texte 3: 770. 1954; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 336. 1972. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Surat Thani, Pattani (Kerr 7583, type), Narathiwat. Distribution.— Malaysia. Ecology.— On ridges in tropical evergreen forest. Flowering Sept., fruiting Aug.– Sept. Vernacular.— Ko pattani (°Õªà µµ“πí ),’ ko lap (°ÕÀ≈à ∫— ).

37. Lithocarpus pierrei (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 41. 1931; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 328. 1940; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 484. 1968. — Pasania pierrei Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 398, f. 3. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 987. 1930. Thailand.— SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi. Distribution.— Vietnam (type). Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, alt. up to 500 m. Flowering and fruiting July. Vernacular.— Ko phloi chan (°Õæ≈Õ¬®à π∑π— )å (Southeastern)

38. Lithocarpus platycarpus (Blume) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 130. 1919; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 364. 1940; A.Camus, Chênes, Texte 3: 698. 1954; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 340. 1972.— Quercus platycarpa Blume, Fl. Javae 13–14: 27, t. 15. 1829; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 92. 1864; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 70, t. 65. 1889; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 2: 7. 1965.— Cyclobalanus platycarpa (Blume) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 80. 1866.— Synaedrys platycarpa (Blume) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 192. 1916. Fig. 35. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 119

Figure 34. Lithocarpus neo-robinsonii A.Camus: A. twig and buds; B. & B-1 infructescence & acorn (Abbe et al. 9105); C & C-1 male inflorescences & flower (enlarged) (Ogata, KEP. 110274). 120 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 35. Lithocarpus platycarpus (Blume) Rehder: A. twig, leaves and inflorescences (Abbe et al. 9694); B. bud; C. female flower; D. acorn (Smitinand 2332). A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 121

Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang. Distribution.— Malaysia, Indonesia (type). Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen to lower montane forest, on granite bedrock, alt. 50–1750 m (usually 200–300 m). Flowering Feb.–Nov., fruiting March–Aug. Vernacular.— Ko sae (°Õ·´–à ), ko lap (°ÕÀ≈à ∫— )

39. Lithocarpus polystachyus (Wall. ex A.DC.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 130. 1919; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 105. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 333. 1941; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 333. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 487. 1968.— Quercus polystachya Wall. ex A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 107. 1864; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burm 2: 485. 1877; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 610. 1888; Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911. 472; Brandis, Indian Trees: 630. 1921.— Q. bancana Kurz (non Scheff.), Forest Fl. Burm 2: 485. 1877.— Pasania polystachya (Wall. ex A.DC.) Schottky, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 47: 667. 1912.— Synaedrys polystachya (Wall. ex A.DC.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 197. 1916. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Lampang, Phitsanulok, Kamphaeng Phet; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei, Maha Sarakham; EASTERN: Nakhon Rachasima, Ubon Ratchathani; SOUTHWESTERN: Uthai Thani, Kanchanaburi; CENTRAL: Suphan Buri; SOUTHEASTERN: Trat; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Narathiwat. Distribution.— India, Myanma (type), Laos, Vietnam. Ecology.— Deciduous dipterocarp forest, deciduous dipterocarp-pine forest, mixed deciduous-oak forest, old clearings, evergreen to lower montane forests; on sandstone bedrock, alt. 60–2200 m (usually 600–1000 m). Flowering Jan.–Dec. (usually Nov.–May), fruiting June–Nov. Vernacular.— Ko mak (°ÕÀ¡“°à ), ko hin (°ÕÀà π‘ ), ko ngae (°Õ·ß–à ), ko daeng (°Õ·¥ßà ), ko ta mu (°Õµ“À¡à )Ÿ (Northern); ko ket dam (°Õ‡°à ¥¥”Á ) (Northeastern); ko hua mu (°ÕÀà «À¡— )Ÿ (Eastern); ko khua (°Õ§à «—Ë ) (Peninsular). Uses.— Nuts edible.

40. Lithocarpus rassa (Miq.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 130. 1919; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 356. 1940; A.Camus, Chênes, Texte 3: 739, t. 1954; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 364. 1972.— Quercus rassa Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv.: 350. 1861; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 95. 1864; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 613. 1888; Corner, Wayside Trees: 304, f. 96. 1940.— Cyclobalanus rassa (Miq.) Oerst., Skr. Vidensk.-Selsk. Christiana, Math.- Naturvidensk. Kl. 5(9): 376. 1871.— Quercus wenzigiana King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 613. 1888.— Q. rassa Miq. var. lanuginosa Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 61: 37. 1912.— Pasania rassa (Miq.) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 436. 1915.— P. wenzigiana (King ex Hook.f.) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 435. 1915.— Synaedrys rassa (Miq.) Koidz., Bot Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 192. 1916.— S. wenzigiana 122 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

(King ex Hook.f.) Koidz, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo): 193. 1916.— Lithocarpus rangerianus A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., II, 4: 913. 1932.— L. ridleyanus A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., II, 4: 913. 1932. Fig. 36. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang. Distribution.— Malaysia, Indonesia (type). Ecology.—Tropical evergreen forest, along ridges, alt. 700–900 m. Flowering March– Sept., fruiting Aug. Vernacular.— Ko bai iat (°àÕ„∫‡Õ’¬¥), ko iat (°àÕ‡Õ’¬¥) (Peninsular).

41. Lithocarpus recurvatus Barnett, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938. 101. 1938; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 92. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh, 33: 333. 1942; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 333. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 746. 1968. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Kerr 5340, type), Tak; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; PENINSULAR: Ranong. Distribution.— Laos, Vietnam. Ecology.— Lower and upper montane forests, tropical lowland evergreen forest, alt. 180–2400 m (usually 1300–2400 m). Flowering Jan.–Dec. (usually Jan.–May), fruiting Feb.– Nov. (usually Oct.–Nov.). Vernacular.— Ko phua nam (°àÕº—Í«–Àπ“¡), ko phua (°àÕº—Í«–), ko tia (°àÕ‡µ’Ȭ), ko laeng (°Õ·≈à ßâ ) (Northeastern); ko ta mu (°Õµ“À¡à ),Ÿ ko-mi (°ÕÀ¡à )’ (Northern).

42. Lithocarpus reinwardtii (Korth.) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 41. 1931; A.Camus, Chênes, Texte 3: 726, t. 397. 1954; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 151. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 334. 1944; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 359. 1972.— Quercus reinwardtii Korth., Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot.: 211. 1844; A.DC. in A.P. de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 92. 1864.— Cyclobalanus reinwardtii (Korth.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 81. 1866.— Pasania reinwardtii (Korth.) Prantl in H.G.A.Engl. & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflazenfam. 3(1): 55. 1888.— Synaedrys reinwardtii (Korth.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 192. 1916. Thailand.— SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi, Trat; PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Distribution.— Myanma, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia (type). Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, often by streams, alt. 40–400 m. Flowering Jan.–June, fruiting March–Aug. Vernacular.— Ma ko chaeng (¡–°Õ·®ßà ), chaeng (·®ß), mak ko (¡°°— Õà ) (Southeastern).

43. Lithocarpus revolutus Hatus. ex Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8: 273, f. 12. 1970; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 346, f. 25. 1972. Fig. 37. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 123

Figure 36. Lithocarpus rassa (Miq.) Rehder: A. branch with twigs bearing leaves, inflorescences and an infructescence (Smitinand 830), A-1 male flower clusters, A-2 male flower; B. part of infructescence, B-1 acorn, B-2 nut, B-3 cupule. 124 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 37. Lithocarpus revolutus Hatus. ex Soepadmo: A. twig, leaves and inflorescences (Smitinand s.n.), A-1 male flower, A-2 female flower; B. acorn (RSNB 4171). A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 125

Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Narathiwat. Distribution.— Indonesia (type). Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, by streams, alt. 50–200 m. Flowering and fruiting no recorded. Vernacular.— Ko bai sai (°Õ„∫‰∑√à ) (Peninsular).

44. Lithocarpus rufescens Barnett, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 102. 1938; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 120. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 334. 1944. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Phuket (Kerr 7218, type). Distribution.— Endemic to Thailand. Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, alt. 100–150 m. Flowering July, fruiting Sept. Vernacular.— Ko sam chai (°Õ “¡™“¬à ), ko phuket (°Õ¿à ‡°Ÿ µÁ ) (Peninsular).

45. Lithocarpus scortechinii (King ex Hook.f.) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 42. 1931; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 85. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 333. 1941; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 333. 1944; Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8: 278. 1970; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 380. 1972.— Quercus scortechinii King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 608. 1888; Corner, Wayside Trees: 304, f. 96. 1940.— Pasania scortechinii (King ex Hook.f.) Schottky, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 47: 676. 1912.— Lithocarpus smitinandianus A.Camus, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 14: 257. 1953. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Pattani. Distribution.— Malaysia (type). Ecology.—Tropical evergreen forest, alt. 650–1000 m. Flowering Nov., fruiting April– Sept. Vernacular.— Ko khai laen (°Õ‰¢à ·≈πà ), ko do lae (°Õ¥Õ·≈à ) (Peninsular).

46. Lithocarpus siamensis A.Camus, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 14: 257. 1953; A. Camus, Chänes, Texte 3: 1271, t. 28. 1954; Hjelm., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 480. 1968. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat (Smitinand 5076, type). Distribution.— Cambodia. Ecology.— Tropical evergreen forest, alt. 650–750 m. Flowering Nov.–Jan., fruiting Jan.–March. Vernacular.— Ko ruk (°àÕ√ÿ°) (Peninsular).

47. Lithocarpus sootepensis (Craib) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 42. 1931; A. Camus, Chänes, Texte 3: 807. 1954; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 139. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 334. 1942; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 334. 1944; Hjelmq., 126 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 488. 1968.— Quercus sootepensis Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 472. 1911; Craib, Contr. Fl. Siam, Aber. Univ.: 201. 1912.— Pasania sootepensis (Craib) Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 399. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 989. 1930. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Kerr 780, type), Chiang Rai, Lamphun. Distribution.— Malaysia (Kedah). Ecology.— Deciduous dipterocarp forest, mixed deciduous forest, lower montane forest, oak-pine forest, on granite bedrock, alt. 600–1650 m (usually 800–1200 m). Flowering Jan.–Dec. (usually Sept.–Dec.), fruiting June–Dec. Vernacular.— Ko lueat (°àÕ‡≈◊Õ¥), ko ta mu (°àÕµ“À¡),Ÿ ko hua mu (°àÕÀ—«À¡Ÿ), ko sa yak (°Õ –À¬“°à ), ko daeng (°Õ·¥ßà ), ko hua suea (°ÕÀà «‡ — Õ◊) (Northern).

48. Lithocarpus sundaicus (Blume) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 131. 1919; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 97. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 333. 1941; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh, 34: 333. 1944; A.Camus, Chänes, Texte 3: 910, t. 448. 1954; Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8: 282. 1970; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 375. 1972.— Quercus sundaica Blume, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 9: 216. 1825; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 611. 1888; Corner, Wayside Trees: 305. 1940; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 2: 8. 1965.— Pasania sundaica (Blume) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 83. 1866; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 379. 1924.— Quercus lamponga Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv.: 348. 1861; Corner, Wayside Trees: 303. 1940.— Cyclobalanus lamponga (Miq.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 81. 1867.— Pasania lamponga (Miq.) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 423. 1915.— Quercus grandifrons King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India, 5: 610. 1888; Corner, Wayside Trees: 303. 1940. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang, Songkhla, Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat. Distribution.— Malaysia, Indonesia (type), Brunei. Ecology.— Swamp forest, tropical rain forest, alt. 50–900 m. FloweringApril–Nov., fruiting July–Dec. Vernacular.— Ko lap tao pun (°àÕÀ≈—∫‡µâ“ªŸπ), ko hin (°àÕÀ‘π), ko kriap (°àÕ‡°√’¬∫), ko talap (°Õµ≈à ∫— ), ko mu (°ÕÀ¡à ),Ÿ ko lang khao (°ÕÀ≈à ߢ“«— ).

49. Lithocarpus thomsonii (Miq.) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 132. 1919; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 102. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 333. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 485. 1968; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 346. 1999.— Quercus thomsoni Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 109. 1864; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burm 2: 486. 1877; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 615. 1888; Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 473; Brandis, Indian Trees: 632. 1911.— Synaedrys thomsonii (Miq.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 193. 1916.— Pasania thomsonii (Miq.) Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 390. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 974. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 127

1930.— Quercus tubinata Roxb., (non Blume), Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3: 636. 1832.— Lithocarpus annamensis [non (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus], Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 483. 1968. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lampang, Tak, Phitsanulok; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei, Nakhon Phanom; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; CENTRAL: Nakhon Nayok; SOUTHEASTERN: Prachinburi, Rayong, Chanthaburi, Trat; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Narathiwat. Distribution.— India (type), Myanma, China, Laos, Vietnam. Ecology.— Mixed deciduous forest, dry evergreen forest, scrub forest, lower montane forest, alt. 100–1700 m (usually 500–900 m). Flowering Jan.–Dec. (usually Nov.– Dec.), fruiting Jan.–Dec. (usually July–Sept.). Vernacular.— Ko khao (°Õ¢à “«â ), ko mon (°ÕÀ¡à πà ), ko nam (°Õπà È”), ko khao (°Õ¢“«à ), ko ta mu (°àÕµ“À¡Ÿ), (Northern); ko khao (°àÕ¢“«), ko chaeng (°àÕ·®ß) (Southeastern); kliang cha mon (‡°≈¬ß™–‚¡π’È ), (Peninsular); muk ko mo (À¡°°— ÕÀ¡à Õâ ) (Eastern).

50. Lithocarpus trachycarpus (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 42. 1931; A.Camus, Chênes, Texte 3: 836. 1954; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 374. 1940; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 478. 1968; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 358. 1999.— Pasania trachycarpa Hickel & A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 29: 604. 1923; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 977. 1930. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Lampang; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; SOUTHWESTERN: Phetchaburi; PENINSULAR: Songkhla. Distribution.— Laos (type), Vietnam. Ecology.— Lower montane forest, dry evergreen forest, deciduous dipterocarp forest, on rocky and granite bedrock, alt. 470–1500 m (usually 1000–1300 m). Flowering Jan.–Dec. (usually May–Aug.), fruiting March–Sept. Vernacular.— Ko lai (°Õ≈“¬à ), ko duei (°Õ‡¥à Õ¬◊), ko wai (°ÕÀ«“¬à ) (Northern); ko daeng (°àÕ·¥ß), ko nuat daeng (°àÕÀπ«¥·¥ß), ko phuang (°àÕæ«ß), ko phua (°àÕº—Í«–), ko khao (°àբ⓫) (Northeastern). Uses.— Nuts edible.

51. Lithocarpus truncatus (King ex Hook.f.) Rehder & Wilson, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 132. 1919; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 131. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 339. 1942; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 335. 1944; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 490. 1968; A.Camus, Chênes, Texte 3: 645. 1954; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 343. 1999.— Quercus truncata King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 618. 1888; Craib, Kew Bull 1911: 473; Brandis, Indian Trees: 632. 1921.— Pasania truncata (King ex Hook.f.) Schottky, Bot. Jahrb. Syst., 47: 663. 1912; Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 402. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 992. 1930.— Synaedrys truncata (King ex Hook.f.) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 190. 1916. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NORTHEASTERN: Loei; EASTERN: 128 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Chaiyaphum; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi. Distribution.— India (type), Myanma, China, Laos, Vietnam. Ecology.— Lower montane forest, pine-oak savannah forest, dry evergreen forest, on sandstone and granite bedrocks, alt. 600–1260 m (usually 900–1000 m). Flowering May– Jan., fruiting March–Nov. Vernacular.— Ko duk (°àÕ¥Ÿ°) (Northern); ko dam (°àÕ¥”), ko duk (°àÕ¥Ÿ°), ko khao (°Õ¢à “«â ), ko klet dam (°Õ‡°≈à ¥¥”Á ) (Northeastern).

52. Lithocarpus tubulosus (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 42. 1931; A.Camus, Chänes,Texte 3: 782. 1954; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 395. 1940; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 351. 1999.— Pasania tubulosa Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 405. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo- Chine 5: 1000. 1930. Thailand.— SOUTHEASTERN: Trat; PENINSULAR: Trang. Distribution.— Laos, Vietnam (type). Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, alt. 50–100 m. Flowering Feb.–April, fruiting June–Dec. Vernacular.— Ko chuk (°àÕ®ÿ°), ko khon (°àÕ¢π) (Peninsular), chaeng (·®ß) (South eastern). Uses.— Nuts edible (Laos).

53. Lithocarpus vestitus (Hickel & A.Camus) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 42. 1931; A.Camus, Chênes, Texte 3: 940. 1954. Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 338. 1940; Chun., J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 230. 1947; Hjelmq., Dansk Bot. Ark. 23: 486. 1968.— Pasania vestita Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 393. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 980. 1930.— Lithocarpus microspermus A.Camus, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 81: 818. 1935. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun; EASTERN: Nakhon Rachasima; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; PENINSULAR: Ranong. Distribution.— Laos (type). Ecology.— Tropical evergreen and dry everygreen forest, pine-deciduous dipterocarp and oak-pine forests, mixed deciduous forest, alt. 50–1400 m (usually 600–1100 m). Flowering Dec.–May, fruiting Feb.–Oct. Vernacular.— Ko nu (°ÕÀπà )Ÿ (Northern); ko khi mu (°Õ¢à À¡’È )Ÿ (Southwestern).

54. Lithocarpus wallichianus (Lindl. ex Hance) Rehder, J. Arnold Arbor. 1: 132. 1919; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 100. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh, 33: 333. 1942; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 333. 1944; A.Camus, Chênes, Texte 3: 1102, t. 503. 1954; Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8: 287. 1970; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 129

368. 1972; Soepadmo, Julia & Go in E.Soepadmo & L.G. Saw, Tree Fl. Sabah & Sarawak 3: 94. 2000.— Quercus wallichiana Lindl. ex Hance, J. Bot. 8: 4. 1870; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 610. 1888; Corner, Wayside Trees: 305, f. 96. 1940.— Pasania wallichiana (Lindl. |ex Hance) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 425. 1915; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 378. 1924.— Synaedrys wallichiana (Lindl. ex Hance) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 30: 199. 1916. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi; PENINSULAR: Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla, Narathiwat. Distribution.— Malaysia (type), Singapore, Indonesia. Ecology.— Tropical evergreen forest, lower montane oak-pine forest, often by stream, on sandstone bedrock. Vernacular.— Ko mu (°ÕÀ¡à ),Ÿ chaeng (·®ß), ko chaeng (°Õ·®ßà ) (Southeastern), pan fa pun (ªπΩ“ªí πŸ ) (Peninsular).

55. Lithocarpus wrayi (King) A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 18: 42. 1931; Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8: 288. 1970; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 334. 1972.— Quercus wrayi King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 77, t. 104. 1889.— Q. lappaceus King ex Hook.f. (non Rock), Fl. Brit. India 5: 607. 1888, quoad Malaya; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 41. 1888; Corner, Wayside Trees: 303. 1943.— Brandis, Indian Trees: 633. 1921.— Pasania wrayi (King) Gamble, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 446. 1915.— P. lappacea Gamble (non Oerst.), J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 75: 446. 1915.— Synaedrys wrayi (King) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 187. 1916.— Lithocarpus longispinus Barnett, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 100. 1938; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 87. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 333. 1944; A.Camus, Chänes,Texte 3: 770, t. 1948. 1954; Soepadmo, Reinwardtia 8: 266. 1970; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 334, f. 22. 1972. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai; NORTHEASTERN: Loei; SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Surat Thani, Phangnga, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, Yala, Narathiwat. Distribution.— Vietnam, Malaysia (type), Indonesia. Ecology.— Lowland tropical evergreen forest, savannah forest, often by stream, on limestone and granite bedrocks, alt. 50–600 m. Flowering Jan.–July, fruiting April–Sept. Vernacular.— Ko kriap (°àÕ‡°√’¬∫), ko kuan (°àÕ°«π), ko ruk (°àÕ√ÿ°), ko ta lap (°àÕ µ≈—∫), ta lap tao pun (µ≈—∫‡µâ“ªŸπ), ko lang khao (°àÕÀ≈—ߢ“«), ko dan (°àÕ¥“π) (Peninsular).

56. Lithocarpus xylocarpus (Kurz) Markgr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 59: 66. 1924; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 375. 1940; A.Camus, Chänes,Texte 3: 604. 1954; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 339. 1999.— Quercus xylocarpa Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 44(2): 196. 1875; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burm 2: 489. 1877; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 618. 1888.— Pasania xylocarpa (Kurz) Schottky, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 47: 674. 1912; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 995. 1930.— Synaedrys 130 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34 xylocarpa (Kurz) Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo), 30: 190. 1916.— Pasania capusii Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 404. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo- Chine 5: 995.1930. Fig 38. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai. Distribution.— China, Myanma (type), India, Laos, Vietnam. Ecology.— Lower and upper montane forests, alt. 1400–2400 m. Flowering and fruiting Oct.–Dec. Vernacular.— Ko satit (°Õ ∑à µ‘ ) (Northern).

3. QUERCUS*

L., Gen. Pl. ed. 5: 413. 1754; A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 2. 1864; Benth. & Hook., Gen. Pl. 3: 407. 1880; Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 600. 1888; Prantl in H.G.A.Engl. & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflazenfam. 3(1): 55. 1888; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 19. 1889; A.Camus, Chänes, Texte 1: 7. 1938; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 329. 1942; Hutchinson, Gen. Fl. Pl. 2: 13. 1967; Soepadmo, Gard. Bull. Singapore 22: 355. 1968; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 385. 1972.— Cyclobalanopsis Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 77. 1866; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 380. 1999. Deciduous or evergreen trees rarely shrubs. Branchlets initially densely tomentose or brownish, stiff, pubescent, glabrescent. Terminal buds usually ovoid, conical or ellipsoid, usually densely crowded. Stipules extrapetiolar, caducous. Leaves spirally arranged or rarely pseudo-whorled, serrate, dentate or lobed, rarely entire, very variable in form and size even within the species, glabrous to densely pubescent or tomentose. Inflorescences with male and female flowers separate on same branch. Male inflorescences solitary or in paniculate clusters of pendulous catkins, in upper leaf scars or subterminal below new shoots. Female inflorescences erect, solitary spikes, axillary. Male flowers solitary or in clusters of 3–4; perianth scarious, 4–6 lobed, the lobes connate at base, densely tomentose. Stamens (4–)6, anther basifixed, dehiscing with a longitudinal slit, usually hairy. Rudimentary ovary always absent. Female flowers always solitary, perianth (4–)6 lobed, staminodes absent or 5–7. Styles 3(–6), cylindrical, more or less recurved, free or connate at base; stigmas broadly capitate, glabrous. Ovary cells as many as styles. Cupule cup or saucer- shaped, obconic or obovoid-globose, lamellate, hairy on both sides, lamellae imbricate or ring-like and in 5–12 lines. Fruit ovoid, globose or turbinate, nut partly or nearly completely enclosed by a cupule from which it is free; scar present and noticeable. A genus of about 600 species widely distributed through North & South America, North Africa and Europe into the Asian tropics and subtropics. Twenty-nine species are indigenous to Thailand.

* with T. Boonthavikoon & P. Phonsena, The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 131

Figure 38. Lithocarpus xylocarpus (Kurz) Markgr.: A. twig & buds, A-1 a form of leaf; B. infructescence, B-1 nut ( Smitinand et al. 8340). 132 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Vernacular.— Ko phuang (°àÕæ«ß) (Northern).

KEY TO THE SPECIES (based on acorns)

1. External surface of cupules with alternate lamellae, resembling fish scales, or some lamellae spread out 2. Cupule obconic or crown-shaped 3. Cupule crown-shaped with spreading lamellae. Leaves strongly serrate and the end of secondary nerves projecting as long spines 1. Q. acutissimus 3. Cupule obconic 4. Lamellae with thick and incurved as a terete hook at apex. Leaves densely tomentose on both sides, especially on lower surface 11. Q. kingianus 4. Lamellae evenly flattened. Leaves glabrous and shiny on both sides 28. Q. setulosus 2. Cupule cup- or saucer-shaped or globose 5. Each infructescence with (1–)2 acorns. Leaves elliptic or ovate, entire or serrate. Stipule not caducous 6. Leaves serrate 8. Q. franchetii 6. Leaves entire 26. Q. semecarpifolia 5. Each infructescence not less than 3-acorned. Leaves obovate or ovate, serrate. Stipules caducous 7. Mature nuts ovoid, broader than long, up to 1 by 1.5 cm. Leaves usually cordate or auriculate at base 13. Q. lanata 7. Mature nuts tubular-ovoid, longer than broad, not less than 1.5 by 1 cm. Leaves slightly cuneate and more or less auriculate at base 2. Q. aliena 1. External surface of cupules with lines of lamellae arranged in rings 8. Cupules cup- or dish-shaped 9. Cupules with fruit stalks, 0.5–1 cm long 10. Acorns (cupule & nut) broader than long 11. Nuts ovoid; cupules covering 1/2 of nut, limb always dilated (when mature). Leaves up to 18 cm long 23. Q. ramsbottomii 11. Nuts flattened both top and base; cupules covering the nut to the apex or beyond, but not enclosing the tapex, limb not dilated (when mature). Leaves up to 30 cm long 5. Q. austro-cochinchinensis 10. Acorns (cupule & nut) longer than broad 12. Style (young acorn) with capitate stigmata. Cupules (mature) covering about 1/2 or more of nuts 19. Q. oidocarpus 12. Style (young acorn) with dilate stigmata. Cupules (mature) covering 1/4 to 1/3 of nuts 27. Q. semiserratus 9. Cupules sessile 13. Cupules (mature) covering the nuts for up to 1/3 or occasionally nearly 1/2 of their length. Leaves always in pseudo-whorls at the end of twigs 14. Nuts not less than 3 cm long. Cupules with dilated (mature) limb and densely ferruginous- tomentose. Leaves obovate, ovate-oblong 7. Q. fleuryi 14. Nuts up to 3 cm long. Cupules lacking dilated limb, densely brown-tomentose. Leaves lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate 22. Q. quangtriensis 13. Cupules (mature) enclosing nuts for ip to 2/3 or 1/2 of their length. Leaves not in pseudo-whorls at the end of twigs 15. Acorns (cupule and nut) up to 2.1 by 2 cm. Twigs glabrous. Leaves elliptic, elliptic oblong, petioles blackish when dry. 16. Acorns up to 1 by 1 cm, densely brown-hairy 18. Q. sessilifolia 16. Acorns not less than 2 by 1.7 cm, pale tawny-pubescent 3. Q. augustinii 15. Acorns (cupule & nut) not less than 3 by 2.5 cm. Twigs densely tomentose. Leaves lanceolate, obovate, petioles not black when dry A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 133

17. Leaves weakly obovate, minutely serrate on apical 1/3, secondary nerves up to 9 pairs 4. Q. auricoma 17. Leaves lanceolate, strongly serrate on apical 2/3, secondary nerves not less than 14 pairs 15. Q. lineatus 8. Cupules saucer-shaped or obconic 18. Nuts conical, dome-shaped or mammilliform 19. Cupules obconic 20. Nut conical. Leaves obovate or oblong-lanceolate 21. Leaves obovate or ovate. Acorns sessile 6. Q. brandisianus 21. Leaves oblong-lanceolate. Acorns stalked 25. Q. saravannensis 20. Nuts mammilliform. Leaves lanceolate 17. Q. mysinaefolius 19. Cupules saucer-shaped 22. Leaves obovate, densely yellow tomentose on lower surface. Stigmata capitate 21. Q. poilanei 22. Leaves oblong, ovate-oblong, pubescent then glabrous on both surfaces. Stigmata dilate 20. Q. oxyodon 18. Nuts hemisphaeric, flattened or subflattened 23. Nut apices weakly cone-like. Cupules saucer-shaped 24. Nuts up to 2.1 cm broad. Styles 3, stigmata capitate 14. Q. lenticellatus 24. Nuts not less than 2.5 cm broad. Styles (3–)4–6, stigmata capitate 25. Apex of rings or lamellae pointing upward, adnate or fused to the cupule surface. Leaves oblong, base obtuse 29. Q. vestitus 25. Apex of rings or lamellae reflexed, not adnate or fused to cupule surface. Leaves obovate, base cuneate 24. Q. rex 23. Nut apices flattened to retuse 26. Cupules enclosing the nuts to their apices 27. Cupules obconical-shaped, laments set in fine ringed or lamellae 10. Q. kerrii 27. Cupules saucer-shaped, lamentas set in irregular rings or lamellae, especially on the lateral part 12. Q. lamellosa 26. Cupules enclosing the nuts for up to 1/2 their length 28. Cupules enclosing the nuts for up to one-fifth of their length or at the base only. Leaves velutinous on lower surface 9. Q. helferianus 28. Cupules enclosing the nuts for 1/3 to 1/2 of their length. Leaves glabrescent or densely pubescent on lower surface 16. Q. mespilifolius

1. Quercus acutissima Carruth., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 6: 33. 1862; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 372. 1999.— Q. serrata Barnett (non Thunb.), Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 28. 1940; Barnett, Trans.& Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 366. 1944. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai. NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei. EASTERN: Chaiyaphum. Distribution.— India, Nepal (type), Myanma, Vietnam, Laos, China, Korea, Japan, U.S.A. Ecology.— Lower montane forest, oak-pine forest and oak-savannah forest, on sandstone bedrock, alt. 650–1300 m. (usually 1000–1300 m). Flowering Jan.–March, fruiting March–Nov. Vernacular.— Ko khi kwang (°àÕ¢’È°«“ß), ko daeng (°àÕ·¥ß), ko ub khao (°àÕÕÿ∫¢â“«) (Northeastern).

2. Quercus aliena Blume, Mus. Bot. 1.: 298. 1851; A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 14. Dec. (usually April–May). 134 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

12 3

456

7 89

10 11 12

13 14 15

Figure 39. Various acorns in the genus Quercus: 1) °àÕ¢’È°«“ß Quercus acutissimus; 2) °àÕ‡µ’Ȭ Q. aliena sub sp. aliena; 3) °àÕ„∫√ ’ Q. augustinii; 4) °àÕÀ¡«° Q. auricomus; 5) °àÕ·Õ∫ Q. austro-cochinchinensis; 6) °àÕµ“§«“¬ Q. brandisianus; 7) °àÕÀ‘π Q. fleuryi; 8) °àÕ·§√– Q. franchetii; 9) °àÕ¢’ÈÀ¡ Ÿ Q. helferianus; 10) °àÕ·æ– Q. kerrii; 11) °àÕ·¥ß Q. kingianus; 12) °àÕ·Õ∫¢â“« Q. lamellosa; 13) °àÕ‡∑“ Q. lanata; 14) °àÕµ“§≈Õ¬ Q. lenticellatus; 15) °àÕÀ¡Õ° Q. lineatus. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 135

16.1 16.2 17

18 19 20

21 22 23

24 25 26

27 28 29

Figure 40. Various acorns in the genus Quercus: 16.1) °àÕ·ß– Quercus mespilifolius var. mespilifolius; 16.2) °àÕµ≈—∫ Quercus mespilifolius var. pubescens; 17) °àÕ¥à“ß Q. myrsinaefolius; 18) °àÕ®—π∑πå Q sessilifolia; 19) °àÕÀ¡«° Q. oidocarpus; 20) °àÕ‡≈◊ËÕ¡ Q. oxydon; 21) °àÕ ’‡ ’¬¥ Q. poilanei; 22) °àÕÀπ«¥·¡« Q. quangtriensis; 23) °àÕµ≈—∫ Q. ramsbottomii; 24) °àÕµ≈—∫ Q. rex; 25) °àÕ‡°≈’È¬ß Q. saravanensis; 26)°àÕ‡™’¬ß¥“« Q. semecarpifolia; 27) °àÕ°√–¥ÿ¡ Q. semiserratus; 28) °àÕµ“® ’ Q. setulosus; 29) °àÕ·Õ∫ Q. vestitus. 136 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

KEY TO SUBSPECIES

1. Leaves glabrous on both surfaces 2.1 subsp. aliena 1. Leaves densely tomentose on lower surface 2.2 subsp. griffithii

subsp. aliena Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum. Distribution.— India, Myanma, Laos, China, Japan (type). Ecology.— Pine-deciduous forest, mixed deciduous forest, savannah and lower montane forest, on granite bedrock, alt. 800–1400 m. (usually 1000–1300 m). Flowering Jan.–Nov. (usually Feb.–April), fruiting Jan.–Aug.. Vernacular.—Ko tia (°àÕ‡µ’Ȭ), ko na ae (°àÕπ–·Õ) (Northern), ko nam (°àÕπÈ”) (Northeastern). Uses.— Nut edible.

subsp. griffithii (Hook.f. & Thomson ex Miq.) Schottky, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 47: 635. 1912.— Quercus griffithii Hook.f. & Thomson ex Miq. in A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 14. 1864; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 602. 1888; Franch., J. Bot.: 147. 1899; Brandis, Indian Trees: 625. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 943. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 24. 1940. Thailand.— NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum. Distribution.— India (Sikkim, type). Ecology.— Mixed deciduous forest, lower montane forest, deciduous dipterocarp- pine forest and open and wet savannah, usually in pure stands on sandstone bedrock by streams; alt. 800–1500 m. (usually 1200–1300 m). Flowering March–June, fruiting March– Dec.. Vernacular.—Ko nam (°Õπà È”), ko khi mu (°Õ¢à À¡’È )Ÿ (Northeastern). Uses.— Nut edible.

3. Quercus augustinii Skan, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 507. 1889; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 230. 1940.— Cyclobalanopsis augustinii (Skan.) Schott., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 47: 656. 1912; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 398. 1999.— Quercus glabricupula Barnett, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 99. 1938; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 69. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh. 34: 331. 1944. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai; NORTHEASTERN: Loei; SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi. Distribution.— China (type), Myanma. Ecology.— Lower and upper montane forests on granite bedrock, alt. 1100–2500 m (usually 1500–2000 m). Flowering Jan.–March, fruiting Jan.–Dec. (usually Jan.–March). A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 137

Vernacular.— Ko mong kut (°àÕ¡ß°ÿÆ) (Northern); ko bai ri (°àÕ„∫√’), ko laem (°àÕ ·À≈¡) (Northeastern).

4. Quercus auricoma A.Camus, Chênes, Atlas. 2: 122. 1935. Fig. 41. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Tak; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum. Distribution.— Vietnam (type). Ecology.— Lower montane forest, oak-pine forest and pine-deciduous dipterocarp forest on limestone hills, often by streams, alt. 800–2500 m (usually 800–1200 m. Flowering Jan.–Dec. (usually Jan.–May), fruiting Jan.–Dec. (usually June–Sept.). Vernacular.— Ko daeng (°Õ·¥ßà ) (Northern); ko muak (°ÕÀ¡«°à ) (Northeastern).

5. Quercus austro-cochinchinensis Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 386. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 959. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Ral. Fag. Asia: 266. 1940.— Cyclobalanopsis austrocochinchinensis (Hickel & A.Camus) Hjelmq., Dansk. Bot. Ark., 23: 503. 1968; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 397. 1999. Thailand.— SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi; PENINSULAR: Phangnga. Distribution.— Laos, Vietnam (type). Ecology.— On slopes of stream valleys in tropical evergreen forest and lower montane forest, alt. 600–1400 m. Flowering Jan., fruiting Feb.–Dec. (usually Feb.–March). Vernacular.— Ko aep (°Õ·Õ∫à ) (Southeastern).

6. Quercus brandisiana Kurz, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42(2): 108. 1873; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burm. 2: 488. 1877; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 604. 1888; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 48. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 331. 1944.— Cyclobalanopsis brandisiana (Kurz) Schottky, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 47: 657. 1912; Hjelm., Dansk Bot. Ark., 23: 507. 1968. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lampang; NORTHEASTERN: Loei; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum. Distribution.— Myanma (type). Ecology.— Pine-oak forest, mixed deciduous forest, pine-deciduous dipterocarp forest, deciduous dipterocarp forest and lower montane forest, on limestone and granite bedrock, alt. 850–1500 m (usually 850–1000 m). Flowering March–Dec., fruiting Feb.–Dec. (usually April–May). Vernacular.— Ko ta khwai (°Õµ“§«“¬à ), ko si siat (°Õ à ‡ ’ ¬¥’ ), ko daeng (°Õ·¥ßà ), ko nun (°ÕÀπà πÿ) (Northern). Uses.— Bark chewed locally with betel nut. 138 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 41. Quercus auricoma A.Camus: A. twig, leaves and infructescence (Phengklai 6799), A-1 view of cupule from above, A-2 nut; B. female inflorescence (Pooma 76). A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 139

7. Quercus fleuryi Hickel & A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat 29: 600. 1923; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 951. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 245. 1940.— Cyclobalanopsis fleuryi (Hickel & A.Camus) W.T.Chun. in Fl. Fujianica 1: 403. 1982; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 385. 1999. Fig. 42. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai; NORTHEASTERN: Loei, Nakhon Phanom; EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima. Distribution.— Vietnam (type). Ecology.— Lowland evergreen to lower montane forest, often by streams; alt. 100– 1500 m (usually 1200 m). Flowering Feb.–Dec. (usually Nov.–Dec.). fruiting Feb.–Dec. (usually Feb.–April). Vernacular.— Se di (‡´¥)’ (Northern); mak ko hin (À¡“°°ÕÀà π‘ ), ko hin (°ÕÀà π‘ ) (Eastern).

