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27 September 2005
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe OSCE Mission to Croatia News in brief 13 - 27 September 2005 ICTY refers Norac/Ademi indictment to Croatia On 14 September, the Referral Bench of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) transferred the indictment against Mirko Norac and Rahim Ademi to Croatia under Rule 11 bis of the ICTY Rules. Norac and Ademi are indicted for war crimes allegedly committed against Serb civilians and soldiers hors de combat during a 1993 operation by the Croatian military in the so-called “Medak Pocket” in south-western Croatia. They are alleged to be individually responsible as well as responsible as superiors (“command responsibility”) for acts of subordinates. Ademi voluntarily surrendered to the ICTY in 2001 and has been at liberty in Croatia since 2002. Norac is currently serving a 12- year prison sentence handed down by the Rijeka County Court for unrelated war crimes committed in the Gospic area. The Referral Bench granted the transfer to Croatia after finding the crimes not so serious as to prevent referral; that differences between Croatian and ICTY law are not so substantial as to prevent referral; domestic law sufficiently appropriate; witness protection measures adequate and measures for availability of witnesses, including witnesses from abroad adequate – finding relies in part on the Mission Status Report of November 2004 on improved inter-state cooperation; appropriate measures in place to ensure fair trial, both for defendants as well as to ensure fairness toward Serb victims; death penalty will not be imposed; and monitoring mechanism in place with OSCE. -
Popular Music and Narratives of Identity in Croatia Since 1991
Popular music and narratives of identity in Croatia since 1991 Catherine Baker UCL I, Catherine Baker, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated / the thesis. UMI Number: U592565 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U592565 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 2 Abstract This thesis employs historical, literary and anthropological methods to show how narratives of identity have been expressed in Croatia since 1991 (when Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia) through popular music and through talking about popular music. Since the beginning of the war in Croatia (1991-95) when the state media stimulated the production of popular music conveying appropriate narratives of national identity, Croatian popular music has been a site for the articulation of explicit national narratives of identity. The practice has continued into the present day, reflecting political and social change in Croatia (e.g. the growth of the war veterans lobby and protests against the Hague Tribunal). -
Croatia Briefing to the Human Rights Committee on the Republic of Croatia
21 January 2009 Public amnesty international Croatia Briefing to the Human Rights Committee on the Republic of Croatia AI Index: EUR 64/001/2009 INTERNATIONAL SECRETARIAT, 1 EASTON STREET, LONDON WC1X 0DW, UNITED KINGDOM 2 Croatia: Briefing to the Human Rights Committee on the Republic of Croatia Croatia Briefing to the Human Rights Committee on the Republic of Croatia Introduction During its meeting between 16 March and 3 April 2009, the Human Rights Committee is scheduled to discuss its future examination of the second periodic report of the government of the Republic of Croatia on measures undertaken to give effect to the rights enshrined in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). This briefing outlines Amnesty International’s concerns about the failure of the Croatian authorities to meet its obligations to respect and protect the rights to life, to freedom from torture and other ill-treatment and to a remedy for violations of these rights without discrimination; as well as the right to freedom of expression, as required under Articles 6, 7, 2 and 26 and 19 of the ICCPR (respectively), in particular in relation to the human rights violations which took place during the 1991- 1995 war. In particular, this briefing highlights concerns related to: The failure of the Croatian authorities to provide an effective remedy for war crimes committed by the members of the Croatian Army and police forces against Croatian Serbs and members of other minority communities by failing to ensure independent, impartial and thorough investigations and prosecutions of these war crimes which includes: o Discrimination in charging depending on the ethnicity of the accused and the victim; o Discriminatory use of the in absentia trials; o Discrimination in sentencing depending on the ethnicity of the accused. -
The Impact of the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia on War Crime Investigations and Prosecutions in Croatia
