DOCSLIB.ORG

And Phorodon Humuli (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Oregon Hop Yards

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
And Phorodon Humuli (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Oregon Hop Yards Development of Biological Control of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Phorodon humuli (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Oregon Hop Yards Woods, J. L., Dreves, A. J., James, D. G., Lee, J. C., Walsh, D. B., & Gent, D. H. (2014). Development of Biological Control of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Phorodon humuli (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Oregon Hop Yards. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(2), 570-581. doi:10.1603/EC13488 10.1603/EC13488 Entomological Society of America Version of Record http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse BIOLOGICAL AND MICROBIAL CONTROL Development of Biological Control of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Phorodon humuli (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Oregon Hop Yards 1 1 2 3 2 4,5 J. L. WOODS, A. J. DREVES, D. G. JAMES, J. C. LEE, D. B. WALSH, AND D. H. GENT J. Econ. Entomol. 107(2): 570Ð581 (2014); DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/EC13488 ABSTRACT The temporal development of biological control of arthropod pests in perennial crop- ping systems is largely unreported. In this study, the development of biological control of twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and hop aphid, Phorodon humuli (Schrank), in a new planting of hop in Oregon is described over a period of 9 yr (2005Ð2013). Both the abundance and diversity of natural enemies increased over time. Known predators of hop aphid (Coccinellidae and Antho- coridae) were present in all years; however, stable biological control of hop aphid was not achieved in most years and aphicides were required to suppress populations at commercially acceptable levels in 5 of 9 yr. Populations of aphidophagous coccinellids developed synchronously with hop aphid populations, and temporal correlations indicated these are the primary predatory insect associated with hop aphid regulation. However, sampling methods did not assess levels of aphid parasitoids and hyperparasitoids and their contribution to biological control was unquantiÞed. Spider mite biological control was associated primarily with predatory mites (Phytoseiidae) and Stethorus spp. (Coccinel- lidae). The magnitude of temporal correlations of abundance of these predators with spider mites was found to be greatest on the same sampling dates and at lags of 7Ð14 d. Stable biological control of spider mites occurred after four Þeld seasons, suppressing spider mites to levels similar to those commonly achieved with chemical control. A survey of 11 commercial hop yards in Oregon documented pest and natural enemy densities under commercial management practices over a period of 4 yr (2008Ð2011). Natural enemy abundance in commercial hop yards was similar to that of a 2- to 3-yr-old hop yard with limited disturbance. Whereas total reliance on biological control for hop aphid is unlikely to be successful, there appears to be unrealized potential for biological control of spider mites in commercial production. Dynamic action thresholds that consider the value of natural enemies are needed for both pests. KEY WORDS conservation biological control, cross-correlation, integrated pest management Enhancing the environment through practices that longevity and efÞcacy of resident natural enemy pop- conserve natural enemy abundance and diversity has ulations to suppress pests (Barbosa 1998). The primary been termed conservation biological control (CBC; effort of CBC is directed toward encouraging the Ehler 1998). In the broadest sense, CBC seeks to resident natural enemy population to thrive through attract and maintain natural enemies and enhance the strategies such as use of selective pesticides, provision of refugia, and careful selection of cultural practices (Eilenberg et al. 2001). The use of trade, Þrm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not The hop plant, Humulus lupulus L., is a dioecious constitute an ofÞcial endorsement or approval by the United States perennial plant with annual shoots that can climb to Department of Agriculture or the Agricultural Research Service of heights Ͼ4Ð5 m in a single growing season (Neve any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. 