8. Quercus franchetii Skan, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 513. 1889; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 37. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 331. 1944; Hjelm., Dansk Bot. Ark., 23: 513. 1968.— Quercus lanuginosa Franch (non D.Don)., J. Bot. (Morot) 13: 149. 1899. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum. Distribution.— Afghanistan, Myanma, China (type). Ecology.— Dry upper mixed deciduous forest, oak-savannah forest, frequent on limestone bedrock, alt. 1600–2100 m. Flowering April, fruiting Feb.–Sept. Vernacular.— Ko pha (°Õº“à ), ko khrae (°Õ·§√–à ) (Northern).

9. Quercus helferiana A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 101. 1864; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 605. 1888; Brandis, Indian Trees: 628. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 958. 1933; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 50. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 331. 1944.— Cyclobalanopsis helferiana (A.DC.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 79. 1866; Hielm., Dansk. Bot. Ark, 23: 504. 1968; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 391. 1999. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Lamphun, Lampang; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi. Distribution.— India (type), Myanma, China, Laos, Vietnam. Ecology.— Mixed deciduous forest, oak-pine forest, oak-savannah forest, lower montane forest and deciduous dipterocarp forest on granite bedrock, alt. 500–2650 m. (usually 800–1500 m). Flowering Dec.–March, fruiting Feb.–Nov. Vernacular.— Ko aep luang (°Õ·Õ∫À≈«ßà ), ko daeng (°Õ·¥ßà ), ko ta mu (°Õµ“À¡à ),Ÿ ko lum (°ÕÀ≈à ¡ÿ), ko kup (°Õ°à ∫— ) (Northern), ko khi mu (°Õ¢à À¡’È )Ÿ (Southwestern). 140 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 42. Quercus fleuryi Hickel & A.Camus: A. twig, leaves and female inflorescences (Murata et al. T- 42597), A-1 female inflorescence, A-2 female flower, A-3 bud; B. male inflorescence (Bingtingngon 36), B-1 male flower; C. acorn, C-1 cupule (Garrett 850). A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 141

Uses.— Wood suitable for heavy construction.

10. Quercus kerrii Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 471. 1911; Craib, Bull. Misc.Inform. Kew 1912: 199. 1912; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 958. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 54. 1940; Barnett, Trans.& Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 331. 1944.— Cyclobalanopsis kerrii (Craib) Hu, Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst. Biol. 10: 106. 1940; Hjelm., Dansk Bot. Ark., 23: 505. 1968; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 391. 1999. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, (Kerr 550, type), Chiang Rai, Lampang, Phrae, Uttaradit, Tak; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum. SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi, Phetchaburi; PENINSULAR: Ranong. Distribution.— Myanma, Indochina. Ecology.— Mixed deciduous forest, oak-deciduous dipterocarp forest, lower montane forest and deciduous dipterocarp forest, on granite bedrock, alt. 400–1250 m (usually 500–900 m). Flowering March–April, fruiting Jan.–Oct. Vernacular.— Ko aep (°Õ·Õ∫à ), ko ta mu (°Õµ“À¡à ),Ÿ ko phae (°Õ·æ–à ) (Northern), ko aep (°Õ·Õ∫à ), ko phae (°Õ·æ–à ), ko khi mu (°Õ¢à À¡’È ),Ÿ ko hin (°ÕÀà π‘ ) (Northeastern), ko ta mu (°Õµ“À¡à )Ÿ (Southwestern). Uses.— Barrels made from the wood of this species are occasionally used for fermenting alcoholic beverages.

11. Quercus kingiana Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 472. 1911; Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1912: 200. 1912; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 945. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 31. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 330. 1944; Hjelm., Dansk Bot. Ark., 23: 509. 1968. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, (Kerr 956, 1284 type), Chiang Rai, Nan, Lampang; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei, Nakhon Phanom; PENINSULAR: Trang. Distribution.— Myanma. Ecology.— Mixed deciduous forest, savannah forest, oak-pine forest and lower montane forest, on limestone and granite bedrock, alt. 500–2100 m (usually 700–1000 m). Flowering Jan.–Nov. (usually Jan.–March), fruiting Jan.–Nov. (usually May–Oct.). Vernacular.— Ko daeng (°àÕ·¥ß), ko ngae (°àÕ·ß–), ko ta mu (°àÕµ“À¡),Ÿ ko dam (°àÕ ¥”), ko aep (°àÕ·Õ∫), ko maeng nun (°àÕ·¡ßπŸπ) (Northern), ko daeng (°àÕ·¥ß), ko khi mu (°àÕ¢’ÈÀ¡),Ÿ ko yuak (°àÕÀ¬«°) (Northeastern). Uses.— Barrels made from the wood of this species are occasionally used for fermenting alcoholic beverages.

12. Quercus lamellosa Sm. in A.Rees, Cycl. 29: 23. 1819; A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 101. 1864; Brandis, Indian Trees: 629. 1921; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 606. 1888; 142 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 255. 1940.— Quercus imbricata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 57. 1825.— Q. paucilamellosa A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 101. 1864.— Cyclobalanopsis lamellosa (Sm.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 79. 1866. Fig. 43. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai. Distribution.— India, Nepal (type), Bhutan, Myanma. Ecology.— Lower montane forest, on limestone bedrock, alt. 1500–1700 m. Vernacular.— Ko aep khao (°àÕ·Õ∫¢â“«) (Northern).

13. Quercus lanata Sm. in A.Rees. Cycl. 29: 27. 1819; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 943, f. 9. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 33. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 330. 1944; Hjelm., Dansk Bot. Ark., 23.4: 512. 1968.— Quercus lanuginosa D.Don (non. Franch.), Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 57. 1825; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 603. 1888; Brandis, Indian Trees: 626. 1921. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai. Distribution.— Nepal (type), Bhutan, Vietnam. Ecology.— Exposed ridges of lower montane forest, on limestone bedrock, alt. 1400– 2200 m (usually 1800–2100 m). Flowering Jan.–Dec. (usually Dec.); fruiting July–Nov. Vernacular.— Ko pha (°àÕº“), ko thao (°àÕ‡∑“), ko lanna (°àÕ≈â“ππ“) (Northern).

14. Quercus lenticellata Barnett, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 98. 1938; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 66. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 331. 1944.— Cyclobalanopsis lenticellata (Barnett) Hjelmq., Dansk. Bot. Ark. 23: 508. 1968. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai (Put 3775, type), Lampang. Distribution.— Endemic to Thailand. Ecology.— Mixed deciduous forest and lower montane forest, by streams on granite bedrock; alt. 880–1800 m. (usually 1000 m or more) Flowering May–Nov.. Vernacular.— Ko ta khloi (°Õµ“§≈Õ¬à ), ko lanna (°Õ≈à “ππ“â ) (Northern).

15. Quercus lineata Blume, Bijdr.: 523. 1826; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 57. 1940. Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 396. 1972.— Q. polyneura Miq., Pl. Jungh.: 11. 1851.— Q. lineata var. heterochroa Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 855. 1856.— Q. oxyrhyncha Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste Bijv.: 347. 1861.— Cyclobalanopsis lineata (Blume) Qerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 78. 1866.— Quercus lineata Blume var. hildebrandii King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 33, t. 26: 1. 1889; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 57. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 331. 1944.— Q. hendersoniana A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl.. Hist. Nat., II, 4: 123. 1923; A.Camus, Chênes, Texte 1: 210, t. 6. 1938.— Q. chapensis Hickel & A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 29 : 598. 1923 A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 143

Figure 43. Quercus lamellosa Sm.: A. twig, leaves and infructescence (Chaloenphol 17), A-1 mature acorn; B. & B-1 different leaf forms (Bunchuai 979). 144 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Thailand.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NORTHEASTERN: Loei; PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Distribution.— India, Myanma, Malaysia, Indonesia (type), Vietnam. Ecology.— Lower montane forest, oak-pine forest and mixed deciduous forest, occasionally on limestone bedrock; alt. 500–2200 m (usually 1200–1500 m). Flowering Jan.– Nov., fruiting Jan.–Dec. (usually May–Sept.). Vernacular.— Ko mok (°ÕÀ¡Õ°à ), ko ta mu (°Õµ“À¡à )Ÿ (Northern).

16. Quercus mespilifolia Wall. ex A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 101. 1864; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burm. 2: 488. 1877; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit India 5: 605. 1888; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2: 35, t. 28. 1889; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 960.1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 259. 1940.— Cylobalanopsis mespilifolia Qerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 79. 1866.; Hjelm., Dansk. Bot. Ark. 23.4: 506. 1968.— Quercus mespilifolioides A.Camus, Rivista Sci. 22: 66. 1935.

KEY TO VARIETIES

1. Leaves pubescent then glabrescent on both surfaces, margin slightly serrate 16.1 var. mespilifolia 1. Leaves pubescent then glabrescent on the upper surface, and durable soft grey hairy on lower surface, margin strongly serrate 16.2 var. pubescens

var. mespilifolia Fig. 44. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Nan, Phrae, Uttaradit, Tak; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi, Uthai Thani; SOUTHEASTERN: Chanthaburi. Distribution.— India, Myanma (type), Laos,Vietnam. Ecology.— Deciduous dipterocarp forest, pine-oak forest and dry evergreen forest, on limestone and granite bedrock, alt. 200–1000 m (usually 700–1000 m). Flowering Feb.– Sept., fruiting Jan.–Sept.. Vernacular.— Ko ngae (°Õ·ß–à ), ko daeng (°Õ·¥ßà ), ko aep (°Õ·Õ∫à ), ko dam (°Õ¥”à ), ko ta mu (°àÕµ“À¡Ÿ) (Northern), ko khi mu (°àÕ¢’ÈÀ¡Ÿ), ko daeng (°àÕ·¥ß), ko khaeng (°àÕ·¢Áß) (Northeastern), ko talup (°Õµ≈à ∫— ) (Southwestern).

var. pubescens Barnett ex Smitinand & Phengklai, Thai Forest Bull., Bot. 32: 119. 2004.— Quercus kerrii Craib var. pubescens Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 331. 1944. Fig. 45. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Kamphaeng Phet (Kerr 6107, type); SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi. Distribution.— Endemic to Thailand. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 145

Figure 44. Quercus mespilifolius Wall. ex A.DC. var. mespilifolius: A. male inflorescences (Suvanasudhi 260), A-1 male flower cluster; B. female flower (Suvanasudhi 260); C. twig, leaves and infructescences (Phengklai et al. 6803), C-1 mature acorn. 146 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 45. Quercus mespilifolius Wall. ex A.DC. var. pubescens Barnett ex Smitinand & Phengklai: A. twig, leaves and infructescences, A-1 & A-2 detached leaf and leaf margin; B. acorn, side view, B-1 top view (enlarged) (Kerr 6107). A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 147

Ecology.— Dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest and deciduous dipterocarp forest, on granite and limestone bedrock. Vernacular.— Ko kamphaeng (°Õ°”·æßà ) (Northern), ko talup (°Õµ≈à ∫— ) (Southwestern).

17. Quercus myrsinaefolius Blume, Mus. Bot. 1: 305. 1851; Miq., Mus. Bot. 1: 117. 1851; Rehder & E.H.Wilson in C.S.Sargent, Pl. Wilson, 3: 236. 1917; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 233. 1940.— Q. bambusifolia Fortune, Gard. Chron. 1860: 170. 1860.— Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia (Blume) Oerst., Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., V, 9:879. 1873; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 398. 1999.— C. mysinaefolia (Blume) Schott., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 47: 656. 1912; Hjelm, Dansk Bot. Ark., 23.4: 501. 1968. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Phitsanulok; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun; EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; CENTRAL: Nakhon Nayok; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Phangnga. Distribution.— Laos, Vietnam, China, Korea, Japan (type). Ecology.— Deciduous dipterocarp forest, dry evergreen forest and lowland evergreen forest, on sandy soils and granite bedrock, often by streams, alt. 50–900 m (usually 500–900 m). Flowering Feb.–Dec. (usually Oct.–Dec.), fruiting March–Dec. (usually Aug.–Oct.). Vernacular.— Ko dang (°Õ¥à “ßà ), tao pun nok (‡µ“ªâ ππ°Ÿ ), sae (· ), (Peninsular).

18. Quercus sessilifolia Blume, Mus. Bot. 1: 305. 1850.— Cyclobalanopsis sessilifolia (Blume) Schottky, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 47: 652. 1912; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 389. 1999.— Quercus nubium Hand.-Mazz, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 59: 137. 1922.— Q. paucidentata Franch. ex Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 583. 1926. Thailand.— SOUTHEASTERN: Trat. Distribution.— China (type) (isotype C). Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest on granite bedrock. Vernacular.— Ko chan (°Õ®à π∑π— ).å

19. Quercus oidocarpus Korth., Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot.: 216, t. 47, fig. 18. 1844; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 603. 1888; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 952. 1930; Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. 3: 373. 1967; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 64. 1940; Barnett, Trans.& Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 331. 1944. Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 392. 1972.— Cyclobalanopsis oidocarpa (Korth.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 78. 1866.— Quercus brevistyla A.Camus, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 80: 353. 1933; A.Camus, Chênes, Texte. 1: 276, t. 17. 1938. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai; NORTHEASTERN: Loei; PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phattalung, Trang, Yala, Narathiwat. 148 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Distribution.— Myanma, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia (type). Ecology.— Tropical evergreen forest, lower montane forest, frequent on ridges of granite bedrock, alt. 800–1700 m (usually 1200–1400 m). Flowering Dec., fruiting March– Dec. Vernacular.— Ko muak (°ÕÀ¡«°à ) (Peninsular).

20. Quercus oxyodon Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 1: 114. 1864; A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 16(2): 98. 1864; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia.: 255. 1940.— Cyclobalanopsis oxyodon (Miq.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 79. 1866; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 391. 1999.— Quercus lineata Blume var. oxyodon (Miq.) Wenz., Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 232. 1886; King ex Hook.f., Brit. India 5: 605. 1888; King, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta): 33, t. 26. 1889.— Q. lineata Blume var. grandifolia Skan, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 517. 1889. Fig. 46. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun; EASTERN: Nakhon Ratchasima; PENINSULAR: Ranong. Distribution.— India (type), Nepal, Bhutan, Myanma, China. Ecology.— Lower montane forest and evergreen forest on ridges, alt. 1800–2000 m. Flowering and fruiting March–Dec. Vernacular.— Ko luem (°Õ‡≈à Õ¡◊Ë ) (Northern).

21. Quercus poilanei Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 384. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 961. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 273. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 169. 1944.— Cyclobalanopsis poilanei (Hickel & A.Camus) Hjelmq., Dansk. Bot. Ark. 23: 503. 1968. Fig. 47. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai. Distribution.— Vietnam (type). Ecology.— Oak-pine forest and dry upper mixed deciduous forest, frequent on ridges of granite bedrock, alt. 600–1400 m (usually 600–900 m). Flowering Feb.–April, fruiting Jan.–Dec. (usually Jan.–March). Vernacular.— Ko si siat (°Õ à ‡ ’ ¬¥’ ) (Northern). Uses.— Bark chewed locally with betel nut.

22. Quercus quangtriensis Hickel & A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 32: 400. 1926; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 949. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 247. 1940.— Q. longistyla Barnett, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 100. 1938; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 75. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 332. 1944.— Q. wangsaiensis Barnett, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew. 1938: 99. 1938; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 68. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 331. 1944. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Tak; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei, A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 149

Figure 46. Quercus oxyodon Miq.: A. twig with leaves and infructescence (Smitinand 90-28); B. male inflorescences (Frh. H. 11133), B-1 male flower; C. female flower (Frh. H. 11133), C-1 female flower. 150 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 47. Quercus poilanei Hickel & A.Camus: A.twig with leaves and infructescence (Smitinand et al. 7579), A-1, A-2, A-3 acorns; B. male inflorescences (Smitinand 4391), B-1 male flower cluster, B-2 male flower. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 151

Nakhon Phanom; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; CENTRAL: Lop Buri; SOUTHEASTERN: Rayong, Chanthaburi; PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat. Distribution.— Vietnam (type). Ecology.— Lower and upper montane forest and evergreen forest, by streams, alt. 800–2500 m (usually 900–1300 m). Flowering Feb.–April, fruiting Feb.–Nov. Vernacular.— Ko nuat maew (°ÕÀπ«¥·¡«à ), ko khwai siak (°Õ§«“¬‡ à ¬°’ ), (Northeastern); ko paen (°Õ·ªà πÑ ) (Peninsular).

23. Quercus ramsbottomii A.Camus, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 83: 343. 1936; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 74. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 33: 332. 1942.— Cyclobalanopsis ramsbottomii (A.Camus) Hjelmq., Dansk. Ark. 23: 502. 1968. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai; NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum, Nakhon Rachasima; CENTRAL: Nakhon Nayok; SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; SOUTHEASTERN: Prachin Buri. Distribution.— Myanma (type). Ecology.— Lower montane forest, oak-pine forest, mixed deciduous forest and savannah forest, often by streams on granite bedrock. Vernacular.— Ko talap (°Õµ≈à ∫— ) (Northern); ko aep (°Õ·Õ∫à ), ko um (°ÕÕà ¡ÿâ ), ko daeng (°Õ·¥ßà ), ko khi mu (°Õ¢à À¡’È )Ÿ (Northeastern); ko talap (°Õµ≈à ∫— ) (Central).

24. Quercus rex Hemsl., Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 27: t. 2663. 1899; Brandis, Indian Trees: 631. 1921, Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 957. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 62. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh. 34: 331. 1944.— Cyclobalanopsis rex (Hemsl.) Schottky, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 47: 651. 1912; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 390. 1999.— Quercus fructiseptata A.Camus, Chênes, Atlas. 1: 22. 1934.— Cyclobalanopsis fructiseptata (A.Camus) Hjelmq., Dansk. Bot. Ark. 23: 503. 1968.— Quercus dussaudii Hickel & A.Camus, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., X, 3: 384. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 953. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 267. 1940. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Tak Distribution.— China (type), Myanma, Laos. Ecology.— Lower montane forest and evergreen forest, alt. 880–1600 m (usually 1200–1600 m). Flowering March–Dec., fruiting July. Vernacular.— Ko plai chak (°Õª≈“¬®à °— ), ko talap (°Õµ≈à ∫— ) (Northern).

25. Quercus saravanensis A.Camus, Chênes, Atlas. 1: 19. 1934; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 389. 1999.— Q. kontumensis A.Camus, Chênes, Atlas 1: 24. 1934.— Cyclobalanopsis kontumensis (A.Camus) Y.C.Hsu & H.Wei Jen., Acta Phytotax. Sin., 34: 339. 1996. Fig. 48. 152 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 48. Quercus saravanensis A. Camus: A. twig with leaves and inflorescences (Smitinand 90-190), A-1 male flower clusters, A-2 different form of leaf (detached); B. infructescence (Smitinand 90-195), B-1 mature acorn. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 153

Thailand.— SOUTHEASTERN: Prachin Buri. Distribution.— China, Laos (type), Vietnam. Ecology.— Dry evergreen forest, alt. 500–800 m. Flowering and fruiting July–Sept. Vernacular.— Ko kliang (°àÕ‡°≈’Ȭß) (Southeastern).

26. Quercus semecarpifolia Sm. in A.Rees, Cycl.: 29: 20. 1819; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 601. 1888; Skan. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 520. 1899; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 41. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 331. 1944; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 375. 1999. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai. Distribution.— Afghanistan, Bhuthan, India, Nepal (type), Pakistan, China. Ecology.— Exposed ridges of lower and upper montane forests, on limestone bedrock, alt. 1950–2200 m. Flowering May, fruiting April–July. Vernacular.— Ko chiangdao (°Õ‡™à ¬ß¥“«’ ).

27. Quercus semiserrata Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 3: 641. 1832; Kurz, Forest Fl. Burm. 2: 488. 1877; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 604. 1888; Paulsen, J. Bot. Tidssk. 24.3: 255. 1902; Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1911: 472. 1911; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo- Chine 5: 948. 1930; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 70. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 332. 1944.— Cyclobalanopsis semiserata (Roxb.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 79. 1866; Hjelm., Dansk Bot. Ark., 23.4: 501. 1968; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 386. 1999. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phrae; NORTHEASTERN: Loei. SOUTHWESTERN: Kanchanaburi; SOUTHEASTERN: Trat; PENINSULAR: Ranong, Phangnga, Trang. Distribution.— India, Myanma (type), China, Malaysia. Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest and lower montane forest, on granite, limestone or sandstone bedrock., on slopes of stream valleys, alt. 250–1800 m (usually 1200–1400 m). Flowering Feb.–Dec. (usually March), fruiting Jan.–Dec. (usually May–June). Vernacular.— Ko mu (°àÕÀ¡),Ÿ (Northern & Northeastern); ko kra dum (°àÕ°√–¥ÿ¡) (Southeastern); ko nua rew (°àÕ‡π◊ÈÕ√‘È«), tao pun nok khao (‡µâ“ªŸππ°‡¢“) (Peninsular).

28. Quercus setulosa Hickel & A.Camus, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 29: 598. 1923; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 43. 1940; Barnett, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 34: 331. 1944; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 380. 1999. Thailand.— NORTHEASTERN: Phetchabun, Loei; EASTERN: Chaiyaphum. Distribution.— Vietnam (type). Ecology.— Evergreen forest, savannah forest and oak forest, frequent on loamy soil by streams, alt. 600–1000 m. Flowering Jan.–May, fruiting Jan.–Nov. (usually May– Sept.). 154 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Vernacular.— Ko ta chi (°àÕµ“®)’ (Northeastern).

29. Quercus vestita Rehder & E.H.Wilson in C.S.Sargent, Pl. Wilson, 3: 236. 1916; (except cited specimens); Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 60. 1940.— Q. velutina Lindl. ex Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 41, t. 150. 1831 (non Wall. Cat. 2768); Kurz, Forest Fl. Burm. 2: 487. 1877; King ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 5: 606. 1888; Koidz., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 30: 202. 1916; Brandis, Indian Trees: 628. 1921; Hickel & A.Camus in H.Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 5: 953. 1930.— Cyclobalanopsis velutina (Lindl.) Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1866: 79. 1866. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Tak; NORTHEASTERN: Loei. Distribution.— India, Myanma (type), Laos. Ecology.— Lowland evergreen forest and lower montane forest, in open galleries, on sandstone and granite bedrock, alt. 500–1750 m (usually 900–1300 m). Flowering Feb.– Dec. (usually Nov.–Dec.), fruiting Feb.–Aug. Vernacular.— Ko aep (°Õ·Õ∫à ), ko muak (°ÕÀ¡«°à ) (Northern).

4. TRIGONOBALANUS

Forman, Taxon 11: 140. 1962; Forman, Kew Bull. 17: 387. 1964; Forman, Kew Bull. 21: 331. 1967; Soepadmo, Fl. Males. 7(2): 398. 1972; Soepadmo, Julia & Go in E.Soepadmo & L.G. Saw, Tree Fl. Sabah & Sarawak 3: 115. 2000.— Formanodendron Nixon & Crepet, Amer. J. Bot. 46: 840. 1989. Evergreen tree. Branchlets initially densely fulvous adpressed-pubescent. Terminal buds ovoid, scales imbricate. Stipules extra- or interpetiolar, caducous. Leaves spirally arranged, entire. Inflorescences separate male and female or female below and male on the upper part of the same suberect spiklets, occasionally mixed. Male inflorescences simple or branched in the axil or upper leaf-scars or subterminal. Female androgynous or mixed inflorescences a simple, erect catkin, axillary. Male flowers usually in clusters of three or more, with one or more bracts; perianth campanulate, 6-lobed, free or minutely connate near base. Stamens 6, anthers glabrous, basifixed, a cluster of minute erect hairs present instead of rudimentary ovary. Female flowers in clusters of 3 or more, bracts as male; perianth campanulate, with 6 imbricate lobes, the lower parts adnate to the ovary. Staminodes 6. Style 3 recurved or connate near base, stigma capitate. Cupule set in an irregularly saucer- shaped support, normally with 1–3 nuts. Fruits strongly longitudinally trigonous; scar present, visible. A genus of 3 species, scattered in South and Southeast Asia and South America. Among these one species indigenous to Thailand.

Trigonobalanus doichangensis (A.Camus) Forman, Kew Bull. 17: 387. 1964.— Quercus doichangensis A.Camus, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 80: 355. 1933; Barnett, Quer. Rel. Fag. Asia: 77. 1940.— Formanodendron doichangensis (A.Camus) Nixon & Crepet, Crepet, Amer. J. A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 155

Bot. 76: 840. 1989; C.C.Huang, Y.T.Chang & B.M.Bartol. in C.Y.Wu & P.H.Raven, Fl. China 4: 370. 1999. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son. Distribution.— China (Yunnan). Ecology.— Rare along ridges in lower montane forest, alt. 900–1600 m. Flowering and fruiting Dec.–Feb. Vernacular.— Ko doichang (°àÕ¥Õ¬™â“ß), ko samliam (°àÕ “¡‡À≈’ˬ¡) (Northern). Note.— This species is rare and endangered. Both seed dispersal and seedling establishment are rare events; the acorns are readily damaged by fungi and insects. 156 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

J. FAGACEAE GENERA & SPECIES NUMBERS

1. CASTANOPSIS (D. Don) Spach. 1.1 C. acuminatissima (Blume) A. DC. 1.17 C. indica (Roxb.) A. DC. 1.2 C. argentea (Blume) A. DC. 1.18 C. inermis (Lindl. ex Wall.) Benth. & Hook.f. 1.3 C. argyrophylla King ex Hook.f. 1.19 C. lanceifolia (Roxb.) Hickel & A. Camus 1.4 C. armata (Roxb.) Spach. 1.20 C. malaccensis Gamble 1.5 C. brevispinula Hickel. & A. Camus 1.21 C. megacarpa Gamble 1.6 C. calathiformis (Skan) Rehdr & Wilson 1.22 C. nephelioides King ex Hook.f. 1.7 C. cerebrina (Hickel & A. Camus) Barnett 1.23 C. pierrei Hance 1.8 C. costata (Blume) A. DC. 1.24 C. piriformis Hickel & A. Camus 1.9 C. crassifolia Hickel & A. Camus 1.25 C. pseudohystrix Phengklai 1.10 C. diversifolia (Kurz) King & Hook.f. 1.26 C. purpurea Barnett 1.11 C. echidnocarpa (Hook. & Thom. ex A.DC.)1.27 C. rhamnifolia (Miq.) A. DC. A.DC. 1.28 C. rockii A. Camus 1.12 C. ferox (Roxb.) Spach 1.29 C. schefferiana Hance 1.13 C. fissa (Champ.) Rehder & Wilson 1.30 C. siamensis Duanmu 1.14 C. fordii Hance 1.31 C. thaiensis Phengklai 1.15 C. javanica (Blume) A. DC. 1.32 C. tribuloides (Smith) A. DC. 1.16 C. hystrix (Hook.f. & Thom. ex Miq.) A. DC. 1.33 C. wallichii King & Hook.f.

2. LITHOCARPUS Blume 2.1 L. aggregatus Barnett 2.28 L. loratefolius Phengklai 2.2 L. auriculatus (Hickel & A. Camus) Barnett 2.29 L. lucidus (Roxb.) Rehder 2.3 L. bancanus (Scheff.) Rehder 2.30 L. macphailii (M.R. Hend.) Barnett 2.4 L. bennettii (Miq.) Rehder 2.31 L. magneinii (Hickel & A. Camus) A. Camus 2.5 L. blumeanus (Korth.) Rehder 2.32 L. magnificus (Brandis) A. Camus 2.6 L. cantleyanus (King ex Hook.f.) Rehder 2.33 L. maingayi (Benth.) Rehder 2.7 L. ceriferus (Hickel & A. Camus) A. Camus 2.34 L. mekongensis (A. Camus) Huang & Y.T. Zhang 2.8 L. clementianus (King ex Hook.f.) A. Camus 2.35 L. neorobinsonii (Ridl.) A. Camus 2.9 L. craibianus Barnett 2.36 L. pattaniensis Barnett 2.10 L. curtisii (King ex Hook.f.) A. Camus 2.37 L. pierrei (Hickel & A. Camus) A. Camus 2.11 L. cyclophorus (Endl.) A. Camus 2.38 L. platycarpus (Blume) Rehder 2.12 L. dealbatus (Hook.f. & Thom.) Rehder 2.39 L. polystachyus (Wall. ex A. DC. ) Rehder 2.13 L. echinophorus (Hickel & A. Camus) 2.40 L. rassa (Miq.) Rehder A. Camus 2.41 L. recurvatus Barnett 2.14 L. echinops Hjelmq. 2.42 L. reinwardtii (Korth.) A. Camus 2.15 L. eichleri (Wenzing) A. Camus 2.43 L. revolutus Hatus. ex Soepadmo 2.16 L. elegans (Blume) Hatus. ex Soepadmo 2.44 L. rufescens Barnett 2.17 L. elephantum (Hance) A. Camus 2.45 L. scortechinii (King ex Hook.f.) A. Camus 2.18 L. encleisacarpus (Korth.) A. Camus 2.46 L. siamensis A. Camus 2.19 L. erythrocarpus (Ridl.) A. Camus 2.47 L. sootepensis (Craib) A. Camus 2.20 L. eucalyptifolius (Hickel & A. Camus) 2.48 L. sundaicus (Blume) Rehder A. Camus 2.49 L. thomsonii (Miq.) Rehder 2.21 L. falconeri (Kurz) Rehder 2.50 L. trachycarpus (Hickel & A. Camus) A. Camus 2.22 L. fenestratus (Roxb.) Rehder 2.51 L. truncatus (King ex Hook.f.) Rehder & Wilson 2.23 L. garrettianus (Craib) A. Camus 2.52 L. tubulosus (Hickel & A. Camus) A.Camus 2.24 L. gracilis (Korth) Soepadmo 2.53 L. vestitus (Hickel & A. Camus) A. Camus 2.25 L. harmandianus (Hickel & A. Camus) 2.54 L. wallichianus (Lindl. ex Hance) Rehder A. Camus 2.55 L. wrayi (King) A. Camus A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 157

2.26 L. hendersonianus A. Camus 2.56 L. xylocarpus (Kurz) Markgr. 2.27 L. lindleyanus (Wall. ex A. DC.) A. Camus 3. QUERCUS L. 3.1 Q. acutissimus Carruth. 3.16.1 Q. mespilifolius Wall. ex A. DC var. 3.2.1 Q. aliena Blume subsp. aliena mespilifolius 3.2.2 Q. aliena Blume subsp. griffithii 3.16.2 Q. mespilifolius Wall.ex A. DC.var. pubescens 3.3 Q. augustinii Skan Barnett ex Smitinand & Phengklai 3.4 Q. auricoma A. Camus 3.17 Q. myrsinaefolius Blume 3.5 Q. austro-cochinchinensis Hickel & 3.18 Q. sessilifolia Blume A. Camus 3.19 Q. oidocarpus Korth. 3.6 Q. brandisianus Kurz 3.20 Q. oxyodon Miq. 3.7 Q. fleuryi Hickel & A. Camus 3.21 Q. poilanei (Hickel & A. Camus) Hjelmq. 3.8 Q. franchetii Skan 3.22 Q. quangtriensis Hickel & A. Camus 3.9 Q. helferianus A. DC. 3.23 Q. ramsbottomii A. Camus 3.10 Q. kerrii Craib 3.24 Q. rex (Hemsl.) Schottky 3.11 Q. kingianus Craib 3.25 Q. saravanensis A. Camus 3.12 Q. lamellosa Sm. 3.26 Q. semecarpifolia Sm. 3.13 Q. lanata Sm. 3.27 Q. semiserratus Roxb. 3.14 Q. lenticellatus Barnett 3.28 Q. setulosus Hickel & A. Camus 3.15 Q. lineatus Blume 3.29 Q. vestitus Rehder & Wilson

4. TRIGONOBALANUS Forman 4.1 T. doichangensis (A. Camus) Forman 158 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

INDEX TO COLLECTOR’S NUMBERS Abbe L.B. et al. 9159 : 1.33 (BKF); 9170 : 2.38 (BKF); 9182 : 2.16 (BKF); 9213 : 2.48 (BKF); 9217: 2.21 (BKF); 9243 : 2.47 (BKF); 9244 : 2.12 (BKF); 9245 : 2.39 (BKF, C); 9250 : 2.39 (BKF); 9251 : 2.39 (BKF); 9254 : 2.23 (BKF, C); 9258 : 2.27 (BKF); 9259 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 9260 : 2.51 (BKF); 9280 : 3.9 (BKF); 9284 : 2.53 (BKF, C); 9287 : 1.32 (BKF); 9292 : 2.2 (BKF); 9293 : 2.1 (BKF); 9300 : 3.6 (BKF); 9309 : 2.12 (BKF, C); 9319 : 3.9 (BKF, C); 9320 : 3.8 (BKF); 9321 : 2.25 (BKF, C); 9323 : 2.9 (BKF); 9329 : 2.49 (BKF); 9330 : 3.6 (BKF, C); 9331 : 2.51 (BKF); 9332 : 1.17 (BKF); 9337 : 3.16.1 (BKF, K); 9339 : 1.22 (BKF); 9341 : 2.49 (BKF); 9342 : 1.23 (BKF); 9344 : 1.23 (BKF); 9353 : 2.25 (BKF); 9354 : 2.25 (BKF); 9355 : 2.25 (BKF); 9357 : 2.29 (BKF); 9358 : 1.23 (BKF); 9362 : 2.41 (BKF); 9363 : 2.41 (BKF); 9368 : 2.6 (BKF); 9380: 2.39 (BKF); 9382 : 1.32 (BKF); 9383 : 1.9 (BKF); 9387 : 2.49 (BKF); 9392 : 1.11 (BKF); 9393: 2.39 (BKF); 9395 : 2.12 (BKF); 9397 : 2.12 (BKF); 9404 : 2.22 (BKF); 9405 : 2.51 (BKF); 9410: 1.4 (BKF); 9414 : 3.1 (BKF); 9419 : 3.2.1 (BKF); 9423 : 3.23 (BKF); 9449 : 2.12 (BKF); 9451 : 1.1(BKF); 9668 : 1.26 (BKF); 9669 : 2.16 (BKF); 9672 : 1.1 (BKF); 9673 : 1.22 (BKF); 9674 : 1.33 (BKF); 9685 : 2.16 (BKF); 9686 : 2.48 (BKF); 9688 : 2.16 (BKF); 9689 : 1.33 (BKF); 9691 : 2.21 (BKF); 9692 : 1.18 (BKF); 9693 : 2.55 (BKF); 9694 : 2.38 (BKF); 9695 : 1.18 (BKF); 9696 : 2.55 (BKF); 9701 : 1.26 (BKF) Amphorn 5 : 1.32 (BKF); 38 : 3.2.1 (BKF) Anderson E.F. 5156 : 1.1 (BKF); 5199 : 2.23 (BKF); 5324 : 2.16 (BKF). Aow-u-dom Th. sn. : 2.29 (BKF). Baenziger H. 1248 : 3.24 (C). Beusekom C.F. et al. 235 : 2.41 (BKF, C. K. L) ; 278 : 2.12 (BKF, K); 318 : 1.1 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L); 334 : 1.1 (BKF, L); 351 : 3.23 (C, K, L) ; 378 : 2.12 (AAU, BKF, L); 419 : 2.16 (AAU, BKF, K, L); 594 : 2.48 (AAU, C, K, L); 916 : 2.48 (AAU, BKF, C. K. L) ; 992 : 2.40 (AAU, BKF, K, L); 1085 : 3.16.1 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L); 1099 : 2.47 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L); 1166 : 3.34 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L); 1167 : 3.2.1 (BKF, L) ; 1198 : 3.16.1 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L); 1251 : 1.12 (AAU, K, L); 1253 : 2.47 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L); 1264 : 2.9 (AAU, C, K, L); 1343 : 3.26 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L); 2334 : 2.22 (AAU, C, L); 2346 : 1.12 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 2500 : 2.34 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 2608: 1.1 (BKF, L); 2967 : 1.32 (AAU, BKF, C,L) ; 2999 : 2.9 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 3026 : 3.9 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 3076 : 1.1 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 3092 : 3.4 (AAU, C, L); 3093 : 2.9 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 3108 : 2.41 (AAU, BKF, L); 3198 : 2.42 (AAU, C, L); 3669 : 1.9 (BKF, C, K, L); 3677 : 2.12 (BKF, C, K, L); 4298 : 2.9 (BKF, C, K, L); 4300 : 2.23 (BKF, C, K, L); 4348 : 3.4 (BKF, K, L); 4349 : 3.4 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 4393 : 3.28 (BKF, C, K, L); 4506 : 3.2.2 (BKF, C, K, L); 4539: 2.12 (BKF, L); 4593 : 2.39 (C, K, L); 4802 : 1.1 (BKF, C, K, L); 4810 : 3.11 (BKF, C, K, L); 4822: 4.1 (AAU, K, L); 4824 : 2.39 (BKF, C, L). BGO (QBG) 5028 : 2.27 (QBG); 5478 : 2.27 (QBG). Bhudhipap A. 746 : 3.22 (MAU). Bing-ting-ngon D. 36 : 3.7 (BKF). Bjørnland et al. 428 : 2.39 (BKF); 682 : 2.9 (BKF, C). Boonkongchart A. 182 : 3.22 (MAU). Boonkrong P. 14 : 2.8 (BKF). Boonnak 543 : 2.16 (BK). Boonyarattabhan A. 104 : 1.26 (BKF); 116 : 1.17 (BKF); 118 : 1.3 (BKF). Brockelman W.Y. 68 : 1.1 (MAU); 86 : 1.1 (MAU); 112 : 1.1 (MAU). Bunchu 755 : 2.16 (BK). Bunchuai K. 21 : 1.17 (BKF); 24 : 1.17 (BKF); 43 : 2.12 (BKF); 45 : 2.39 (BKF); 58 : 1.10 (BKF); 63 : 2.16 (BKF); 73 : 2.25 (BKF); 77 : 3.11 (BKF); 102 : 1.32 (BKF); 102A : 1.5 (BKF, C); 108 : 1.26 (BKF); 109 : 1.32 (BKF); 112 : 2.47 (BKF); 112A : 3.11 (BKF); 114 : 1.4 (BKF); 116 : 1.11 (BKF); 134 : 2.51 (BKF); 142 : 2.51 (BKF); 149 : 1.26 (BKF); 150 : 3.10 (BKF, C, K); 152 : 2.39 A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 159