THE IMPACT OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR YUGOSLAVIA ON WAR CRIME INVESTIGATIONS AND PROSECUTIONS IN CROATIA BY KEREN MICHAELI DOMAC/10, DECEMBER 2011 ABOUT DOMAC THE DOMAC PROJECT focuses on the actual interaction between national and international courts involved in prosecuting individuals in mass atrocity situations. It explores what impact international procedures have on prosecution rates before national courts, their sentencing policies, award of reparations and procedural legal standards. It comprehensively examines the problems presented by the limited response of the international community to mass atrocity situations, and offers methods to improve coordination of national and international proceedings and better utilization of national courts, inter alia, through greater formal and informal avenues of cooperation, interaction and resource sharing between national and international courts. THE DOMAC PROJECT is a research program funded under the Seventh Framework Programme for EU Research (FP7) under grant agreement no. 217589. The DOMAC project is funded under the Socio-economic sciences and Humanities Programme for the duration of three years starting 1st February 2008. THE DOMAC PARTNERS are Hebrew University, Reykjavik University, University College London, University of Amsterdam, and University of Westminster. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Adv. Keren Michaeli is a Lecturer in Public International Law and International Humanitarian and Criminal Law at the School of Law, the College of Management, Academic Studies in Israel. -
Croatia AIR 2011
Amnesty International | Working to Protect Human Rights Page 1 of 4 Croatia Background Head of state Ivo Josipovi ć (replaced Stjepan Mesi ć in Justice system – crimes under February) international law Head of government Jadranka Kosor International justice Death penalty abolitionist for all crimes Freedom of assembly Population 4.4 million Discrimination Life expectancy 76.7 years Amnesty International Reports Under-5 mortality (m/f) 8/7 per 1,000 Amnesty International Visits Adult literacy 98.7 per cent Despite pressure from the international community, progress prosecuting crimes committed during the 1991-1995 war continued to be slow. Many crimes allegedly committed by members of the Croatian Army and police forces remained unaddressed. Some political efforts were undertaken by the President to deal with the wartime past. However, both the government and the judicial authorities failed to take targeted action to resolve the issue of war crimes. Discrimination against Roma, Croatian Serbs and LGBT people continued. Background Accession negotiations with the EU progressed and several negotiation chapters were successfully closed. In June, negotiations on justice and fundamental rights were opened and specific benchmarks were set by the EU. In the December report to the UN Security Council, the Chief Prosecutor for the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (the Tribunal) stated that Croatia continued to fail to submit all outstanding military documents related to “Operation Storm”, a large-scale military operation conducted by the Croatian Army in 1995. Top of page Justice system – crimes under international law Progress prosecuting crimes committed during the 1991-1995 war continued to be slow. -
Operation Storm: Ending Humanitarian Disaster and Genocide in Southeastern Europe
International Journal of Social Sciences Vol. X, No. 1 / 2021 DOI: 10.52950/SS.2021.10.1.003 OPERATION STORM: ENDING HUMANITARIAN DISASTER AND GENOCIDE IN SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE DOROTHY S. MCCLELLAN, NIKOLA KNEZ Abstract: Operation Storm was the single-most decisive battle of the Croatian War for Independence (1991-1995). Launched by the Republic of Croatia in August 1995, it was the largest European land battle since the Second World War. Outnumbered, outgunned, but not outmaneuvered, this tiny new democracy prevailed in a David versus Goliath encounter, a moral as well as military victory. Storm ended a massive humanitarian disaster and genocide. It led to the liberation of one third of Croatian territory, and made possible the Dayton Agreement that brought peace to the region. Based on interviews conducted with the American Ambassador to Croatia during the war years, military and political principals in the battle, noted scholars, security and intelligence agency officials, humanitarian leaders and journalists, this social scientific qualitative study examines the political and historical origins of the war and its aftermath. The article documents the events leading up to the war and surrounding this extraordinary military operation, providing strategic and political insights into the need for cooperation between democratic allies. Keywords: war, humanitarian disaster, genocide, Yugoslavia, Croatian War for Independence, Balkans, democracy, human rights, rights, Greater Serbia, Ambassador Peter Galbraith, Hague Tribunal, Operation Storm JEL Classification: D74, K33, K42 Authors: DOROTHY S. MCCLELLAN, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, United States, Email: [email protected] NIKOLA KNEZ, President of iFilms, Director of Croatian Film Institute, President 21st Century Society for Human Rights & Education, United States, Email: [email protected] Citation: DOROTHY S. -