1991). Female strobiles, termed cones, are produced 1 Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 109 Crop Science Bldg., Corvallis, OR 97331-3002. on lateral branches and contain the economically 2 Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Irri- valuable bittering acids and oils that act as a preser- gated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, 24106 North Bunn vative and ßavoring of beer (Neve 1991). This crop Rd., Prosser, WA 99350. offers a unique opportunity for assessing development 3 U.S. Department of AgricultureÐAgricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave., Corvallis, of CBC. The rapid growth habit of the plant, at times OR 97330. up to 15 cm per day, and production of copious 4 U.S. Department of AgricultureÐAgricultural Research Service, amounts of succulent leaf tissue are thought to make Forage and Cereal Research Unit, and Department of Botany and hop a preferred host of several arthropod pests and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331. diseases (Mahaffee et al. 2009). The two primary ar- 5 Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected]. thropod pests of hop in the northern hemisphere are April 2014 WOODS ET AL.: DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL IN HOP 571 the hop aphid, Phorodon humuli (Schrank), and the of the yard was Ϸ0.75 ha, and the yard was surrounded twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. by mowed grass and annual cereal or vegetable crops. Management of arthropod pests typically involves an- Hop plants were arranged on a 2.1-m grid pattern and nual applications of miticides and aphicides. Numer- under a 5-m trellis. Several studies occurred during the ous applications of foliar fungicides are also made for 9 yr of data collection that evaluated the impact of disease management (Gent et al. 2009, Mahaffee et al. sulfur and other fungicides on twospotted spider mite, 2009). hop aphid, and their natural enemies. Details of two of The potential for biological control of aphid pests these studies are provided in Gent et al. (2009) and and twospotted spider mite is well supported in sev- Woods et al. (2012), but only data from plots receiving eral systems, including hop (Aveling 1981, Neve 1991, no miticides or sulfur fungicides are reported herein. James and Barbour 2009, Weihrauch 2009). Aphids are In a given experiment, plots were arranged in a ran- preyed on by numerous predator, parasitoid, and domized complete block design with four or Þve rep- pathogen species (Frazer et al. 1981, Obrycki et al. licates. An individual plot consisted of 16 plants during 2009). For example, an assemblage of aphidophagous 2005 and 2006 and other 8 plants in other years. In all organisms preying on pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum experiments, the nontreated plots were separated by Harris) in alfalfa generally includes coccinellids, spi- at least one row of plants not treated with insecticides, ders, anystid mites, lacewings, syrphids, anthocorids, miticides, or fungicides. Standard production prac- phalangids, and aphidiids (Frazer et al. 1981). Hop tices for western Oregon were followed in all years. In aphids are commonly preyed on by members of coc- 2005, 2006, and 2007, irrigation was supplied by sprin- cinellids and anthocorids, although populations of at klers every 7Ð14 d as needed for crop development, least 50 aphids per leaf may be needed for the estab- whereas in subsequent years irrigation was supplied lishment of these predators. There is currently little daily by a surface drip system. In the planting year evidence to suggest stable and effective control of hop 2005, 46-0-0 fertilizer was applied to each plant by aphid can be achieved solely by parasitoids and patho- hand (Ϸ14 g per plant). Granular nitrogen, phospho- gens (Neve 1991, Trouve et al. 1997, HartÞeld et al. rous, and potassium were broadcast applied during 2001, Weihrauch 2009). 2006Ð2013 in April, May, and June according to stan- Predators of twospotted spider mite consist of many dard commercial recommendations (Gingrich et al. generalist arthropods, including members of the Ac- 2000), with total kilograms of nitrogen per hectare arina (e.g., Anystidae) and the insect orders Co- totaling 101, 54, 135, 135, 131, 137, 119, and 148, re- leoptera, Neuroptera, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, and spectively. Basal foliage and weeds were controlled Diptera. Specialist predators include certain phyto- during 2006Ð2013 with applications of herbicides, as seiid mites as well as mite-feeding lady beetles, Stetho- described in detail in Supp Table 1 (online only). rus spp. (Pruszynski and Cone 1972, Strong and Croft Throughout the duration of these studies, selective 1993, Biddinger et al. 2009). In natural conditions, insecticides were