(BKF); 153 : 2.47 (BKF); 160 : 1.17 (BKF); 161 : 2.52 (BKF); 168 : 2.23 (BKF); 169 : 2.7 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 178 : 2.51 (BKF); 179 : 2.51 (BKF); 180 : 3.11 (BKF); 193 : 2.51 (BKF); 208 : 3.9 (BKF); 213 : 3.11 (BKF); 214 : 3.11 (BKF); 230 : 2.27 (BKF); 265 : 3.11 (BKF); 266 : 2.39 (BKF); 276 : 2.50 (BKF); 280 : 1.1 (BKF); 287 : 2.39 (BKF); 291 : 2.49 (BKF); 605 : 1.8 (BKF); 607 : 1.4 (BKF); 629 : 1.10 (BKF, C); 631 : 2.9 (BKF, K); 633 : 2.39 (BKF, C); 634 : 2.47 (BKF); 645 : 3.10 (BKF); 646 : 2.1 (BKF); 647 : 2.47 (BKF, K); 648 : 1.32 (BKF, C, K); 656 : 2.27 (BKF); 657 : 3.11 (BKF); 658 : 3.10 (BKF, K); 622 : 1.12 (BKF); 666 : 1.1 (BKF); 672 : 2.47 (BKF); 674 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 675 : 2.39 (BKF); 678 : 2.39 (BKF); 680 : 2.39 (BKF); 682 : 2.47 (BKF); 684 : 2.23 (BKF); 685 : 2.23 (BKF); 689 : 1.11 (BKF); 691 : 2.39 (BKF); 965 : 2.12 (BKF); 1244 : 2.7 (BKF, C, K); 1339 : 2.49 (BKF, C, K); 1348 : 2.22 (BKF, C, K); 1349 : 3.9 (BKF, C, K); 1350 : 2.47 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 1378 : 1.2 (BKF, C, K); 1385 : 1.17 (BKF, C, K); 1387 : 2.47 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 1389 : 1.26 (BKF, C); 1405 : 1.32 (BKF, C, K); 1441: 2.12 (BKF, K); 1442 : 2.16 (BKF, C, K); 1443 : 3.9 (AAU, BKF, C); 1449 : 1.3 (BKF, C, K); 1453 : 1.3 (BKF, C, K); 1462 : 2.47 (BKF, C); 1464 : 3.9 (BKF, C, K); 1466 : 3.9 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 1473 : 3.4 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 1507 : 2.41 (BKF, C, K); 1548 : 2.25 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 1550 : 2.7 (BKF, K); 1551 : 2.7 (BKF, C, K); 1552 : 2.25 (BKF, C, K); 1650 : 2.25 (BKF, C, K); 1667 : 2.25 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 1746 : 2.55 (BKF, K); 1749 : 2.39 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 1750 : 2.55 (BKF, C, K); 1751 : 2.55 (BKF, K); 1881 : 2.7 (BKF). Bunnab Ch. 82 : 1.18 (BKF); 118 : 2.52 (BKF); 192 : 1.33(BKF); 295 : 1.4 (BKF); 297 : 2.21 (BKF); .345 : 1.22 (BKF); 346 : 2.55 (BKF); 373 : 2.52 (BKF); 464 : 1.18 (BKF). Bunpheng D. 54 : 1.32; 92 : 251 (BKF); 302 : 2.51 (BKF); 310 : 3.22 (BKF); 312 : 3.22 (BKF); 373 : 2.16 (BKF, K); 391 : 3.23 (BKF); 400 : 3.1 (BKF); 410 : 3.1 (BKF, K); 442 : 3.1 (BKF); 551 : 3.2.2 (BKF); 596 : 1.1 (BKF); 630 : 2.23 (BKF); 632 : 1.32 (BKF); 641 : 3.23 (BKF); 667 : 3.2.2 (BKF); 695 : 2.16 (BKF, BK); 703 : 2.16 (BKF); 802 : 3.23 (BKF); 827 : 1.11 (BKF); 870 : 2.16 (BKF); 885 : 2.51 (BKF); 887 : 2.23 (BKF); 888 : 1.17 (BKF); 889 : 2.12 (BKF). Bunyaratthabhan A. 62 : 2.25 (BKF); 114 : 2.39 (BKF). Charoenchai P. 5 : 3.24 (MAU); 339 : 1.1 (MAU). Chaemchumroon V. 98-41 : 2.21 (BKF). Chaemchusri B. s.n. 1.13 (BKF). Chan-sa-nguan P. sn. : 3.16.1 (BKF); sn. : 1.32 (BKF); sn. : 2.16 (BKF). Chantaranothai P. et al. 90-166 : 3.4 (K); 90-224 : 3.6 (K); 991 : 2.16 (BKF, K); 1307 : 2.21 (K); 1402 : 1.15 (K). Chanthanamuk A. 699 : 1.26 (BK); 709 : 1.5 (BK); 743 : 3.16.1 (BK); 744 : 2.25 (BK). Charoenphol Ch. 34 : 1.3 (BKF); 74 : 3.9 (BKF); 90 : 2.25 (BKF. C, K); 442 : 1.1 (BKF, C); 445 : 3.15 (BKF, C, K); 485 : 2.34 (BKF); 493 : 3.27 (BKF); 4381 : 2.49 (AAU, BKF, K); 4799 : 3.4 (AAU, BKF). Chayamarit K. et al. 698 : 1.10 (BKF); 748 : 2.16 (BKF); 927 : 2.51 (BKF); 992 : 3.10 (BKF); 1001 : 3.10 (BKF); 1366 : 3.23 (BKF); 1472 : 3.3 (BKF); 1583 : 3.10 (BKF); 1640 : 1.3 (BKF); 1641 : 1.2 (BKF); 1643 : 1.3 (BKF); 1660 : 1.32 (BKF); 1662 : 2.16 (BKF); 1914 : 2.39 (BKF); 2971 : 2.7 (BKF); 2985 : 2.12 (BKF). Chermsirivathana C. 499 : 3.16.1 (BK); 519 : 2.47 (BK); 841 : 2.9 (BK); 1104A : 2.9 (BK); 1409 : 1.23 (BK); 1824 : 2.16 (BK); sn. (18-11-1968) : 2.16 (BK). Chingsoognoern P. sn. : 1.1 (BKF). Chintana N. 22 : 2.21 (BKF). Chitpong P. 218 : 2.25 (BK); 297 : 2.20 (BK); 457 : 2.16 (BK); 655 : 1.11 (BK); 758 : 1.9 (BK); 759 : 2.23 (BK). Chob 24 : 1.10 (BKF). Chom 21 : 2.53 (BKF). Chongko S. 346 : 2.16 (MAU). 160 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Chu-ha-rue-tai I. 3 : 3.21 (BKF). Collin D.J. 805 : 2.25 (BK, K); 1076 : 2.25 (AAU, BKF, K); 1110 : 2.25 (BK); 1202 : 1.1 (K); 1209 : 1.32 (BK, K); 1238 : 2.39 (K); 1960 : 2.25 (C, K); 2401 : 1.33 (K); 2453 : 1.33 (K). Congdon G. 540 : 2.16 (PSU); 751 : 1.20 (AAU, PSU). Curtis 1677 : 2.21 (K). Decha-gai-saya T. 7 : 2.21 (BKF). Duang-jai S. et al. 10 : 2.6 (BKF); 11 : 1.33 (BKF); sn. (-2-2002) : 1.8 (BKF); sn. (-2-2002) : 1.8 (BKF). Eiadthong W. 3 : 1.12 (BKF); 4 : 1.10 (BKF); 5 : 2.38 (BKF); 6 : 2.47 (BKF); 6A : 2.47 (BKF); 6B : 2.47 (BKF); 6C : 2.47 (BKF); 8 : 2.23 (BKF); 10 : 1.32 (BKF); 12 : 1.4 (BKF); sn. (BKF 97215) : 1.25 (BKF). Floto F. 4766 : 2.22 (BKF); 7372 : 2.51 (BKF); 7466 : 2.22 (BKF); 7468 : 1.32 (BKF). Fukuoka N. et al. T-35004 : 2.20 (BKF); T-35047 : 2.53 (BKF); T-35179 : 1.1 (BKF); T-35180 : 3.6 (BKF); T-35188 : 3.15 (BKF); T-35189 : 3.6 (BKF); T-35190 : 1.22 (BKF); T-35205 : 2.1 (BKF); T-35412 : 2.16 (BKF); T-35413 : 2.16 (BKF); T-35550 : 1.9 (BKF); T-36221 : 2.51 (BKF); T-4445 : 2.53 (BKF); T-62009 : 3.10 (BKF); T-62010 : 2.7 (BKF); T-62066 : 1.9 (BKF); T-62066A : 2.34 (BKF); T-62068 : 1.1 (BKF); T-62121 : 1.6 (BKF); T-62123 : 3.6 (BKF); T- 62135 : 1.9 (BKF); T-62279 : 2.1 (BKF); T-62309 : 2.22 (BKF); T-62314 : 1.10 (BKF); T- 62321 : 1.32 (BKF); T-62391 : 2.32 (BKF); T-62482 : 3.16.1 (BKF); T-62516 : 3.16.1 (BKF); T-63798 : 2.51 (BKF); T-63802 : 2.16 (BKF); T-63820 : 1.1 (BKF). Garrett H. B.G. 46 : 2.47 (AAU, BKF, K); 98 : 2.23 (K); 550 : 3.7 (BKF); 588 : 3.24 (BKF); 685 : 1.10 (BKF, C, K); 686 : 2.2 (BKF, C, K); 719 : 1.6 (C, K); 767 : 1.1 (BKF, K); 758 : 2.9 (BKF, C, K); 850 : 3.4 (AAU, BKF, K); 854 : 1.12 (BKF, K); 913 : 1.12 (BKF, C, K); 1116 : 3.27 (K); 1175 : 3.9 (K). Geesink R. et al. 4882 : 2.21 (BKF, C, L); 4924 : 2.21 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L); 4996 : 1.33 (AAU, L); 5008 : 2.42 (AAU, BKF, K, L); 5015 : 1.27 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 5298 : 2.21 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L); 5497 : 2.48 (AAU, L); 5497A : 1.3 ( BKF, C, K, L); 5623 : 1.22 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 5660 : 2.16 (K, L); 5795 : 1.25 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 5802 : 2.47 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L); 5802 : 1.2 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 6066 : 3.16.1 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 6172 : 3.16.1 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 6207 : 1.12 (AAU, C, L); 6302 : 2.48 (BKF, C, L); 6486 : 2.7 (AAU, BKF, K, L); 6553 : 2.48 (AAU, BKF, K, L); 6970 : 1.19 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L); 7022 : 2.12 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L); 7120 : 2.12 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L); 7156 : 3.4 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 7159 : 3.28 (AAU, BKF, C, L); 7249 : 1.18 (AAU, C, L); 7271 : 2.55 (AAU, BKF, L); 7414 : 2.21 (AAU, BKF, K, L); 7569 : 2.8 (AAU, BKF, C, K, L); 7670 : 2.45 (BKF, C, L); 8272 : 3.27 (BKF, L). Gongdon G. 525 : 2.21 (PSU). Gram K. et al. 49 : 3.9 (C); 82 : 2.39 (C); 122 : 3.6 (C); 135 : 3.10(C). Greijmans M. 44 : 2.12 (BKF); 48 : 2.16 (BKF); 49 : 1.24 (BKF); 95 : 2.7 (BKF); 96 : 1.26 (BKF); 97 : 1.26 (BKF); 98 : 2.25 (BKF); 101 : 2.39 (BKF); 102 : 2.1 (BKF); 108 : 1.24 (BKF); 116 : 2.16 (BKF). Hambhanon C. 152 : 2.16 (BKF); sn. : 2.16 (BKF). Hamilton C. et al. 217 : 2.16 (PSU). Haniff M. 362 : 1.2 (K); 2053 : 2.23 (K); 2705 : 1.3 (K); 4299 : 2.21 (K); sn. : 1.27 (BM). Hansen B. et al. 10863 : 2.2 (C); 10864 : 2.1 (BKF, C); 10867 : 2.1 (BKF, C); 10868 : 2.41 (BKF, C); 10890 : 2.53 (BKF, C); 10891 : 2.14 (C); 10907 : 3.14 (BKF, C); 10917 : 2.1 (BKF, C); 10922 : 2.1 (C); 10923 : 3.24 (BKF, C); 10944 : 2.16 (BKF, C); 10953 : 3.2.1 (BKF, C, K); 10999 : 3.6 (BKF, K); 11053 : 3.11 (BKF, C); 11177 : 3.17 (C, K); 11188 : 2.49 (BKF, C); 11206 : 3.10 (C); 11207 : 3.4 (C); 11220 : 1.1 (BKF, C); 11250 : 2.50 (BKF, C); 11273 : 2.23 (BKF, C); 11306 : 2.25 (BKF, C, K); 11315 : 3.27 (C); 11900 : 3.27 (BKF); 11958 : 2.41 (BKF, C); 12132 : 2.46 (BKF, C, K); 12410 : 2.21 (BKF, C, K); 12614 : 3.15 (AAU, BKF, C); 12615 : 3.15 (AAU, BKF, A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 161

C, K); 12617 : 3.9 (K); 12638 : 2.22 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 12641 : 3.9 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 12667 : 2.14 (C); 12691 : 2.16 (AAU, C, K); 12764 : 2.14 (BKF, C); 12774 : 1.4 (AAU, BKF, C); 12793 : 3.3 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 12801 : 2.1 (BKF, C, K); 12828 : 3.15 (BKF, C); 12852 : 1.10 (AAU, BKF, C); 12853 : 1.1 (BKF, C, K); 12867 : 1.4 (AAU, BKF, C); 12876 : 2.16 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 12879 : 1.4 (BKF, C, K); 12888 : 2.14 (BKF, C); 12889 : 1.2 (BKF); 12890 : 3.24 (BKF, C); 12931 : 1.12 (BKF, C); 12968 : 2.49 (BKF, C); 12997 : 3.24 (BKF, C); 12999 : 3.22 (AAU, BKF, C, K). Hanuphakdi C. 100 : 2.29 (BKF); 255 : 2.42 (BKF); 344 : 2.18 (BKF); 344A : 2.18 (BKF). Hardial 594 : 2.20 (K). Hennipman E. 3287 : 3.13 (BKF, K, L). Hosseus C.C. 300 : 3.11 (BM, C, K); 307 : 1.1 (BM, K); 391a : 3.23 (C); 420 : 1.17 (K); 438 : 3.14 (BM, K); 446 : 2.39 (K); 500 : 1.10 (BM, C, K); 625 : 2.27 (C, K). Iwatsuki K. et al. T-9357 : 2.27 (BKF, KYO); T-9358 : 1.10 (BKF, KYO); T-9452 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-9678 : 2.22 (BKF, KYO). Jackson J. K. 6049 : 2.27 (BKF); 6068 : 1.32 (BKF); 6094 : 2.27 (BKF); 6129 : 3.11 (BKF); 6187 : 1.3 (BKF); 6190 : 3.16.1 (BKF). Jong-a-nurak T. 732 : 2.48 (BKF); 733 : 2.55 (BKF); 735 : 2.48 (BKF); 735A : 2.30 (BKF); 736 : 2.53 (BKF); 737 : 2.18 (BKF); 738 : 1.8 (BKF); 739 : 1.33 (BKF); 742 : 2.54 (BKF); 743 : 2.46 (BKF); 744 : 2.46 (BKF); 746 : 2.45 (BKF); 747 : 2.46 (BKF); 748 : 2.48 (BKF); 749 : 2.46 (BKF); 750 : 2.42 (BKF); 752 : 2.42 (BKF); 752A : 2.42 (BKF); 752B : 2.42 (BKF); 753 : 2.42 (BKF); 755 : 2.42 (BKF); 757 : 2.42 (BKF); 759 : 2.48 (BKF); 760 : 2.3 (BKF); 761 : 2.42 (BKF); 765 : 2.42 (BKF); 770 : 2.54 (BKF); 772 : 2.48 (BKF); 773 : 2.54 (BKF); 774 : 2.18 (BKF); 774A : 2.9 (BKF); 776 : 2.55 (BKF); 777 : 2.55 (BKF); 778 : 1.11 (BKF); 779 : 1.22 (BKF); 780 : 1.22 (BKF); 781 : 3.15 (BKF); 782 : 1.23 (BKF); 783 : 2.48 (BKF); 784 : 1.18 (BKF); 786 : 2.48 (BKF); 787 : 2.6 (BKF); 788 : 2.55 (BKF); 789 : 1.15 (BKF); 790 : 2.21 (BKF); 791 : 2.21 (BKF); 792 : 1.33 (BKF); 793 : 1.33 (BKF); 794 : 1.33 (BKF); 795 : 1.33 (BKF); 796 : 1.33 (BKF); Juengwirote P. sn. : 2.39 (BKF). Kerr A.F.G. 550 : 3.10 (BM); 550A : 3.10 (BM); 708 : 2.39 (BM, K); 780 : 2.47 (BM, K); 796 : 2.39 (K); 817 : 1.1 (BM, C, K); 956 : 3.11 (BM, K); 1086 : 2.16 (K); 1086A : 2.16 (K); 1110 : 2.25 (K); 1113 : 3.27 (K); 1163 : 2.27 (BM, C, K); 1185 : 2.23 (BM, K); 1185A : 2.23 (BM, K); 1191 : 2.51 (K); 1261 : 2.49 (K); 1283 : 1.10 (K); 1284 : 3.11 (BM, K); 1285A : 2.51 (K); 1303 : 1.3 (BM, K); 1312 : 2.47 (BM, C, K); 1320 : 2.9 (BM, K); 1520 : 1.17 (BM, K); 1644 : 3.27 (AAU, K); 1769 : 1.10 (BM, K); 1936 : 1.10 (K); 1965 : 2.27 (K); 2528 : 1.13 (BM, K); 2656 : 3.9 (BM, K); 2656A : 3.9 (K); 2679 : 3.11 (BM, K); 2702 : 1.3 (BM, K); 2880 : 3.8 (BM, K); 3099 : 2.49 (BM, C, K); 3364 : 2.1 (BM); 3439 : 2.16 (BM, K); 3474 : 4.1 (BK); 4422 : 2.16 (BM); 4496 : 1.17 (BK); 4508 : 3.6 (BK); 4560 : 3.6 (BK); 4683 : 2.16 (BK, BM, C); 4683A : 1.3 (K); 4713 : 3.11 (BK, BM, K); 4758 : 1.10 (BK, BM, K); 4890 : 2.2 (C, K); 4896 : 1.17 (BM, C, K); 4927 : 1.3 (BK, BM, K); 4933 : 2.9 (BK, BM, C, K); 4966 : 2.49 (BK, BM, C, K); 5152 : 1.10 (BK, BM, C, K); 5170 : 2.50 (BK, K); 5170A : 2.50 (BK, K); 5172 : 3.6 (BK, BM, C, K); 5172A : 3.6 (BK); 5204 : 1.1 (BK); 5206 : 1.1 (BM, C, K); 5207 : 1.6 (BK, BM, C, K); 5213 : 1.17 (BK, BM, C, K); 5216 : 3.2.1 (BK, BM, K); 5217 : 1.1 (BK, BM, C, K); 5274 : 3.7 (BK); 5276 : 3.4 (C, K); 5295 : 3.3 (BK, BM, K); 5301 : 2.1 (BM); 5303 : 2.1 (K); 5306 : 3.14 (BM, C, K); 5340 : 2.41 (BK, BM, K); 5350 : 2.27 (BK, K); 5368 : 3.9 (BK, BM, K); 5382 : 3.15 (BK, C, K); 5383 : 3.15 (BM); 5384 : 3.9 (BK, BM, K); 5391 : 1.6 (BK, BM, K); 5417 : 1.26 (BM); 5424 : 2.1 (BK, BM, K); 5469 : 3.6 (BK, BM, K); 5554 : 3.8 (BK, K); 5594 : 3.13 (BM, K); 5595 : 3.26 (BK, BM, C, K); 5758 : 2.2 (BK, C, K); 5807 : 2.16 (BK, BM, C, K); 5829 : 2.25 (BK, C, K); 5834 : 2.55 (BK, C, K); 5928 : 2.16 (BK); 5928A : 2.16 (BK, C, K); 6071 : 2.18 (BK, BM, K); 6107 : 3.16.2 (BK, BM, K); 6211 : 1.2 (BK, BM, C, K); 6220 : 3.2.1 (BK, BM, K); 6223 : 2.16 (BK, BM, K); 6262 : 1.4 (BK, BM, C); 6282 : 3.27 (BK, K); 6304 : 1.1 (BM, K); 6306 : 2.9 (BK); 6322 : 1.6 (BK, BM, K); 6353 : 2.22 (BK, C, K); 6430 : 1.9 (BK, BM, K); 6431 : 2.49 (BK); 6481 : 1.17 (BK, BM, C, K); 6483 : 2.16 (BK, BM, K); 6487 : 2.12 (BK, K); 6508 : 3.6 (BM, C, K); 6622 : 2.16 (BK, K); 6644 : 3.13 (BK, BM, K); 6648 : 1.4 (BK, BM); 6661 : 1.11 (BK, BM, C); 6932 : 2.42 162 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

(BK, BM, C, K); 7218 : 2.44 (BK, K); 7229 : 2.21 (BK, K); 7229A : 2.21 (BK, K); 7311 : 2.16 (BK, K); 7435 : 2.10 (BK, BM, C, K); 7464 : 2.18 (BK, BM, K); 7583 : 2.36 (BK, BM, K); 7597 : 2.11 (AAU, BK, BM, K); 7626 : 1.9 (BK, K); 7635 : 2.10 (BK, BM, C, K); 7655 : 2.42 (BK, BM, K); 7678 : 2.48 (C, K); 7755 : 2.55 (K); 7774 : 2.48 (BK, C, K); 7777 : 2.45 (BKF, K); 7841 : 2.16 (BK, BM, K); 7901 : 1.20 (BM); 7922 : 2.48 (K); 8248 : 2.25 (BK, C, K); 8281 : 1.24 (BK, BM, C, K); 8306 : 2.49 (BK, BM, C, K); 8441 : 1.18 (BK, BM, C, K); 8599 : 3.10 (BK, BM, C, K); 8653 : 3.4 (BK); 8688 : 1.26 (BK, BM); 8691 : 3.4 (BK, C, K); 8693 : 3.2.1 (BK, BM, C, K); 8708 : 3.22 (BK, BM); 8741 : 3.1 (BK, BM, C, K); 8742 : 3.2.1 (BK, C, K); 8792 : 3.11 (BK, BM, K); 8794 : 3.9 (BK, BM, K); 8845 : 3.28 (BK, BM, C, K); 8892 : 2.25 (BK, C, K); 9193 : 1.9 (BK, BM, C, K); 9291 : 1.9 (BK, BM, C, K); 9449 : 2.52 (BK, C, K); 9663 : 1.1 (BK, BM, C, K); 9804 : 2.49 (BK, BM, C, K); 9853 : 3.4 (BK, C, K); 9895 : 1.1 (BM, C, K); 10284 : 3.16.2 (BM, C, K); 10361 : 2.54 (BK, BM, K); 10391 : 2.12 (BK); 10394 : 3.23 (BK, BM, C, K); 10417 : 2.51 (BK, BM); 10584 : 3.10 (BK, BM, K); 11658 : 1.33 (BK, BM, C, K); 11659 : 2.16 (BK, C, K); 11697 : 2.55 (BK, C, K); 12069 : 2.22 (BK, C, K); 12136 : 1.33 (AAU, BK, BKF, BM, K); 12139 : 2.21 (C, K); 12231 : 2.47 (BK, BM); 13239 : 2.15 (BK, K); 12242 : 2.55 (BK, C, K); 13239 : 2.38 (BM); 13306 : 1.2 (BK, BM); 13323 : 2.21 (BK, C, K); 13372 : 2.21 (BK, C, K); 13675 : 1.26 (BK, BM, K); 13675A : 1.11 (K); 13817 : 2.21 (BK, C, K); 14018 : 1.26 (BM); 14209 : 2.16 (BK, BM, K); 14415 : 2.21 (BK, K); 14553 : 2.12 (BK, BM, K); 14566 : 2.55 (BK, BM, C, K); 14642 : 1.26 (BM); 14685 : 1.26 (BK, BM); 14738 : 2.16 (BK, BM, K); 14743 : 1.24 (BK, BM, C, K); 14786 : 1.26 (BK, BM, K); 14983 : 2.45 (BKF, K); 15168 : 2.55 (BK, C, K); 15175 : 1.23 (BK, BM, C, K); 15531 : 2.40 (BK, BM, K); 15555 : 2.55 (BK, C, K); 15634 : 2.55 (BK, K); 15813 : 2.16 (BK, K); 15815 : 2.21 (BK, C, K); 15861 : 2.55 (BK, C, K); 15862 : 3.22 (BK, BM); 15875 : 2.54 (BK, BM, K); 15883 : 2.18 (BK, BM, C, K); 15887 : 2.48 (BK, C, K); 16275 : 2.55 (BK, BM, K); 16392 : 2.23 (BK, BM, C, K); 16401 : 3.27 (BK, BM, C, K); 16402 : 3.17 (BK, K); 16430 : 2.26 (BK, BM, C, K); 16431 : 2.21 (BK, K); 16823 : 1.33 (BK, BM, C, K); 16830 : 2.55 (BK, C, K); 16832 : 1.27 (BK, BM, C, K); 16969 : 2.35 (BK, BM, C, K); 16976 : 2.35 (BM, C, K); 17054 : 2.55 (BK, C, K); 17059 : 2.38 (BK, BM, C, K); 17084 : 2.16 (BK, BM, C, K); 17109 : 2.16 (BK, K); 17197 : 2.35 (BK, BM, C, K); 17334 : 1.26 (BK, BM); 17405 : 2.21 (BK, C, K); 17452 : 2.16 (BK, BM, C, K); 17478 : 1.10 (BK, K); 17596 : 1.23 (BK, BM, C, K); 17733 : 2.1 (BK, K); 17895 : 1.23 (BK, BM, K); 17897 : 2.42 (BK, BM, C, K); 17972 : 3.23 (BM); 18183 : 1.11 (BK, BM, C, K); 18317 : 2.38 (BK, BM, C, K); 18321 : 2.21 (C, K); 18337 : 1.33 (BK, BM, C, K); 18395 : 1.27 (BK, BM, C, K); 18442 : 1.11 (BK); 18453 : 2.5 (BK, BM, C, K); 18502 : 3.27 (BK, BM, C, K); 18553 : 2.16 (BK, K); 18560 : 2.16 (BK, BM, K); 18562 : 1.9 (BK, BM, C, K); 18829 : 2.3 (BK, C, K); 18953 : 2.16 (BK, BM); 18996 : 1.9 (BK, BM, C, K); 19010 : 1.9 (BK, BM, C, K); 19011 : 1.26 (BM, C, K); 19013 : 2.16 (BK, BM, C, K); 19015 : 2.21 (BK, K); 19188 : 2.18 (BK, BM); 19254 : 2.16 (BK, BM, K); 19784 : 1.24 (BK, BM, C, K); 20046 : 3.4 (BK, BM, C, K); 20064 : 3.4 (BK, C, K); 20072 : 2.39 (BK, BM, C, K); 20136 : 3.22 (BK, BM); 20225 : 2.23 (BM, K); 20230 : 1.26 (BK, BM); 20235 : 1.17 (BK, BM, C, K); 20240 : 1.17 (BK, BM, C, K); 20242 : 3.8 (BM); 20664 : 2.12 (BK); 20666 : 3.10 (BM); 1[20715 : 1.17 (BK, K); 20954 : 1.19 (BK, BM); 20956 : 3.2.2 (BK, BM); 20992 : 2.16 (BK); 20993 : 1.6 (BKF); 21216 : 2.4.1 (BK); 21277 : 3.5 (BK); 21311 : 1.17 (BK, K);] 21377 : 2.4 (BK, BM); 21440 : 2.16 (BK); 21545 : 2.27 (BK); 2[21624 : 2.6 (BK, BM); 21627 : 2.42 (BK, K);] The follow without numbers so code indate :- 11-3-1912 : 1.13 (C); 22-12-1920 : 1.1 (BK); 22- 12-1920 : 1.1 (BK); 13-3-1921 : 3.6 (BK); 15-3-1921 : 3.6 (BK); 27-3-1921 : 2.53 (BM); 3-7- 1922 : 3.16.1 (BK, BM); 4-7-1922 : 1.4 (BK); 4-7-1922 : 2.22 (BK); 5-7-1922 : 2.47 (BK); 17- 7-1922 : 2.25 (BK), 27-3-1924 : 2.23 (BK); 30-3-1924 : 3.16.1 (BK). Kerr F.H.W. 31 : 1.1 (K); 35 : 1.1 (K); 71 : 2.27 (K); 72 : 2.27 (K); 110 : 2.47 (C, K); 117 : 3.10 (K); 117A : 3.10 (K); 117B : 2.39 (C); 118 : 2.23 (K); 120 : 2.51 (K); 122 : 1.10 (K); 127 : 2.51 (AAU, C); 127A : 2.51 (K); 140 : 2.9 (K); 149 : 2.39 (K); 149B : 3.11 (K); 159 : 2.51 (K); 160 : 3.11 (K); 177 : 2.39 (K); 179 : 3.10 (K); 181 : 2.39 (K); 181A : 2.39 (K); 188A : 3.10 (K); 190B : 3.11 (C, K); 191A : 2.51 (K); 192A : 3.11 (K); 193A : 2.51 (K); 196A : 2.51 (K); 196B : 1.3 (K); 196C : 1.3 (K); 196D : 2.51 (K); 225A : 2.16 (K); 226A : 2.39 (K); 226B : 2.51 (K); 226C : 1.1 (K); 230A : 2.9 (K); 277A : 2.49 (K); 426 : 2.39 (K).

1 [ ] = from Laos ; 2 [ ] = from Laos A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 163

Kiah 24343 : 2.21 (K); 24373 : 3.19 (K). Kloss C.B. 6816 : 1.2 (K). Kok kamhaeng T. 20 : 3.10 (BKF). Konta F. et al. 3934 : 1.22 (BKF, NSMT); 3969 : 3.9 (BKF, NSMT); 3997 : 1.3 (BKF, NSMT); 4004 : 1.1 (BKF, NSMT); 4023 : 1.2 (BKF, NSMT); 4192 : 1.3 (BKF, NSMT); 4282 : 2.31 (BKF, NSMT); 4284 : 1.2 (BKF, NSMT); 4294 : 1.1 (BKF, NSMT); 4448 : 2.11 (BKF, NSMT); 4450 : 1.32 (BKF, NSMT); 4455 : 2.12 (BKF, NSMT); 4457 : 1.23 (BKF, NSMT); 4656 : 1.10 (BKF, NSMT); 4680 : 1.10 (BKF, NSMT); 4686 : 2.12 (BKF, NSMT); 4756 : 1.17 (BKF, NSMT); 4759 : 1.1 (BKF, NSMT); 4760 : 3.16.1 (BKF, NSMT); 4763 : 1.2 (BKF, NSMT); 4784 : 1.32 (BKF, NSMT); 4787 : 3.16.1 (BKF, NSMT); 4793 : 1.23 (BKF, NSMT); 4801 : 2.12 (BKF, NSMT); 4802 : 1.2 (BKF, NSMT); 4825 : 1.10 (BKF, NSMT); 4834 : 1.23 (BKF, NSMT); 4911 : 3.3 (BKF, NSMT); 4928 : 3.13 (BKF, NSMT); 4969 : 1.1 (BKF, NSMT); T-49082 : 1.1 (BKF, NSMT); T-49090 : 2.20 (BKF, NSMT). Kosol 16 : 1.29. (BKF). Kosterman A. : 418 : 3.16.2 (BK, K); 865 : 2.16 (K). Koyama H. et al. T-15666 : 3.2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-31380 : 2.50 (BKF, KYO); T-31454 : 3.2.2 (BKF, KYO); T-31455 : 3.1 (BKF, KYO); T-31621 : 2.41 (BKF, KYO); T-32120 : 3.6 (BKF, KYO); T- 32799 : 2.54 (BKF, KYO); T-33541 : 3.27 (BKF, KYO); T-33586 : 1.1 (BKF, KYO); T-33588 : 3.9 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-33865 : 2.9 (BKF, KYO); T-39005 : 2.7 (BKF, KYO); T-39006 : 2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-39014 : 2.7 (BKF, KYO); T-39020 : 2.7 (BKF, KYO); T-39027 : 2.41 (BKF, KYO); T-39042 : 2.12 (BKF, KYO); T-39061 : 1.11 (BKF, KYO); T-39073 : 1.6 (BKF, KYO); T-39093 : 1.4 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-39105 : 2.50 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-39367 : 1.3 (BKF, KYO); T-39368 : 1.12 (BKF, KYO); T-39372 : 1.12 (BKF, KYO); T-39373 : 1.12 (BKF, KYO); T-39374 : 3.3 (BKF, KYO); T-39375 : 1.3 (BKF, KYO); T-39376 : 2.47 (BKF, KYO); T-39377 : 2.31 (BKF, KYO); T-39380 : 3.27 (BKF, KYO); T-39381 : 3.27 (BKF, KYO); T-39412 : 1.8 (BKF, KYO); T-39559 : 3.27 (BKF, KYO); T-39561 : 1.4 (BKF, KYO); T-39562 : 1.12 (BKF, KYO); T-39563 : 1.12 (BKF, KYO); T-39564 : 1.12 (BKF, KYO); T-39566 : 2.33 (BKF, KYO); T-39588 : 2.12 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-39591 : 1.13 (BKF, KYO); T-39674 : 1.3 (BKF, KYO); T- 39675 : 1.3 (BKF, KYO); T-39676 : 2.7 (BKF, KYO); T-39685 : 2.7 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T- 39686 : 2.7 (BKF, KYO); T-39901 : 2.7 (BKF, KYO); T-39903 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-48720 : 3.1 (BKF, KYO); T-48918 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-48922 : 2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-48932 : 2.53 (BKF, KYO); T-48936 : 1.4 (BKF, KYO); T-48939 : 2.22 (BKF, KYO); T-48947 : 1.9 (BKF, KYO); T-48962 : 1.19 (BKF, KYO); T-48969 : 1.19 (BKF, KYO); T-48988 : 2.7 (BKF, KYO); T-48996 : 1.1 (BKF, KYO); T-49503 : 2.12 (BKF, KYO); T-49963 : 3.20 (BKF, KYO); T-49964 : 2.49 (BKF, KYO); T-50112 : 3.27 (BKF, KYO); T-50118 : 3.27 (BKF, KYO); T-61904 : 2.47 (BKF, KYO); T-61905 : 2.25 (BKF, KYO); T-61906 : 3.9 (BKF, KYO). Koyama T. et al. 15435 : 3.27 (AAU, BKF); 15466 : 2.12 (AAU, BKF); 15494 : 3.2.2 (AAU); 15666 : 3.2.1 (AAU). Kumlen Y. sn. (QBG 11308) : 1.4 (QBG). Lakshnakara M.C. 616 : 2.48 (BK, C, K); 940 : 2.16 (BK); sn. (9-1-1922) : 2.51 (BK). Larsen K. et al. 92 : 2.49 (AAU, BKF); 97 : 1.1 (BKF, C); 109 : 2.49 (AAU, BKF); 315 : 2.20 (AAU); 629 : 1.17 (AAU, BKF); 663 : 2.23 (AAU, BKF); 664 : 2.53 (AAU, BKF, C); 947 : 3.15 (AAU); 974 : 2.53 (AAU, BKF, C); 984 : 3.23 (AAU, BKF); 1008 : 2.25 (AAU, BKF); 1009 : 1.1 (AAU); 1015 : 2.22 (AAU); 1022 : 2.1 (AAU); 1877 : 1.1 (AAU); 1921 : 2.47 (AAU, BKF, K); 1930 : 1.25 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 2001 : 3.16.1 (AAU, BKF); 2003 : 2.27 (AAU, BKF, K); 2132 : 1.3 (AAU, BKF, K); 2593 : 1.1 (AAU); 2771 : 3.10 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 2841 : 2.22 (AAU, BKF, K); 2872 : 2.51 (AAU, BKF, C); 2842 : 2.2 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 3107 : 3.17 (AAU, BKF, K); 3606 : 3.3 (AAU); 7092 : 3.27 (AAU); 8709 : 2.49 (C); 8801 : 2.39 (C); 9359 : 1.5 (C); 9411 : 2.30 (BKF, C, K); 9738 : 1.23 (C); 9943 : 1.23 (BKF, C); 9970 : 1.24 (BKF, C); 10264 : 2.20 (AAU, BKF, C); 10282 : 3.17 (AAU, BKF); 30612 : 1.33 (AAU, BKF, K); 30697 : 2.29 (AAU); 30698 : 2.8 (AAU); 30882 : 2.6 (AAU, BKF, K); 31207 : 1.29 (AAU, BKF); 31364 : 2.16 (AAU, BKF); 31506 : 2.7 (AAU, BKF, K); 31517 : 3.10 (AAU, BKF, K); 31609 : 3.28 (AAU, BKF, K); 31661 164 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