News in Brief 19 April – 02 May 2006
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe OSCE Mission to Croatia News in brief 19 April – 02 May 2006 Local authorities donate to legal defense fund for ICTY indictees On 5 April, the Mayor of Zadar announced that the city’s executive would donate half a million HKN (approximately €68,500) from the city’s budget to the Fund for the Truth about the Homeland War (Fund), hoping that the move would encourage other local governments to do the same. Subsequently, the authorities in Šibenik-Knin County have authorized a 100,000 HKN (approximately €13,700) donation with mayors from Knin, Drniš, Sisak, and Pakoštane declaring they will follow suit. The Mayor of Zagreb, a prominent member of the Social Democratic Party (SDP), has also declared he will be a donor. The Fund was established in February in order to support the legal defense of retired General Ante Gotovina and other Croatian military personnel before the ICTY. Other announced purposes of the Fund include financing the education of Croatian defender’s children and disseminating the ‘truth’ about the Homeland War. Among the founders and board members are Gotovina’s wife, the Mayor of Gotovina’s home town, Pakostane, and various academics and professionals. The Fund expects to raise 20 million HKN from private citizens, larger donors and the Croatian diaspora. However, according to media speculation, donations have so far been minimal. The recent announcement by the Fund’s management that money raised will be used primarily for the defense of Gotovina has been criticized by the media and the defense attorney of another prominent Croatian indictee, General Mladen Markač. -
New Thesis 08:10:12
EU Influence and the Politics of Memory Postwar Croatia & Serbia in a Comparative Perspective Stephanie Hristovska Honours IV 2012 Department of Government and International Relations The University of Sydney Word Count: 19,723 Student ID: 309187303 This work is substantially my own, and where any part of this work is not my own, I have indicated this by acknowledging the source of that part or those parts of the work. 2 Abstract This thesis argues that the EU has indirectly influenced domestic perceptions of the past in postwar Croatia and Serbia through these states’ desire for EU membership. Informed by EU conditionality criteria, which include democratic policies, regional cooperation, and issue- linkage with the ICTY, political elites have tailored new discourses that confront past atrocities to improve EU trajectory. However, the depth of this process—called “the politics of memory,” has differed in both states primarily because Serbia was unable to extradite their war criminals at the pace of Croatia. This was the result of negative patterns that stemmed from the dynamics of regime transition, and the strength of old regime spoilers and nationalist parties who have perpetuated myths and discourses of victimisation in the new regime. In addition, desire for EU membership itself has fluctuated because of greater contest at the elite level between reformist and nationalist politicians. 3 Table of Contents List of Abbreviations 6 Introduction 7 Argument 9 Outline of Thesis 9 Chapter One Masterminding the Past: Understanding EU Influence -
[2003 01-Pesk.Pdf] 45 Pages, 309 KB
University of California, Berkeley Croatia’s Moments of Truth: The Domestic Politics of State Cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia Victor Peskin and Mieczyslaw P. Boduszynski Ph.D. Candidates, Department of Political Science University of California, Berkeley Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies Working Paper Series This PDF document preserves the page numbering of the printed version for accuracy of citation. When viewed with Acrobat Reader, the printed page numbers will not correspond with the electronic numbering. The Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies (BPS) is a leading center for graduate training on the Soviet Union and its successor states in the United States. Founded in 1983 as part of a nationwide effort to reinvigorate the field, BPS’s mission has been to train a new cohort of scholars and professionals in both cross-disciplinary social science methodology and theory as well as the history, languages, and cultures of the former Soviet Union; to carry out an innovative program of scholarly research and publication on the Soviet Union and its successor states; and to undertake an active public outreach program for the local community, other national and international academic centers, and the U.S. and other governments. Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies University of California, Berkeley Institute of Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies 260 Stephens Hall #2304 Berkeley, California 94720-2304 Tel: (510) 643-6737 [email protected] http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~bsp/ Croatia’s Moments of Truth: The Domestic Politics of State Cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia Victor Peskin and Mieczyslaw P. -