applied in certain years to reduce twospotted spider mite generally is regulated by pred- confounding effects from other pests. During 2007Ð atory arthropods (James et al. 2001, Gardiner et al. 2009, Bacillus thuringiensis (0.15 kg a.i./ha, Javelin 2003), suggesting that this pest could be effectively WG, Certis USA, LLC, Columbia, MD) was applied in suppressed by CBC in managed agroecosystems. July for the control of lepidopteran pests. During However, no studies in hop have actually quantiÞed 2007Ð2009, 2011, and 2012, pymetrozine (0.034 kg a.i./ the temporal development of biological control or ha, FulÞll, Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, attempted to identify the natural enemies most critical NC) was applied for the control of hop aphid when to its success. populations exceeded 90 aphids per leaf. An additional Our objectives in this study were to describe the application of imidacloprid was injected into the drip temporal development of biological control in hop, irrigation system (0.02 liters a.i./ha, Provado 1.6 F, identify the association of predatory arthropods with Bayer CropScience LP, Research Triangle Park, NC) hop aphid and twospotted spider mite, and assess the in July 2009.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biodiversity Climate Change Impacts Report Card Technical Paper 12. the Impact of Climate Change on Biological Phenology In
    Sparks Pheno logy Biodiversity Report Card paper 12 2015 Biodiversity Climate Change impacts report card technical paper 12. The impact of climate change on biological phenology in the UK Tim Sparks1 & Humphrey Crick2 1 Faculty of Engineering and Computing, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB 2 Natural England, Eastbrook, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge, CB2 8DR Email: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 Sparks Pheno logy Biodiversity Report Card paper 12 2015 Executive summary Phenology can be described as the study of the timing of recurring natural events. The UK has a long history of phenological recording, particularly of first and last dates, but systematic national recording schemes are able to provide information on the distributions of events. The majority of data concern spring phenology, autumn phenology is relatively under-recorded. The UK is not usually water-limited in spring and therefore the major driver of the timing of life cycles (phenology) in the UK is temperature [H]. Phenological responses to temperature vary between species [H] but climate change remains the major driver of changed phenology [M]. For some species, other factors may also be important, such as soil biota, nutrients and daylength [M]. Wherever data is collected the majority of evidence suggests that spring events have advanced [H]. Thus, data show advances in the timing of bird spring migration [H], short distance migrants responding more than long-distance migrants [H], of egg laying in birds [H], in the flowering and leafing of plants[H] (although annual species may be more responsive than perennial species [L]), in the emergence dates of various invertebrates (butterflies [H], moths [M], aphids [H], dragonflies [M], hoverflies [L], carabid beetles [M]), in the migration [M] and breeding [M] of amphibians, in the fruiting of spring fungi [M], in freshwater fish migration [L] and spawning [L], in freshwater plankton [M], in the breeding activity among ruminant mammals [L] and the questing behaviour of ticks [L].
    [Show full text]
  • Genetically Modified Baculoviruses for Pest
    INSECT CONTROL BIOLOGICAL AND SYNTHETIC AGENTS This page intentionally left blank INSECT CONTROL BIOLOGICAL AND SYNTHETIC AGENTS EDITED BY LAWRENCE I. GILBERT SARJEET S. GILL Amsterdam • Boston • Heidelberg • London • New York • Oxford Paris • San Diego • San Francisco • Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press, 32 Jamestown Road, London, NW1 7BU, UK 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1800, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA ª 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved The chapters first appeared in Comprehensive Molecular Insect Science, edited by Lawrence I. Gilbert, Kostas Iatrou, and Sarjeet S. Gill (Elsevier, B.V. 2005). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (þ44) 1865 843830, fax (þ44) 1865 853333, e-mail [email protected]. Requests may also be completed on-line via the homepage (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Insect control : biological and synthetic agents / editors-in-chief: Lawrence I. Gilbert, Sarjeet S. Gill. – 1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-12-381449-4 (alk. paper) 1. Insect pests–Control. 