: 2.22 (BKF, C, K); 31822 : 2.39 (AAU, BKF, C); 31849 : 3.11 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 31867 : 3.11 (AAU, BKF, K); 32357 : 2.17 (AAU); 33549 : 2.55 (AAU, BKF); 33792 : 3.4 (AAU); 33946 : 1.12 (AAU); 33949 : 1.12 (BKF); 34209 : 2.39 (AAU); 34239 : 1.4 (BKF); 40977 : 1.33 (AAU); 41224 : 2.25 (AAU); 42733 : 1.15 (BKF); 42823 : 2.16 (AAU, BKF); 43502 : 2.37 (AAU, PSU); 43543 : 1.9 (AAU); 43548 : 1.14 (AAU, BKF); 44319 : 1.31 (AAU, BKF); 44652 : 2.16 (AAU); 44773 : 2.16 (AAU); 45693 : 2.52 (AAU, BKF); 45750 : 2.48 (QBG); 46249 : 2.7 (AAU); 46490 : 1.17 (AAU); 46491 : 2.7 (AAU); 46557 : 2.16 (AAU); 46638 : 3.10 (AAU); 46948 : 3.16.1 (AAU). Lekagul T. 92 : 1.17 (BKF). Lenkam Y. s.n. (QBG 11296) : 2.2 (BKF, QBG); s.n. (QBG 11302) : 1.4 (QBG); s.n. (QBG 11305) : 2.12 (QBG); s.n. (QBG 11306) : 1.1 (QBG); s.n. (QBG 11307) : 2.47 (QBG); s.n. (QBG 11309) : 1.3 (QBG); s.n. (QBG 11311) : 2.51 (QBG); s.n. (QBG 11312) : 1.31 (QBG); s.n. (QBG 11316) : 1.1 (QBG); s.n. (QBG 11317) : 1.1 (QBG); s.n. (QBG 11319) : 2.16 (QBG); s.n. (QBG 11322) : 1.4 (QBG). Manyrak M. 2 : 2.7 (BKF). Marcan A. 1229 : 1.23 (BM. K); 1253 : 2.42 (BK, K); 2424 : 2.8 (K); 2531 : 1.24 (BM, K). Martin v.d. Bult 515 : 2.22 (BKF). Maxwell J.F. 71-264 : 1.23 (AAU, BK); 72-549 : 1.22 (BK); 72-579 : 2.48 (AAU); 73-379 : 2.48 (AAU, BK); 74-379 : 2.39 (BK); 74-857 : 3.17 (AAU, BK); 74-858 : 2.49 (AAU, BK); 75-820 : 2.54 (BK); 75-635 : 1.24 (AAU, BK); 75-664 : 3.16.1 (AAU, BK); 75-820 : 1.23 (AAU); 75- 837 : 2.48 (AAU, BK); 75-976 : 1.24 (BK); 76-212 : 2.25 (AAU, BK); 76-488 : 1.24 (AAU, BK); 76-574 : 2.25 (AAU, BK); 84-172 : 1.29 (BKF, PSU); 84-407 : 2.18(BKF); 84-562 : 1.29 (BKF, PSU); 85-229 : 1.29 (BKF, PSU); 85-624 : 1.29 (AAU, BKF, PSU); 85-671 : 2.30 (AAU, BKF, PSU); 85-747 : 1.8 (AAU, BKF, PSU); 85-860 : 2.48 (AAU, BKF, PSU); 85-914 : 2.3 (PSU); 85-989 : 1.29 (AAU, BKF, PSU); 85-1089 : 2.16 (PSU); 86-22 : 1.23(AAU, BKF, PSU); 86-74 : 2.55 (PSU); 86-226 : 2.55 (BKF); 86-545 : 1.8 (BKF, PSU); 86-560 : 1.8 (AAU, BKF, PSU); 86-649 : 2.8 (PSU); 86-742 : 1.8 (BKF, PSU); 86-1365 : 2.12 (BKF); 86-1385 : 3.11 (BKF); 87-592 : 2.39 (BKF); 87-622 : 2.1 (BKF); 87-626 : 1.17 (BKF); 87-640 : 2.16 (BKF); 87-854 : 3.10 (BKF); 87-658 : 2.23 (BKF); 87-947 : 2.27 (BKF); 87-924 : 1.32 (BKF); 87-941 : 1.1 (BKF); 87-993 : 1.1 (BKF); 87-1010 : 2.16 (AAU, BKF); 87-1028 : 3.10 (BKF); 87-1030 : 1.3 (BKF); 87-1050 : 1.17 (BKF); 87-1051 : 2.23 (BKF); 87-1052 : 2.47 (BKF); 87-1053 : 2.47 (BKF); 87-1057 : 2.16 (BKF); 87-1068 : 1.1 (BKF); 87-1110 : 2.16 (AAU, BKF); 87-1651 : 2.23 (AAU); 88-9 : 3.11 (AAU); 88-59 : 3.9 (BKF); 88-87 : 1.1 (BKF); 88-118 : 1.17 (BKF); 88-180 : 1.10 (AAU; 88-329 : 3.16.1(AAU, BKF); 88-348 : 3.10 (BKF); 88-359 : 2.39 (BKF); 88-416 : 2.16 (BKF); 88-543 : 3.10 (AAU); 88-660 : 3.9 (BKF); 88-667 : 1.4 (AAU, BKF); 88- 684 : 1.12 (AAU, BKF); 88-687 : 2.39 (BKF); 88-687A : 1.2 (AAU); 88-708 : 1.2 (AAU, BKF); 88-738 : 3.16.1 (AAU, BKF); 88-804 : 1.1 (BKF); 88-830 : 1.17 (AAU, BKF); 88-895 : 3.10 (BKF); 88-952 : 3.9 (BKF); 88-980 : 3.11 (AAU, BKF); 88-1017 : 2.9 (AAU, BKF); 88-1058 : 3.19 (AAU, BKF); 88-1064 : 3.10 (BKF); 88-1127 : 1.3 (BKF); 88-1278 : 2.49 (AAU, BKF); 88-1384 : 3.9 (AAU, BKF); 88-1420 : 1.1 (BKF); 89-173 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 89-338 : 2.9 (BKF); 89-596 : 2.27 (AAU, BKF); 89-611 : 3.27 (BKF); 90-1015 : 2.39 (AAU); 90-1058 : 2.51 (AAU); 90-1062 : 1.12 (AAU); 90-1263 : 2.53 (AAU); 90-1293 : 3.11 (AAU); 91-24 : 1.1 (AAU); 91-114 : 1.7 (AAU); 91-162 : 1.4 (AAU); 91-261 : 2.23 (AAU); 91-632 : 2.16 (AAU); 91-641 : 3.11 (AAU); 91-724 : 2.22 (AAU); 92-44 : 2.16 (AAU); 92-591 : 1.7 (AAU); 92-845 : 2.27 (AAU); 93-357 : 1.4 (BKF); 93-687 : 2.16 (BKF); 93-709 : 1.32 (BKF); 93-715 : 1.3 (BKF); 93-789 : 3.11 (BKF); 93-956 : 2.16 (BKF); 93-998 : 1.3 (BKF); 93-999 : 1.10 (BKF); 93-1000 : 2.9 (BKF); 93-1007 : 1.32 (BKF); 93-1116 : 2.22 (BKF); 93-1560 : 3.29 (BKF); 94- 752 : 1.32 (BKF); 94-792 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 95-166 : 2.16 (BKF); 95-198 : 1.10 (BKF); 95-207 : 2.2 (BKF); 95-211 : 1.10 (BKF); 95-226 : 3.21 (BKF); 95-227 : 3.27 (BKF); 95-340 : 1.25 (BKF); 95-480 : 2.16 (BKF); 95-486 : 2.47 (BKF); 95-610 : 1.32 (BKF); 95-782 : 1.11 (BKF); 95-896 : 1.3 (BKF); 95-918 : 2.16 (BKF); 95-1061 : 2.16 (BKF); 95-1233 : 3.6 (BKF); 96-1 : 1.3 (BKF); 96-121 : 3.29 (BKF); 96-171 : 3.29 (BKF); 96-257 : 1.17 (BKF); 96-414 : 2.2 (BKF); 96-448 : 2.16 (BKF); 96-582 : 1.7 (BKF); 96-695 : 2.39 (BKF); 96-731 : 1.32 (BKF); 96-809 : 3.11 (BKF); 96-810 : 1.3 (BKF); 96-812 : 3.29 (BKF); 96-868 : 1.3 (BKF); 96-1033 : 3.10 A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 165

(BKF); 96-1048 : 3.11 (BKF); 96-1173 : 2.16 (BKF); 96-1177 : 3.10 (BKF); 96-1206 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 96-1252 : 2.51 (BKF); 96-1457 : 1.32 (BKF); 96-1459 : 3.14 (BKF); 96-1631 : 2.2 (BKF); 97-93 : 2.34 (BKF); 97-153 : 3.29 (BKF); 97-174 : 1.1 (BKF); 97-259 : 3.10 (BKF); 97- 329 : 1.4 (BKF); 97-352 : 1.17 (BKF); 97-525 : 2.16 (BKF); 97-548 : 1.32 (BKF); 97-564 : 1.32 (BKF); 97-637 : 1.3 (BKF); 97-666 : 1.7 (BKF); 97-723 : 1.3 (BKF); 97-1006 : 2.22 (BKF); 97- 1270 : 1.11 (BKF); 97-1292 : 1.3 (BKF); 97-1352 : 2.39 (BKF); 97-1384 : 3.14 (BKF); 97-1455 : 1.7 (BKF); 97-1498 : 3.29 (BKF); 97-1520 : 3.29 (BKF); 97-1555 : 2.16 (BKF); 98-14 : 1.4 (BKF); 98-401 : 3.10 (BKF); 98-410 : 1.10 (BKF); 98-621 : 1.2 (BKF); 98-645 : 2.16 (BKF); 98-666 : 1.32 (BKF); 98-716 : 2.22 (BKF); 01-126 : 2.16 (BKF); 01-371 : 1.1 (MAU); 02-15 : 3.22 (MAU); 02-209 : 3.17 (MAU). Middleton D.J. et al. 1397 : 2.21 (AAU, BKF); 1569 : 2.23 (BKF); 1666 : 2.53 (AAU, BKF); 1790 : 1.9 (BKF); 2005 : 2.40 (BKF); s.n. (30-3-2003) : 1.4 (BKF); s.n. (30-3-2003) : 2.47 (BKF). Mitsuta S. et al. T-40364 : 2.12 (BKF, KYO); T-42295 : 2.12 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-42335 : 2.12 (BKF, KYO); T-42336 : 3.23 (BKF, KYO); T-42337 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-42340 : 2.9 (BKF, KYO); T-43152 : 2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-43162 : 3.4 (BKF, KYO); T-43166 : 3.22 (BKF, KYO); T- 44244 : 3.3 (BKF, KYO); T-44257 : 3.9 (BKF, KYO); T-45376 : 1.17 (BKF, KYO); T-46446 : 1.17 (BKF, KYO); T-46447 : 3.24 (BKF, KYO); T-46449 : 3.11 (BKF, KYO); T-46467 : 1.4 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-46481 : 2.47 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-46482 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-46498 : 2.47 (BKF, KYO); T-47531 : 2.39 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-47537 : 2.7 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T- 47539 : 2.39 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-47541 : 3.14 (BKF, KYO). Monakot 18 : 2.16 (QRG); 54 : 1.3 (QBG); 59 : 1.11 (QBG). Murata G. et al. T-38456 : 1.17 (BKF, KYO); T-40175 : 3.11 (BKF, KYO); T-40189 : 3.19 (BKF, KYO); T-40197 : 3.2.2 (BKF, KYO); T-40241 : 2.51 (BKF, KYO); T-40494 : 3.27 (BKF, KYO); T-40498 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-40499 : 1.32 (BKF, KYO); T-41504 : 3.2.1 (BKF, KYO); T- 41508 : 2.7 (BKF, KYO); T-41639 : 1.17 (BKF, KYO); T-41758 : 2.25 (BKF, KYO); T-41763 : 2.51 (BKF, KYO); T-42568 : 3.22 (BKF, KYO); T-42794 : 2.12 (BKF, KYO); T-42848 : 3.3 (BKF, KYO); T-42873 : 2.12 (BKF, KYO); T-42915 : 2.50 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-42925 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-42926 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-43006 : 3.2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-43007 : 1.4 (BKF, KYO); T-43008 : 2.12 (BKF, KYO); T-43011 : 2.7 (BKF, KYO); T-43012 : 2.12 (BKF, KYO); T-43014 : 3.9 (BKF, KYO); T-43125 : 3.2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-43126 : 3.2.1 (BKF, KYO); T- 49632 : 1.27 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-50127 : 2.23 (BKF, KYO); T-50133 : 1.4 (BKF, KYO); T- 50640 : 2.7 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-50694 : 1.3 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-50702 : 1.3 (BKF, KYO); T-50743 : 1.3 (BKF, KYO); T-50784 : 2.39 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-51145 : 1.9 (BKF, KYO); T- 51360 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-51491 : 2.23 (BKF, KYO); T-51567 : 2.7 (BKF, KYO); T-51571 : 3.11 (BKF, KYO); T-51616 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-51712 : 3.11 (BKF, KYO); T-51714 : 3.11 (BKF, KYO); T-51716 : 2.51 (BKF, KYO); T-51733 : 3.16.1 (BKF, KYO); T-52125 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-52535 : 3.17 (BKF, KYO); T-79053 : 3.11 (BKF, KYO). Nagamasu H. et al. T-49942 : 2.23 (BKF, KYO); T-49946 : 1.12 (BKF, KYO); T-49948 : 3.23 (BKF, KYO); T-49950 : 3.19 (BKF, KYO); T-49951 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-49954 : 1.12 (BKF, KYO); T-49956 : 3.19 (BKF, KYO); T-50090 : 2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-50096 : 2.9 (BKF, KYO); T-50097 : 2.47 (BKF, KYO); T-50103 : 2.12 (BKF, KYO). Nakkan D. 6 : 2.50 (BKF); 13 : 1.32 (BKF); 29 : 2.7 (BKF); 59 : 1.9 (BKF); 73 : 2.50 (BKF); 74 : 1.32 (BKF); 93 : 3.23 (BKF); 144 : 2.50 (BKF); 152 : 2.7 (BKF); 159 : 1.3 (BKF); 178 : 3.23 (BKF); 218 : 2.25 (BKF); 294 : 2.21 (BKF); 334 : 1.18 (BKF). Nalampoon A. 12 : 2.25 (BKF); 12A : 2.16 (BKF). Nanakorn W. et al. 4 : 2.49 (QBG); 16 : 1.11 (QBG); 45 : 2.16 (BKF, QBG); 61 : 2.7 (BKF, QBG); 62 : 2.47 (BKF, QBG); 80 : 1.3 (BKF, QBG); 87 : 1.17 (BKF, QBG); 386 : 2.22 (AAU); 505 : 2.22 (BKF, QBG); 508 : 3.10 (BKF, QBG); 736 : 1.17 (BKF, QBG); 811 : 2.16 (BKF, QBG); 838 : 3.27 (BKF, QBG); 846 : 1.11 (BKF, QBG); 1025 : 3.5 (AAU); 1026 : 3.10 (BKF, QBG); 1239 : 1.1 (BKF, QBG); 1265 : 1.11 (BKF, QBG); 1375 : 3.9 (BKF, QBG); 1376 : 2.7 (BKF, QBG); 1380 : 2.7 (BKF, QBG); 1507 : 2.7 (BKF, QBG); 1819 : 1.32 (BKF, QBG); 1841 : 2.47 (BKF, QBG); 1876 : 3.6 (BKF, QBG); 1988 : 3.12 (BKF, QBG); 2001 : 1.11 (BKF, QBG); 2463 : 3.23 (BKF, QBG); 2583 : 2.23 (BKF, QBG); 2847 : 1.1 (BKF, QBG); 2860 : 3.23 (BKF, QBG); 2862 : 1.1 166 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

(BKF, QBG); 2929 : 3.9 (BKF, QBG); 4203 : 1.11 (BKF, QBG); 4204 : 1.11 (QBG); 4287 : 1.3 (BKF, QBG); 4288 : 1.17 (BKF, QBG); 4325 : 1.3 (BKF, QBG); 4354 : 2.7 (BKF, QBG); 4508 : 2.16 (BKF, QBG); 4762 : 3.16.1 (BKF, QBG); 4785 : 3.6 (BKF, QBG); 5011 : 2.53 (BKF, QBG); 5101 : 2.23 (BKF, QBG); 5221 : 1.1 (BKF, QBG); 5353 : 1.1 (BKF, QBG); 5420 : 2.23 (BKF, QBG); 5487 : 1.1 (BKF, QBG); 5549 : 1.1 (BKF, QBG); 5567 : 1.1 (BKF, QBG); 5694 : 3.6 (BKF, QBG); 5745 : 3.6 (BKF, QBG); 5793 : 1.3 (BKF, QBG); 5824 : 1.1 (BKF, QBG); 5827 : 1.1 (QBG); 5832 : 2.34 (BKF, QBG); 5847 : 1.1 (QBG); 5984 : 1.10 (QBG); 5969 : 3.21 (BKF, QBG); 6022 : 2.25 (BKF, QBG); 6084 : 2.23 (BKF, QBG); 6172 : 1.4 (BKF, QBG); 6195 : 2.56 (QBG); 6226 : 2.16 (BKF, QBG); 6242 : 3.11 (BKF, QBG); 6243 : 2.27 (BKF, QBG); 6345 : 1.4 (BKF, QBG); 6401 : 1.3 (BKF, QBG); 6551 : 2.27 (BKF, QBG); 6553 : 3.9 (BKF, QBG); 6554 : 3.9 (QBG); 6581 : 2.7 (BKF, QBG); 6583 : 1.10 (BKF, QBG); 6664 : 3.11 (BKF, QBG); 6667 : 3.9 (BKF, QBG); 6699 : 2.16 (BKF, QBG); 6740 : 1.17 (BKF, QBG); 6765 : 1.17 (BKF, QBG); 6768 : 2.27 (QBG); 6923 : 3.11 (BKF, QBG); 6985 : 3.9 (BKF, QBG); 7005 : 2.47 (BKF, QBG); 7011 : 2.23 (BKF, QBG); 7038 : 3.11 (BKF, QBG); 7046 : 2.47 (BKF, QBG); 7063 : 3.10 (BKF, QBG); 7071 : 1.3 (BKF, QBG); 7156 : 1.11 (BKF, QBG); 7316 : 1.18 (BKF, QBG); 7980 : 2.16 (BKF, QBG); 7982 : 1.3 (BKF, QBG); 8193 : 2.7 (BKF, QBG); 8233 : 2.49 (BKF, QBG); 8507 : 1.11 (BKF, QBG); 8650 : 3.6 (BKF, QBG); 8717 : 2.2 (BKF, QBG); 8967 : 1.4 (BKF, QBG); 9321 : 1.17 (BKF, QBG); 9430 : 3.11 (BKF, QBG); 9431 : 3.11 (BKF, QBG); 9432 : 3.26 (BKF, QBG); 9434 : 3.26 (BKF, QBG); 9527 : 2.27 (BKF, QBG); 9547 : 2.51 (BKF, QBG); 9564 : 2.47 (BKF, QBG); 9953 : 2.7 (BKF, QBG); 9954 : 1.11 (BKF, QBG); 10097 : 2.49 (QBG); 10193 : 3.9 (BKF, QBG); 10283 : 1.1 (BKF, QBG); 10879 : 3.11 (QBG); 14854 : 3.10 (BKF, QBG); 15701 : 1.32 (BKF, QBG); s.n. (21-9-1931) : 2.8 (BKF, QBG). Nilphanit S. 6 : 3.17 (BKF); 21 : 1.17 (BKF); 27 : 3.23 (BKF); 28 : 2.41 (BKF); 32 : 2.50 (BKF); 34 : 2.39 (BKF); 40 : 2.25 (BKF); 42 : 1.3 (BKF); 43 : 3.16.1 (BKF). Nilviset Ch. 1 : 3.2.2 (BKF); 1a : 2.25 (BKF); 3 : 3.1 (BKF); 4 : 3.23 (BKF); 5 : 1.4 (BKF); 8 : 1.32 (BKF); 10 : 2.51 (BKF); 12 : 2.25 (BKF); 24 : 2.25 (BKF); 42 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 46 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 48 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 50 : 3.10 (BKF); 51 : 3.10 (BKF); s.n. (-1-1-1954) : 3.10 (BKF). Nimanong B. et al. 4 : 1.6 (BKF); 44 : 2.16 (BKF, C, K); 165 : 2.39 (BKF, C); 166 : 1.7 (BKF, C); 268 : 3.19 (BKF, C); 815 : 3.10 (BKF); 1225 : 2.36 (BKF); 1727 : 2.27 (BKF, PSU); 1759 : 1.7 (BKF, PSU); 1762 : 1.10 (BKF, PSU); 1861 : 1.10 (BKF). Nitrasirilak P. et al. 411 : 1.29 (BKF); 429 : 2.48 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 430 : 2.19 (BKF). Niyomdham C. et al. 129 : 2.27 (AAU, BKF, PSU, K); 290 : 2.54 (AAU, BKF); 366 : 1.10 (BKF); 375 : 1.10 (BKF); 522 : 3.4 (AAU, BKF, C); 523 : 3.23 (BKF); 719 : 2.21 (BKF, C); 905 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 930 : 2.4 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 987 : 1.22 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 1038 : 2.21 (BKF, C, K); 1201 : 2.4(AAU, BKF, C, K); 1234 : 2.18 (BKF); 2123 : 2.21(BKF); 2141 : 2.21(BKF); 2358 : 2.54(BKF); 2914 : 1.9(AAU, BKF, QBG, PSU); 3067 : 2.29(BKF); 3073 : 2.50 (BKF); 3074 : 2.6 (BKF); 3082 : 1.3 (AAU, BKF); 3096 : 2.33 (BKF); 3149 : 2.3 (AAU, BKF); 4067 : 2.54 (BKF); 4718 : 2.48 (AAU, BKF); 4739 : 1.29 (BKF); 4784 : 2.6 (AAU, BKF); 4825 : 1.21 (AAU, BKF); 4914 : 1.23 (BKF); 5050 : 2.49 (AAU, BKF); 5069 : 1.23 (AAU, BKF); 5070 : 2.22 (AAU, BKF); 6140 : 1.27 (BKF); 6141 : 2.21 (AAU, BKF); 6206 : 2.22 (BKF); 6207 : 2.21 (BKF); 6208 : 2.16 (BKF); 6345 : 2.3 (AAU, BKF); s.n. (18-6-1992) : 1.1 (BKF); s.n. : 2.6 (BKF). Noe 42 : 2.42 (BK, K); s.n. (20-9-1921) : 1.1 (BK); s.n. (13-10-1921) : 1.26 (BK). Nooteboom H. P. et al. 881 : 2.47 (BKF, C). Norsaeng sri M. 1046 : 2.55 (BKF, QBG); 1047 : 2.49 (BKF, QBG); 1048 : 3.23 (BKF, QBG); 1230 : 3.6 (BKF, QBG); 1231 : 3.6 (BKF, QBG). Nur s.n. : 1.29 (BM) Phattarahirankanok K. 121 : 2.49 (BKF). Phengklai C. et al. 103 : 2.16 (BKF, C, K); 178 : 2.49 (BKF); 211 : 2.39 (BKF); 423 : 2.20(BKF, K); 425 : 2.16 (BKF, K); 461 : 2.49 (BKF, C, K); 526 : 2.20 (BKF, C, K); 560 : 3.4 (BKF, C, K); 676 : 1.1 (BKF, C, K); 697 : 3.4 (BKF, C, K); 909 : 2.25 (BKF); 1122 : 2.21 (BKF); 1955 : 2.25 (BKF); 2961 : 3.16.2 (AAU, BKF, C); 2967 : 3.16.1 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 3027 : 1.5 (AAU, BKF, C); 3291 : 1.1 (BKF, PSU); 4052 : 1.2 (BKF, C); 4062 : 1.17 (BKF); 4075 : 1.4 (BKF, C); 4184 A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 167

: 3.16.1 (BKF, K); 4185 : 2.27 (BKF); 6031 : 1.4 (BKF); 6100 : 1.10 (BKF); 6155 : 2.12 (BKF); 6155A : 2.51 (BKF); 6156 : 2.23 (BKF); 6157 : 1.28 (BKF); 6194 : 3.15 (BKF); 6232 : 3.24 (BKF); 6244 : 2.23 (BKF); 6309 : 1.1 (AAU, BKF, C); 6613 : 1.2 (BKF); 6673 : 3.11 (BKF, K); 6797 : 3.9 (BKF); 6798 : 2.22 (BKF, C, K); 6799 : 3.4 (BKF, C); 6800 : 3.6 (BKF); 6801 : 2.47 (BKF); 6802 : 3.11 (BKF, C, K); 6803 : 3.16.1 (BKF, K); 6852 : 1.3 (BKF); 6883 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 6884 : 1.10 (BKF, K); 6887 : 2.39 (BKF, C, K); 6901 : 2.47 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 6984 : 3.14 (BKF); 6985 : 3.14 (BKF); 6986 : 1.4 (BKF); 6987 : 1.32 (BKF, C); 7038 : 1.12 (BKF); 7039 : 1.7 (BKF); 7040 : 3.3 (BKF); 7068 : 2.47 (BKF); 7092 : 3.15 (BKF); 7110 : 2.25 (BKF); 7114 : 2.47 (BKF); 7157 : 2.47 (BKF); 7163 : 2.47 (BKF); 7164 : 2.1 (BKF); 7196 : 1.12 (BKF); 7200 : 1.12 (BKF); 7201 : 1.12 (BKF); 7202 : 1.12 (BKF); 7224 : 2.39 (BKF); 67234 : 3.16.1 (BKF, C, K); 7247 : 2.47 (BKF); 7305 : 2.1 (BKF); 7324 : 2.1 (BKF); 7326 : 1.3 (BKF); 7357 : 2.16 (BKF); 7423 : 1.10 (BKF); 7473 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 7638 : 2.26 (BKF); 10076 : 2.22 (BKF); 10860 : 1.3 (BKF); 10869 : 1.2 (BKF); 10946 : 1.3 (BKF); 11043 : 1.1 (BKF); 11293 : 1.2 (BKF); 11300 : 1.10 (BKF); 11311 : 2.41 (BKF); 11342 : 1.1 (BKF); 11355 : 1.17 (BKF); 11358 : 1.1 (BKF); 11367 : 1.10 (BKF); 11370 : 1.1 (BKF); 11442 : 1.1 (BKF); 12298 : 3.8 (BKF); 12300 : 2.25 (BKF); 12301 : 2.7 (BKF); 13038 : 2.49 (BKF); 13086 : 2.22 (BKF); 13102 : 2.49 (BKF); 13162 : 2.49 (BKF); 13342 : 1.23 (BKF); 13480 : 2.42 (BKF); s.n. : 3.11 (BKF). Phengnaren S. 12 : 2.16 (BKF); 203 : 1.1 (BKF); 207 : 1.26 (BKF); 284 : 2.25 (BKF); 350 : 2.16 (BKF); 387 : 2.16 (BKF, K); 420 : 3.16.1 (BKF, K); 427 : 2.16 (BKF); 510 : 2.16 (BKF, C, K); 533 : 2.25 (BKF); 585 : 1.24 (BKF); 700 : 3.10 (BKF, C); 832 : 3.16.1 (BKF); s.n. (11-8-1968) : 2.47 (BKF); s.n. (12-8-1968) : 1.12 (BKF); s.n. (13-8-1968) : 2.38 (BKF). Phonsena P. et al. 2659 : 2.49 (BKF); 3391 : 2.20 (BKF); 3393 : 2.20 (BKF); 3396 : 2.20 (BKF); 3411 : 2.20 (BKF); 3414 : 1.24 (BKF); 3430 : 1.24 (BKF); 3458 : 2.49 (BKF); 3483 : 2.49 (BKF); 3484 : 3.22 (BKF); 3485 : 2.16 (BKF); 3486 : 2.16 (BKF); 3492 : 2.49 (BKF); 3493 : 2.49 (BKF); 3494 : 2.49 (BKF); 3495 : 2.49 (BKF); 3497 : 2.49 (BKF); 3552 : 1.25 (BKF); 3553 : 1.1 (BKF); 3556 : 3.23 (BKF); 3557 : 3.23 (BKF); 3558 : 3.23 (BKF); 3561 : 2.20 (BKF); 3562 : 2.49 (BKF); 3563 : 2.49 (BKF); 3564 : 2.20 (BKF); 3565 : 2.20 (BKF); 3566 : 2.20 (BKF); 3568 : 2.49 (BKF); 3569 : 2.49 (BKF); 3570 : 2.49 (BKF); 3571 : 2.49 (BKF); 3581 : 1.1 (BKF); 3582 : 1.9 (BKF); 3584 : 1.1 (BKF); 3587 : 2.20 (BKF); 3598 : 2.49 (BKF); 3599 : 3.22 (BKF); 3600 : 3.22 (BKF); 3613 : 3.22 (BKF); 3616 : 3.22 (BKF); 3617 : 2.49 (BKF); 3618 : 2.16 (BKF); 3620 : 2.49 (BKF); 3621 : 2.49 (BKF); 3626 : 2.16 (BKF); 3640 : 3.22 (BKF); 3641 : 2.16 (BKF); 3642 : 2.49 (BKF); 3643 : 3.22 (BKF); 3644 : 2.49 (BKF); 3645 : 3.22 (BKF); 3646 : 2.16 (BKF); 3647 : 3.22 (BKF); 3648 : 2.49 (BKF); 3649 : 2.16 (BKF); 3650 : 2.16 (BKF); 3651 : 2.16 (BKF); 3652 : 2.16 (BKF); 3653 : 2.16 (BKF); 3654 : 2.16 (BKF); 3656 : 3.22 (BKF); 3657 : 3.22 (BKF); 3658 : 2.16 (BKF); 3661 : 2.16 (BKF); 3662 : 2.25 (BKF); 3663 : 2.20 (BKF); 3666 : 3.23 (BKF); 3668 : 2.20 (BKF); 3669 : 2.20 (BKF); 3673 : 2.25 (BKF); 3674 : 2.20 (BKF); 3676 : 1.1 (BKF); 3677 : 3.22 (BKF); 3678 : 2.20 (BKF); 3726 : 2.49 (BKF); 3727 : 2.49 (BKF); 3728 : 2.49 (BKF); 3729 : 2.49 (BKF); 3731 : 2.49 (BKF); 3733 : 2.20 (BKF); 3734 : 2.20 (BKF); 3735 : 2.20 (BKF); 3736 : 2.20 (BKF); 3740 : 3.23 (BKF); 3741 : 3.23 (BKF); 3751 : 2.25 (BKF); 3752 : 2.25 (BKF); 3753 : 1.23 (BKF); 3757 : 1.24 (BKF); 3768 : 2.20 (BKF); 3770 : 2.20 (BKF); 3771 : 2.25 (BKF); 3774 : 3.22 (BKF); 3824 : 2.20 (BKF); 3825 : 2.20 (BKF); 3826 : 2.20 (BKF); 3862 : 3.23 (BKF); 3875 : 3.23 (BKF); 3877 : 1.1 (BKF); 3881 : 1.25 (BKF); 3882 : 1.1 (BKF); 3885 : 3.23 (BKF); 3886 : 3.23 (BKF); 3887 : 3.25 (BKF); 3890 : 2.25 (BKF); 3894 : 1.23 (BKF); s.n. (23-4-1942) : 3.49 (BKF). Phrombubpha A. 21 : 2.7 (BKF). Phusomsaeng S. 15 : 2.25 (BKF, K); 15A : 1.3 (BKF); 57 : 1.4 (BKF); 62 : 2.39 (BKF); 74 : 3.9 (AAU, BKF, C); 108 : 2.55 (BKF); 128 : 1.33 (BKF); 181 : 2.48 (BKF, C); 192 : 3.15 (BKF); 266 : 1.1 (BKF); 267 : 3.11 (BKF); 415 : 3.11 (BKF); 461 : 1.18 (BKF); 528 : 3.20 (BKF, C); 529 : 2.55 (BKF, C); 1574 : 2.55 (BKF, C); 1585 : 2.55 (BKF, C, K); 1614 : 1.23 (BKF); s.n. (15-11-1965) : 2.39 (BKF, C). Pichet S. 3 : 2.16 (PSU). Pinnin S. et al. 54 : 3.1 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 61 : 2.51 (BKF); 65 : 1.32 (BKF, C); 96 : 3.2.2 (BKF, C); 98 : 2.50 (BKF, C, K); 529 : 1.8 (BKF); 1574 : 1.8 (BKF). 168 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Pongamornkul W. 115 : 1.4 (BKF, QBG); 118 : 1.3 (BKF, QBG); 294 : 1.11 (BKF, QBG); 395 : 1.4 (BKF, QBG); 605 : 3.6 (QBG); 607 : 2.1 (QBG); 657 : 3.22 (BKF, QBG). Pongthong S. s.n. (25-4-2002) : 1.22 (BKF). Pooma R. 41 : 1.3 (BKF); 42 : 2.27 (BKF); 64 : 3.6 (BKF); 65 : 3.10 (BKF); 66 : 3.10 (BKF); 67 : 2.22 (BKF); 69 : 1.3 (BKF); 69A : 2.47 (BKF); 70 : 1.3 (BKF); 72 : 1.3 (BKF); 73 : 2.2 (BKF); 76 : 3.4 (BKF); 90 : 3.1 (BKF); 91 : 3.2.2 (BKF); 92 : 2.51 (BKF); 208 : 1.32 (BKF); 209 : 1.9 (BKF); 210 : 1.3 (BKF); 211 : 2.49 (BKF); 212 : 2.25 (BKF); 213 : 1.17 (BKF); 214 : 1.3 (BKF); 215 : 2.27 (BKF); 216 : 3.11 (BKF); 217 : 2.39 (BKF); 218 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 219 : 2.16 (BKF); 220 : 2.49 (BKF); 227 : 2.93 (BKF); 228 : 1.22 (BKF); 229 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 230 : 3.9 (BKF); 232 : 3.11 (BKF); 235 : 1.3 (BKF); 342 : 3.15 (BKF); 346 : 2.2 (BKF); 368 : 2.25 (BKF); 409 : 2.47 (BKF); 418 : 1.3 (BKF); 476 : 3.4 (BKF); 606 : 3.15 (BKF); 733 : 3.19 (BKF); 784 : 3.27 (BKF); 836 : 2.23 (BKF); 838 : 1.17 (BKF); 858 : 3.4 (BKF); 1379 : 3.29 (BKF); 1480 : 2.32 (BKF); 1518 : 3.4 (BKF); 1533 : 3.28 (BKF); 1676 : 3.17 (BKF); 2315 : 2.7 (BKF); 2322 : 2.25 (BKF); 2373 : 2.7 (BKF); 2513 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 2553 : 2.7 (BKF); 2654 : 1.26 (BKF); 2670 : 1.24 (BKF); 2770 : 2.21 (BKF); 2778 : 3.11 (BKF); 2779 : 2.20 (BKF); 2779A : 2.19 (BKF); 2850 : 1.26 (BKF); 2851 : 2.41 (BKF). Poore M.E.D. s.n. (-1-1 1962) : 2.27 (AAU). Prachasaisoradet V. 450 : 2.53 (BKF). Prachit et al. 3 : 1.11 (BKF, QBG). Praphat D. 34 : 2.7 (BKF); 160 : 2.55 (BKF); 181 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 604 : 2.7 (BKF); 660 : 1.18 (BKF); 668 : 2.25 (BKF); 685 : 2.16 (BKF); 757 : 3.17 (BKF). Premrasami A. 104 : 3.22 (BKF). Prommongkol R. s.n. (1-11-1979) : 1.4 (BKF); s.n. (1-11-1979) : 1.1 (BKF). Put P. 137 : 3.9 (BKF); 162 : 1.13 (BKF); 166 : 2.22 (BKF); 208 : 1.18 (BKF); 212 : 2.8 (BKF); 248 : 2.52 (BKF); 269 : 3.27 (BKF); 279 : 1.4 (BKF); 381 : 2.18 (BKF); 640 : 2.25 (BK, C, K); 926 : 1.23 (BK, BM, C, K); 1686 : 1.11 (BK, BM, C); 1847 : 2.16 (BK, C, K); 2714 : 2.25 (BK, C, K); 3032 : 2.9 (BK, C, K); 3306 : 2.9 (BK, C, K); 3312 : 4.1 (BK); 3338 : 2.9 (BK, K); 3361 : 1.6 (BK, BM, C, K); 3364 : 1.9 (BK); 3366 : 1.9 (BK); 3385 : 2.16 (BK, BM, K); 3392 : 1.32 (BK, BM, C); 3402 : 3.27 (BK, BM, C, K); 3472 : 2.16 (BK, BM, K); 3473 : 2.16 (K); 3474 : 2.16 (BK, BM, C); 3515 : 3.4 (BK, C, K); 3521 : 1.1 (BK, BM); 3567 : 3.4 (BK, C, K); 3679 : 2.21 (BK, K); 3753 : 1.6 (BK, BM, C, K); 3763 : 1.1 (BM, C, K); 3771 : 1.26 (BK, BM); 3775 : 3.14 (BK, BM, K); 3778 : 4.1 (K); 3787 : 2.9 (BK, BM, K); 3791 : 1.6 (BK, BM, C, K); 3800 : 2.9 (BK, BM, K); 3801 : 1.26 (BK, BM); 3808 : 1.13 (BK, K); 3825 : 1.9 (BK); 3882 : 2.53 (BK, BM, C, K); 3916 : 1.10 (BK, BM, C, K); 3918 : 1.26 (BK, BM); 3919 : 1.26 (BK, BM); 3934 : 3.27 (BK, K); 3958 : 1.9 (BK, BM, C, K); 3975 : 3.10 (BK, BM, C, K); 4445 : 3.13 (BK, BM, K); 4523 : 3.9 (BK, BM, K); 4530 : 3.6 (BK, BM, K); 4533 : 3.9 (BM, K). Puudjaa P. 134 : 1.24 (BKF); 1000 : 2.4 (BKF); 1196 : 2.30 (BKF); 1225 : 2.1 (BKF); 1226 : 2.49 (BKF); 1233 : 2.36 (BKF); 1235 : 2.1 (BKF); 1238 : 2.48 (BKF); 1240 : 2.6 (BKF); 1241 : 2.6 (BKF); 1250 : 2.54 (BKF); 1356 : 2.16 (BKF); 1359 : 2.16 (BKF); 1404 : 2.53 (BKF); 1445 : 1.24 (BKF).QBG 3 : 3.11 (QBG); 33 : 1.1 (QBG); 87 : 1.17 (QBG); 222 : 1.4 (QBG); 798 : 1.4 (QBG); 934 : 1.11 (QBG); 1819 : 1.32 (QBG); 2001 : 1.11 (QBG); 2601 : 2.31 (QBG); 4288 : 1.17 (QBG); 4783 : 2.12 (QBG); 4784 : 2.12 (QBG); 5027 : 3.16.1 (QBG); 5550 : 3.10 (QBG); 5789 : 1.4 (QBG); 5969 : 3.21 (QBG); 5970 : 3.9 (QBG); 6123 : 3.20 (QBG); 6162 : 3.6 (QBG); 6546 : 1.4 (QBG); 6552 : 2.27 (QBG); 6583 : 1.4 (BKF, QBG); 6740 : 1.17 (QBG); 6765 : 1.17 (QBG); 6974 : 3.11 (QBG); 7058 : 1.17 (QBG); 9321 : 1.17 (QBG); 9424 : 3.26 (QBG); 9832 : 2.27 (QBG); 9956 : 1.11 (QBG); 10888 : 1.11 (QBG); 11058 : 1.11 (QBG); 11297 : 3.11 (QBG); 11298 : 3.15 (QBG); 11299 : 3.21 (QBG); 11300 : 3.9 (QBG); 11301 : 3.16.1 (QBG); 11302 : 1.4 (QBG); 11303 : 3.11 (QBG); 11304 : 2.22 (QBG); 11310 : 2.23 (QBG); 11306 : 1.11 (QBG); 11313 : 3.6 (QBG); 11314 : 1.17 (QBG); 11315 : 1.17 (QBG); 11317 : 1.11 (QBG); 11318 : 3.2.1 (QBG); 11320 : 3.27 (QBG); 31121 : 3.10 (QBG); 11322 : 1.4 (QBG); 15701 : 1.32 (BKF, QBG). Rabil 82 : 2.21 (BK, C, K); 88 : 1.11 (BK, BM, C, K); 178 : 2.18 (BK, C, K); 271 : 2.16 (BK); 352 : A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 169