Justice at Risk: War Crimes Trials in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia and Montenegro
Human Rights Watch October 2004, Vol. 16, No. 7(D) JUSTICE AT RISK: WAR CRIMES TRIALS IN CROATIA, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, AND SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................................... 1 SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................... 2 BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................... 4 The Question of Political Will ................................................................................................ 5 The Creation of Specialized War Crimes Chambers........................................................... 6 Referrals by the ICTY.............................................................................................................. 7 CONCERNS PERTAINING TO THE JUDICIARY.......................................................... 9 Ethnic Bias................................................................................................................................. 9 Protection of Judges...............................................................................................................11 CONCERNS PERTAINING TO THE PROSECUTION ...............................................11 Ethnic Bias in Prosecutions ..................................................................................................12 Poor Case Preparation ...........................................................................................................14 -
101 Hrctte Croatia Follow up to Concluding
CROATIA BRIEFING TO THE HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE ON FOLLOW-UP TO THE CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS ON CROATIA Amnesty International Publications First published in 2011by Amnesty International Publications International Secretariat Peter Benenson House 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW United Kingdom www.amnesty.org Copyright Amnesty International Publications 2011 Index: EUR 64/006/2011 Original Language: English Printed by Amnesty International, International Secretariat, United Kingdom All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publishers. Amnesty International is a global movement of 2.2 million people in more than 150 countries and territories, who campaign on human rights. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights instruments. We research, campaign, advocate and mobilize to end abuses of human rights. Amnesty International is independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion. Our work is largely financed by contributions from our membership and donations CONTENTS 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................5 2. Failure to identify the total number of war crimes cases ................................................6 3. Failure to prosecute -
The OSCE's Slow Withdrawal from Croatia
In: IFSH (ed.), OSCE Yearbook 2007, Baden-Baden 2008, pp. 129-141. Manja Nickel/Danijela Cenan The OSCE’s Slow Withdrawal from Croatia1 Eleven years after the OSCE established a presence in Croatia, it is now fore- seeable that the mission could close its remaining field offices and Zagreb headquarters within the next twelve months. For mission members in the field, developments in Croatia since 1996 justify the OSCE’s withdrawal in the near future. Although Croatia, in terms of its state and non-state institu- tions, may not be a perfectly consolidated democracy, it is a functioning and self-sustaining one – that is the OSCE’s view.2 Whether this accurately repre- sents conditions on the ground is the subject of the current contribution. At its heart is the question of the extent to which socio-political change in Croatia has been influenced by the presence and activities of the OSCE. Because the transformation of internal political structures also led to changes in the OSCE mission, the article shall begin with an overview of the structural develop- ment of the mission. The Structural Evolution of the Mission A brief look back: The OSCE Mission to Croatia opened its doors in July 1996, barely a year after the end of the war in the Balkans. Seven internation- al members and a handful of Croatians commenced activities in Zagreb, Vukovar, and Knin. In subsequent years, the mission grew and established an extensive field presence in the parts of Croatia that had been most badly af- fected by war. The mission reached its greatest physical extent in 1999 with 286 international and 500 Croatian staff, distributed between the Zagreb headquarters, the co-ordination centres in Vukovar, Sisak, and Daruvar, and in 15 field offices and other smaller offices, known as sub-offices.