2. Insecticides. I. Gilbert, Lawrence I. (Lawrence Irwin), 1929- II. Gill, Sarjeet S. SB931.I42 2010 632’.7–dc22 2010010547 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-0-12-381449-4 Cover Images: (Top Left) Important pest insect targeted by neonicotinoid insecticides: Sweet-potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci; (Top Right) Control (bottom) and tebufenozide intoxicated by ingestion (top) larvae of the white tussock moth, from Chapter 4; (Bottom) Mode of action of Cry1A toxins, from Addendum A7.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Dynamics and Integrated Control of the Damson-Hop Aphid Phorodon Humuli (Schrank) on Hops in Spain A
    Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2013 11(2), 505-517 Available online at www.inia.es/sjar ISSN: 1695-971-X http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2013112-2968 eISSN: 2171-9292 Population dynamics and integrated control of the damson-hop aphid Phorodon humuli (Schrank) on hops in Spain A. Lorenzana1*, A. Hermoso-de-Mendoza2, M. V. Seco1 and P. A. Casquero1 1 Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad de León. Avda. Portugal, 41. 24071 León, Spain 2 Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA). Ctra. Moncada-Náquera, km 4,5. 46113 Moncada (Valencia), Spain Abstract The hop aphid Phorodon humuli (Schrank) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a serious pest in most areas where hops are grown. A field trial was performed on a hop yard throughout 2002, 2003 and 2004 in León (Spain) in order to analyse the population development of Phorodon humuli and its natural enemies, as well as to determine the most effective integrated program of insecticide treatments. The basic population development pattern of P. humuli was similar in the three years: the population peaked between mid to late June, and then decreased in late June/early July, rising again and reaching another peak in mid-July, after which it began to decline, rising once more in late August; this last rise is characteristic of Spain and has not been recorded in the rest of Europe. The hop aphid’s main natural enemy found on the leaves was Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). The multiple regression analysis showed that aphids are positively related with the presence of beetle eggs and mean daily temperatures and negatively related with maximum daily temperature integral above 27°C in plots without insecticide treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships and Subgeneric Classification of European
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 878:Phylogenetic 1–22 (2019) relationships and subgeneric classification of EuropeanEphedrus species 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.878.38408 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Phylogenetic relationships and subgeneric classification of European Ephedrus species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae) Korana Kocić1, Andjeljko Petrović1, Jelisaveta Čkrkić1, Milana Mitrović2, Željko Tomanović1 1 University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology. Studentski Trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 2 Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Department of Plant Pests, Banatska 33, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Corresponding author: Korana Kocić ([email protected]) Academic editor: K. van Achterberg | Received 21 July 2019 | Accepted 2 September 2019 | Published 7 October 2019 http://zoobank.org/9B51B440-ACFC-4E1A-91EA-32B28554AF56 Citation: Kocić K, Petrović A, Čkrkić J, Mitrović M, Tomanović Ž (2019) Phylogenetic relationships and subgeneric classification of EuropeanEphedrus species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Aphidiinae). ZooKeys 878: 1–22. https://doi. org/10.3897/zookeys.878.38408 Abstract In this study two molecular markers were used to establish taxonomic status and phylogenetic relation- ships of Ephedrus subgenera and species distributed in Europe. Fifteen of the nineteen currently known species have been analysed, representing three subgenera: Breviephedrus Gärdenfors, 1986, Lysephedrus Starý, 1958 and Ephedrus Haliday, 1833. The results of analysis of COI and EF1α molecular markers and morphological studies did not support this classification. Three clades separated by the highest genetic distances reported for the subfamily Aphidiinae on intrageneric level. Ephedrus brevis is separated from persicae and plagiator species groups with genetic distances of 19.6 % and 16.3 % respectively, while the distance between persicae and plagiator groups was 20.7 %.