2.55 (BK, C, K); 354 : 1.18 (BK, BM, C, K). Rock J.F. 1755 : 4.1 (K); 1830 : 1.6 (K). Rueang-iam T. 4 : 2.21 (AAU, BKF, C) Sadakorn J. 510 : 2.50 (BK); 534 : 1.26 (BK); 563 : 2.9 (BK); 624 : 1.26 (BK). Sangkhachand B. 3 : 2.16 (BKF); 4 : 2.21 (BKF, C, K); 7 : 2.22 (BKF); 8 : 2.50 (BKF); 15 : 2.50 (BKF); 19 : 2.16 (BKF); 29 : 2.49 (BKF); 34 : 1.1 (BKF); 39 : 3.24 (BKF); 42 : 2.16 (BKF); 64 : 1.26 (BKF); 78 : 1.32 (BKF); 94 : 3.16 (BKF); 95 : 2.16 (BKF); 99 : 1.3 (BKF); 107 : 1.22 (BKF, C); 108 : 2.21 (BKF, C, K); 125 : 2.16 (BKF); 116 : 2.34 (BKF); 145 : 1.23 (BKF); 146 : 1.23 (BKF); 214 : 2.29 (BKF, C, K); 273 : 2.36 (BKF, C, K); 356 : 1.19 (BKF); 379 : 2.42 (BKF); 446 : 1.23 (BKF); 842 : 3.10 (BKF, C, K); 859 : 1.27 (BKF, C); 988 : 2.16 (BKF); 1030 : 2.16 (BKF); 1053 : 2.48 (BKF, K); 1183 : 2.55 (BKF); 1221 : 2.55 (BKF, C, K); 1236 : 2.48 (BKF, K); 1243 : 2.39 (BKF); 1253 : 2.6 (BKF); 1352 : 2.55 (BKF); 1442 : 2.48 (AAU, BKF); 1525 : 1.18 (BKF, C, K); 1529 : 1.33 (BKF, C, K); 1532 : 2.21 (BKF); 1540 : 1.1 (BKF); 1659 : 3.11 (BKF, C, K); 3039 : 1.22 (BKF); 3051 : 1.17 (BKF, C); 3091 : 3.10 (BKF, C); 3091 : 3.10 (BKF, C); 3125 : 1.4 (BKF); 3217 : 1.19 (BKF). Sangkhachand P. 94 : 2.16 (BK); 135 : 1.19 (BK); 152 : 1.11 (BK); 215 : 2.25 (BK); 371 : 2.4 (BK); 413 : 2.48 (BK); 491 : 2.55 (BK); 762 : 2.16 (BK); 847 : 2.39 (BK); 850 : 3.16.1 (BK); 851 : 2.47 (BK); 861 : 1.10 (BK); 892 : 1.17 (BK); 893 : 1.9 (BK); 897 : 2.47 (BK); 903 : 1.9 (BK); 945 : 3.16.1 (BK); 946 : 2.47 (BK); 947 : 2.47 (BK); 953 : 1.26 (BK); 954 : 1.26 (BK); 966 : 2.12 (BK); 967 : 3.16.1 (BK); 968 : 2.16 (BK); 1090 : 2.50 (BK); 1091 : 2.51 (BK); 1092 : 3.2.2 (BK); 1177 : 3.16.1 (BK); 1354 : 1.22 (BK); 1464 : 3.27 (BK); 1663 : 2.21 (BK); 1843 : 1.33 (BK); 1860 : 2.48 (BK); 2101 : 2.50 (BK); 2115 : 3.7 (BK); 2116 : 2.50 (BK); 2117 : 3.2.2 (BK). Santisuk Th. et al. 17 : 2.54 (BKF); 23 : 2.21 (BKF); 62 : 2.25 (BKF); 333 : 2.53 (BKF); 372 : 1.3 (BKF); 401 : 3.9 (BKF); 405 : 1.18 (BKF, C, K); 421 : 2.21 (BKF, C, K); 441 : 1.18 (BKF); 482 : 2.21 (BKF, C, K); 483 : 2.21 (BKF, K); 484 : 2.21 (BKF, K); 736 : 2.7 (BKF); 831 : 2.53 (BKF); 889 : 1.23 (BKF, PSU); 1011 : 3.15 (BKF); 1018 : 1.4 (BKF); 1079 : 2.54 (BKF); 1080 : 2.2 (BKF); 1081 : 3.27 (BKF); 1084 : 1.10 (BKF); 1087 : 3.9 (BKF, PSU); 1115 : 3.6 (BKF, PSU); 1139 : 3.15 (BKF); 1168 : 2.19 (BKF); 1183 : 2.48 (BKF, PSU); 1210 : 2.21 (BKF); 1242 : 2.16 (BKF, PSU); 1282 : 1.23 (BKF); 1284 : 2.19(BKF, PSU); 1451 : 1.1 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 1457 : 1.11 (BKF, C, K); 1484 : 3.11 (AAU, BKF); 1516 : 3.6 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 1517 : 3.9 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 1521 : 1.10 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 1603 : 3.6 (BKF); 6665 : 1.1 (BKF); 6678 : 3.10 (BKF); 6684 : 2.16 (BKF); 6700 : 3.10 (BKF); 6831 : 1.19 (BKF); 6840 : 3.3 (BKF); 6922 : 1.28 (BKF); s.n. (8-4-1982) : 1.23 (BKF); s.n. (20-10-1982) : 1.10 (BKF); s.n. (11-4-1987) : 1.23 (BKF); s.n. (4-6-1987) : 3.23 (BKF); s.n. (9-6-1987) : 2.1 (BKF); s.n. (23-7-1987) : 2.1 (BKF); s.n. (20-10-1987) : 2.27 (BKF); s.n. (20-10-1987) : 2.22 (BKF); s.n. (20-10-1987) : 2.27 (BKF); s.n. (20-10-1987) : 1.11 (BKF); s.n. (20-10-1987) : 1.3 (BKF); s.n. (21-7-1990) : 1.23 (BKF); s.n. (5-5-1992) : 1.11 (BKF); s.n. (11-6-1994) : 1.9 (BKF); s.n. (10-12-1994) : 2.7 (BKF). Sawongto M. s.n. (15-1-1977) : 2.25 (BKF). Schmidt J. 395 : 3.27 (C); 426 : 1.19 (C); 534 : 1.23 (C); 586 : 2.42 (C); 688 : 3.27 (C); 718 : 1.19 (C); 841 : 3.18 (C). Seidenfaden G. 2584 : 1.18 (C); 2623 : 2.49 (C, K). Shimizu T. et al. T-02940 : 3.13 (BKF, KYO); T-10140 : 3.13 (BKF, KYO); T-11725 : 1.11 (BKF, KYO); T-11727 : 3.22 (BKF, KYO); T-18126 : 3.16.1 (BKF, KYO); T-18620 : 1.1 (AAU, BKF, C, K, KYO); T-19198 : 1.3 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-20447 : 2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-20587 : 2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-20699 : 1….. (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-20940 : 3.13 (AAU, KYO); T-21057 : 3.13 (BKF, KYO); T-22644 : 3.22 (BKF, KYO); T-22953 : 3.2.2 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-26892 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-26910 : 2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-28562 : 3.2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-28608 : 2.22 (BKF, KYO); T-28830 : 2.54 (BKF, KYO). Singhasatit S. 76 : 3.11 (BKF); 130 : 2.31 (BKF); 152 : 2.23 (BKF); 230 : 3.11 (BKF); 287 : 2.23 (BKF); 288 : 2.39 (BKF); 419 : 1.10 (BKF); ); 433 : 2.27 (BKF); ); 445 : 1.32 (BKF); 477 : 1.3 (BKF). 170 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Siriphum S. et al. QBG-9923 : 1.11 (QBG); QBG-9925 : 1.3 (QBG). Sirirugsa P. 231 : 2.16 (PSU); 908 : 2.8 (PSU). Smitinand T. et al. 102 : 3.10 (BKF); 102A : 3.11 (BKF); 104 : 2.16 (BKF); 180 : 1.5 (BKF); 195 : 2.2 (BKF); 346 : 3.10 (BKF); 374 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 405 : 3.9 (BKF); 414 : 3.10 (BKF); 456 : 2.50 (BKF); 565 : 2.51 (BKF); 615 : 2.48 (BKF); 757 : 2.55 (BKF); 780 : 1.2 (BKF); 830 : 2.40 (BKF); 846 : 2.55 (BKF); 862 : 3.21 (BKF); 1053 : 3.8 (BKF); 1070 : 2.50 (BKF); 1073 : 3.23 (BKF); 1076 : 2.56 (BKF); 1085 : 2.56 (BKF); 1130 : 1.9 (BKF); 1154 : 3.22 (BKF); 1155 : 2.25 (BKF); 1175 : 3.22 (BKF); 1193 : 3.2.1 (BKF); 1194 : 3.2.2 (BKF); 1206 : 3.10 (BKF); 1249 : 3.1 (BKF); 1356 : 2.42 (BKF); 1376 : 1.23 (BKF); 1571 : 3.11 (BKF); 1631 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 1639 : 2.16 (BKF); 1640 : 2.2 (BKF); 1646 : 1.4 (BKF); 1647 : 1.26 (BKF); 1648 : 3.11 (BKF); 1723 : 1.32 (BKF); 1780 : 2.51 (BKF); 1781 : 1.7 (BKF); 1805 : 2.51 (BKF, K); 1806 : 1.9 (BKF, C, K); 1806A : 1.9 (BKF); 1809 : 3.1 (BKF); 1809A : 3.1 (BKF); 1831 : 1.19 (BKF); 1832 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 1853 : 1.32 (BKF); 1854 : 3.2.1 (BKF); 1855 : 3.29 (BKF); 1875 : 3.23 (BKF); 1900 : 2.51 (BKF); 1916 : 2.50 (BKF); 1985 : 1.1 (BKF); 2018 : 1.11 (BKF); 2279 : 2.6 (BKF); 2330 : 2.5 (BKF); 2331 : 2.42 (BKF); 2332 : 2.38 (BKF); 2335 : 2.40 (BKF); 2430 : 1.2 (BKF); 2490 : 1.32 (BKF); 2491 : 1.1 (BKF); 2493 : 2.12 (BKF); 2496 : 3.2.1 (BKF); 2504 : 3.2.1 (BKF); 2505 : 3.9 (BKF); 2507 : 3.22 (BKF); 2508 : 3.22 (BKF); 2510 : 3.22 (BKF); 2516 : 3.22 (BKF); 2518 : 2.12 (BKF); 2548 : 2.16 (BKF); 2562 : 3.11 (BKF); 2565 : 3.28 (BKF); 2568 : 2.41 (BKF); 2569 : 1.4 (BKF); 2570 : 3.10 (BKF); 2573 : 3.28 (BKF); 2576 : 2.12 (BKF); 2577 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 2578 : 2.12 (BKF); 2585 : 3.11 (BKF); 2598 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 2615 : 2.53 (BKF); 2619 : 3.2.1 (BKF); 2623 : 3.11 (BKF); 2630 : 1.17 (BKF); 2632 : 1.17 (BKF); 2662 : 3.8 (BKF); 2663 : 3.28 (BKF); 2664 : 3.11 (BKF); 2665 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 2669 : 3.23 (BKF); 2671 : 2.53 (BKF); 2672 : 3.1 (BKF); 2679 : 2.9 (BKF); 2681 : 2.12 (BKF); 2683 : 2.51 (BKF); 2695 : 2.49 (BKF); 2698 : 3.28 (BKF); 2701 : 3.11 (BKF); 2727 : 1.3 (BKF); 2739 : 3.11 (BKF); 2748 : 2.27 (BKF); 2753 : 2.39 (BKF); 2778 : 1.1 (BKF); 2779 : 1.26 (BKF); 2780 : 2.2 (BKF); 2781 : 3.27 (BKF); 2784 : 2.2 (BKF); 2826 : 2.36 (BKF); 2863 : 2.21 (BKF); 2923 : 1.18 (BKF); 2974 : 1.33 (BKF); 2982 : 1.18 (BKF); 2997 : 2.48 (BKF); 3028 : 2.8 (BKF); 3099 : 2.12 (BKF); 3194 : 3.5 (BKF); 3298 : 1.32 (BKF); 3320 : 2.55 (BKF); 3321 : 1.19 (BKF); 3385 : 2.21 (BKF); 3409 : 2.54 (BKF); 3463 : 2.54 (BKF); 3721 : 2.47 (BKF); 2728 : 2.47 (BKF); 3746 : 2.47 (BKF); 3754 : 1.17 (BKF); 3757 : 3.6 (BKF); 4100 : 2.39 (BKF); 4215 : 2.32 (BKF); 4242 : 3.8 (BKF); 4242A : 3.8 (BKF); 4330 : 2.53 (BKF); 4336 : 1.6 (BKF); 4391 : 3.21 (BKF); 4392 : 2.39 (BKF); 4399 : 2.2 (BKF); 4568 : 2.20 (BKF); 4739 : 3.8 (BKF, C, K); 4749 : 3.13 (BKF, K); 4821 : 2.20 (BKF); 4935 : 2.41 (BKF); 4977 : 3.23 (BKF); 5001 : 3.23 (BKF); 5029 : 3.22 (BKF); 5235 : 3.21 (BKF); 5476 : 1.1 (BKF); 5478 : 3.5 (BKF); 5511 : 3.22 (BKF); 5523 : 3.11 (BKF); 5537 : 3.11 (BKF); 5542 : 1.7 (BKF); 5596 : 2.21 (BKF); 5943 : 1.9 (BKF); 6041 : 1.26 (BKF); 6068 : 1.1 (BKF); 6118 : 3.2.2 (BKF, K); 6119 : 3.2.1 (BKF, K); 6126 : 1.18 (BKF); 6289 : 3.17 (BKF); 6290 : 3.17 (BKF); 6314 : 2.25 (BKF); 6315 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 6316 : 3.11 (BKF); 6319 : 1.17 (BKF); 6580 : 2.8 (BKF); 6582 : 2.8 (BKF); 6604 : 3.11 (BKF, K); 6605 : 1.2 (BKF); 6625 : 1.7 (BKF); 6627 : 3.3 (BKF); 6640 : 2.1 (BKF); 6667 : 3.19 (BKF); 6703 : 1.26 (BKF); 6734 : 1.32 (BKF, K); 6742 : 3.6 (BKF, K); 6755 : 2.1 (BKF); 6780 : 3.8 (BKF); 6781 : 3.8 (BKF, K); 6784 : 3.13 (BKF, K); 6785 : 3.26 (BKF, K); 6799 : 3.4 (BKF, K); 6973 : 1.2 (BKF); 6978 : 1.15 (BKF); 7013 : 3.29 (BKF); 7016 : 3.24 (BKF); 7051 : 2.49 (BKF); 7063 : 3.4 (BKF); 7064 : 2.22 (BKF); 7114 : 2.21 (BKF); 7176 : 1.1 (BKF); 7187 : 3.2.1 (BKF); 7202 : 1.1 (BKF); 7290 : 2.56 (BKF); 7321 : 3.13 (BKF); 7395 : 3.10 (BKF); 7398 : 2.32 (BKF); 7440 : 2.20 (BKF); 7484 : 1.1 (BKF); 7517 : 2.20 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 7553 : 2.49 (BKF, K); 7564 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 7565 : 2.39 (BKF); 7566 : 1.3 (BKF); 7575 : 2.2 (BKF); 7579 : 3.21 (BKF); 7584 : 3.4 (BKF); 7608 : 1.6 (BKF); 7610 : 1.6 (BKF); 7619 : 3.24 (BKF); 7629 : 2.56 (BKF); 7659 : 2.56 (BKF, C); 7694 : 1.1 (BKF); 7710 : 3.24 (BKF); 7716 : 1.2 (BKF); 7799 : 3.8 (BKF); 7800 : 3.13 (BKF); 7833 : 3.8 (BKF); 7847 : 2.16 (BKF); 7870 : 2.49 (BKF); 7885 : 3.17 (BKF); 7919 : 3.23 (BKF); 7930 : 2.20 (BKF); 8098 : 2.25 (BKF); 8340 : 2.56 (BKF); 8364 : 3.16.1 (BKF, K); 8421 : 2.20 (BKF, C, K); 8573 : 1.4 (BKF); 8579 : 2.22 (BKF); 8607 : 1.4 (BKF); 8633 : 3.27 (BKF); 8705 : 3.21 (BKF); 8735 : 2.53 (BKF); 8768 : 1.1 (BKF); 8941 : 1.18 (BKF); 8973 : 2.48 (BKF); 10061 : 2.7 (BKF); 10073 : 3.22 (BKF); 10074 : 2.6 (BKF); 10077 : 3.23 (BKF); 10106 : 2.20 (BKF); 10109 : 2.7 (BKF); 10117 : 3.28 (BKF); 10157 : 3.28 (BKF); 10161 : 2.49 (BKF, K); 10162 : 2.51 (BKF); 10250 : 3.7 (BK, BKF); 10256 : 4.1 (BKF, L); 10292 : 2.1 (BKF); 10321 : 3.3 (BK, BKF, K); 10326 : 3.3 (BK, BKF, C, K); 10327 : 3.7 (BKF, C, K); 10341 : 2.12 (BKF, C, K); 10452 : A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 171

2.20 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 10470 : 3.2.2 (BKF); 10483 : 2.55 (BKF); 10494 : 2.39 (BKF); 10539 : 2.21 (BKF); 10610 : 1.13 (BKF); 10611 : 1.32 (BKF); 10664 : 2.11 (BKF); 10825 : 4.1 (AAU, BKF, K); 11007 : 2.55 (BKF); 11206 : 3.29 (BKF); 11515 : 2.6 (BKF); 11596 : 3.11 (BKF); 11597 : 2.12 (BKF); 11611 : 2.21 (BKF); 11678 : 2.55 (BKF); 11683 : 2.39 (BKF, C); 11684 : 2.12 (BKF, K); 11685 : 3.28 (BKF); 11688 : 3.11 (BKF); 11709 : 2.48 (BKF); 11723 : 3.19 (BKF); 11730 : 2.18 (BKF); 11744 : 2.6 (BKF); 11823 : 2.39 (BKF); 11823A : 2.16 (BKF); 11835 : 2.47 (BKF); 11854 : 2.23 (BKF); 11860 : 3.28 (BKF); 11872 : 3.23 (BKF); 11898 : 3.2.1 (BKF); 11915 : 1.17 (BKF); 11926 : 2.39 (BKF); 11933 : 2.10 (BKF, PSU); 11967 : 2.18 (BKF); 11968 : 2.55(BKF); 12002 : 3.17 (BKF); 12021 : 3.3 (BKF); 12084 : 2.47 (BKF); 12086 : 1.13 (BKF); 12087 : 3.9 (BKF); 12146 : 2.54 (BKF); 12154 : 2.19 (BKF); 12174 : 2.54 (BKF); 12212 : 3.8 (BKF); 81-5 : 1.23 (BKF, K); 86-9 : 1.32 (BKF); 88-1 : 2.53 (BKF, PSU, QBG); 88- 42 : 2.53 (BKF); 88-76 : 3.15 (BKF); 88-194 : 1.2 (BKF); 89-22 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 89-24 : 2.39 (BKF); 89-28 : 2.16 (BKF); 90-1 : 3.10 (BKF); 90-24 : 2.22 (BKF); 90-27 : 1.28 (BKF); 90-28 : 3.20 (BKF); 90-41 : 3.10 (BKF); 90-46 : 2.31 (BKF); 90-68 : 3.9 (BKF); 90-69 : 3.6 (BKF); 90- 70 : 3.27 (BKF); 90-73 : 1.12 (BKF); 90-74 : 1.3 (BKF); 90-75 : 3.11 (BKF); 90-76 : 2.16 (BKF); 90-77 : 1.32 (BKF); 90-78 : 2.27 (BKF); 90-79 : 2.50 (BKF); 90-80 : 1.12 (BKF); 90-82 : 3.20 (BKF); 90-84 : 1.4 (BKF); 90-86 : 2.2 (BKF); 90-87 : 2.31 (BKF); 90-90 : 1.28 (BKF); 90- 91 : 3.27 (BKF); 90-92 : 3.3 (BKF); 90-95 : 1.3 (BKF); 90-138 : 2.16 (BKF); 90-140 : 3.22 (BKF); 90-174 : 2.47 (BKF); 90-176 : 1.32 (BKF); 90-177 : 1.1 (BKF); 90-187 : 2.39 (BKF); 90-190 : 1.3 (BKF); 90-191 : 3.10 (BKF); 90-193 : 2.53 (BKF); 90-194 : 1.2 (BKF); 90-196 : 3.9 (BKF); 90-197 : 2.2 (BKF); 90-198 : 1.25 (BKF); 90-203 : 2.16 (BKF); 90-215 : 3.9 (BKF); 90-221 : 1.22 (BKF); 90-226 : 1.27 (BKF); 90-233 : 2.27 (BKF, QBG, PSU); 90-234 : 3.11 (BKF); 90-235 : 3.11 (BKF); 90-236 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 90-237 : 3.11 (BKF); 90-238 : 3.6 (BKF); 90-252 : 2.22 (BKF); 90-253 : 3.27 (BKF); 90-257 : 1.17 (BKF); 90-258 : 3.11 (BKF); 90-259 : 2.16 (BKF); 90-264 : 2.25 (BKF); 90-265 : 1.23 (BKF); 91-22 : 1.32 (BKF); 91-35 : 3.17 (BKF); 91-63 : 2.16 (BKF); 92-12 : 2.32 (BKF); 92-13 : 3.15 (BKF); 92-28 : 1.24 (BKF); 92-31 : 2.49 (BKF); s.n. (24-6-1951) : 3.11 (BKF); s.n. (24-12-1952) : 1.32 (BKF); s.n. (5-1-1954) : 3.6 (BKF); s.n. (24-6-1954) : 3.10 (BKF); s.n. (29-6-1954) : 1.1 (BKF); s.n. (29-6-1954) : 2.39 (BKF); s.n. (12-8-1954) : 3.29 (BKF); s.n. (2-9-1954) : 3.2.3 (BKF); s.n. (9-7-1975) : 1.22 (BKF); s.n. (16-8-1955) : 1.2 (BKF); s.n. (23-8-1955) : 2.21 (BKF); s.n. (14-2-1961) : 3.16.1 (BKF); s.n. (10-11-1962) : 3.13 (BKF); s.n. (6-3-1971) : 3.2.1 (BKF); s.n. (12-12-1973) : 2.22 (BKF); s.n. (26-1-1977) : 2.1 (BKF); s.n. (27-1-1977) : 2.53 (BKF); s.n. (27-1-1977) : 1.4 (BKF); s.n. (27-1-1977) : 2.22 (BKF); s.n. (5-4-1978) : 1.6 (BKF); s.n. (28-10-1979) : 2.41 (BKF); s.n. (13-3-1980) : 2.12 (BKF); s.n. (13-3-1980) : 2.55 (BKF); s.n. (23-3-1980) : 3.28 (BKF); s.n. (24-3-1980) : 3.28 (BKF); s.n. (25-3-1980) : 1.1 (BKF); s.n. (25-3-1980) : 2.41 (BKF); s.n. (25-3-1980) : 2.23 (BKF); s.n. (20-5-1980) : 3.1 (BKF); s.n. (9-5-1981) : 2.54 (BKF); s.n. (18-12-1981) : 1.1 (BKF); s.n. (10-10-1982) : 1.17 (BKF); s.n. (1-6-1983) : 1.33 (BKF); *s.n. (22-6-1983) : 1.25 (BKF); s.n. (23-6-1983) : 2.47 (BKF); s.n. (23-6-1983) : 3.2.1 (BKF); s.n. (24-6-1983) : 2.49 (BKF); s.n. (4-12-1983) : 1.9 (BKF); s.n. (5-12-1983) : 1.2 (BKF); s.n. (6-5-1985) : 3.10 (BKF); s.n. (6-5-1985) : 2.39 (BKF); s.n. (9-5-1987) : 3.4 (BKF); s.n. (23-7-1987) : 3.29 (BKF); s.n. (7-10-1987) : 2.53 (BKF); s.n. (9-10-1987) : 2.53 (BKF); s.n. (9-10-1987) : 2.49 (BKF); s.n. (10-10-1987) : 2.47 (BKF); s.n. (10-10-1987) : 2.39 (BKF); s.n. (10-10-1987) : 1.3 (BKF); s.n. (10-10-1987) : 3.10 (BKF); s.n. (10-10-1987) : 3.10 (BKF); s.n. (10-10-1987) : 3.11 (BKF); s.n. (19-10-1987) : 3.9 (BKF); s.n. (6-2-1988) : 2.49 (BKF); s.n. (7-2-1988) : 2.2 (BKF); s.n. (7-3-1988) : 2.39 (BKF); s.n. (14-5-1988) : 1.25 (BKF); s.n. (14-5-1988) : 1.22 (BKF); s.n. (23-11-1988) : 1.7 (BKF); s.n. (23-11-1988) : 2.53 (BKF); s.n. (23-11-1988) : 2.16 (BKF); s.n. (10-3-1989) : 2.20 (BKF); s.n. (15-7-1989) : 3.10 (BKF); s.n. (15-7-1989) : 1.27 (BKF); s.n. (16-7-1989) : 3.17 (BKF); s.n. (16-7-1989) : 3.11 (BKF); s.n. (16-7-1989) : 3.4 (BKF); s.n. (17-7-1989) : 1.32 (BKF); s.n. (25-7-1989) : 1.9 (BKF); s.n. (25- 7-1989) : 1.10 (BKF); s.n. (13-3-1990) : 3.27 (BKF); s.n. (20-5-1990) : 2.18 (BKF); s.n. (20-5- 1990) : 1.10 (BKF); s.n. (20-5-1990) : 3.27 (BKF); s.n. (20-5-1990) : 3.10 (BKF); s.n. (20-5- 1990) : 3.6 (BKF); s.n. (28-2-1991) : 3.15 (BKF); s.n. (1-3-1991) : 3.20 (BKF, PSU, QBG); s.n. (11-3-1991) : 3.24 (BKF); s.n. (11-3-1991) : 3.3 (BKF); s.n. (18-7-1993) : 2.16 (BKF); s.n. (8- 1-1994) : 2.22 (BKF); s.n. (8-1-1994) : 1.3 (BKF); s.n. (8-1-1994) : 1.17 (BKF); s.n. (8-1-1994) : 1.10 (BKF); s.n. (8-1-1994) : 3.9 (BKF); s.n. (18-12-1994) : 1.28 (BKF); s.n. (13-8-1995) : 1.32 (BKF); s.n. (13-3-1997) : 3.3 (BKF); s.n. (13-11-1997) : 1.10 (BKF). Soejarto D.D. et al. 5978 : 1.33 (BKF). 172 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

