DOCSLIB.ORG

The Global Epidemiology of Emerging Histoplasma Species in Recent Years

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Global Epidemiology of Emerging Histoplasma Species in Recent Years available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY ▪: 100095 (2020). The global epidemiology of emerging Histoplasma species in recent years Anderson Messias Rodrigues1*, Mathew A. Beale2, Ferry Hagen3,4,5, Matthew C. Fisher6, Paula Portella Della Terra1, Sybren de Hoog3, Raimunda S^amia Nogueira Brilhante7, Rossana de Aguiar Cordeiro7, Debora de Souza Collares Maia Castelo-Branco7, Marcos Fabio Gadelha Rocha8, Jose Júlio Costa Sidrim7, and Zoilo Pires de Camargo1* 1Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of S~ao Paulo, S~ao Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil; 2Parasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK; 3Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 4Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 5Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, People's Republic of China; 6MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; 7Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil; 8Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil *Correspondence: Anderson Messias Rodrigues, [email protected]; Zoilo Pires de Camargo, [email protected] Abstract: Histoplasmosis is a serious infectious disease in humans caused by Histoplasma spp. (Onygenales), whose natural reservoirs are thought to be soil enriched with bird and bat guano. The true global burden of histoplasmosis is underestimated and frequently the pulmonary manifestations are misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. Molecular data on epidemiology of Histoplasma are still scarce, even though there is increasing recognition of histoplasmosis in recent years in areas distant from the traditional endemic regions in the Americas. We used multi-locus sequence data from protein coding loci (ADP-ribosylation factor, H antigen precursor, and delta-9 fatty acid desaturase), DNA barcoding (ITS1/2+5.8s), AFLP markers and mating type analysis to determine the genetic diversity, population structure and recognise the existence of different phylogenetic species among 436 isolates of Histoplasma obtained globally. Our study describes new phylogenetic species and the molecular characteristics of Histoplasma lineages causing outbreaks with a high number of severe outcomes in Northeast Brazil between 2011 and 2015. Genetic diversity levels provide evidence for recombination, common ancestry and clustering of Brazilian isolates at different geographic scales with the emergence of LAm C, a new genotype assigned to a separate population cluster in Northeast Brazil that exhibited low diversity indicative of isolation. The global survey revealed that the high genetic variability among Brazilian isolates along with the presence of divergent cryptic species and/or genotypes may support the hypothesis of Brazil being the center of dispersion of Histoplasma in South America, possibly with the contribution of migratory hosts such as birds and bats. Outside Brazil, the predominant species depends on the region. We confirm that histoplasmosis has significantly broadened its area of occurrence, an important feature of emerging pathogens. From a practical point of view, our data point to the emergence of histoplasmosis caused by a plethora of genotypes, and will enable epidemiological analysis focused on understanding the processes that lead to histoplasmosis. Further, the description of this diversity opens avenues for comparative genomic studies, which will allow progress toward a consensus taxonomy, improve understanding of the presence of hybrids in natural populations of medically relevant fungi, test reproductive barriers and to explore the significance of this variation. Key words: Emerging pathogens, Epidemiology, Genetic diversity, Histoplasma capsulatum, Histoplasmosis, Population structure. Published online xxx; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2020.02.001. INTRODUCTION 0.1 to 1 case per 100 000 inhabitants per year in temperate climates, 10 to 100 cases per 100 000 in the humid tropics, and Histoplasmosis is a life-threatening systemic infection caused by over 100 cases per 100 000 in high risk groups and during the fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum. This pathogen outbreaks (Colombo et al. 2011, Adenis et al. 2018). Although was first described in Panama in 1906 by Samuel T. Darling most infections are not outbreak-associated, outbreaks of his- (Darling 1906), followed shortly thereafter by reported infections toplasmosis linked to a common source do occasionally occur throughout the Americas (Riley & Watson 1926, Negroni 1940, and often involve activities that disrupt soil, especially samples Furcow 1958) and later in widely scattered places around the that contains bird or bat droppings (Queiroz-Telles et al. 2017). world (Rocher 1950, Ashbee et al. 2008, Antinori 2014, Baker Mammals become infected after inhaling Histoplasma prop- et al. 2019). The first epidemiological investigations in the mid- agules from the environment (Deepe 2018), which leads, in the 1940s revealed that Darling’s disease was more frequent than vast majority of human cases, to a primary pulmonary infection previously thought (Christie & Peterson 1945). There is an