    [Show full text]
  • The Interaction of Two-Spotted Spider Mites, Tetranychus Urticae Koch
    The interaction of two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch, with Cry protein production and predation by Amblyseius andersoni (Chant) in Cry1Ac/ Cry2Ab cotton and Cry1F maize Yan-Yan Guo, Jun-Ce Tian, Wang- Peng Shi, Xue-Hui Dong, Jörg Romeis, Steven E. Naranjo, Richard L. Hellmich & Anthony M. Shelton Transgenic Research Associated with the International Society for Transgenic Technologies (ISTT) ISSN 0962-8819 Volume 25 Number 1 Transgenic Res (2016) 25:33-44 DOI 10.1007/s11248-015-9917-1 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer International Publishing Switzerland. This e- offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Transgenic Res (2016) 25:33–44 DOI 10.1007/s11248-015-9917-1 ORIGINAL PAPER The interaction of two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch, with Cry protein production and predation by Amblyseius andersoni (Chant) in Cry1Ac/Cry2Ab cotton and Cry1F maize Yan-Yan Guo . Jun-Ce Tian . Wang-Peng Shi .
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary Assessment of Amblyseius Andersoni (Chant) As a Potential Biocontrol Agent Against Phytophagous Mites Occurring on Coniferous Plants
    insects Article A Preliminary Assessment of Amblyseius andersoni (Chant) as a Potential Biocontrol Agent against Phytophagous Mites Occurring on Coniferous Plants Ewa Puchalska 1,* , Stanisław Kamil Zagrodzki 1, Marcin Kozak 2, Brian G. Rector 3 and Anna Mauer 1 1 Section of Applied Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] (S.K.Z.); [email protected] (A.M.) 2 Department of Media, Journalism and Social Communication, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland; [email protected] 3 USDA-ARS, Great Basin Rangelands Research Unit, 920 Valley Rd., Reno, NV 89512, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: Amblyseius andersoni (Chant) is a predatory mite frequently used as a biocontrol agent against phytophagous mites in greenhouses, orchards and vineyards. In Europe, it is an indige- nous species, commonly found on various plants, including conifers. The present study examined whether A. andersoni can develop and reproduce while feeding on two key pests of ornamental coniferous plants, i.e., Oligonychus ununguis (Jacobi) and Pentamerismus taxi (Haller). Pinus sylvestris L. pollen was also tested as an alternative food source for the predator. Both prey species and pine pollen were suitable food sources for A. andersoni. Although higher values of population parameters Citation: Puchalska, E.; were observed when the predator fed on mites compared to the pollen alternative, we conclude that Zagrodzki, S.K.; Kozak, M.; pine pollen may provide adequate sustenance for A.
    [Show full text]
  • A Contribution to the Aphid Fauna of Greece
    Bulletin of Insectology 60 (1): 31-38, 2007 ISSN 1721-8861 A contribution to the aphid fauna of Greece 1,5 2 1,6 3 John A. TSITSIPIS , Nikos I. KATIS , John T. MARGARITOPOULOS , Dionyssios P. LYKOURESSIS , 4 1,7 1 3 Apostolos D. AVGELIS , Ioanna GARGALIANOU , Kostas D. ZARPAS , Dionyssios Ch. PERDIKIS , 2 Aristides PAPAPANAYOTOU 1Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece 2Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece 3Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece 4Plant Virology Laboratory, Plant Protection Institute of Heraklion, National Agricultural Research Foundation (N.AG.RE.F.), Heraklion, Crete, Greece 5Present address: Amfikleia, Fthiotida, Greece 6Present address: Institute of Technology and Management of Agricultural Ecosystems, Center for Research and Technology, Technology Park of Thessaly, Volos, Magnesia, Greece 7Present address: Department of Biology-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece Abstract In the present study a list of the aphid species recorded in Greece is provided. The list includes records before 1992, which have been published in previous papers, as well as data from an almost ten-year survey using Rothamsted suction traps and Moericke traps. The recorded aphidofauna consisted of 301 species. The family Aphididae is represented by 13 subfamilies and 120 genera (300 species), while only one genus (1 species) belongs to Phylloxeridae. The aphid fauna is dominated by the subfamily Aphidi- nae (57.1 and 68.4 % of the total number of genera and species, respectively), especially the tribe Macrosiphini, and to a lesser extent the subfamily Eriosomatinae (12.6 and 8.3 % of the total number of genera and species, respectively).