S¯rensen Th et al. 164 : 2.25 (BKF, C); 550 : 1.23 (C); 885 : 1.1 (BKF, C); 954 : 3.11 (BKF, C); 957 Sørensen Th: 3.10 et al.(C); 985164 :: 1.32.25 (C, (BKF, K); 1001C); 550 : 1.10 : 1.23 (C); (C);1006 885 : 1.12 : 1.1 (C); (BKF, 1009 C); : 2.53 954 (BKF,: 3.11 C);(BKF, 1010 C); : 2.47957 (BKF,: 3.10 (C);C); 1013985 :: 1.32.39 (C, (BKF, K); 1001C, K); : 1.101286 (C); : 3.8 1006 (BKF, : 1.12 C); 1565(C); 1009: 1.6 :(BKF, 2.53 (BKF,C); 1599 C); : 10102.53 (BKF,: 2.47 C);(BKF, 1740 C); : 10132.7 (C); : 2.39 1742 (BKF, : 3.6 C, (BKF); K); 1286 1806 : 3.8 : 2.2 (BKF, (BKF, C); C);1565 2212 : 1.6 : 3.22(BKF, (C); C); 2404 1599 : : 3.2.12.53 (BKF, C,C); K);1740 2537 : 2.7 : 1.10(C); 1742(BKF, : 3.6C); (BKF);2572 : 3.101806 (BKF,: 2.2 (BKF,C); 3590 C); 2212: 2.39 : (C);3.22 2645(C); 2404: 2.47 : 3.2.1(C); 2653(BKF, : 2.47C, K); (C); 2537 2660 : 1.10: 3.11 (BKF, (C); 2661C); 2572 : 3.16.1 : 3.10 (C); (BKF, 3684 C); : 2.39 3590 (BKF, : 2.39 C); (C); 2696 2645 : 1.32 : 2.47 (C); (C); 2803 2653 : 1.1 : (C);2.47 2825(C); 2660: 1.1 :(C); 3.11 2861 (C); :2661 3.10 : (BKF,3.16.1 C); (C); 2862 3684 : 2.27: 2.39 (C); (BKF, 2870 C); : 3.212696 (BKF,: 1.32 C);(C); 2883 2803 : :3.10 1.1 (C); 28252887 : 1.13.9 (C); 28612902 : 3.101.1 (BKF, (BKF, C); C); 2917 2862 : :1.10 2.27 (BKF, (C); 2870 C); 3070: 3.21 : 2.23(BKF, (BKF, C); 2883 C); 3237: 3.10 : 2.9(C); (C);2887 3239 : 3.9 : (C);2.50 2902(BKF, : 1.1C); (BKF,3303 :C); 3.10 2917 (BKF, : 1.10 C); (BKF,4338 :C); 2.51 3070 (C); : 2.233391 (BKF,: 3.11 C);(C); 3237 3427 : :2.9 1.1 (C); (C); 3239 3530 : : 2.501.1 (BKF,(BKF, C);C); 3767 3303 : :1.32 3.10 (BKF, (BKF, K); C); 4803 4338 : 2.39: 2.51 (C, (C); K); 33913894 :: 3.113.11 (C);(C); 34274188 : 1.13.8 (C);(BKF, 3530 C); : 41931.1 (BKF, : 3.8 C);(C); 3767 4393 : 1.32: 2.51 (BKF, (C); K);4427 4803 : 3.10 : 2.39 (C); (C, 4738 K); :3894 3.10 :(C); 3.11 4815 (C); 4188: 1.3 (BKF,: 3.8 (BKF, C); 4972 C); 4193: 2.23 : (BKF);3.8 (C); 5259 4393 : :3.2.1 2.51 (C);(C); 53494427 :: 2.393.10 (BKF,(C); 4738 C); 5353: 3.10 : (C);3.10 4815(C); 5376: 1.3 :(BKF, 3.10 (BKF,C); 4972 C); : 53932.23 :(BKF); 3.10 (C); 5259 5394 : 3.2.1 : 3.10 (C); (C); 5349 5395 : 2.39 : 3.11 (BKF, (C); C);5395A 5353 : :3.10 3.10 (C); (C); 5397 5376 : :3.6 3.10 (C); (BKF, 5400 C);: 3.10 5393 (C); : 3.105401 (C);: 3.10 5394 (BKF, : 3.10 C); (C);5402 5395 : 1.3 : (C);3.11 5404 (C); :5395A 1.3 (C); : 3.105429 (C); : 2.27 5397 (C); : 54493.6 (C); : 3.10 5400 (C); : 3.10 5453 (C); : 3.105401 (C); : 3.10 5458 (BKF, : 1.26 C); (C);5402 5485 : 1.3 : (C);2.39 5404 (BKF, : 1.3C); (C); 5486 5429 : 2.23 : 2.27 (BKF); (C); 54875449 : 1.13.10 (C); (C); 5488 5453 : :1.12 3.10 (BKF, (C); 5458C); 5502 : 1.26 : 3.9(C); (C); 5485 5503 : 2.39 : 3.10 (BKF, (BKF, C); C);5486 5507 : 2.23 : 2.27 (BKF); (C); 55225487 : 1.1 (C); 55565488 : 1.122.39 (BKF,(C); 5559 C); :5502 1.1 (BKF,: 3.9 (C);C); 55605503 : 1.103.10 (C);(BKF, 5561 C); :5507 2.47 : (BKF,2.27 (C);C); 55635522 : 3.91.1 (C);(C); 55915556 :: 2.92.39 (BKF, (C); C,5559 K); : 56121.1 (BKF, : 3.10 C);(C); 5560 5661 : :1.10 2.39 (C); (C); 5561 5664 : : 2.472.47 (BKF,(C); 5667 C); 5563: 1.32 : (BKF,3.9 (C); C); 5591 5682 : 2.9: 3.10 (BKF, (C); C, 5690 K); :5612 1.32 :(C); 3.10 5700 (C); :5661 1.32 :(C); 2.39 5733 (C); :5664 1.17 :(BKF, 2.47 (C);C); 57365667 : 1.323.11 (BKF,(C); 5739 C); 5682: 1.2 :(C); 3.10 5744 (C); :5690 1.32 : (C);1.32 5750 (C); 5700: 1.32 : (C);1.32 5754(C); 5733: 1.3 :(C); 1.17 5755 (BKF, : 2.16C); 5736(C); 5806: 3.11 : (C);1.3 (BKF,5739 : C);1.2 5846(C); 5744: 1.32 : (C);1.32 5856 (C); :5750 1.5 (C);: 1.32 5953 (C); : 57542.53 (C);: 1.3 5957A (C); 5755 : 1.1 : (C);2.16 5960(C); :5806 1.1 (C);: 1.3 5971 (BKF, : 1.10C); 5846(C); 6021: 1.32 : (C);1.32 5856(C); 6031: 1.5 :(C); 3.10 5953 (C); : 60322.53 :(C); 3.9 5957A(C); 6217 : 1.1 : 3.4(C); (BKF, 5960 :C, 1.1 K); (C); 6223 5971 : 2.22 : 1.10 (BKF, (C); C); 6021 6225 : 1.32: 2.41 (C); (BKF, 6031 C); : 3.106267 (C);: 3.2.2 6032 (BKF, : 3.9 C, (C); K); 62176270 :: 3.43.1 (BKF, C, K); 62816223 : 3.42.22 (C); (BKF, 6519 C); : 1.16225 (BKF, : 2.41 C); (BKF, 6578 C); : 2.23 6267 (BKF, : 3.2.2 C, (BKF,K); 6586 C, K);: 1.1 6270 (BKF, : 3.1 C); (BKF, 6678 :C, 1.17 K); (BKF,6281 :C); 3.4 6845 (C); 6519: 2.53 : (BKF,1.1 (BKF, C, K); C); 6861 6578 : :1.10 2.23 (BKF, (BKF, C, C, K); K); 6867 6586 : :3.11 1.1 (BKF, C); 68756678 : 1.172.53 (BKF, C);C); 68456877 :: 2.531.17 (BKF,(C); 6878 C, K); : 1.17 6861 (C); : 1.10 6885 (BKF, : 2.47 C, (BKF, K); 6867 C); 7002: 3.11 : (BKF,3.2.1 (BKF,C); 6875 C, K);: 2.53 7092 (BKF, : 3.27 C); (BKF, 6877 C);: 1.17 7277 (C); : 1.106878 (C); : 1.17 7278 (C); : 1.16885 (C); : 2.477279 (BKF, : 3.9 (C);C); 70027280 : 3.2.12.47 (C);(BKF, 7281 C, :K); 3.10 7092 (C); : 3.277282 (BKF, : 3.10 C); (C); 7277 7285 : 1.10 : 3.11 (C); (C); 7278 7972 : 1.1 : 3.11(C); 7279(C); 7974: 3.9 :(C); 1.32 7280 (BKF); : 2.47 7975 (C); : 72811.17 (C);: 3.10 7978 (C); : 72821.1 (C); : 3.10 7982 (C); : 2.25 7285 (C); : 3.11 7983 (C); : 3.10 7972 (C); : 3.11 7984 (C); : 3.10 7974 (C); : 1.32 9359 (BKF); : 1.32 7975(BKF); : 1.17 s.n. (C);(6-10-1958) 7978 : 1.1 : 1.1 (C); (BKF). 7982 : 2.25 (C); 7983 : 3.10 (C); 7984 : 3.10 (C); 9359 : 1.32 (BKF); s.n. (6-10-1958) : 1.1 (BKF). Sri-sa-nga P. et al. 21 : 3.3 (BKF, QBG); 1008 : 2.55 (QBG); 1010 : 2.55 (BKF, QBG); 1011 : 1.32 Sri-sa-nga(QBG); P. et al.1818 21 : 3.11: 3.3 (BKF, (BKF, QBG) QBG); 1008 : 2.55 (QBG); 1010 : 2.55 (BKF, QBG); 1011 : 1.32 (QBG); 1818 : 3.11 (BKF, QBG) Sucheera s.n. (QBG 10888) : 1.1 (QBG). Sucheera s.n. (QBG 10888) : 1.1 (QBG). Suddee S. 34 : 3.10 (BKF); 62 : 1.3 (BKF); 217 : 3.6 (BKF); 312 : 3.11 (BKF). Suddee S. 34 : 3.10 (BKF); 62 : 1.3 (BKF); 217 : 3.6 (BKF); 312 : 3.11 (BKF). Sukkri B. 19 : 3.11 (BKF). Sukkri B. 19 : 3.11 (BKF). Suksathan P. 1175 : 3.26 (QBG); 1127 : 3.26 (QBG); 1420 : 1.11 (BKF, QBG); 1435 : 1.25 (QBG); Suksathan1679 P. : 3.16.1 1175 :(QBG); 3.26 (QBG); 2562 : 13.5127 (QBG); : 3.26 2708(QBG); : 1.1 1420 (BKF, : 1.11 QBG); (BKF, 2737 QBG); : 2.49 1435 (BKF, : 1.25QBG); (QBG); 2874 :1679 3.8 (QBG);: 3.16.1 2892(QBG); : 3.4 2562 (BKF, : 3.5 QBG). (QBG); 2708 : 1.1 (BKF, QBG); 2737 : 2.49 (BKF, QBG); 2874 : 3.8 (QBG); 2892 : 3.4 (BKF, QBG). Suthisorn S. 534 : 3.16.1 (BK); 715 : 2.16 (BK); 1085 : 2.21 (BK); 1153 : 2.16 (BK); 1259 : 1.26 Suthisorn(BK); S. 1507 534 : : 2.23.16.1 (BK); (BK); 1519 715 : 2.2 : 2.16(BK); (BK); 1580 1085 : 3.4 : (QBG);2.21 (BK); 2241 1153 : 2.21 : 2.16(BK); (BK); 2360 1259: 1.8 :(BK); 1.26 (BK);2501 : 15072.16 (BK);: 2.2 (BK);2514 :1519 1.22 : (BK);2.2 (BK); 2570 1580: 1.1 :(BK); 3.4 (QBG); 2623 : 22413.16.1 : (BK);2.21 (BK); 2638 2360: 1.9 (BK);: 1.8 (BK);3274 :2501 1.6 (BK);: 2.16 (BK);3388 :2514 2.21 :(BKF); 1.22 (BK); 3402 2570 : 2.55 : 1.1 (BK); (BK); 3551 2623 : 2.25: 3.16.1 (BK); (BK); 3626 2638 : 2.16 : 1.9 (BK); (BK); 3748 3274 : 2.21: 1.6 (BK);(BK); 41053388 :: 2.162.21 (BK);(BKF); 4116 3402 : 2.47: 2.55 (BK); (BK); 4198 3551 : 2.47: 2.25 (BK). (BK); 3626 : 2.16 (BK); 3748 : 2.21 (BK); 4105 : 2.16 (BK); 4116 : 2.47 (BK); 4198 : 2.47 (BK). Suvanakoses P. 1 : 1.1 (BKF); 100 : 1.1 (BKF); 101 : 1.2 (BKF); 102 : 1.1 (BKF); 103 : 2.23 (BKF); Suvanakoses104 : P.1.32 (BKF);1 : 1.1 (BKF);106 : 3.11 100 (BKF);: 1.1 (BKF); 109 : 1011.4 (BKF);: 1.2 (BKF); 110 : 1021.32 : (BKF);1.1 (BKF); 113 103: 1.3 : 2.23(BKF); (BKF); 120 :104 2.48 : 1.32(BKF); (BKF); 122 :106 2.55 : 3.11(BKF); (BKF); 196 : 1092.9 :(BKF); 1.4 (BKF); 695 : 1102.55 : (BKF);1.32 (BKF); 878 : 2.55113 :(BKF); 1.3 (BKF); 899 : 1201.2 :(BKF); 2.48 (BKF); 901: 2.12122 :(BKF); 2.55 (BKF); 931: 1.12196 :(BKF); 2.9 (BKF); 936 695: 3.27 : 2.55 (BKF); (BKF); 974 878 : 2.47 : 2.55 (BKF); (BKF); 975 899 : :2.47 1.2 (BKF); 980901: : 2.122.39 (BKF); 983931: : 2.471.12 (BKF);(BKF); 1038936 : 3.273.11 (BKF);(BKF); 1083974 :: 2.472.16 (BKF); 1104975 :: 2.473.11 (BKF); 1258980 : :2.39 2.23 (BKF); (BKF); 983 1259 : 2.47: 1.10 (BKF); (BKF); 1038 1260 : 3.11: 2.9 (BKF);(BKF); 10831434 :: 2.162.25 (BKF); 11041435 : 3.113.10 (BKF); 15081258 : 2.252.23 (BKF); 16201259 :: 2.211.10 (BKF,(BKF); C, 1260 K); 1852: 2.9 (BKF);: 2.55 (BKF, 1434 C,: 2.25 K); (BKF);1865 : 2.551435 (BKF); : 3.10 (BKF);2131 : 2.551508 (BKF).: 2.25 (BKF); 1620 : 2.21 (BKF, C, K); 1852 : 2.55 (BKF, C, K); 1865 : 2.55 (BKF); 2131 : 2.55 (BKF). Suvanasutdhi K. 10 : 1.10 (BKF); 11 : 2.23 (BKF); 13 : 2.27 (BKF); 19 : 3.27 (BKF); 20 : 3.9 (BKF); Suvanasutdhi23 : 2.22 K. (BKF); 10 : 1.10 112 (BKF); : 1.5 (BKF); 11 : 2.23 121 (BKF); : 3.10 13(BKF); : 2.27 165 (BKF); : 1.1 19(BKF); : 3.27 189 (BKF); : 2.16 20 (BKF);: 3.9 (BKF); 214 : 23 : 2.22 (BKF); 112 : 1.5 (BKF); 121 : 3.10 (BKF); 165 : 1.1 (BKF); 189 : 2.16 (BKF); 214 : A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 173

1.19 (BKF); 231 : 2.22 (BKF); 254 : 1.11 (BKF); 260 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 263 : 2.22 (BKF); 305 : 1.10 (BKF); 306 : 2.1 (BKF); 322 : 2.2 (BKF); 332 : 1.10 (BKF); 340 : 3.15 (BKF); 345 : 2.27 (BKF); 346 : 1.32 (BKF); 458 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 494 : 3.2.2 (BKF); 514 : 2.16 (BKF); 521 : 3.2.2 (BKF). Suvatabandhu K. 21 : 2.16 (BK); 58 : 1.9 (BK); 74 : 3.7 (BK, K); 77 : 2.16 (BK, K); 171 : 2.16 (K); 189 : 2.25 (BK). Tagawa M. et al. T-86 : 3.9 (BKF, KYO); T-927 : 2.50 (BKF, KYO); T-1526 : 2.1 (BKF, KYO); T- 9071 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-9148 : 1.11 (BKF, KYO); T-9152 : 2.31 (BKF, KYO). Takahashi H. et al. T-60581 : 1.1 (BKF, KYO); T-60606 : 2.51 (BKF, KYO); T-60608 : 1.1 (BKF, KYO); T-60619 : 2.39 (BKF, KYO); T-62966 : 1.17 (BKF, KYO); T-63313 : 2.16 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-63324 : 1.32 (BKF, KYO); T-63327 : 2.50 (BKF, KYO); T-63441 : 2.51 (BKF, KYO); T-63526 : 3.2.2 (BKF, KYO); T-63530 : 3.1 (BKF, KYO); T-63532 : 2.16 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-63534 : 1.32 (BKF, KYO); T-63536 : 2.50 (AAU, BKF, KYO); T-63538 : 2.51 (BKF, KYO); T-63539 : 1.32 (BKF, KYO). Tamura M.N. et al. ; T-60490 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-60493 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-60668 : 3.11 (BKF, KYO). Thaworn S. 9 : 3.27 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 334 : 2.21 (BKF); 447 : 2.1 (BKF); 454 : 1.33 (BKF); 642 : 2.21 (BKF); 747 : 2.21 (BKF); 798 : 2.18 (BKF); 1033 : 2.21 (BKF). Thananon N. 6 : 3.19 (BKF). Tressukhon U. s.n. (26-1-1980) : 1.1 (BKF). Vanpruk L. 56 : 3.27 (BKF); 86 : 1.4 (BKF); 164 : 2.2 (K); 458 : 2.2 (BKF); 700 : 2.21 (BKF, K); 833 : 1.23 (BKF). Vidal J.E. et al. 5340 : 1.10 (AAU); 6208 : 1.1 (AAU, BKF); 6210 : 3.14 (AAU, BKF, C, K); 6217 : 2.27 (AAU, BKF); 6224 : 3.16.2 (BKF, C, K); 6224A : 3.9 (K); 6308 : 1.10 (AAU, BKF); 6355 : 2.53 (AAU); s.n. (7-6-1979) : 2.37 (BKF). Wanakit S. 142 : 1.19 (BKF). Wanarak L.A. 19 : 1.12 (BK, K); s.n. (19-1-1925) : 1.22 (BK). Watthana S. et al. 23 : 3.12 (BKF, QBG); 28 : 1.3 (QBG); 113 : 1.11 (BKF, QBG); 200 : 3.27 (QBG); 277 : 2.7 (BKF, QBG); 300 : 1.2 (BKF, QBG); 319 : 2.16 (QBG); 320 : 1.4 (BKF, QBG); 404 : 2.7 (QBG); 651 : 2.22 (QBG); 908 : 3.23 (BKF, QBG); 1021 : 3.2.1 (BKF, QBG); 1031 : 3.6 (BKF, QBG); 1319 : 4.1 (AAU); 1408 : 2.22 (QBG); 1413 : 1.32 (QBG); 96-5 : 1.11 (QBG); 97-2 : 2.27 (QBG); 98-1 : 4.1 (BKF, QBG); s.n. (27-10-1997) : 1.3 (QBG). Winit 269 : 3.27 (BKF); 305 : 3.10 (BM, K); 306 : 2.25 (BK, K); 307 : 3.11 (BM, K); 308 : 2.39 (K); 408 : 2.2 (K); 702 : 2.2 (BKF, K); 720 : 3.6 (BK, BKF, K); 764 : 2.47 (BKF, K); 786 : 3.29 (BK, BKF, K); 1141 : 3.11 (BKF, K); 1283 : 2.49 (BKF, K); 1299 : 3.11 (BKF); 1315 : 3.4 (BKF, K); 1351 : 1.1 (BK, BKF, K); 1374 : 3.27 (BK, BKF, K); 1790 : 3.11 (BK, BKF, K); 1963 : 2.49 (BK, BKF, K). Wongnak M. 56 : 1.11 (BKF, QBG); 57 : 3.6 (QBG); 109 : 1.4 (BKF, QBG); 110 : 3.6 (BKF, QBG); 111 : 1.22 (BKF, QBG); 112 : 3.6 (QBG); 113 : 3.10 (BKF, QBG); 114 : 2.23 (BKF, QBG); 115 : 2.27 (BKF, QBG); 116 : 2.27 (BKF, QBG); 150 : 2.25 (QBG); 151 : 1.32 (QBG, BKF); 152 : 3.6 (QBG); 153 : 3.11 (BKF, QBG). Wongprasert Th. 82-3-6 : 3.2.2 (BKF, C, K); 83-3-16 : 3.8 (BKF); 88-8-30 : 2.51 (BKF); 88-8-30A : 2.9 (BKF); 88-8-31 : 1.32 (BKF); 88-10-24 : 2.16 (BKF); *92-6-68 : 2.28 (BKF); 92-6-s.n. : 2.49 (BKF); 92-6-s.n. : 2.21 (BKF); 94-12-2 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 94-12-9 : 1.28 (BKF); 94-12-11 : 1.24 (BKF); 95-8-12 : 2.9 (BKF); 95-8-12A : 1.11 (BKF); 97-5-2 : 2.21 (BKF); 97-11-24 : 1.3 (BKF); 97-12-11 : 1.12 (BKF); 97-12-13 : 2.55 (BKF); 98-5-13 : 3.23 (BKF); 98-5-14 : 2.55 (BKF); 98-5-16 : 2.7 (BKF); 98-5-16A : 3.27 (BKF); 98-5-30 : 2.49 (BKF); 99-3-6 : 1.2 (BKF); 99-7-10 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 99-7-12 : 2.39 (BKF); 99-7-14 : 3.29 (BKF); 99-7-16 : 1.10 (BKF); 99- 7-16A : 1.32 (BKF); 99-7-20 : 2.50 (BKF); 99-8-22 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 99-10-19 : 1.4 (BKF); 00- 3-30 : 1.23 (BKF); 01-7-18 : 1.17 (BKF); 01-7-24 : 2.34 (BKF); 02-3-33 : 1.11 (BKF); 02-12- 174 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

15 : 2.32 (BKF); 02-12-16 : 1.12 (BKF); 02-12-17 : 2.53 (BKF); 02-12-18 : 1.12 (BKF); 02-12- 20 : 1.12 (BKF); 02-12-21 : 1.25 (BKF); 02-12-22 : 1.12 (BKF); 02-12-23 : 1.12 (BKF); 02-12- 24 : 1.2 (BKF); 02-12-34 : 1.9 (BKF); 02-12-35 : 1.7 (BKF); 02-12-38 : 2.22 (BKF); 02-12-39 : 1.9 (BKF); 02-12-41 : 1.32 (BKF); 02-12-42 : 1.9 (BKF); 02-12-44 : 1.32 (BKF); 02-12-45 : 1.32 (BKF); 02-12-48 : 1.32 (BKF); 02-12-49 : 1.32 (BKF); 02-12-51 : 1.32 (BKF); 02-12-61 : 1.4 (BKF); 03-1-04 : 3.1 (BKF); 03-1-05 : 1.9 (BKF); 03-1-06 : 2.7 (BKF); 03-1-07 : 2.7 (BKF); 03-1-08 : 2.22 (BKF); 03-1-09 : 3.1 (BKF); 03-1-10 : 1.9 (BKF); 03-1-11 : 2.22 (BKF); 03-1-12 : 1.9 (BKF); 03-1-13 : 2.2 (BKF); 03-1-14 : 1.9 (BKF); 03-1-15 : 2.22 (BKF); 03-1-16 : 3.11 (BKF); 03-1-28 : 2.9 (BKF); 03-1-29 : 1.9 (BKF); 03-1-30 : 2.9 (BKF); 03-1-31 : 2.9 (BKF); 03-1-32 : 2.9 (BKF); 03-1-33 : 1.1 (BKF); 03-1-34 : 1.1 (BKF); 03-1-35 : 2.9 (BKF); 03- 1-36 : 3.23 (BKF); 03-1-37 : 1.32 (BKF); 03-1-38 : 2.9 (BKF); 03-1-39 : 2.9 (BKF); 03-1-40 : 2.9 (BKF); 03-1-41 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-1-44 : 3.2.2 (BKF); 03-1-45 : 3.4 (BKF); 03-1-46 : 2.9 (BKF); 03-1-47 : 2.9 (BKF); 03-1-55 : 3.4 (BKF); 03-1-56 : 2.25 (BKF); 03-1-57 : 3.4 (BKF); 03-1-59 : 1.1 (BKF); 03-1-60 : 1.32 (BKF); 03-1-61 : 3.15 (BKF); 03-1-62 : 3.4 (BKF); 03-1- 63 : 3.4 (BKF); 03-1-64 : 3.3 (BKF); 03-1-65 : 3.4 (BKF); 03-1-66 : 3.3 (BKF); 03-1-67 : 2.13 (BKF); 03-1-68 : 2.13 (BKF); 03-1-69 : 3.6 (BKF); 03-1-70 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-1-71 : 3.2.1 (BKF); 03-1-72 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-1-73 : 3.1 (BKF); 03-1-74 : 1.9 (BKF); 03-1-75 : 1.1 (BKF); 03-1-76 : 2.93 (BKF); 03-1-77 : 1.25 (BKF); 03-1-78 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-1-79 : 2.7 (BKF); 03-1- 80 : 1.9 (BKF); 03-1-81 : 2.25 (BKF); 03-1-82 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-1-88 : 1.32 (BKF); 03-1-89 : 1.32 (BKF); 03-1-90 : 1.32 (BKF); 03-1-91 : 2.22 (BKF); 03-1-92 : 2.22 (BKF); 03-1-93 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-2-01 : 2.27 (BKF); 03-2-02 : 3.3 (BKF); 03-2-03 : 3.15 (BKF); 03-2-09 : 1.17 (BKF); 03-3-10 : 1.17 (BKF); 03-3-11 : 1.17 (BKF); 03-3-12 : 1.1 (BKF); 03-3-13 : 1.7 (BKF); 03-3- 16 : 1.17 (BKF); 03-3-17 : 2.9 (BKF); 03-3-18 : 3.20 (BKF); 03-3-19 : 3.9 (BKF); 03-3-20 : 3.29 (BKF); 03-3-21 : 1.25 (BKF); 03-3-22 : 1.7 (BKF); 03-3-23 : 2.53 (BKF); 03-3-24 : 1.7 (BKF); 03-3-25 : 1.4 (BKF); 03-3-29 : 1.1 (BKF); 03-3-30 : 2.54 (BKF); 03-3-31 : 2.53 (BKF); 03-3-32 : 2.54 (BKF); 03-3-33 : 2.12 (BKF); 03-3-34 : 2.39 (BKF); 03-3-35 : 2.53 (BKF); 03- 3-36 : 1.25 (BKF); 03-3-37 : 2.47 (BKF); 03-3-38 : 3.6 (BKF); 03-3-39 : 3.6 (BKF); 03-3-40 : 2.39 (BKF); 03-3-41 : 1.25 (BKF); 03-3-42 : 1.11 (BKF); 03-3-43 : 2.39 (BKF); 03-3-44 : 1.9 (BKF); 03-3-45 : 3.10 (BKF); 03-3-46 : 1.25 (BKF); 03-3-59 : 1.17 (BKF); 03-3-60 : 1.10 (BKF); 03-7-04 : 1.26 (BKF); 03-8-02 : 2.6 (BKF); 03-8-03 : 2.20 (BKF); 03-8-04 : 1.1 (BKF); 03-8-06 : 3.23 (BKF); 03-8-07 : 2.6 (BKF); 03-8-08 : 2.53 (BKF); 03-8-09 : 3.25 (BKF); 03-8- 12 : 1.1 (BKF); 03-8-15 : 2.25 (BKF); 03-8-16 : 1.32(BKF); 03-8-17 : 1.1 (BKF); 03-8-18 : 2.25 (BKF); 03-9-07 : 2.18 (BKF); 03-9-09 : 1.24 (BKF); 03-9-21 : 2.7 (BKF); 03-9-21A : 2.7 (BKF); 03-10-01 : 1.12 (BKF); 03-10-03 : 3.6 (BKF); 03-10-01 : 1.12 (BKF); 03-10-03 : 3.6 (BKF); 03-10-01 : 1.12 (BKF); 03-10-03 : 3.6 (BKF); 03-10-05 : 3.10 (BKF); 03-10-06 : 2.47 (BKF); 03-10-07 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-10-09 : 2.39 (BKF); 03-10-10 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-10-11 : 2.25 (BKF); 03-10-12 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-10-13 : 1.2 (BKF); 03-10-14 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-10-15 : 1.18 (BKF); 03-10-16 : 3.6 (BKF); 03-10-18 : 2.25 (BKF); 03-10-19 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-10-20 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-10-21 : 2.47 (BKF); 03-10-22 : 2.47 (BKF); 03-10-24 : 1.4 (BKF); 03-10-25 : 1.18 (BKF); 03-10-26 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-10-28 : 1.12 (BKF); 03-10-29 : 1.12 (BKF); 03-10-31 : 1.32 (BKF); 03-10-32 : 1.32 (BKF); 03-10-33 : 2.16 (BKF); 03-10-34 : 2.47 (BKF); 03-10-35 : 2.12 (BKF); 03-10-36 : 1.32 (BKF); 03-10-37 : 4.1 (BKF); 04-1-01 : 3.4 (BKF); 04-1-05 : 3.10 (BKF); 04- 1-06 : 1.12 (BKF); 04-1-07 : 1.12 (BKF); 04-1-08 : 3.11 (BKF); 04-1-11 : 1.1 (BKF); 04-1-13 : 3.22 (BKF); 04-1-15 : 1.17 (BKF); 04-1-17 : 2.12 (BKF); 04-1-18 : 2.9 (BKF); 04-1-22 : 3.25 (BKF); 04-1-24 : 1.11 (BKF); 04-1-26 : 3.23 (BKF); 04-1-27 : 1.1 (BKF); 04-1-28 : 2.52 (BKF); 04-1-30 : 1.17 (BKF); 04-1-32 : 1.17 (BKF); 04-1-35 : 3.1 (BKF); 04-1-38 : 3.17 (BKF); 04-1- 43 : 1.17 (BKF); 04-1-44 : 1.12 (BKF); 04-1-47 : 1.10 (BKF); 04-1-49 : 2.12 (BKF); 04-1-50 : 1.26 (BKF); 04-1-52 : 3.17 (BKF); 04-5-04 : 2.16 (BKF); 04-5-05 : 1.2 (BKF); 04-5-06 : 2.12 (BKF); 04-5-32 : 3.6 (BKF); 04-5-34 : 1.10 (BKF); 04-5-37 : 1.3 (BKF); 04-5-41 : 1.2 (BKF); 04-5-54 : 1.3 (BKF); 04-5-55 : 1.4 (BKF); 04-5-56 : 1.10 (BKF); 04-5-57 : 1.10 (BKF); 04-5- 59 : 3.6 (BKF); 04-5-63 : 1.9 (BKF); 04-5-67 : 1.4 (BKF); 04-5-71 : 1.12 (BKF); 04-5-75 : 2.22 (BKF); 04-5-76 : 1.4 (BKF); 04-5-79 : 2.2 (BKF); 04-5-81 : 3.9 (BKF); 04-5-84 : 3.6 (BKF); 04- 5-90 : 3.2.2 (BKF); 04-5-92 : 1.9 (BKF); 04-5-93 : 1.10 (BKF); 04-5-101 : 2.9 (BKF); 04-5-102 : 1.2 (BKF); 04-6-3 : 1.12 (BKF); 04-6-4 : 1.12 (BKF); 04-6-10 : 1.12 (BKF); 04-7-10 : 2.12 (BKF); 04-7-11 : 2.12 (BKF); 04-7-13 : 1.24 (BKF); 04-7-14 : 2.25 (BKF); 04-7-15 : 1.24 (BKF); 04-7-21 : 1.11 (BKF). A SYNOPTIC ACCOUNT OF THE FAGACEAE OF THAILAND (C. PHENGKLAI) 175

Yahara T. et al. T-49870 : 2.1 (BKF, KYO); T-49872 : 2.13 (BKF, KYO); T-49989 : 1.17 (BKF, KYO); T-50020 : 3.22 (BKF, KYO); T-50021 : 1.4 (BKF, KYO); T-50023 : 2.47 (BKF, KYO); T-50024 : 2.49 (BKF, KYO); T-50037 : 3.3 (BKF, KYO); T-50139 : 2.7 (BKF, KYO); T-50145 : 2.47 (BKF, KYO); T-50149 : 2.12 (BKF, KYO); T-50150 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-50151 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-50152 : 2.16 (BKF, KYO); T-50158 : 3.10 (BKF, KYO); T-50159 : 1.12 (BKF, KYO); T-50160 : 1.1 (BKF, KYO); T-50162 : 3.16.1 (BKF, KYO); T-50165 : 3.10 (BKF, KYO); T- 50166 : 3.9 (BKF, KYO); T-50167 : 1.12 (BKF, KYO). Yasothon Ch. 2 : 2.47 (BKF); 3: 3.11 (BKF); 18 : 3.16.1 (BKF); 19 : 3.10 (BKF); 20 : 2.25 (BKF); 22 : 2.23 (BKF); 23 : 2.47 (BKF); 25 : 1.12 (BKF); 26 : 3.9 (BKF); 27 : 2.12 (BKF); 28 : 2.39 (BKF); 29 : 3.23 (BKF); 30 : 3.20 (BKF); 31 : 2.12 (BKF); 32 : 2.22 (BKF); 32A : 2.50 (BKF); 33 : 2.49 (BKF); 34 : 1.17 (BKF); 35 : 2.16 (BKF); 36 : 1.24 (BKF). THAI FOR. BULL. (BOT.) 34: 176–178. 2006.

Spigelia (Loganiaceae), a new generic record for Thailand

PHONGSAK PHONSENA*

ABSTRACT. Spigelia anthelmia L., is newly recorded for Thailand. The genus and species are described. The key to the genera in the Flora of Thailand is emended.

The Loganiaceae has been published in the Flora of Thailand and included six genera (Griffin and Parnell, 1997). Curiously, the originally American genus Spigelia was not known from Thailand even though the one naturalized species, Spigelia anthelmia L., has been recorded from West Africa and Malesia (Leenhouts, 1962). During fieldwork by the author in South-eastern Thailand, specimens belonging to this genus were collected. Their identification was checked by Somran Suddee (BKF) using the treatment of Leenhouts (1962) and found to match the description of S. anthelmia L. Since the treatment of Loganiaceae for the Flora of Thailand (Griffin and Parnell, 1997) several genera have been referred to other families. However, the new genus record of Spigelia can be easily added to the key to the genera (p. 197) and inserted at the end of the second lead as follows:

1. Herbs 5. Leaves uninerved. Flowers 4-merous 5. Mitrasacme 5. Leaves penninerved. Flowers 5-merous 6. Inflorescences dichasially branched 6. Mitreola 6. Inflorescences unbranched 7. Spigelia

SPIGELIA

L., Gen. Pl. ed. 5: 74. 1754; Leenhouts in Fl. Mal. I. 6: 377. 1962. Annual or perennial herbs or undershrubs. Leaves often partly in (pseudo) whorls at the base of the inflorescence, short-petioled or sessile, the bases connected by interpetiolar stipules or sheaths. Inflorescences terminal and/or in the upper leaf-axils, cincinnous, sometimes reduced to a few flowers. Flowers sessile or almost so, 5-merous. Sepals free or connate at the base, with some colleters at the base on the inner surface. Corolla lobes valvate in bud, shorter than the tube. Stamens included, anthers dorsifixed, introrse, lanceolate or ovate, 2-celled. Ovary superior, 2-celled, with many ovules. Capsule 2-lobed, 2-celled, 4-valved, valves caducous with the exception of a cupular basal part. Seeds globose to angular, verrucose; endosperm fleshy or cartilaginous.

* The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; email: [email protected]. SPIGELIA (LOGANIACEAE), A NEW GENERIC RECORD FOR THAILAND (P. PHONSENA) 177

About 50 species in tropical and subtropical America, one naturalized in West Africa and Malesia. One species in Thailand.

Spigelia anthelmia L., Sp. Pl. 1: 149. 1753; K. Heyne, Nutt.: Pl. 1267. 1927; Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java 2: 207. 1965; Leenhouts in Fl. Males. ser. I, 6: 378. Fig. 38. 1962; Soerjani, Kosterm. & Tjitrosoepomo, Weeds of Rice in Indonesia: 336, 614. Figs. 4.153, 5.21. no. 81. 1987. Fig. 1. Annual herb, 2–50 cm high, unbranched or with some pairs of strong branches near the base; stems erect, terete, glabrous, with a few remote pairs of rather small leaves and an apical pseudo-whorl of 4 larger ones. Leaves connected by interpetiolar, broadly triangular, blunt, glabrous stipules, blade ovate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 3–10 by 1–3.5 cm, herbaceous, scabrous above, glabrous and paler beneath, cuneate and often decurrent at the base, attenuate at the apex; nerves 5–7 pairs, strongly ascending; sessile or subsessile. Inflorescences a spike, terminal and usually in the axils of the whorled upper leaves, up to 8.3 cm long, peduncle very short, glabrous or nearly so. Bracts lanceolate, 1.5–2 mm long. Flowers spaced, subsessile, arranged in one sided spikes. Sepals free, somewhat unequal in length, ovate-linear-lanceolate, 2.5–3 mm long, acute, glabrous or outside sparsely puberulous, pale green. Corolla salver-shaped, 5-lobed, glabrous, cream-yellow or pink to purplish with 5 dark red double stripes coinciding with center of lobes; tube 5–8.5 mm long, lobes triangular, c. 1.5 mm long. Stamens glabrous, inserted slightly below the middle of the tube, filaments filiform, 1.5–2 mm long, anther attached slightly above the base, lanceolate, 1 – 1.3 mm long, obtuse, yellow. Ovary glabrous, subglobose, 0.5–0.75 mm diam., style cylindrical, c. 2 mm long, stigma ovate-lanceolate, c. 3.5 mm long, pubescent near the tip, caducous. Capsule 3–4.5 by 4.5–6 mm, squamulate-tuberculate mainly in the upper half, brown when mature, 7–13-seeded. Seeds obliquely ellipsoid or ovoid, 1.5–2.5 by 1–1.5 mm, dull brown, tuberculate. Thailand.–– CENTRAL; Bangkok [Khlong Sam Wa, Phonsena 4275 (BKF, L)]; SOUTHEASTERN; Chanthaburi [Khao Khitchakut National Park, Phonsena 4309 (BKF); Makham, Phonsena 4297 (BK, BKF)]; Trat [Mu Ko Chang National Park, Phonsena 3744 (BKF, L, Suan Luang Rama IX Herbarium), Phonsena 4226 (BKF)]. Distribution.–– Native to Tropical America, naturalized in tropical West Africa and Malesia. Ecology.–– A weed of paddy fields, roadsides, waste places, from sea level up to 100 m. Flowering and fruiting April–Sept. Vernacular.–– Ya phayat (À≠“欓∏â )‘ (Chanthaburi). Uses.–– A decoction of the roots is well-known as an effective vermifuge. The plant is reported to be poisonous. Note.–– The description above is that of Leenhouts (1962) with minor modifications. 178 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

AA B B

Figure l. Spigelia anthelmia L.; A. habit; B. flowers. Photographed by P. Phonsena.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am grateful to Willem de Wilde and Brigitta Duyfjes (L) and Axel Dalberg Poulsen (E) for discussions and revision of the manuscript, Somran Suddee (BKF) who helped me to identify the first collection, and Miss Kanokon Bunpha who assisted with the preparation of the manuscript.

REFERENCES

Griffin, O. and Parnell, J. (1997). Loganiaceae. In: T. Santisuk and K. Larsen (eds), Flora of Thailand 6(3): 197–225. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok. Leenhouts, P.W. (1962). Loganiaceae. In: C. G. G. J. van Steenis (ed.), Flora Malesiana ser. I. 6: 293–387. Wolters-Noordhoff Publishing, Groningen, Netherlands. THAI FOR. BULL. (BOT.) 34: 179–194. 2006.

New taxa of Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae) from Thailand

LEENA PHUPHATHANAPHONG*

ABSTRACT. Five new species of the genus Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae) from Thailand are described and illustrated. They are Aristolochia hansenii Phuph., A. kongkandae Phuph., A. perangustifolia Phuph., A. poomae Phuph. and A. yalaensis Phuph.

INTRODUCTION

Since the publication of Aristolochia in the Flora of Thailand (Phuphathanaphong 1987) two new species have been added by Hansen & Phuphathanaphong (1999). The new species, Aristolochia phetchaburiensis, described by Chuakul & Saralamp (2001) is a synonym of A. kerrii. Recently additional material has been collected and among these collections five hitherto undescribed species have been found, two of these from northern, two from peninsular and one from northeastern Thailand.

Aristolochia hansenii Phuph. sp. nov. Haec species nova affinis est A. pierrei Lecomte sed caule tenuiore, petiolo longiore, foliis parvioribus utrinque glaberrimis, fructibus parvioribus et seminibus exalatis differt. Typus: Thailand, Northern, Chiang Rai, Mae Fa Luang district, on the way to Ban Hin Taek, 16 September 1998, Chayamarit 1120, (holotype BKF; isotype C). Fig. 1. Slender climber, stem zigzag, 1–2 mm diam., glabrous, slightly grooved. Leaves without pseudo-stipules; petiole 1.5–4 cm, slender, glabrous; lamina thin, narrowly lanceolate, 5.5–8.5 by 2–3.5 cm, base shallowly cordate, sinus 5–10 mm deep, 8–12 mm wide, margin entire, apex tapering acute, mucronate, glabrous on both surfaces except some minute hairs on nerves near base, densely minute gland dotted on both surfaces, palmately 5-nerved, pinnately 3–4 nerved along midrib, venation inconspicuous above. Inflorescences axillary, racemose, 1.5–5 cm long, 3–5-flowered; bracts lanceolate to ovate- lanceolate, 5–8 by 2–3.5 mm; peduncle 2–3 mm, pedicels 4–6 mm pubescent; ovary elongate, 2–3 by 0.5–1 mm, 6-lobed, densely short hairy; with a stipe of 2–3 mm between ovary and utricle. Perianth dark violet, utricle ovate, 5–7 by 3–4 mm, tube cylindric, 4–5 by 1 mm, straight; limb 1-lipped, lanceolate, ca. 2.5 by 5 mm, apex acute, glabrous, longitudinally striate. Gynostemium ca. 1.7 by 1.3 mm. Stamens 6, anthers oblong, ca. 0.7 by 0.1 mm. Stigmatic lobes 6, long triangular, ca. 0.6 by 0.3 mm, obtuse; with 6 small lobes between stigmatic lobes and anthers. Fruit globose, 8–10 mm in diam., longitudinally 6-lobed, green, glabrescent. Seeds cordate, not winged, 2.5–3.5 by 2.5–3.5 mm., slightly verrucose on adaxial surface, verrucose on abaxial surface, light brown.

* Office of the Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, 61 Phahonyothin Rd., Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 180 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 1. Aristolochia hansenii Phuph.: A. flowering and fruiting branch; B. gynostemium; C. abaxial surface of seed; D. adaxial surface of seed; E. bracts and ovaries. Drawn by P. Inthachup. NEW TAXA OF ARISTOLOCHIA (ARISTOLOCHIACEAE) FROM THAILAND (L. PHUPHATHANAPHONG) 181

Thailand. — NORTHERN: Chiang Rai [Mae Fa Luang, on the way to Ban Hin Taek, 16 September 1998, Chayamarit 1120 (BKF, C)]. Distribution.— Endemic, only known from the type locality. Ecology.— Edge of evergreen forest, creeping on the ground. Vernacular.— Krachao chiangrai (°√–‡™“‡™â ¬ß√“¬’ ). Note.— This new species is closely related to Aristolochia pierrei Lecomte but differs in having a thinner stem, a longer petiole, smaller leaves and in being glabrous on both leaf surfaces; also the fruit is smaller and the seeds are without a wing. (Table 1). The specific epithet is given in honour of the late Dr. Bertel Hansen, my advisor when I revised the family Aristolochiaceae at the Botanical Museum, University of Copenhagen.