that is unapparent, subclinical or completely benign (Eissenberg increasing awareness of histoplasmosis in Central and South & Goldman 1991). The remaining patients may develop chronic America in patients with HIV/AIDS, and deaths from histoplas- progressive lung disease, chronic cutaneous or systemic dis- mosis in this region may outnumber deaths from tuberculosis ease, or an acute fulminating, rapidly fatal, systemic infection (Pasqualotto & Queiroz-Telles 2018, Linder & Kauffman 2019, (Kauffman 2007, Oladele et al. 2018). The infection is also very Nacher et al. 2019). Currently, histoplasmosis is one of the common in wild (e.g., marsupials, rodents, armadillos, sloths, world’s leading systemic infections, with incidence ranging from bats) and domestic animals (e.g., dogs and cats) in endemic Studies in Mycology Peer review under responsibility of Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute. © 2020 Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute. Production and hosting by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- nc-nd/4.0/). 1 RODRIGUES ET AL. areas (Emmons 1950, Seyedmousavi et al. 2018). However, presentations needs to be confirmed in a large group of patients. mammals appear to be dead-end hosts of Histoplasma since Previous studies indicate that H. suramericanum causes an there is no person-to-person or animal-to-person spread. acute pulmonary disease with a pronounced lung pathology that For over a century histoplasmosis was attributed to a single leads to high mortality, whereas H. mississippiense and etiological agent, H. capsulatum (Onygenales). Judging from H. ohiense cause a chronic pulmonary disease (Durkin et al. different clinical manifestations, morphologies and wide-ranging 2004, Sepúlveda et al. 2017). H. capsulatum var. duboisii was geographical occurrence, three different varieties are historical- recently associated with AIDS and disseminated disease and to ly recognised: (i) H. capsulatum var. capsulatum, which is a a lesser extent with skin lesions in immunocompetent persons broadly dispersed New World human pathogen, responsible for (Oladele et al. 2018, Valero et al. 2018). classic histoplasmosis (Eissenberg & Goldman 1991); (ii) Several studies at the molecular level have been conducted H. capsulatum var. duboisii, a human pathogen confined to to elucidate the genetic diversity and population structure of Central and West Africa, causing African histoplasmosis, whose Histoplasma using molecular markers, ranging from DNA principal features are skin or bone lesions (Loulergue et al. 2007, sequencing to DNA fingerprinting (Damasceno et al. 2016, Pakasa et al. 2018); and (iii) H. capsulatum var. farciminosum,an Sahaza et al. 2019). In Brazil, high genetic diversity correlates Old World animal pathogen, responsible for epizootic lym- with the geographical origin (Zancope-Oliveira et al. 2005, Muniz phangitis in equines (Selim et al. 1985). Mde et al. 2010, Almeida et al. 2019). However, the origin of the Previous studies exploring phylogeography, gene flow and Brazilian Histoplasma populations and their relationship with the hybridisation processes have shown that the causal agents of global populations remain unknown, especially considering the histoplasmosis encompass several cryptic species, which are recently proposed taxonomic changes. Hence, the aims of the structured according to their geographical origin (Van Dyke et al. present study were to understand the genetic diversity of His- 2019). Kasuga and colleagues studied 137 isolates recovered toplasma isolates in Brazil and explore their evolutionary re- from 25 countries on six continents and were able to recognise at lationships with H. capsulatum s. str., H. capsulatum var. duboisii, least eight clades within seven phylogenetic species, including: H. suramericanum, H. mississippiense and H. ohiense. We used (i) North American class 1 clade (NAm 1); (ii) North American multi-locus sequence data from protein coding loci (ADP-ribo- class 2 clade (NAm 2); (iii) Latin American
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 10-ELS-OXF Kurtzman1610423 CH002 7..20
    Part II Importance of Yeasts Kurtzman 978-0-444-52149-1 00002 Kurtzman 978-0-444-52149-1 00002 Chapter 2 c0002 Yeasts Pathogenic to Humans Chester R. Cooper, Jr. regularly encounter the organisms described below. In fact, many s0010 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE MEDICALLY medical mycologists spend entire careers without direct clinical expo- IMPORTANT YEASTS sure to many of these fungi. Rather, the purpose of this review is to enlighten the non-medical mycologist as to the diversity of yeast and p0010 Prior to global emergence of the human immunodeficiency virus mold species regularly associated with human and animal disease (HIV), which is the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency that also, at least in part, present a unicellular mode of growth in vivo. syndrome (AIDS), approximately 200 fungal pathogens were recog- The following descriptions present a concise overview of the key p0025 nized from among the more than 100,000 then-known fungal spe- biological and clinical features of these fungi. Where appropriate, refer- cies (Kwon-Chung and Bennett 1992, Rippon 1988). About 50 of ences to recent reviews of particular disease agents and their patholo- these species were regularly associated with fungal disease (myco- gies are provided. For a global perspective of fungal diseases, including sis). Since then, there has been a concurrent dramatic increase in in-depth clinical discussions of specific pathologies, diagnoses, and both the number of known fungal species and the incidence of treatments, the reader is referred to several outstanding and recently mycoses that they cause. Moreover, the spectrum of pathogenic fungi published texts (Anaissie et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Turning on Virulence: Mechanisms That Underpin the Morphologic Transition and Pathogenicity of Blastomyces