    [Show full text]
  • Dicyphus Hesperus) Whitefly Predatory Bug
    SHEET 223 - DICYPHUS Dicyphus (Dicyphus hesperus) Whitefly Predatory Bug Target Pests Greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), Tobacco whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Dicyphus will feed on two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), Thrips and Moth eggs but will not control these pests. Plants Note: Since Dicyphus is also a plant feeder it should not be used on crops such as Gerbra which can be damaged. Most of the work with Dicyphus has been on vegetable crops such as tomato, pepper and eggplant where it will not cause plant damage by plant feeding. Description The predatory bug, Dicyphus hesperus is similar to Macrolophus caliginosus, which is being used in Europe to control whitefly, spider mites, moth eggs and aphids. The use of Dicyphus is being studied by D. Gillespie (Agriculture and Agri-Foods Canada Research Station, Agassiz, BC). Dicyphus should not be used on its own to replace other biological control agents. It is best used along with other biological control agents in greenhouse tomato crops that have, or (because of past history) are expected to have. whitefly, spider mite, or thrips problems. • Eggs are laid inside plant tissue and are not easily seen. • Adults are slender (6mm), black and green with red eyes and can fly • Nymphs are green with red eyes Use in Biological Control • Release Dicyphus as soon as whiteflies are found, early in the season at a rate of 0.25-0.5 bugs/m2 (10 ft2) of infested area; repeat in 2-3 weeks. • Release batches of 100 adults together in one area where whitefly is present or add supplementary food (frozen moth eggs: i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Insecta Mundi 0662: 1–12 Zoobank Registered: Urn:Lsid:Zoobank.Org:Pub:21F39645-D23B-4532-AA49-E07C46B2ECF3
    September 28 2018 INSECTA 0662 1–12 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:21F39645-D23B-4532-AA49-E07C- A Journal of World Insect Systematics 46B2ECF3 MUNDI 0662 Phorodon cannabis Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a newly recognized pest in North America found on industrial hemp Whitney S. Cranshaw Colorado State University C201 Plant Sciences 1177 Campus Delivery Fort Collins, CO 80523-1177 Susan E. Halbert Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry P.O. Box 147100 Gainesville, FL 32614-7100, USA Colin Favret University of Montreal, Biodiversity Centre 4101 rue Sherbrooke est, Montreal QC, H1X 2B2, Canada Kadie E. Britt Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech 170 Drillfield Drive, 220 Price Hall Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA Gary L. Miller USDA, ARS, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Resource Center Systematic Entomology Laboratory Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350, USA Date of issue: September 28, 2018 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Whitney S. Cranshaw, Susan E. Halbert, Colin Favret, Kadie E. Britt and Gary L. Miller Phorodon cannabis Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a newly recognized pest in North America found on industrial hemp Insecta Mundi 0662: 1–12 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:21F39645-D23B-4532-AA49-E07C46B2ECF3 Published in 2018 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P.O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod. Topics considered for publication include systematics, taxonomy, nomenclature, checklists, faunal works, and natural history. Insecta Mundi will not consider works in the applied sciences (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) Are Equally Radiosusceptible and Unable to Reproduce When Irradiated with 400 Gy Valter Arthur1,*, Roberto L
    Milbemectin and etoxazol acaricide resistant and susceptible strains ofTetranychus urticae (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae) are equally radiosusceptible and unable to reproduce when irradiated with 400 Gy Valter Arthur1,*, Roberto L. Nicastro2, Mário E. Sato2, and Andre R. Machi3 Abstract The twospotted spider mite,Tetranychus urticae Koch (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae), is considered one of the most important phytophagous mites causing considerable damage in several agricultural crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility to gamma irradiation of strains of T. urticae resistant (R) and susceptible (S) to the acaricides, milbemectin and etoxazol. The R and S strains for milbemectin and etoxazol were- ir radiated with 200 and 400 Gy of gamma radiation in a Gammacell 220 source to evaluate the effects of gamma radiation on the growth rate of the mites. A dose of 400 Gy totally eliminated