Aristolochia kongkandae Phuph. sp. nov. Haec species nova affinis est A. pierrei Lecomte sed caule tenuiore et breviore, petiolo longiore, foliis parvioribus ovato-lanceolatis (nec lanceolatis vel late lanceolatis), glabris (nec pubescentis), apice mucronatis (nec acutis vel acuminatis), fructibus parvioribus globosis, et seminibus trigonaliter obovatis exalatis basaliter (nec ubique) verrucosis differt. Typus: Thailand, Peninsula, Surat Thani, Khlong Phanom NP, 21 February 2001, Chayamarit et al. 2607 (holotype BKF; isotypi C, E). Fig. 2. Slender climber, stem glabrous 1–1.5 mm diam., slightly grooved. Leaves without pseudo-stipules; petiole 3–7 cm, slender, glabrous; lamina ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 5–7.5 by 3–4 cm, base deeply cordate, ± auriculate, sinus 6–13 by 3–20 mm, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate, mucronate; glabrous on both surfaces, palmately 5–7 nerved, pinnately 2-3-nerved along midrib, veinlet finely reticulate, inconspicuous on both surfaces. Inflorescences axillary, racemose 1.5–4 cm long, 2–5-flowered, bracts and bracteoles lanceolate, 1–1.5 by 0.3–0.5 mm, glabrous, peduncle ca. 5 mm, pedicels 5–7 mm, glabrous. Ovary elongate, ca. 4 by 0.8 mm, slightly 6-ridged, glabrous, with a stipe of 0.5–1.5 mm between ovary and utricle. Perianth reddish green, utricle short cylindric to globose, ca. 5 by 3 mm., base truncate, apex contracted, tube slender cylindric, curved upwards, ca. 10 by 1.5 mm; limb 1-lipped, oblong ca. 1.5 by 0.5 cm, apex acute, glabrous. Gynostemium ca. 1.5 by 1 mm. Stamens 6, anther oblong to elliptic ca. 0.5 by 0.2 mm. Stigmatic lobes 6, ovate, obtuse. Fruit globose, 5–7 mm diam., longitudinally 6-lobed, glabrous, greenish. Seed triangular-obcordate, not winged, ca. 2.5 by 2.1 mm, verrucose on both surfaces.

Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Surat Thani: Khlong Phanom, 21 February 2001, Chayamarit et al. 2607 (BKF, C, E). Specimens studied other than type. [Khlong Phanom, 12 March 2002, Suddee et al. 1292 (BKF); Khlong Phanom, 11 April 2003, Middleton et al. 2143 (A, BKF); Khlong Phanom, 17 February 2005, Williams & Pooma 1558 (A, BKF); Khlong Phanom, 24 April 2005, Pooma et al. 5200 (BKF)]. Distribution.— Endemic, confined to Peninsular Thailand. Ecology.— In evergreen forest, hanging down on limestone cliff. Vernacular.— Krachao klong phanom (°√–‡™“§≈Õßæπ¡â ). Note.— This new species is closely related to Aristolochia pierrei Lecomte but differs in having thinner and shorter stems, smaller leaves with longer petioles, a glabrous lamina which is ovate to lanceolate-ovate and with an acute to acuminate and mucronate 182 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 2. Aristolochia kongkandae Phuph.: A. flowering branch; B. fruiting branch; C. abaxial surface of seed; D. adaxial surface of seed; E. gynostemium. Drawn by P. Inthachup. NEW TAXA OF ARISTOLOCHIA (ARISTOLOCHIACEAE) FROM THAILAND (L. PHUPHATHANAPHONG) 183 apex (the lamina is hairy, lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, and the apex is acute or tapering acute in A. pierrei). The fruits are smaller and spherical. The seeds are triangular-obovate, not winged, and verrucose on the lower surface (they are verrucose on both surfaces in A. pierrei) (Tab. 1). The species is named in honour of Dr. Kongkanda Chayamarit, Director, Office of the Forest Herbarium, who encouraged and provided facilities for my work.

Aristolochia perangustifolia Phuph. sp. nov. Haec species nova affinis est A. pierrei Lecomte sed foliis angustioribus basaliter distincte cordatis rotundate auriculatis differt, limbis perianthii linearo-lanceolatis (nec oblongis) instructa, cum annulo sinuato inter lobos stigmatis et antheras qui deest in A. pierrei. Typus: Thailand, North-eastern, Khon Kaen, Pha Nok Khao, near Phukradung, 29 October 1984, Murata et al T-51751 (holotype BKF; isotype KYO). Fig. 3. Slender climber, 1–1.5 mm diam., stem glabrous, slightly grooved. Leaves without pseudo stipules; petiole 1.5–2 cm, slender, glabrous; lamina thin, narrowly lanceolate, 5.5– 8.5 by 1.3–1.8 cm, base deeply cordate, auriculate, auricle rounded, the sinus 7–12 mm deep, 5–7 mm wide, margin entire, apex tapering acute or acuminate, mucronate, glabrous on upper surface, pubescent and densely minute gland-dotted on lower surface, palmately nerves 3–5; veins inconspicuous above, loosely reticulate visible below. Inflorescences axillary, racemose, 5.5–8 cm long, 1–6-flowered, bracts lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 6–8 by 1–1.5 mm, gland-dotted, longitudinally veined, peduncle 5–6 mm, pedicels 6–12 mm, puberulous; ovary elongate, 3–4 by 0.5–1 mm, 6-ridged, glabrous, without stipe between ovary and utricle. Perianth reticulate, outside glabrous, utricle globose, ca. 4 mm diam., tube slightly bent upwards, 6–8 by 2–3 mm, limb 1-lipped, linear-lanceolate, 20–25 by 2–3 mm, tapering at apex, on adaxial surface of lip and throat pubescent. Gynostemium ca 1.5 by 1.3 mm. Stamens 6, anther oblong, ca 0.7 by 0.05 mm. Stigmatic lobes 6, oblong or oblong lanceolate, 0.4–0.5 by 0.1–0.2 mm, with 6 wavy lobes between stigmatic lobes and anthers. Fruit not seen. Thailand.— NORTHEASTERN: Khon Kaen [Pha Nok Khao, near Phukradueng, 29 October 1984, Murata et al T-51751 (BKF, KYO)]. Distribution.— Endemic, only known from the type locality. Ecology.— Edge of mixed deciduous forest in limestone areas, altitude 280–450 m (altitude data from the label on Murata et al. T-51751). Vernacular.— Krachao bai khaeb (°√–‡™“„∫·§∫â ). Note.— This new species is closely related to A. pierrei Lecomte but differs in having narrower leaves with a deeply cordate base and rounded auricles. The perianth limb is linear-lanceolate, while it is oblong in A. pierrei. There is a wavy annular ring between the stigmatic lobes and anthers in which is absent in A. pierrei (Table 1).

Aristolochia poomae Phuph. sp. nov. Haec species nova affinis est A. chlamydophyllae C.Y. Wu sed foliis parvioribus, petiolis brevioribus, utriculis oblongo-ovatis (nec globosis), laminis foliorum linearo-lanceolatis (nec ovato-lanceolatis), et lobis stigmatis brevioribus latioribusque differt. Typus: Thailand, Northern, Chiang Mai, Maesa Botanical Garden (QSBG), Maerim, alt. 700 m, 17 August 1989, Pooma 268 (holotype BKF). Fig. 4. 184 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 3. Aristolochia perangustifolia Phuph.: A. flowering branch; B. inflorescence; C. gynostemium. Drawn by P. Inthachup. NEW TAXA OF ARISTOLOCHIA (ARISTOLOCHIACEAE) FROM THAILAND (L. PHUPHATHANAPHONG) 185

Slender climber, stem glabrous, slightly grooved, 1–1.5 mm diam.. Leaves without pseudostipules; petiole 2–3 cm, slender, glabrous; lamina thin, ovate to lanceolate-ovate, 5.5–9 by 2.5–3.8 cm, base deeply cordate, auriculate, auricles rounded, the sinus 8–15 mm deep, 5–7 mm wide, margin entire, apex acuminate, mucronate, glabrous on upper surface, pubescent and densely minute gland-dotted on lower surface, palmately 5–7-nerved; veins inconspicuous above, loosely reticulate and slightly elevated below. Inflorescences axillary, racemose, 2–5 cm long, 1–4-flowered, bracts ovate-lanceolate, 5–8 by 2–3 mm, pubescent. Peduncle up to 12 mm, pedicels ca. 5 mm; pubescent; ovary elongate, ca. 2 by 0.5 mm, 6- ridged, densely short hairy, without stipe between ovary and utricle. Perianth purplish- cream, glabrous, gland-dotted; utricle oblong-ovate, 5–6 by 3–4 mm, 6-lobed, tube bent upwards, 4–8 by 1 mm, limb 1-lipped, linear-lanceolate, 12–16 by 1.5–3 mm, tapering at apex, straight, base of lip and throat inside dark purple, pubescent. Gynostemium ca. 1 by 1.4 mm. Stamens 6, anthers oblong, ca. 0.5 by 0.13 mm. Stigmatic lobes 6, ca. 0.3 by 0.7 mm, short, obtuse to nearly truncate. Young fruit ovate-oblong, ca. 17 by 8 mm, longitudinally 6-lobed.

Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Mai [Maesa Botanical Garden (QSBG), Maerim, alt. 700 m, 17 August 1989, Pooma 268 (BKF)]. Distribution.—Endemic, only known from the type locality. Ecology.— Edges of dry evergreen forest, altitude 700 m. Vernacular.— Krachao nok krasa (°√–‡™“π°°√– “â ). Note.— This new species is named in honour of Dr. Rachun Pooma who collected the plant when he was a chief of Maesa Botanical Garden, (now QSBG: Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden). It is closely related to A. chlamydophylla C.Y.Wu but differs in having smaller leaves and a shorter petiole. The utricle is oblong-ovat, while in A. chlamydophylla it is globose; the limb is linear-lanceolate while in A. chlamydophylla it is ovate-lanceolate; and the stigmatic lobes are shorter and wider than in A. chlamydophylla (Table 2).

Aristolochia yalaensis Phuph. sp. nov. Haec species nova affinis est A. minutiflorae Ridl. ex Gamble sed inflorescentiis racemosis 1–4 in quaque axila et utriculis sine corpore glanduloso differt. Typus: Thailand, Peninsula, Yala, Bannang-sta, alt. 180–200 m. 17 July 2004, Pooma et al. 4321 (holotype BKF; isotypes K, L). Fig. 5. Climber, ca. 1.2 m, young stem pubescent, glabrescent, slightly grooved, 1–2 mm diam.. Leaves without pseudostipules; petiole 4–6 cm, glabrous, lamina ovate-cordate, 7– 12 by 4.5–8 cm, base deeply cordate, auriculate, with a basal sinus 1–2 cm deep and 1.3–3 cm wide, auricles rounded, margin entire, apex acuminate, with or without a minute mucro, glabrous above, pubescent below but surface clearly showing palmately 5–7-nerved. Inflorescences racemose, 1–4 in axil of foliage leaves and also on leafless stem, up to 4.5 cm long, rachis 2.5–3.5 cm, 3–5-flowered, each flower opposed by a sessile lanceolate bracteole, 3.5–5 by 1.5–2 mm, apex acuminate, basal nerves 3–5, pubescent on both surfaces, pedicel ca. 5 mm, pubescent, ovary ca. 3 by 0.5 mm, 6-lobed, pubescent, pale green, without stipe between ovary and utricle. Perianth 2 cm long, pale green, puberulous, bent between utricle and tube, utricle ovoid to globose, ca. 3 by 3 mm, tube ca. 4 by 1.5 mm, throat purple with 4 longitudinal lines, limb around the throat with a long tapering lip on the upper part, 186 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 4. Aristolochia poomae Phuph.: A. flowering branch; B. inflorescence; C. gynostemium. Drawn by P. Inthachup. NEW TAXA OF ARISTOLOCHIA (ARISTOLOCHIACEAE) FROM THAILAND (L. PHUPHATHANAPHONG) 187 ca. 10 by 3 mm, apex obtuse, densely pubescent inside. Gynostemium ca. 0.8 by 2 mm. Stamens 6, anther oblong, ca. 0.7 by 0.5 mm. Stigmatic lobes 6, triangular, ca. 0.5 by 0.5 mm, acute. Fruit only known in young state, ca. 7.5 by 5 mm. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Yala [Bannang-sta, alt. 180–200 m. 17 July 2004, Pooma et al 4321 (BKF, K, L)]. Distribution.—Endemic, only known from the type locality. Ecology.— In evergreen forest, on limestone, altitude 180–200 m. Note.— This new species is closely related to A. minutiflora Ridl. ex Gamble but the inflorescences are racemose, 1–4 in axil, and the utricle is without glandular bodies. (Table 3).

REVISED KEY TO ARISTOLOCHIA IN THE FLORA OF THAILAND (1987) (vegetative characters)

1. Stem zigzag, petiole less than 0.5 cm long 2. Leaves sessile or subsessile, apex rounded 1. A. arenicola 2. Leaves petiolate, apex acute or obtuse 3. Blade lanceolate or ovate, much longer than wide, more than 6 cm long 2. A. harmandiana 3. Blade broadly ovate, base cordate, as long as wide, less than 1.5 cm long 3. A. helix 1. Stem not zigzag, petiole more than 1 cm long 4. Leaves lobed 5. Leaves deeply 3-lobed,middle lobe acuminate,lateral lobes sickle-shaped,obtuse 4. A. curtisii 5. Leaves with lobes not exceeding half the length of blade 5. A. pothieri 4. Leaves entire 6. Leaves palmately 3–5-nerved 7. Leaves as long as broad or slightly longer than broad 8. Pseudo-stipules large, leaf-like; flowers solitary 9. Leaves rounded or kidney-shaped 6. A. ringens 9. Leaves triangular 7. A. elegans 8. Pseudo-stipules absent; flowers not solitary 10. Inflorescence contracted, flowers many (15–20) 5. A. pothieri 10. Inflorescence elongated, flowers few (5–8) 14. A. longeracemosa 7. Leaves longer than broad 11. Leaves glabrous on both sides or at most pubescent on nerves 12. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 5.5–8.5 by 2–3.5 cm, base shallowly cordate, not auriculate 15. A. hansenii 12. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, base deeply cordate, ± auriculate 13. Leaves samll, 5–7.5 by 3–4 cm 16. A. kongkandae 13. Leaves large, 9.5–16.5 by 5.8–7.6 cm 8. A. tagala 11. Leaves puberulous beneath 14. Leaves more than 3 times longer than wide, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, apex acute or tapering acute 15. Leave base shallowly cordate, not auriculate, finely pubescent towards the margin on upper surface 9. A. pierrei 15. Leave base deeply cordate, auriculate, margin glabrous 17. A. perangustifolia 14. Leaves less than 3 times longer than wide, triangular-ovate to ovate lanceolate 16. Leaves base truncate, shallowly cordate to cordate, apex acute 10. A. kerrii 16. Leaves base deeply cordate, auriculate, apex acuminate 17. Petiole less than 3 cm long, leaves 5.5–9 by 2.5–3.8 cm 18. A. poomae 17. Petiole more than 4 cm long, leaves 7–12 by 4.5–8 cm 19. A. yalaensis 6. Leaves pinnately nerved 18. Petiole short, 1–2 cm 16. A. versicolor 188 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 5. Aristolochia yalaensis Phuph.: A. flowering branch; B. inflorescences; C. gynostemium. Drawn by P. Inthachup. NEW TAXA OF ARISTOLOCHIA (ARISTOLOCHIACEAE) FROM THAILAND (L. PHUPHATHANAPHONG) 189

18. Petiole long, 8–10 cm 19. Base of leaves obtuse or cuneate, apex obtuse 17. A. grandis 19. Base of leaves cordate, apex acuminate 18. A. baenzigeri

KEY TO THE SPECIES (flower and fruit characters)

1. Flowers solitary 2. Flowers bent, more than 7 cm long; pedicels 6.5–8.5 cm 3. Perianth 2-lipped; utricle more than 4 cm long 6. A. ringens 3. Perianth limb orbicular; utricle less than 3 cm long 7. A. elegans 2. Flowers straight, less than 5 cm long; pedicels 0.4–1.5 cm 4. Perianth more than 2.5 cm long, outside densely hairy 1. A. arenicola 4. Perianth less than 2 cm long, outside glabrous 3. A. helix 1. Flowers in racemes or panicles 5. Flowers in panicles; seeds winged 6. Panicles lax; seeds (incl. the wing) as long as broad or slightly broader than long, seed proper conspicuously heart-shaped 8. A. tagala 6. Panicles dense at the base; seeds (incl. the wing) longer than broad, seed proper nearly orbicular 5. A. pothieri 5. Flowers in racemes 7. Bracts amplexicaul; seeds not winged, verrucose on both sides 4. A. curtisii 7. Bracts not amplexicaul 8. Limb around the throat 9. Pedicel more than 3 cm; perianth outside white with brown veins, inside yellow, limb red; stigmatic lobes 6 12. A. grandis 9. Pedicel less than 3 cm; perianth outside pilose, inside glabrous; stigmatic lobes 3 10. Leaves wides above middle, without basal sinus; flowers borne on trailing stems above ground 11. A. versicolor 10. Leaves widest below middle, with conspicuous basal sinus; flowers borne close to the ground 13. A. baenzigeri 8. Limb 1-lipped 11. Perianth and fruits velutinous outside; pedicel 0.6–0.75 cm; seeds not winged 2. A. harmandiana 11. Perianth and fruits pubescent to glabrous outside 12. Perianth glabrous outside 13. Stipe between ovary and utricle absent 14. Gynostemium with wavy annular ring between stigmatic lobes and anthers; lip tapering to a long tail 17. A. perangustifolia 14. Gynostemium without annular ring between stigmatic lobes and anthers 15. Fruit more than 5 cm long; raceme not fascicled 14. A. longeracemosa 15. Fruit less than 2.5 cm long; raceme fascicled 10. A. kerrii 13. Stipe between ovary and utricle present 16. Fruit small, globose, 5–7 mm diam.; seed not winged 16. A. kongkandae 16. Fruit big, ovoid, 2–2.5 by 1.8–2 cm; seed winged 9. A. pierrei 12. Perianth pubescent or laxly hairy outside 17. Stipe between ovary and utricle present 18. Limb hairy on adaxial surface; fruit ovoid up to 5.5 cm long; seed winged 8. A. tagala 18. Limb glabrous on adaxial surface; fruit globose, 8–10 mm diam; seed not winged 15. A. hansenii 17. Stipe between ovary and utricle absent 19. Lip long, up to 16 mm; utricle oblong to ovate-oblong 5–6 by 3–4 mm; stigmatig lobes short, about 0.3 by 0.7 mm, apex obtuse to truncate 18. A. poomae 19. Lip short, about 10 mm; utricle ovoid to globose, about 3 mm diam; stigmatig lobes longer, 0.5–0.7 by 0.5 mm, apex acute 19. A. yalaensis 190 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34 above, mm, glabrous glabrous long,reticulate, glabrous surface pubescent A. perangustifolia mm, puberulous deeply cordate, auriculate,sinus ipped, linear-lanceolate, rrowly lanceolate, 5.5–8.5 nknown pubescent beneath

A. kongkandae glabrous 6–12 ovate-lanceolate, 5–7.5 na 5–7.5 ovate-lanceolate, 4 cm, glabrouscm, 4 by 1.3–1.8 cm, glabrous verrucose on both surfaces, ,acute, pinkish on both mm, apex tapering, by 2–3 20–25 A. pierrei angular-cordate, ca. 2.5 by 1 U ordate, auriculate, sinus 0.6–1.3 base cm deep, 0.3–2 cm widecm deep, 0.3–2 to 6 cm, 4–10-flowered cm wide ca. 1.2 cm deep, 0.5–0.7 5 cm, 1–6-flowered

ca. 2.6 cm long, reddish green ca.3.5 cm by 3 mm 1-lipped, oblong, ca. 15 by 5 1-l surfaces adaxial from ucose, mm, A. perangustifolia A. hansenii and nged not winged 3.8 cm long, dark violet mm, puberulous, 3–5-flowered daxial surface less verr lanceolate, 5.5–8.5 by 2–3.5 cm,lanceolate, 5.5–8.5 glabrous to ovate by 3– deep, 0.8–1.2 cm wide deep, 0.8–1.2 cm long, axis ca.racemose, 1.5–5 cm long, axis up racemose, 1.5–8 cm long, axis ca. racemose, 5.5–8 cordate, mostly not auriculate, some c cm slightly auriculate, sinus 0.5–1

mm, apex acute, dark purple mm A. kongkandae 5.1 mm, by 2.5–3.5 cordate, 2.5–3.5 tri , densely short mm, densely short by 0.5–1 2–3 glabrous mm, 0.8 by 4 ca. 0.5–1 by 3–4 lanceolate, –15 by 4.5–5.5 1-lipped, lanceolate, ca. 2.5 by 5 cm long, axis 0.5–1.5 A. pierrei Aristolochia hansenii 4.5 cm cm 0.5–0.8 cm 0.5–1 - 1.5(–3.5) cm, puberulous1.5(–3.5) cm, glabrescent 1.5–4 glabrous cm, 3–7 cm, 1.5–2 oadly cordate or triangular, 4.7– 8.5–13.8(–16) by 2.8–4.6(–6) cm, by 2.8–4.6(–6) 8.5–13.8(–16) glabrescent above, puberulous beneath cm, tomentose, 6–14-flowered 5 cordate, not auriculate, sinus 0.5–2 cm wide cm deep, 0.8–3 hairy hairy by 5.5–6 mm, verrucose on bothby 5.5–6 surfaces, winged a not wi mm, apex obtuse, abaxial surface maroon, adaxial surface dark maroon lamina lanceolate to broadly inflorescences racemose, 3.5–7 lamina base pedicelovary mm, pubescent 4–10 mm, 0.5–1 by 3.7–4.5 mm, pubescent 4–6 mm, 5–7 stempetiole not zigzag, 2–3 mm ø 0.9– ø mm zigzag, 1–2 mm ø not zigzag, 1–1.5 not zigzag, 1–1.5 mm ø Characters stipe between ovary 2–4 mmand utricle perianth long cm 2–3.5 2–3 mm 3.5– 0.5–1.5 mm without stipe utricleperianth tubeperianth limb 5–8.5 by 1 mm mm by 3–4 ovoid to globose, 3.5–4.5 1-lipped, oblong, 10 mm by 3–4 ovoid, 5–7 short cylindric to globose, 3–5 by 1 mm 4–5 ca. 4 mm globose, ø ca. 10 by 1.5 mm 6–8 by 2–3 mm fruit-stalkfruitsseeds 3.2– cm, glabrescent ovoid, 2–2.5by 1.8–2 br ø, glabrescent cm globose, 0.8–1 glabrous cm ø, globose, 0.5–0.7 Unknown Table. 1 Characters distinguishing Table. NEW TAXA OF ARISTOLOCHIA (ARISTOLOCHIACEAE) FROM THAILAND (L. PHUPHATHANAPHONG) 191 . 10 by 3 mm, apex obtuse lobe broader than long, apex mm long, pubescent around the throat with 1-lipped long tapering pubescent beneath acemose, 1–4 in axil, up to 4.5 cm, puberulous acemose, 1–4 above, pubescent and densely gland-dotted beneath mm 1-lipped, linear-lanceolate, 12–16 blunt to nearly truncate, ca. 0.3 by 0.7 mm A. yalaensis cordate,auricles rounded, glabrous above, or glabrous r ring 6-lobed, without annular ring iry ca. 8 glabrous A. minutiflora A. chlammydophylla minutely ha from from deep, 1.2–2 cm widedeep, 1.2–2 cm wide cm deep, 1.3–3 1–2 tiflora A. chlammydophyllaauriculate, glabrous above, densely puberulous beneathapex acuminate, mucronate, dark purple6-lobed, lobe ovoid, ca. 0.6 by 0.4 mm 3.8 cm, base deeply cordate, auriculate, A. poomae 6-lobed, long, apex tapering, purplish green A. minu base cordate, auricles rounded, glabrous above, loosely puberulous beneathspiciform, 1 in axil, up to 3.5 cm, puberulous broad ovoid or subglobose, 3–6 by 2.5–6 mm, not stiped, by 2.5–6 broad ovoid or subglobose, 3–6 sparsely hairy inside, with 2 ellipsoid, glandular bodiesapex acute to obtuse ovoid to globase ca. 3 by mm, not stiped, without glandular body on the upper part ca obscurely 6-lobed, with a distinct annular Aristolochia poomae Aristolochia yalaensis Table. 3 Characters distinguishing Table. Characters petiolelaminautricleperianth limbstigmatic lobe cm, robust, base tumentilus 6–10 cm, base cordate, by 5–11 ovate or ovate-oblong, 8–16 1-lipped, ovate-lanceolate ca. 15 mm long apex acute, mm ø globose, ca. 2–3 ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 5.5–9 by 2.5– glabrous 2–3 cm, slender, mm by 3–4 oblong-ovate, 5–6 Characters stem, branchlaminasinusinflorescences mm ø stem 3–10 lanceolate or ovate (5.5–)12–14 by (2.5–)5.5–7 cm, 0.7–2 cm ovate-cordate, 7–12 by 4.5–8 cm, base deeply mm ø 1–2 stem utricle perianth limb 1-lipped, narrow lanceolate to linear 11–12 by 2–3 mm, limb stigmatic lobe Table. 2 Characters distinguishing Table. pedicel and ovary 9–12 mm long, sparsely 192 THAI FOREST BULLETIN ( BOTANY ) 34

A B

C

Figure 6. Aristolochia kongkandae Phuph.: A. flowers; B. fruit; C. habit. Photographed by R. Pooma. NEW TAXA OF ARISTOLOCHIA (ARISTOLOCHIACEAE) FROM THAILAND (L. PHUPHATHANAPHONG) 193

A B B

C

Figure 7. A.-B. Aristolochia yalaensis Phuph.; C. Aristolochia poomae Phuph. Photographed by R. Pooma. 194 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am greatly indebted to Dr. K. Chayamarit Director, Office of the Forest Herbarium, for her valuable advice and for the collection of interesting plants, Dr. R. Pooma for the collection of plants and his photographs, Dr. S. Suddee for suggesting the Latin names, N. Pattharahirantricin for her various kinds of help, and P. Inthachub for the line drawings. I am grateful to Dr. H.-J. Esser, who kindly prepared the Latin diagnoses, two anonymous reviewers and Dr. David Middleton for his critical reading and valuable comments on this manuscript.

REFERENCES

Chou-Fen, L. (1975). The Aristolochiaceae of Kwangsi Flora. Acta Phytotax. Sin., 13(2): 10–28. Chuakul, W. & Saralamp, P. (2001). Aristolochia phetchaburiensis (Aristolochiaceae), a new species from Thailand. Kew Bull. 56. (3): 741–744. Ding Hou. (1984). Aristolochiaceae. Flora Malesiana 10(1): 83–108. Hansen, B. & L. Phuphathanaphong. (1999). Two new species of Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae) from Thailand. Nord. J. Bot. 19: 575–579. Hwang, S.M. (1981). Materials for Chinese Aristolochia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 19(2): 222–231. Ma, J.S. & Cheng, C.Y. (1989). New Taxa of Chinese Aristolochia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27(4): 293–297. Ma, J.S. (1989). A revision of Aristolochia L. from E. & S. Asia. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27(5): 321–364. THAI FOR. BULL. (BOT.) 34: 195–200. 2006.

Thepparatia (Malvaceae), a new genus from Thailand

LEENA PHUPHATHANAPHONG*

ABSTRACT. A new genus with a single species Thepparatia thailandica Phuph. is described.

INTRODUCTION

In 2004 C. Bayer and K. Kubitzki combined Tiliaceae Juss; Byttneriaceae R.Br., Bombacaceae Kunth, Sterculiaceae (DC.) Bartl. and Triplochitonaceae K. Schum. into Malvaceae, a cosmopolitan family of 243 genera and probably more than 4300 species. They divided Malvaceae into 9 subfamilies. Subfamily Malvoideae Burnett (1835) is now composed of 110 genera and 1730 species (Bayer & Kubitzki, 2004). In Thailand there are 19 genera and about 60 species which belong to subfam. Malvoideae. They are trees, shrubs, herbs and, exceptionally, climbers. As part of a revision of the Malvaceae for the Flora of Thailand project the study of a collection from Tak province, made by R. Pooma et al., proved very interesting. This specimen possesses the characters of the Malvaceae, subfam. Malvoideae, Tribe Gossypieae (without gossypol glands) but is a woody climber, a novel feature of the family Malvaceae and this material is clearly of an undescribed genus.

DEDICATION

The genus is, by gracious permission dedicated to Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, who has made great efforts to conserve the natural environments in Thailand. Thepparat is her royal title.

Thepparatia Phuph. gen. nov. Genus monotypicus Thespesia Sol. ex Correa affinis est sed differt habito lignoso scandenti, foliis sine nectariis, pedicellis articulatis, epicalyce quinquelobato, tubo staminum pistillum superanti, stigmate non lobato, ovario quinqueloculari. Type species: Thepparatia thailandica Phuph.

* Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 196 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Woody climber. Stem glabrous. Leaves cordate, shallowly 3-lobed, crenate-serrate without foliar nectaries, stipules caducous. Inflorescences racemose, terminal, floral pedicel articulate; epicalyx segments 5–7, persistent, without nectaries; calyx 5-lobed; petal apices yellow, dark red towards the base; staminal column 5-toothed at apex with numerous, dense, shortly-stalked anthers throughout the column; ovary 5-locular, ovules 12 per locule; style undivided; stigma papillose, with short hairs at the tip, included in the column. This monotypic genus is related to Thespesia Sol. ex Correa but differs in habit, being a woody climber, and the following characters: leaves without foliar nectaries, pedicels articulate, epicalyx 5-lobed, staminal tube longer than pistil, stigma not lobed, ovary 5- locular. (see also Table 1).

Thepparatia thailandica Phuph. sp. nov. Planta lignosa scandens usque ad 20 m longa, foliis trilobatis 8–12 cm longis et 7– 12 cm latis margine crenato-serratis, corolla campanulata 3–3.5 cm in diametro lutea ad centrum atrorubenti, stigmate apicaliter pubescenti tubo staminum incluso. Typus: Thailand, Northern, Tak Province, 21 March 2005, R. Pooma et al. 4981 (holotypus BKF!; isotypus K! ). Figs. 1–3. Woody climber, ca. 20 m long, 10–15 cm diam, stem terete, glabrous. Leaves spiral, crowded at the ends of branches, shallowly 3-lobed, 7–12 by 8–12 cm, base cordate, apex acuminate, margin irregularly crenate-serrate, upper surface gland dotted, also on midrib and nerves, glabrous, lower surface minutely stellate pubescent mixed with some large stellate hairs, chartaceous; petiole 5–10 cm long, minutely stellate puberulous; stipules filiform, 4–6 mm, caducous. Inflorescences terminal, drooping, racemose, up to 20 cm long, stellate tomentose; flowers many, pedicels 1.5–1.8 cm, articulation ca. 0.5 cm from the base of flower. Epicalyx reddish-green connate at base, segments 5–7, oblong to elliptic, 7–10 by 3–5 mm, stellate tomentose on both surfaces, persistent. Calyx green, 10–14 mm long, 5-lobed, connate to about the middle, lobes ovate, acute, 5–8 by 4–5 mm, each lobe with a nerve along the middle, stellate tomentose on both surfaces. Corolla yellow with a large dark red centre; petals 5, obovate, 3–3.5 by 1.5–2 cm, outside stellate-puberulous, with longitudinal lines, inside glabrous, apex reflexed, base dark red. Staminal tube 1.5– 2 cm long, apex unequally 5-toothed, densely antheriferous throughout the tube, filaments ca. 1 mm, frequently in pairs, anthers yellow, horse-shoe shaped, numerous; base of the staminal tube and base of petals connate, deciduous. Ovary ovoid, densely pubescent, ca. 3 by 3 mm, 5-celled, 12 ovules per cel, style ca. 1.6 cm, included in the staminal tube, undivided, stigmas papilose, shortly hairy at the tip. Fruit not seen. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Tak. Distribution.— Only known from the type locality. Ecology.— Near stream in dry evergreen forest, ca 700 m.

Vernacular.— Khruea thepparat (‡§√Õ‡∑æ√◊ µπ— ).å THEPPARATIA (MALVACEAE), A NEW GENUS FROM THAILAND (L. PHUPHATHANAPHONG) 197

Table 1. Diagnostic characters of genus Thespesia and genus Thepparatia

Characters Thespesia Thepparatia habit shrub or tree woody climber leaves entire, mostly with abaxial foliar crenate-serrate, without foliar nectaries nectaries pedicels mostly inarticulate articulate flowers axillary, solitary or 2–3-flowered interminal raceme, more than 10 raceme-like inflorescences flowers epicalyx 3–8, caducous 5–7, persistent pistil longer than the staminal tube shorter than the staminal tube stigma clavate, 5-sulcate small, not sulcate

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The author is indepted to Dr. K. Chayamarit for the valuable advice, to Dr. R. Pooma for collecting the plant and make many excellent photographs, to Dr. S. Suddee for suggesting the Latin name, to N. Pattharahirantricin for the additional slides and the useful spirit collection, and to P. Inthachub for the line drawings. I am grateful to Dr. H.-J. Esser for latinizing the diagnosis, to Dr. David Middleton and Dr. John Parnell for their critical reading and valuable comments on this manuscript.

REFERENCES

Kubitzki, K. & C. Bayer. (2003). Malvaceae. In Kubitzki, K.(ed.). The Family and Genera of vol. 5. pp. 225–311.Springer-Verlag Berlind Heidelburg, Germany. Burnett, G. T. (1835). Outlines of Botany. London. 198 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 1. Thepparatia thailandica Phuph.: SEM micrograph of pollen grain and detail showing ornamentation. THEPPARATIA (MALVACEAE), A NEW GENUS FROM THAILAND (L. PHUPHATHANAPHONG) 199

Figure 2. Thepparatia thailandica Phuph.: A. flowering branch; B. flowers; C. staminal column with numerous anthers; D. pistil; E. anther; F. stigma; G. cross-section of ovary. 200 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

A

BC

Figure 3. Thepparatia thailandica Phuph.: A. flowering branch; B.-C. habit. Photographed by R. Pooma. THAI FOR. BULL. (BOT.) 34: 201–205. 2006.

A new species of Tirpitzia (LINACEAE) from Thailand

PIYAKASET SUKSATHAN* & KAI LARSEN**

ABSTRACT. A third species of Tirpizia, T. bilocularis Suksathan & K.Larsen from N Thailand is described and illustrated with a short note on the genus. T. bilocularis is characterized by pink, fused corolla lobes forming a tube of 2.8–3.3 cm long, two styles, and a bilocular ovary. A key to all species in the genus and a distribution map are provided.

INTRODUCTION Tirpitzia Hallier f. is a small genus distributed from northern Thailand eastward to southern China and northern Vietnam. The genus was established by Hallier (1921) to accommodate an exceptional Chinese species originally described as Reinwardtia sinensis Hemsl. Six decades later, the second species, which closely resembles T. sinensis (Hemsl.) Hallier f. was described by Sha (1982) as T. ovoidea Chun et How ex W.L.Sha from the mountains of Guangxi, S. China. It has five styles and a 5-locular ovary instead of four as in the first species. Xu et al. (1998) also noted that Tirpitzia sinensis strongly resembles T. ovoidea, and that the only distinct characters separating these two species are the numbers of styles and ovary locules (4 in T. sinensis vs 5 in T. ovoidea). However, these seem to vary within the same plant (N.T. Hiep et al. 1240, N Vietnam-AAU). In this paper we prefer to recognize T. sinensis and T. ovoidea as two separate species until more information is obtained. In case they are conspecific then the older epithet is sinensis. A third distinct Tirpitzia species was discovered in 2000 during botanical exploration in Northern Thailand. The new species has a bilocular ovary and a long corolla tube formed by fusion of the claws (sutures are visible), both characters that are rare in Linaceae (Heywood 1993). It also shares some characters with two related genera, i.e. Reinwardtia Dumort. in its habit (subshrub), and Anisadenia Wall. ex C.F. Meisner in having glandular bristles on both sepals and stipules. Nevertheless, the combination of having salver-shaped flowers, a bifurcate apex of each locule in mature fruits, and winged seeds, leaves no doubt about its placement in the genus Tirpitzia. A more intensive study of morphology and a molecular analysis are needed to clarify the relationships among these genera. It was found growing scattered in open scrub vegetation along limestone mountain ridges (see Fig.1 for distribution of all species). This new discovery changed the revision of the Thai native Linaceae by Larsen (1997) from two genera and two species (Anisadenia saxatilis Wall. ex

* Herbarium, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P.O. Box 7, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand. ** Herbarium, Biological Institute, University of Aarhus, Building 137, Universitetsparken, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. 202 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

C.F. Meisner and Reinwardtia indica Dumort.) to three genera and three species. A key to all three species of Tirpitzia and a description of the new species, T. bilocularis Suksathan & K.Larsen, is provided below.

Figure 1. Distribution map of three Tirpitzia species in E Asia based on Xu et al. (1998) and specimens kept at AAU.