    Virulence ISSN: 2150-5594 (Print) 2150-5608 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/kvir20 Turning on Virulence: Mechanisms that underpin the Morphologic Transition and Pathogenicity of Blastomyces Joseph A. McBride, Gregory M. Gauthier & Bruce S. Klein To cite this article: Joseph A. McBride, Gregory M. Gauthier & Bruce S. Klein (2018): Turning on Virulence: Mechanisms that underpin the Morphologic Transition and Pathogenicity of Blastomyces, Virulence, DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1449506 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2018.1449506 © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group© Joseph A. McBride, Gregory M. Gauthier and Bruce S. Klein Accepted author version posted online: 13 Mar 2018. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 15 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=kvir20 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Journal: Virulence DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2018.1449506 Turning on Virulence: Mechanisms that underpin the Morphologic Transition and Pathogenicity of Blastomyces Joseph A. McBride, MDa,b,d, Gregory M. Gauthier, MDa,d, and Bruce S. Klein, MDa,b,c a Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA; b Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1675 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA; c Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Recurrent Loss of Abaa, a Master Regulator of Asexual Development in Filamentous Fungi
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/829465; this version posted November 4, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 Recurrent loss of abaA, a master regulator of asexual development in filamentous fungi, 2 correlates with changes in genomic and morphological traits 3 4 Matthew E. Meada,*, Alexander T. Borowskya,b,*, Bastian Joehnkc, Jacob L. Steenwyka, Xing- 5 Xing Shena, Anita Silc, and Antonis Rokasa,# 6 7 aDepartment of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA 8 bCurrent Address: Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, 9 Riverside, California, USA 10 cDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San 11 Francisco, California, USA 12 13 Short Title: Recurrent loss of abaA across Eurotiomycetes 14 #Address correspondence to Antonis Rokas, [email protected] 15 16 *These authors contributed equally to this work 17 18 19 Keywords: Fungal asexual development, abaA, evolution, developmental evolution, 20 morphology, binding site, Histoplasma capsulatum, regulatory rewiring, gene regulatory 21 network, evo-devo 22 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/829465; this version posted November 4, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 23 Abstract 24 Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) drive developmental and cellular differentiation, and variation 25 in their architectures gives rise to morphological diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Severe Chromoblastomycosis-Like Cutaneous Infection Caused by Chrysosporium Keratinophilum
    fmicb-08-00083 January 25, 2017 Time: 11:0 # 1 CASE REPORT published: 25 January 2017 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00083 Severe Chromoblastomycosis-Like Cutaneous Infection Caused by Chrysosporium keratinophilum Juhaer Mijiti1†, Bo Pan2,3†, Sybren de Hoog4, Yoshikazu Horie5, Tetsuhiro Matsuzawa6, Yilixiati Yilifan1, Yong Liu1, Parida Abliz7, Weihua Pan2,3, Danqi Deng8, Yun Guo8, Peiliang Zhang8, Wanqing Liao2,3* and Shuwen Deng2,3,7* 1 Department of Dermatology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China, 2 Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China, 3 Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Mycology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China, 4 CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, Netherlands, 5 Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan, 6 Department of Nutrition Science, University of Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan, 7 Department of Dermatology, First Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China, 8 Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China Chrysosporium species are saprophytic filamentous fungi commonly found in the Edited by: soil, dung, and animal fur. Subcutaneous infection caused by this organism is Leonard Peruski, rare in humans. We report a case of subcutaneous fungal infection caused by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA Chrysosporium keratinophilum in a 38-year-old woman. The patient presented with Reviewed by: severe chromoblastomycosis-like lesions on the left side of the jaw and neck for 6 years. Nasib Singh, She also got tinea corporis on her trunk since she was 10 years old.