populations of both R and S strains of T. urticae within 10 d. A dose of 200 Gy was not sufficient to totally eliminate both T. urticae strains, but it significantly reduced egg viability of both strains. In the most likely measure of efficacy for phytosanitary- ir radiation of mites—i.e., prevention of F1 egg hatch when parent adults are irradiated—no differences were found in response to irradiation among the 4 strains. Key Words: phytophagous mites; phytosanitary irradiation; phytosanitation; irradiation Resumen La árañita roja de dos manchas, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Trombidiformes: Tetranychidae), es considerado uno de los ácaros fitófagos más impor- tantes que causan daños considerables en varios cultivos agrícolas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la susceptibilidad a la irradiación gamma de las cepas de T.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Cost of Invasive Non-Native Species on Great Britain F
    The Economic Cost of Invasive Non-Native Species on Great Britain F. Williams, R. Eschen, A. Harris, D. Djeddour, C. Pratt, R.S. Shaw, S. Varia, J. Lamontagne-Godwin, S.E. Thomas, S.T. Murphy CAB/001/09 November 2010 www.cabi.org 1 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE The Economic Cost of Invasive Non-Native Species on Great Britain Acknowledgements This report would not have been possible without the input of many people from Great Britain and abroad. We thank all the people who have taken the time to respond to the questionnaire or to provide information over the phone or otherwise. Front Cover Photo – Courtesy of T. Renals Sponsors The Scottish Government Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government Department for the Economy and Transport, Welsh Assembly Government FE Williams, R Eschen, A Harris, DH Djeddour, CF Pratt, RS Shaw, S Varia, JD Lamontagne-Godwin, SE Thomas, ST Murphy CABI Head Office Nosworthy Way Wallingford OX10 8DE UK and CABI Europe - UK Bakeham Lane Egham Surrey TW20 9TY UK CABI Project No. VM10066 2 The Economic Cost of Invasive Non-Native Species on Great Britain Executive Summary The impact of Invasive Non-Native Species (INNS) can be manifold, ranging from loss of crops, damaged buildings, and additional production costs to the loss of livelihoods and ecosystem services. INNS are increasingly abundant in Great Britain and in Europe generally and their impact is rising. Hence, INNS are the subject of considerable concern in Great Britain, prompting the development of a Non-Native Species Strategy and the formation of the GB Non-Native Species Programme Board and Secretariat.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Control of Tetranychus Urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) with Naturally Occurring Predators in Strawberry Plantings in Valencia, Spain
    Experimental and Applied Acarology 23: 487–495, 1999. © 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Biological control of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) with naturally occurring predators in strawberry plantings in Valencia, Spain FERNANDO GARCIA-MAR´ I´a* and JOSE ENRIQUE GONZALEZ-ZAMORA´ b a Departamento de Producci´on Vegetal, Universidad Politecnica, C/Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain; b Departamento de Ciencias agroforestales, Universidad de Sevilla, Ctra. de Utrera, Km. 1, Sevilla, Spain (Received 16 June 1998; accepted 2 December 1998) Abstract. Naturally occurring beneficials, such as the phytoseiid mite Amblyseius californicus McGregor and the insects Stethorus punctillum Weise, Conwentzia psociformis (Curtis) and others, controlled Tetranychus urticae Koch in 11 strawberry plots near Valencia, Spain, during 1989–1992. The population levels of spider mites in 17 subplots under biological control were low or moderate, usually below 3000 mite days and similar to seven subplots with chemical control. In most of the crops A. californicus was the main predator, acting either alone or together with other beneficials. Predaceous insects colonized the crop when tetranychids reached medium to high levels. For levels above one spider mite per leaflet, a ratio of one A. californicus per five to ten T. urticae resulted in a decline of the prey population in the following sample (1–2 weeks later). These results suggest that naturally occurring predators are able to control spider mites and maintain them below damaging levels in strawberry crops from the Valencia area. Key words: Biological control, strawberry, Tetranychus urticae, Amblyseius californicus. Introduction The tetranychid mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the most important pests of cultivated strawberries around the world.
    [Show full text]