KEY TO THE SPECIES

1. Corolla pink, lobes fused at the base forming a tube of 2.8–3.3 cm long, styles 2, ovary 2- locular T. bilocularis 1. Corolla white, lobes free, styles 4 or 5, ovary 4- or 5-locular 2. Styles 4, ovary 4-locular, leaves obovate, chartaceous to subcoriaceous T. sinensis 2. Styles 5, ovary 5-locular, leaves elliptic, chartaceous T. ovoidea

Tirpitzia bilocularis Suksathan & K.Larsen, sp. nov. A speciebus ceteris generis, T. sinensi et T. ovoidea differt stipulis anguste reniformibus ad marginem glandulisetosis, floribus roseis, lobis corollae in tubum c. 3 cm longum coalitis, stylis 2, ovario biloculari. Typus: Thailand, Doi Nang Non, Mae Fha Luang subdistrict, , alt. 1300 m, 27 August 2000, S. Watthana et al. 843 (holotypus QBG; isotypi AAU, BKF, K). Figs. 2–3. Subshrub up to 50 cm high. Twigs few, 1–4 mm diameter, pilose when young, later glabrous. Leaves chartaceous; stipules depressed-reniform, 0.8–1.5 by 1–4 mm, pilose when young, margins with 0.5–1.0 mm long pink glandular bristles; petiole 0.8–1.6 cm long; lamina elliptic to narrowly ovate, 2.9–6.5 by 1.4–3.5 cm, pilose when young, entire, base attenuate, rarely cuneate, each side with or without a row of 0.5–1.0 mm long white to pink glandular bristles, apex acute. Flowers pink, heterostylous, solitary or in 3–5-flowered A NEW SPECIES OF TIRPITZIA (LINACEAE) FROM THAILAND (P. SUKSATHAN & K. LARSEN) 203

Figure 2. Tirpitzia bilocularis Suksathan & Larsen: A. habit; B. young twig, showing stipules; C. leaf; D. flower bud; E. stamen; F. pistils and ovary-cross section; G. fruit; H. seed. 204 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34 terminal cymes 2.5–7.0 cm long; bracts leaf-like, pilose on lower surface, 4–6 per inflorescence, narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, 3–14 by 1–3 mm, margins with 0.5–1.0 mm long glandular bristles, apex acute. Sepals 5, light green, quincuncial, partly fused at the base, pilose on outer surface, lanceolate, 10–12 by 2.0–2.5 mm, margin with two rows of 0.5– 1.0 mm long, white to pink glandular bristles, apex rounded. Corolla salver-shaped; tube white, 2.8–3.3 cm long, c 2.5 mm diameter; lobes 5, pink with darker veins, broadly obovate, 1.5–1.6 by 1.4–1.5 cm, apex slightly emarginate. Stamens 5, glabrous; filaments shortly exserted in short-styled flowers, 2.2–2.7 cm long, enclosed in long-styled flowers, 1.0–1.1 cm long, base connate forming a tube 6–7 mm long, alternating with 2–4 teeth-like staminodes c. 0.5 mm long, free part filiform; anther white, cylindric, 3–3.5 mm long. Ovary ovoid, 2- locular, c. 2 mm long, glabrous, each locule with 2 ovules; styles 2, white, filiform, exserted in long-styled flowers, 3.3–3.5 cm long, and enclosed in short-styled flowers, 2.0–2.3 cm long, the basal part fused at least 5/6 of the length with a visible suture; stigma white, capitate, c. 0.5 mm diameter. Capsule ellipsoid, 15.0–17.5 by ca 3.5 mm, glabrous, surrounded by the persistent calyx, septicidally dehiscent, 2-valved; seeds 3 or 4, winged, ca 9 by 1.5 mm. Thailand.— NORTHERN: Chiang Rai [Doi Nang Non, Mae Fa Luang subdistrict, 27 Aug. 2000, Watthana et al. 843 (holotype QBG; isotypes AAU, BKF, K); same locality as the type, 22 Jan. 2000, Suksathan et al. 2243 (AAU, QBG)]. Distribution.— Known only from the type locality. Ecology.— Open scrub vegetation along limestone mountain ridges, ca. 1200–1300 m.

Vernacular.— Nang On (π“ßÕÕπ) (The name is given by the authors).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors wish to thank B.L. Burtt from the Royal Botanical Garden Edinburgh for his useful comments, Benjamin Øllgaard for supplying the Latin diagnoses. Thanks also giving to the curators of AAU, C, KUN and QBG herbaria for making material available for study.

REFERENCES

Hallier, E. H. (1921). Tirpitzia. Beihefte Bot. Centralbl. 39(2): 5. Heywood, V. H. (1993). Linaceae: Flowering plants of the world. Oxford University press. New York. 207–208. Larsen, K. (1997). Linaceae. In: Santisuk, T. & Larsen, K. (eds.). Flora of Thailand 6(3). 192–196. Sha, W. L. (1982). A new species of Tirpitzia (Linaceae). Guihaia 2 (4): 189–190. Xu, L. G., Huang C. C., Liou, Y.X., Li, P.T. and Zhang, Y.T. (1998). Linaceae. in Xu, L. G. & Huang, C. C. (eds.). Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, Beijing. 43(1): 94–108. A NEW SPECIES OF TIRPITZIA (LINACEAE) FROM THAILAND (P. SUKSATHAN & K. LARSEN) 205

Figure 3. Tirpitzia bilocularis Suksathan & Larsen. Photographed by Somkuan Suk-eam. THAI FOR. BULL. (BOT.) 34: 206–214. 2006.

Notes on the genus Piper L. (Piperaceae) in Thailand

CHALERMPOL SUWANPHAKDEE*, SUMON MASUTHON*, PRANOM CHANTARANOTHAI**, KONGKANDA CHAYAMARIT*** & NUCHATRA CHANSUVANICH****

ABTRACT. Piper caninum Blume, P. muricatum Blume, P. magnibaccum C.DC., P. ramipilum C.DC., and P. ridleyi C. DC. are newly recorded for Thailand. These species are described and illustrated with line drawings and photographs. P. magnibaccum is lectotypified.

Piper is the largest genus in the family Piperaceae with approximately 1,000 species (Tebbs, 1993). The distribution is mainly in the New World and in the Old World especially in Malaysia (Yuncker, 1958). Nineteen species have been enumerated in Thailand (The Forest Herbarium, 2001). The genus can be easily recognized on gross morphological characters, but it is difficult to identify to species. The genus is characterized by being either monoecious or dioecious, with leaves that are simple, alternate and entire. The inflorescences are spikes or catkins with dense or sparse flowers on the rachis. The flowers are unisexual or bisexual, very small, without sepal and petal and floral bracts are different in shape. The ovary has one locule and the fruit is a drupe. During revisionary work on the genus in Thailand the following new records have been found. In addition P. magnibaccum is lectotypified. Prof.Dr. P. Chantaranothai and I are working on the account of the family Piperaceae for the Flora of Thailand.

Piper caninum Blume, Verh. Nat. Batav. Gen. 11: 214. 1826; Hook., Fl. Br. Ind. 5: 82. 1887; Ridl., Fl. Mal. Pen. 3: 38. 1924; Henderson, Mal. Wild Flow. 6(3): 422. 1951; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java 1: 171. 1963. Type: Indonesia, Java. Figs. 1 & 4 A–D. Woody climber, dioecious, glabrous, puberulous or pilose; node swollen with adventitious roots. Leaves chartaceous, elliptic, elliptic-oblong, ovate or cordate, symmetric or asymmetric, 3–15.5 by 2.5–5 cm, apex acuminate, base rounded, cuneate or cordate,

*Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. **Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. ***Forest Herbarium (BKF), National Park Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. ****Medicinal Plant Research Institute, Department of Medical Science, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Present address of the first author: King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Chumphon campus, Chumphon 86160, Thailand. NOTES ON THE GENUS PIPER L. (PIPERACEAE) IN THAILAND 207 margin glabrous, lower surface glabrous, puberulous or pilose, venation pinnipalmately 2- nerved, glabrous or puberulous; petioles 0.7–1.8 cm long, glabrous or puberulous; stipules lanceolate, glabrous, puberulous or pilose. Inflorescence terminal, petioles opposed, catkin, erect, cylindric, white; rachis hairy, with dense flowers; floral bract peltate, 2 mm diam., margin ciliate, stalk 0.5–0.6 mm long; peduncles puberulous or pilose. Male inflorescence 0.5–2.5 by 0.1–0.2 cm; peduncles 0.5–2.5 cm long. Male flower : stamens 3; filament ca. 0.8 mm long; anther ca. 0.8 mm long with 2 valves and longitudinal theca. Female inflorescence 0.6–1.2 by 0.1–0.2 cm; peduncles 3–6 mm long. Female flower : ovary elliptic, stigma star- shaped, 3–4-lobed, hairy. Infructescences 2–3 by 1 cm wide, erect, cylindric; peduncles 0.7– 2 cm long. Fruit ± globose, 3–4 mm diam. with stipe 3–5 mm long; sparse on rachis, ripening red, with persistent stigma. Thailand.—PENINSULAR: Chumphon [Khantchai 1145 (BKF); Jaray 81 (BK); Put 1570 (BK)]; Ranong [A.F.G. Kerr 11747 (BK), 16732 (BK), 16854 (BK)] Surat Thani [Khao Sok, V. Chamchumroon 866 (BKF); A.F.G. Kerr 12567 (BK), 13312 (BK); C. Suwanphakdee 113 (Kasetsart University Herbarium), 114 (DMSC)]; Phangnga [A.F.G. Kerr 17155 (BK), 18347 (BK)]; Krabi [A.F.G. Kerr 18561 (BK)]; Nakhon Si Thamamarat [Khao Luang, B. Hansen & T. Smitinand 11855 (BKF); H. Koyama et al. T-34049 (BKF); J.F. Maxwell 87-216 (BKF); Ploenchit 148 (BKF); Snan 531 (BKF), 973 (BKF); T. Shimizu et al. T-28978 (BKF); T. Smitinand 1001 (BKF); C. Suwanphakdee 55 (BK), 137 (BK), 139 (BKF)]; Phatthalung [A.F.G. Kerr 15321 (BK)]; Trang [Khao Chong, Ch. Charoenphol et al. 3506 (BKF); C. Chermsirivattana & K. Larsen 1649 (BKF); J.F. Maxwell 75-771 (BK), 75-801 (BK); D.J. Middleton et al. 322 (BKF); Rabil 244 (BK); P. Sangkhachand 1580 (BKF), 1827 (BK); T. Shimizu et al. T-27467 (BKF); C. Suwanphakdee 104 (BKF); Vacharapong 152 (BK)] Satun [A.F.G. Kerr 14544 (BK)]; Songkhla [Ton Nga Chang, A.F.G. Kerr 13663 (BK); J.F. Maxwell 84-424 (BKF), 84-482 (BKF), 85-20 (BKF), 85-1085 (BKF, CMU), 86-31 (BKF, CMU), 87-216 (BKF, CMU); R. Pooma et al. 1941 (BKF); C. Suwanphakdee 111 (KKU); Ko Hong, Hat Yai, P. Sirirugsa 1241 (AAU)]; Pattani [A.F.G. Kerr 7640 (BK)]; Yala [Bala Hala, C. Suwanphakdee 142 (DMSC)]. Distribution.— India, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore. Vernacular.— Prik nok (æ√°π°‘ ) (Trang). Ecology.—In evergreen or hill evergreen forest, by stream or waterfall. Flowering and Fruiting - all year round. Note.— The species has variable in shape and size of leaves, but the distinguishing features of P. caninum one the erect inflorescence and stipitate ovary.

Piper magnibaccum C.DC., Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 6(5): 301. 1912; Ridl., Fl. Mal. Pen. 3: 46. 1924. Type: Malaysia, Selangor, Samangko, Ridley 15569 (not located); Perak,Larut, King’s collector 6369 (not located); Maxwell’s Hill, Wray 4239 (not located); Curtis 2046 (SING!); Thaiping, Ridley 2963 (not located), Ridley 5480 (lectotype SING!; designated here). Woody climber, dioecious, glabrous; stem fleshy with 7 wings; node with adventitious roots. Leave coriaceous, fleshy, chartaceous when dry, elliptic or elliptic- ovate, asymmetric, 11–20 by 11–20 cm, apex acute, base cuneate, margin glabrous; venation palmately 3–4-nerved, glabrous; petioles 1.5–4.5 cm long, with 7 wings; stipules lanceolate- 208 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 1. Piper caninum Blume: A. flowering branch; B. a portion of female inflorescence; C. a portion of male inflorescence; D. floral bracts; E. ovary; F. stamen; G. infructescence. Drawn by L. Loekhachon and C. Suwanphakdee. NOTES ON THE GENUS PIPER L. (PIPERACEAE) IN THAILAND 209 oblong, glabrous. Inflorescence terminal, petiole opposed, catkin, pendulous, cylindric, green, rachis hairy, with dense flowers; floral bract ovate, 1–2 mm diam., peduncles 2–4 cm long. Male inflorescence unknown. Female inflorescence 2–20 by 0.2–0.3 cm, peduncles 2–5 cm long. Female flower: ovary elliptic, stigma star-shaped, 3–5-lobed, hairy. Infructescences 16–25 cm long, pendulous, cylindric; peduncles 3–5 cm long. Fruit ± globose or elliptic, ca. 0.5 cm diam., sparse on rachis, with pointed and curved apex; bract persistent. Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat [Khao Luang, C. Suwanphakdee 140 (DMSC); C.F. van Beusekom & C. Phengklai 831 (BKF)]; Yala [C. Niyomdham 5332 (BKF)]. Distribution.—Peninsular Malaysia. Ecology.— In evergreen forest, by stream. Fruiting March–April. Note.—The species is characterized by the 7-winged stem and petiole. Two collections at SING, H.N. Ridley 5480 & C. Curtis 2046 are mentioned in the original description. The first collection is chosen as lectotype because it is the better preserved of the two specimens.

Piper muricatum Blume, Verh. Batav. Nat. Gen.11: 219. 1826; Ridl., Fl. Mal. Pen. 3: 32. 1924; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java. 1: 169. 1963. Type: Indonesia, Java.

Shrub 1–2 m high, dioecious, stem scabrous or hirsute, terminal branch with velutinous hairs; node swollen. Leaves chartaceous, ovate or rhomboids, asymmetric, 19– 25 by 10–12 cm, apex acute or acuminate, base oblique, rounded or cordate, margin hairy, scabrous, strigose or hirsute on both surfaces; venation pinnately 4–5-nerved, scabrous, strigose or hirsute on both surfaces; petioles 0.5–1.2 cm long, scabrous; stipules lanceolate with velutinous hairs. Inflorescence terminal or in the upper axis, petiole opposed, catkin, erect, cylindric, rachis hairy, with dense flowers, floral bract peltate or rounded, 1–2 mm diam., with a short stalk or sessile. Male Inflorescence unknown. Female Inflorescence ca. 7.5 cm long, peduncles 0.8–2 cm long, scabrous. Female flower: ovary more or less globose, stigma star-shaped, 3–5-lobed, hairy, Infructescences 7.5 by 1.5 cm, erect, cyclindric; peduncles ca. 1.5 cm long. Fruit ± globose, 3–4 mm diam., sparse on rachis; stipe 5–6 mm long, ripening fruit yellow, turning red when mature. Thailand.—PENINSULAR: Narathiwat [C.S.S. 276 (BKF); Supee et al. 45678 (AAU, BKF); S.S. Larsen et al. 4628 (BKF)]. Distribution.— Peninsular Malaysia. Ecology.—Along trail to waterfall in evergreen forest. Flowering & fruiting May- June. Note.—The species has fruit shorter than stipe.

Piper ramipilum C.DC., Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 6(1): 3. 1912; Ridl., Fl. Mal. Pen. 3: 39. 1924. Type: Malaysia, Penang,Gunong Bulang, Kunstler 270 (not located); Balik, Palau, Curtis 792 (SING!), Kunstler 1481 (not located), Deschamps s.n.(not located); Perak, Gunong Keledang, Ridley 9582 (not located), Larut, King’s collector 3574 (not located); Johore, Bukit Saya, Ridley 11022 (not located). Figs. 2 & 4 E–H. 210 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Woody climber, dioecious, with ramulose hairs when young, glabescent, terminal branch with dense ramulose hairs, node swollen with adventitious roots. Leaves lamina chartaceous or slightly coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, elliptic or cordate, asymmetric, 9.5–13 by 2–2.5 cm, apex acuminate, acute or caudate, base oblique or cordate, margin glabrous, lower surface with ramulose hairs, venation pinnately 2–3-nerved, petioles 4–8 mm long, ramulose; stipules lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, with ramulose hairs. Inflorescence terminal or in upper axis, petiole opposed, catkin, pendulous, cylindric white to green, rachis glabrous, with dense flowers; floral bract rounded, ca. 1 mm diam. Male Inflorescence 9–12 by 0.1–0.3 cm; peduncles 1–2 cm long, with ramulose hairs. Male flower : filament ca. 0.2 mm long, anther oblong, row of stamens alternately with row of floral bracts. Female inflorescence 6–8 by 0.1–0.2 cm; peduncles 1.2–1.5 cm long, with ramulose hais. Female flower: ovary more or less globose, connate at base, stigma star-shaped, 3–4-lobed, hairy. Infructescences 6–13.5 by 0.3 cm, pendulous, cylindric; peduncles 2.5–4 cm long, with ramulose hairs. Fruit globose, 1–2 mm diam., dense and connate at base to the middle part of infructescence, ripening fruit red, stigma and floral bract persistent. Thailand.—PENINSULAR: Nakhon Si Thammarat [Khao Luang, T. Smitinand 781 (BKF); C. Suwanphakdee 136 (BK, BKF, DMSC, KKU)]; Trang [Khao Chong, C. Bunnab 469 (BKF); P. Sangkhachand 1997 (BKF); C. Suwanphakdee 105 (BK, BKF)]; Songkhla [Ton Nga Chang, C. Suwanphakdee 110 (DMSC, KKU)]. Distribution.— Peninsular Malaysia. Vernacular.—Prik khao (æ√°‡¢“‘ ) (Nakhon Si Thammarat). Ecology.—In shaded or open area by stream in evergreen forest. Flowering March. Fruiting June. Note.— All parts of P. ramipilum are characterized by ramulose hairs except on the rachis and fruit.

Piper ridleyi C.DC., Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 10: 19. 1919; Ridl., Fl. Mal. Pen. 3: 33. 1924. Type: Malaysia, Selangor, Suiting Peras, Ridley 7609 (SING!); Perak, Maxwell’s Hill, Curtis 2047 (not located), Waterloo 2697 (not located), Kunstler 10784, Gunong Batu Patek, Wray 428 (not located). Fig. 3.

Shrub 1–2 m high, dioecious, terminal branch woolly, node swollen. Leaves lamina chartaceous, elliptic or more or less rounded, asymmetric, 19–25 by 12–15 cm, apex acuminate, base oblique or cordate, margin hairy, scabrous on both surfaces, venation pinnately 3–5-nerved, scabrous; petioles 0.4–1.5 cm long, more dense woolly or pilose than lamina; stipules lanceolate, woolly. Inflorescence terminal or in upper axis, petiole opposed, catkin, erect, cylindric, rachis hairy with dense flowers. Male Inflorescence unknown. Female Inflorescence ca. 7.5 cm long; peduncles 0.5–2 cm long, woolly. Female flower : ovary ovate, stigma star-shaped, 3–5-lobed, hairy, floral bract peltate or rounded, ca. 1 mm diam., with short stalk or sessile. Infructescence 7.5 by 1.5 cm, erect, cylindric; peduncles ca. 1.5 cm long, pilose or woolly. Fruit ±globose, 4–5 mm diam., sparse on rachis, stipe 2–3 cm long.

Thailand.— PENINSULAR: Yala [Betong, A.F.G. Kerr 7443 (BK); M.C. Lakshnakara 820 (BK)], Narathiwat [K. Larsen & S.S. Larsen 32890 (BKF); C. Niyomdham & P. Puudjaa 4978 (BKF); C.S.S. 210 (BKF); C. Suwanphakdee 144 (BKF, DMSC)]. NOTES ON THE GENUS PIPER L. (PIPERACEAE) IN THAILAND 211

Figure 2. Piper ramipilum C.DC.: A. branch with infructescences; B. ramulose hairs on lower leaf surface; C. male inflorescences; D. a portion of male inflorescence; E. mature stamen (size view); F. dehiscent stamen (size view); G. floral bracts; H. a portion of female inflorescence; I. ovary; J. a portion of infructescence. Drawn by L. Loekhachon and C. Suwanphakdee. 212 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 3. Piper ridleyi C.DC.: A. branch with infructescence; B. a portion of female inflorescence; C. floral bract (upper: top view, lower size view); D. ovary; E. fruit. Drawn by L. Loekhachon and C. Suwanphakdee. NOTES ON THE GENUS PIPER L. (PIPERACEAE) IN THAILAND 213

Distribution.—Peninsular Malaysia. Ecology.— In evergreen forest or open area near waterfall. Flowering & Fruiting June-July. Note.—Two specimens from BK, A.F.G. Kerr 7443 and M.C. Lakshnakara 820 were determined by Wilson (1972) as P. muricatum. P. ridleyi is closely related to P. muricatum but differs in the fruit which is longer than the stipe.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We gratefully thank the curator of AAU, BK, BKF, CMU, DMSC, KKU and SING for kind permission to study the specimens and references. We also thank Miss La- Ongdao Loekhachon for the line drawings. This work was supported by Biodiversity Research and Training Program, a joint programme supported by the Thailand Research Fund and National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, grant T_147017.

REFERENCES

Forest Herbarium. (2001). Thai Plant Names Tem Smitinand, revised edition. Royal Forest Department. Tebbs, M.C. (1993). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plant. Vol. II. Springer-Verlag. Berlin. Wilson, G.C. (1972). New Plants Records from Thailand. Kew Bull. 26(1): 147–148. Yuncker, T.G. (1958). The Piperaceae - a family profile. Brittonia. 10: 1–7. 214 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

A B

C D

E F

G H

Figure 4. Piper caninum Blume: A. habit; B. male inflorescences; C. female inflorescence; D. infructescence. P. ramipilum C.DC.: E. habit & infructescences; F. male inflorescences; G. floral bracts; H. stamens (top view). Photographed by C. Suwanphakdee. THAI FOR. BULL. (BOT.) 34: 215–221. 2006.

Dioscorea pseudo-tomentosa Prain & Burkill (Dioscoreaceae); an endangered limestone endemic of central Thailand

CHIRDSAK THAPYAI*, PAUL WILKIN** & KONGKANDA CHAYAMARIT***

ABSTRACT. Dioscorea pseudo-tomentosa Prain & Burkill (Dioscoreaceae) is a compound-leaved species endemic to the province of Saraburi in Central Thailand, an area threatened by the extraction of limestone. It should be regarded as endangered, and it is recommended that it be brought into cultivation in a Thai botanic garden as soon as possible to ensure its survival. The fruit of D. pseudo-tomentosa is described and illustrated for the first time.

INTRODUCTION In their regional monograph of Asian Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae), Prain & Burkill (1936) cited just two specimens of D. pseudo-tomentosa Prain & Burkill, both from the province of Saraburi. The staminate type specimen (Prain & Burkill, 1927) from Khao Sisiat A near Muak Lek and a pistillate flowering specimen from Ban Hin Lap were collected, respectively, in 1925 and 1928. Unlike many of the Thai species of Dioscorea they described, Prain & Burkill had access to all parts of the plants of D. pseudo-tomentosa except the capsules. They were therefore able to discern that the compound leaves, staminate flowers with three stamens and three staminodes and tubers borne on long “stalks” showed that it was most closely related to D. arachidna Prain & Burkill. They considered it to differ mainly in its pubescence, D. arachidna being “sparingly hairy”, in contrast to the dense tomentum of D. pseudo-tomentosa. Prain & Burkill (1936) also believed that the two species differed in leaflet shape, and suggested that D. arachidna and D. pseudo-tomentosa might be able to hybridise, citing a Put specimen as a possible hybrid. Research towards a treatment of Dioscoreaceae for the Flora of Thailand has uncovered just one herbarium specimen of D. pseudo-tomentosa collected since 1936. A population was also discovered at Ban Ang Hin, which yielded several specimens from multiple visits. This collecting strategy allowed capsules with mature seeds to be described and illustrated below for the first time. The conservation status of the species is also considered and recommendations made regarding its protection.

* Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand. ** Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK. *** Forest Herbarium (BKF), National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, 61 Phahonyothin Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. 216 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

MATERIALS & METHODS

The treatment of Dioscoreaceae for the Flora of Thailand is based on examination of 1220 specimens from Thailand at the following herbaria: AAU, B, BK, BKF, BM, CMU, E, K, L, P, Biology Department, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok (PNU) and QSBG. Abbreviations (except PNU) follow Holmgren & Holmgren (1990). Comparative morphology was used to delimit species.

DESCRIPTION

Dioscorea pseudo-tomentosa Prain & Burkill, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1927: 234. 1927; Prain & Burkill in Lecomte, Fl. Indo-Chine 6: 718. 1934; Prain & Burkill, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 14(1): 139. 1936. Type: Thailand, Saraburi, Muak Lek, Khao Sisiat A [Kao Sisiat-a], B & fl. 15 July 1925, Nai Noe 102 (holotype K!; isotype BM!). Figs 1–3. Slender climber to 4 m (Fig. 3A). Tubers (Fig. 2L, M) 3–6, to at least 20 cm long, annually replaced, slender, ca. 5 mm in diam., cylindric, spreading, often branched, some branches and possibly apices swollen, swollen parts 1.5–2.2 by 1.3–2 cm, ovoid to globose, tuber epidermis thinly chartaceous, yellowish brown, parenchyma yellowish white, with little mucilage. Indumentum (Fig. 1B) on all parts except on inner whorl tepals, hairs simple, 0.1–1.5 mm long, white or greyish brown. Stems 1.2–2.5 mm in diameter, twining to the left, annual, terete, unarmed, yellowish green or dark green. Leaves (Fig. 1A, 3A, D) 3-foliolate, sometimes simple on reproductive shoots, alternate, chartaceous, yellowish green or mid- green, abaxially paler; terminal blade of leaflet 3.2–8.8 by 2.5–6.1 cm, obovate to broadly obovate, base acute, apex obtuse to rounded, only single main vein reaching apex, abaxially prominent, secondary veins emerging laterally from main vein, not anastomosing; blade of lateral leaflets 2.8–8 by 2–6.3 cm, ovate to broadly ovate, usually asymmetric, base and apex obtuse to rounded, 2-nerved (Fig. 1A), only main vein reaching apex; forerunner tips 0.8– 1.6 mm long, filiform, brown to dark brown, one per leaflet; petiole 1.2–3.8 cm long, slender, terete with an adaxial channel, colour as stem; petiolules 1.5–7 mm long. Cataphylls (Fig. 1C) 1.5–2.2 by 2.3–2.5 mm, ovate, apex 1.2–1.4 mm long, acuminate. Bulbils and lateral nodal organs absent. Inflorescences pendent, axes slender, terete, densely pubescent, colours as stem; all bracts and tepals chartaceous, tepals inserted on flat discoid torus, erect, free, pale green or bright yellow, apex cucullate. Staminate inflorescences (Fig. 1A, D, 3B, C) racemose, compound, 2.5–28 cm long, 1–2(– 3) per axil, primary bracts (Fig. 1E) 1– 3.1 by 0.5–0.8 mm, ovate, apex 0.5–0.7 mm long, acuminate; partial inflorescences (Weberling 1989) 1–2(– 3) per axil, peduncle 2–4 mm long, axis only one per raceme 0.8–3 cm long. Pistillate inflorescences (Fig. 2A) spicate, simple, 1–3 per axil, peduncle 1.3–4 cm, axis 1.5– 15 cm long. Staminate flowers (Fig. 1F) opening by small apical pore at anthesis, pedicels 0.5–0.9 mm long; floral bracts (Fig. 1J) 1–1.3 by 1.4–1.7 mm, broadly ovate, apices 0.1–0.5 mm long, acuminate; bracteoles (Fig. 1K) 1.1–1.3 by 0.8–1.1 mm, ovate, apices 0.1–0.2 mm long, acuminate; outer tepals (Fig. 1L) 1.3–1.4 by 0.8–0.9 mm, obovate, apex obtuse; inner tepals (Fig. 1M) 0.9–1.2 by 0.7–0.8 mm, obovate to obovate-spathulate, apex acute to obtuse; stamens 3 (Fig. 1G, H, L), inserted on outer tepal bases, filaments 0.2–0.35 mm long, anthers 0.25–0.35 by 0.35–0.45 mm, ovate-oblong; staminodes 3 (Fig. 1G, H, M), 0.7–0.8 mm long, narrowly oblanceolate to flattened-clavate; pistillodes (Fig. 1H) 0.5–0.9 by 0.3–0.4 DIOSCOREA PSEUDO-TOMENTOSA PRAIN & BURKILL (DIOSCOREACEAE); AN ENDANGERED LIMESTONE ENDEMIC OF CENTRAL THAILAND 217 mm, fused to form an erect column, 3-lobed. Pistillate flowers (Fig. 2B) orientated at angle of 15º–60º to axis when receptive; floral bracts (Fig. 2D) 1–1.5 by 1–1.3 mm, broadly ovate, apex 0.5–0.7 mm long, shortly acuminate; bracteoles (Fig. 2E) 0.5–0.6 by 0.6–0.7 mm, apices 0.25–0.3 mm long, acuminate; outer tepals (Fig. 2F) 0.8–1.2 by 0.6–0.7 mm, ovate to ovate- oblong, apex obtuse; inner tepals (Fig. 2G) 0.4–0.5 by 0.3–0.4 mm, oblong, apex obtuse; ovary (Fig. 2B) 2–4.5 by 1–2.8 mm, elliptic in outline, densely pubescent, pale green or yellowish green; staminodes 6 (Fig. 2C, F, G), 0.05–0.15 mm long, outer whorl staminiform, inner whorl filiform, inserted on base of tepals; styles (Fig. 2C) 0.3–0.4 by 0.25–0.3 mm, fused to form an erect column; stigmas (Fig. 2C) 0.25–0.3 mm, recurved. Infructescences (Fig. 2H, 3D, E) 4.3–12.5 mm long; capsules (Fig. 2J, 3E) 14.5–23 by 11.5–14 mm, oblong to narrowly obovate in outline, base truncate to shallowly retuse, sinus to 1 mm deep, apex truncate to obtuse, stipe of capsule 2–3 mm long, filiform, immature capsules yellowish green or mid green, mature capsules reflexed at an angle of 120º–160º to axis, 14.5–23 by 11.5–14 mm. Seeds (Fig. 2J, K) 4–6 by 4–5 mm, oblong-lenticular to ovoid-lenticular, wings oblong, apex rounded, extending from base of seeds, upper wings of seeds 6.5–10 by 4.5– 5.5 mm, lower wings of seeds 6 –7 by 4–5 mm.

Thailand.— CENTRAL: Saraburi [Ban Hin Lap, B & fl. 18 Aug. 1929, Put 2404 (BK, BM, E, K), B & fl. 28 Aug. 1963, Smitinand & Sleumer 1105 (BKF, K), Khao Si Siat, Muak Lek, B & fl. 15 July 1925, Nai Noe 102 (isotype BK!, isotype BM!, holotype K!), Budhanimit Temple, Ban Ang Hin, Muak Lek Distr., B & fl. 30 June 2002, Thapyai 419, 420 & 422 (BK, BKF, PNU), fl. & fr. 27 Oct. 2001, Thapyai 226, 227 & 228 (BK, BKF, PNU, QSBG)]. Distribution.— Known only from the province of Saraburi in the central plains of Thailand. Vernacular name.— Man saeng hin (¡π· ßÀ— π)‘ (Hin Lap, Saraburi). Habitat.— Open areas in open forest and scrub on limestone. Elevation ca. 100 m. Flowering June to August, fruiting September to November. Conservation.— Dioscorea pseudo-tomentosa has been collected in just three localities, of which only Ban Ang Hin has yielded specimens since 1970. The limestone hills of the province of Saraburi harbour numerous endemic species and are subject to a high degree of environmental damage and destruction through limestone extraction for cement- making (Middleton & Santisuk 2001). Thus D. pseudo-tomentosa is endangered; probable IUCN rating EN B1ab(iii) 2ab (iii) (IUCN 2001). We recommend that material from all three known populations be brought into cultivation at Phukae Botanical Garden near Saraburi as soon as possible. Notes.— Dioscorea pseudo-tomentosa differs from D. arachidna in its pedicellate staminate flower and densely pubescent leaves and tepals. Dioscorea craibiana has pedicellate staminate flowers, but glabrous leaves and the terminal leaflet has three main veins. All three species have several slender, spreading tubers with swollen branches or apices, while all other compound-leaved species in Thailand have one or two vertically oriented tubers. The specimen suspected by Prain & Burkill (1936) of being a hybrid between D. arachidna and D. pseudo-tomentosa (Put 4373) has proven to be D. craibiana based on the characters used above; there is no evidence that hybrids occur between D. arachidna and D. pseudo-tomentosa, even though they are sympatric in Saraburi. 218 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

Figure 1. Dioscorea pseudo-tomentosa (staminate plant): A. habit with inflorescence; B. hairs; C. cataphyll; D. partial inflorescence; E. primary bracts, showing some of the variation in shape and size; F.–L. flower; F. side view, showing floral bract and bracteole; G. view from above, tepals opened; H. longitudinal section showing stamens, staminodes and pistillode; J., K. floral bract and bracteole dorsal and ventral surfaces respectively; L., M. outer and inner tepal dorsal and ventral surfaces respectively, showing position of stamen (outer) and staminode insertion.(A.–B., D.–M. from Nai Noe 102, C. from Put 2404. Drawn by C. Thapyai. DIOSCOREA PSEUDO-TOMENTOSA PRAIN & BURKILL (DIOSCOREACEAE); AN ENDANGERED LIMESTONE ENDEMIC OF CENTRAL THAILAND 219

Figure 2. Dioscorea pseudo-tomentosa (pistillate plant): A. inflorescences; B.–G. flower; B. side view showing ovary, floral bract and bracteole; C. longitudinal section (excluding ovary) showing staminodes, style and stigmas; D., E. floral bract and bracteole dorsal and ventral surfaces respectively; F., G. outer and inner tepal dorsal and ventral surfaces respectively, showing position of staminode insertion; H. infructescence; J. mature capsule, longitudinal section showing seed position in locule; K. seeds; L. underground organs, showing woody crown, crown roots and slender, spreading, branching part of tubers; M. swollen tuber branches.A.– G., L., M. from Put 2404; H.–K. from Thapyai 227. Drawn by C. Thapyai. 220 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) 34

A

A

B C

D E

Figure 3. Dioscorea pseudo-tomentosa colour photographs: A. habit with immature staminate inflorescences; B. immature staminate inflorescence; C. mature male inflorescences; D. immature infructescence; E. infructescence with dehisced capsules. Photograph by C. Thapyai. DIOSCOREA PSEUDO-TOMENTOSA PRAIN & BURKILL (DIOSCOREACEAE); AN ENDANGERED LIMESTONE ENDEMIC OF CENTRAL THAILAND 221

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CT would like to express his gratitude to the QSBG - DANCED Program for granting a scholarship for research and study at the Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University. We thank the staff of the National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department who helped us, especially Somran Suddee. Thanks also to Phillip Cribb for critically reading an earlier version of this manuscript, and to two anonymous reviewers for their comments.

REFERENCES

Holmgren, P.K. & Holmgren, N.H. (1990). Index Herbariorum. Part 1: the Herbaria of the World. 8th Edition. NYBG Press, New York. IUCN. (2001). IUCN Red List Categories: Version 3.1. Prepared by the IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK. Middleton, D.J. & Santisuk, T. (2001). A new species of Wrightia (Apocynaceae: Apocynoideae) from Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 29:1–10. Prain, D. & Burkill, I.H. (1927). The genus Dioscorea in Siam. Kew Bull.: 225–247. ______. (1936). An account of the genus Dioscorea in the East, Part 1. The species which twine to the left. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 14(1): 1–210. Weberling, F. (1989). Morphology of Flowers and Inflorescences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) No. 34, 2006

CONTENTS

Page Pasakorn Bunchalee & Pranom Chantaranothai. Notes on Polyalthia (Annonaceae) 1–3 Voradol Chamchumroon. A checklist of the genus Ixora L. (Rubiaceae) in Thailand 4–24 Bhanumas Chantarasuwan & Siriporn Thong-Aree. Five species of Ficus (Moraceae) new for Thailand 25–37 Willem J.J.O. De Wilde & Brigitta E.E. Duyfjes. Mukia Arn. (Cucurbitaceae) in Asia, in particular in Thailand 38–52 Chamlong Phengklai. A synoptic account of the Fagaceae of Thailand 53–175 Phongsak Phonsena. Spigelia (Loganiaceae), a new generic record for Thailand 176–178 Leena Phuphathanapong. New taxa of Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae) from Thailand 179–194 ______. Thepparatia (Malvaceae), a new genus from Thailand 195–200 Piyakaset Suksathan & Kai Larsen. A new species of Tirpitzia (Linaceae) from Thailand 201–205 Chalermpol Suwanphakdee, Sumon Masuthon, Pranom Chantaranothai, Kongkanda Chayamarit & Nuchatra Chansuvanich. Notes on the genus Piper L. (Piperaceae) in Thailand 206–214 Chirdsak Thapyai, Paul Wilkin & Kongkanda Chayamarit. Dioscorea pseudo-tomentosa Prain & Burkill (Dioscoreaceae); an endangered limestone endemic of central Thailand 215–221

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