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Taxa of Thermally Dimorphic Systemic Pathogens in the Ajellomycetaceae (Onygenales)
    This item is the archived peer-reviewed author-version of: Novel taxa of thermally dimorphic systemic pathogens in the Ajellomycetaceae (Onygenales) Reference: Dukik Karolina, Munoz Jose F., Jiang Yanping, Feng Peiying, Sigler Lynne, Stielow J. Benjamin, Freeke Joanna, Jamalian Azadeh, van den Ende Bert Gerrits, McEw en Juan G., ....- Novel taxa of thermally dimorphic systemic pathogens in the Ajellomycetaceae (Onygenales) Mycoses: diagnosis, therapy and prophylaxis of fungal diseases - ISSN 0933-7407 - 60:5(2017), p. 296-309 Full text (Publisher's DOI): https://doi.org/10.1111/MYC.12601 To cite this reference: https://hdl.handle.net/10067/1436700151162165141 Institutional repository IRUA HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author Mycoses Manuscript Author . Author manuscript; Manuscript Author available in PMC 2018 January 20. Published in final edited form as: Mycoses. 2017 May ; 60(5): 296–309. doi:10.1111/myc.12601. Novel taxa of thermally dimorphic systemic pathogens in the Ajellomycetaceae (Onygenales) Karolina Dukik1,2,#, Jose F. Muñoz3,4,5,#, Yanping Jiang1,6,*, Peiying Feng1,7, Lynne Sigler8, J. Benjamin Stielow1,9, Joanna Freeke1,9, Azadeh Jamalian1,9, Bert Gerrits van den Ende1, Juan G. McEwen4,10, Oliver K. Clay4,11, Ilan S. Schwartz12,13, Nelesh P. Govender14,15, Tsidiso G. Maphanga15, Christina A. Cuomo3, Leandro Moreno1,2,16, Chris Kenyon14,17, Andrew M. Borman18, and Sybren de Hoog1,2,* 1CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands 2Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem
    [Show full text]
  • Vesicular Transport in Histoplasma Capsulatum: an Effective Mechanism for Trans-Cell Wall Transfer of Proteins and Lipids in Ascomycetes
    Cellular Microbiology (2008) 10(8), 1695–1710 doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01160.x First published online 5 May 2008 Vesicular transport in Histoplasma capsulatum: an effective mechanism for trans-cell wall transfer of proteins and lipids in ascomycetes Priscila Costa Albuquerque,1,2,3 by additional ascomycetes. The vesicles from H. cap- Ernesto S. Nakayasu,4 Marcio L. Rodrigues,5 sulatum react with immune serum from patients Susana Frases,2 Arturo Casadevall,2,3 with histoplasmosis, providing an association of the Rosely M. Zancope-Oliveira,1 Igor C. Almeida4 and vesicular products with pathogenesis. The findings Joshua D. Nosanchuk2,3* support the proposal that vesicular secretion is a 1Instituto de Pesquisa Clinica Evandro Chagas, general mechanism in fungi for the transport of Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, RJ Brazil. macromolecules related to virulence and that this 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division process could be a target for novel therapeutics. of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA. Introduction 3Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, USA. Histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungus of the 4Department of Biological Sciences, The Border phylum Ascomycota, is a major human pathogen with Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El a worldwide distribution (Kauffman, 2007). The fungus Paso, El Paso, TX, USA. usually causes a mild, often asymptomatic, respiratory 5Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, illness, but infection may progress to life-threatening sys- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil. temic disease, particularly in immunocompromised indi- viduals, infants or the elderly.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 the Numbers Behind Mushroom Biodiversity
    15 2 The Numbers Behind Mushroom Biodiversity Anabela Martins Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, School of Agriculture (IPB-ESA), Portugal 2.1 ­Origin and Diversity of Fungi Fungi are difficult to preserve and fossilize and due to the poor preservation of most fungal structures, it has been difficult to interpret the fossil record of fungi. Hyphae, the vegetative bodies of fungi, bear few distinctive morphological characteristicss, and organisms as diverse as cyanobacteria, eukaryotic algal groups, and oomycetes can easily be mistaken for them (Taylor & Taylor 1993). Fossils provide minimum ages for divergences and genetic lineages can be much older than even the oldest fossil representative found. According to Berbee and Taylor (2010), molecular clocks (conversion of molecular changes into geological time) calibrated by fossils are the only available tools to estimate timing of evolutionary events in fossil‐poor groups, such as fungi. The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiotic fungi from the division Glomeromycota, gen- erally accepted as the phylogenetic sister clade to the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, have left the most ancient fossils in the Rhynie Chert of Aberdeenshire in the north of Scotland (400 million years old). The Glomeromycota and several other fungi have been found associated with the preserved tissues of early vascular plants (Taylor et al. 2004a). Fossil spores from these shallow marine sediments from the Ordovician that closely resemble Glomeromycota spores and finely branched hyphae arbuscules within plant cells were clearly preserved in cells of stems of a 400 Ma primitive land plant, Aglaophyton, from Rhynie chert 455–460 Ma in age (Redecker et al. 2000; Remy et al. 1994) and from roots from the Triassic (250–199 Ma) (Berbee & Taylor 2010; Stubblefield et al.
