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See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342041748 Distribution and chromosome number of Sonchus palustris in Slovakia Article in Acta Botanica Hungarica · March 2020 DOI: 10.1556/034.62.2020.1-2.2 CITATION READS 1 113 5 authors, including: Matej Dudáš Pavol Elias Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra - Slovenska posnohospodarska univerzita… 46 PUBLICATIONS 63 CITATIONS 180 PUBLICATIONS 907 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Dominik Roman Letz Zuzana Bártová Slovak Academy of Sciences Slovak Academy of Sciences 49 PUBLICATIONS 383 CITATIONS 3 PUBLICATIONS 4 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Distribution of selected Iris species in Slovakia View project Distribution of Sonchus palustris in Slovakia View project All content following this page was uploaded by Matej Dudáš on 10 June 2020. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Acta Botanica Hungarica 62(1–2), pp. 7–21, 2020 DOI: 10.1556/034.62.2020.1-2.2 DISTRIBUTION AND CHROMOSOME NUMBER OF SONCHUS PALUSTRIS IN SLOVAKIA M. Dudáš1*, P. Eliáš jun.2, D. R. Letz3, Z. Bártová4 and V. Kolarčik1 1Institute of Biology & Ecology, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University, Mánesova 23 SK-041 54 Košice, Slovakia; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected], *corresponding author 2Department of Environment and Biology, Slovak University of Agriculture Tr. A. Hlinku 2, SK-949 76, Nitra, Slovakia; E-mail: [email protected] 3Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia; E-mail: [email protected] 4Institute of Geotechnics, Slovak Academy of Sciences Watsonova 45, SK-040 01, Košice, Slovakia; E-mail: [email protected] (Received: 6 March 2019; Accepted: 16 July 2019) The distribution of Sonchus palustris in Slovakia was studied using herbarium specimens and literary sources. The herbarium studies, supplemented with targeted field search in the years 2015–2018, revealed 61 new localities and confirmed many other older locations. The species has been recorded in 19 phytogeographical districts and sub-districts of Slova- kia. Most of the records are concentrated in the Podunajská nížina lowland in SW Slovakia and in the Ipeľsko-rimavská brázda region in southern Slovakia. Our results showed that the species is relatively common in different types of wetlands and its re-evaluation in the recent version of the Slovak red list is not needed. Chromosome number data for two new populations in eastern Slovakia (both 2n = 18) were counted. The distribution map is given. Key words: central Europe, marsh sow-thistle, marsh vegetation, occurrence, phytogeog- raphy, railway embankment INTRODUCTION According to Boulos (1973, 1974a, b) there are more than 50 species within the genus Sonchus L. (Asteraceae, Cichorieae, Sonchinae) arranged into three subgenera with centre of distribution in Europe, Northern America and Mid- dle Asia (Meusel and Jäger 1992). Sonchus palustris L. (syn. Sonchus paluster L.) naturally occurs in temper- ate, non-Mediterranean Europe from northwestern England to the Caucasus and Uzbekistan (Lansdown 2014, Meusel and Jäger 1992). It has also been reported from Pakistan (Qureshi et al. 2002). The species is considered as ex- tinct in Switzerland (Bornard et al. 2016). Secondary occurrence was found in North America (Brunton and Crompton 1993). The research based on ITS sequences supports the inclusion of S. palustris to highly polyphyletic subgenus Sonchus, section Maritimi and series Palustres (Kim et al. 2007). © 2020 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest Unauthenticated | Downloaded 06/10/20 05:49 AM UTC 8 DUDÁŠ, M., ELIÁŠ jun., P., LETZ, D. R., BÁRTOVÁ, Z. and KOLARČIK, V. The oldest literature record of S. palustris was published by Genersich (1798) from northeastern Slovakia from damp places and fens in the Spiš (= Zips) region. 30 years later, Endlicher (1830) published finding in the surroundings of Bratislava (southwestern Slovakia). Hazslinszky (1847) states more precisely the locality in the Spiš region near the village of Lipovce (= Lipovec, Lipócz). Other authors published few data on the species’ occurrence in southwestern (Knapp 1863, Résely 1867, Reuss 1853, Schiller 1864), northeastern (Hazslinsz- ky 1853, Kárpáti 1939), western (Kárpáti 1939, Krzisch 1857, Mikeš 1938) and southeastern (Hazslinszky 1866, Hulják 1942) parts of Slovakia. Neilreich (1866, 1870) summarised the information available till that time on the distribution of S. palustris for the whole territory of historical Austro-Hungary (incl. Slovakia). From the end of World War I to 1970, the distribution of S. palustris in south- ern Slovakia was described by Domin and Podpěra (1928), Hendrych (1963, 1968) and Holub and Moravec (1965) and marginally mentioned in the works of Šomšák (1963), Zahradníková-Rošetzká (1965) and Berta (1970). In the last decade, the research of aquatic and marsh vegetation has be- come a point of interest in most parts of Slovakia (e. g. Kochjarová et al. 2012, Bubíková et al. 2016, and many others). Despite the fact that many regional works deal with aquatic vegetation, the information on the occurrence of Son- chus palustris in natural as well as anthropogenic water habitats are very rare (Balázs 1996, Hrivnák 1999). From the end of 18th till to first quarter of 20th century the data about the distribution of S. palustris were published more or less randomly. Between the years 1960–2005, the published distribution data (and collected herbarium specimens) are more frequent. Exploratory field excursions in southern part of central Slovakia in the basins of Rimava and Slaná Rivers (Kliment et al. 2000, Kochjarová 2010) brought new populations findings. The distribution continues here along the Ipeľ (= Ipoly) and Slaná (= Sajó) rivers to northern and central Hungary, where the species is commonly occurring (cf. Bánkuti and Vojtkó 1995, Bartha et al. 2015, and our observations). In western Slovakia, the occurrence in the Záhorská nížina lowland is tied up to distribution in southern Moravia and eastern Lower Austria. In Moravia, only three areas in the present time around the towns of Hodonín, Mikulov and Tišnov are known (Křísa 2004). Jongepier and Jongepierová (2006) and Perný (2007) mentioned S. palustris from the Biele Karpaty Mts as rare in waterlogged places along streams, mainly in southwestern part of the mountains. However, the detailed extension of the species has not been processed so far in Slovakia. In the latest version of the Slovak red list of ferns and flowering plants of Slovakia (Eliáš et al. 2015) the species is evaluated by the category NT (near threatened). Acta Bot. Hung. 62, 2020 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 06/10/20 05:49 AM UTC DISTRIBUTION AND CHROMOSOME NUMBER OF SONCHUS PALUSTRIS 9 This paper provides a detailed distribution of Sonchus palustris in Slova- kia, including historical, as well as recently confirmed locations and reassess- ing its conservation status based on field observation. We analysed chromo- some number in material from two localities in Slovakia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collecting of distribution data The study and field research was carried out during the years 2015–2018. The data concerning the distribution of the species were found only in 14 pub- lic herbaria: BP, BRA, BRNU, HLO, KO, LTM, OL, OLM, NI, SAV, SLO, TM, TTM and W. Herbarium acronyms follow Thiers (2019) and Vozárová and Sutorý (2001) for small local collections. The species’ records were collected also from published and unpublished studies and botanical databases (the file database stored in the Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; distribution data from habitats and species mapping of Slovakia (Šefferová Stanová et al. 2015; http://www.biomonitor- ing.sk/); the central database of phytosociological relevés (http://ibot.sav.sk/ cdf/)). The distribution map was designed in the program ArcGIS, version 9.2. The mapping grid follows the grid template described by Niklfeld (1971). A list of revised specimens and other records were compiled according to the di- rectives of the work Flóra Slovenska VI/1 (cf. Goliašová and Michalková 2012). Karyology For the karyological studies, the seeds of S. palustris were collected at two localities: (1) Šarišská vrchovina hill area, Hendrichovce (col. M. Dudáš in 2016, voucher specimen deposited in KO: 34307) and (2) Spišské kotliny Ba- sins, Domaňovce (col. V. Kolarčik in 2017). The root-tip meristems of germi- nating seeds were used for chromosome counting. Root tips were pre-treated in 0.002 M aqueous solution of 8-hydroxyquinoline (16 hrs at 4 °C), fixed in the mixture of 96% ethanol and 98% acetic acid (3:1 for 1 hr), then washed with distilled water, macerated in 1 M HCl in water bath (60 °C, 5 min) and washed again. The slides were made using the cellophane square method (Murín 1960). The slides were stained by a 7% solution of Giemsa Stain, Modified Solution, Fluka Analytical, in Sörensen phosphate buffer, dried and observed in a drop of immersion oil. For the observation of chromosomes microscope Leica DM 2500 equipped with camera HDCE-X5 and software ScopeImage 9.0 was used. Acta Bot. Hung. 62, 2020 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 06/10/20 05:49 AM UTC 10 DUDÁŠ, M., ELIÁŠ jun., P., LETZ, D. R., BÁRTOVÁ, Z. and KOLARČIK, V. RESULTS Distribution and ecology Altogether, we have seen over 90 herbarium specimens and collected at least 30 published and unpublished records not supported by herbarium specimens. Our field research revealed 61 new localities and confirmed at least twelve historical locations. The detailed locations of S. palustris in Slova- kia are reported in the Appendix 1. Sonchus palustris has been found in Slovakia altogether in 19 of total of 31 phytogeographical districts and subdistricts. Seven of them are included in the area of the Pannonian flora province (Pannonicum) and twelve in the area of the Carpathian flora province (Carpaticum).