    [Show full text]
  • New Histoplasma Diagnostic Assays Designed Via Whole Genome Comparisons
    Journal of Fungi Article New Histoplasma Diagnostic Assays Designed via Whole Genome Comparisons Juan E. Gallo 1,2,3, Isaura Torres 1,3 , Oscar M. Gómez 1,3 , Lavanya Rishishwar 4,5,6, Fredrik Vannberg 4, I. King Jordan 4,5,6 , Juan G. McEwen 1,7 and Oliver K. Clay 1,8,* 1 Cellular and Molecular Biology Unit, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Medellín 05534, Colombia; [email protected] (J.E.G.); [email protected] (I.T.); [email protected] (O.M.G.); [email protected] (J.G.M.) 2 Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia 3 GenomaCES, Universidad CES, Medellin 050021, Colombia 4 School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; [email protected] (L.R.); [email protected] (F.V.); [email protected] (I.K.J.) 5 Applied Bioinformatics Laboratory, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA 6 PanAmerican Bioinformatics Institute, Cali, Valle del Cauca 760043, Colombia 7 School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia 8 Translational Microbiology and Emerging Diseases (MICROS), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Histoplasmosis is a systemic fungal disease caused by the pathogen Histoplasma spp. that results in significant morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV/AIDS and can also affect immuno- competent individuals. Although some PCR and antigen-detection assays have been developed, Citation: Gallo, J.E.; Torres, I.; conventional diagnosis has largely relied on culture, which can take weeks. Our aim was to provide Gómez, O.M.; Rishishwar, L.; a proof of principle for rationally designing and standardizing PCR assays based on Histoplasma- Vannberg, F.; Jordan, I.K.; McEwen, specific genomic sequences.
    [Show full text]
  • October 2006 Newsletter of the Mycological Society of America
    Supplement to Mycologia Vol. 57(5) October 2006 Newsletter of the Mycological Society of America — In This Issue — RCN: A Phylogeny for Kingdom Fungi (Deep Hypha)1 RCN: A Phylogeny for Kingdom Fungi By Meredith Blackwell, (Deep Hypha) . 1 Joey Spatafora, and John Taylor MSA Business . 4 “Fungi have a profound impact on global ecosystems. They modify our habitats and are essential for many ecosystem func- Mycological News . 18 tions. For example they are among the biological agents that form soil, recycle nutrients, decay wood, enhance plant growth, Mycologist’s Bookshelf . 31 and cull plants from their environment. They feed us, poison us, Mycological Classifieds . 36 parasitize us until death, and cure us. Still other fungi destroy our crops, homes, libraries, and even data CDs. For practical Mycology On-Line . 37 and intellectual reasons it is important to provide a phylogeny of fungi upon which a classification can be firmly based. A Calender of Events . 37 phylogeny is the framework for retrieving information on 1.5 million species and gives a best estimation of the manner in Sustaining Members . 39 which fungal evolution proceeded in relation to other organ- isms. A stable classification is needed both by mycologists and other user groups. The planning of a broad-scale phylogeny is — Important Dates — justified on the basis of the importance of fungi as a group, the poor current state of their knowledge, and the willingness of October 15 Deadline: united, competent researchers to attack the problem. Inoculum 57(6) “If only 80,000 of an estimated 1.5 million fungi are August 4-9, 2007: known, we must continue to discover missing diversity not only MSA Meeting at lower taxonomic levels but higher levels as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Sequencing Abstracts Msa Annual Meeting Berkeley, California 7-11 August 2016
    M S A 2 0 1 6 SEQUENCING ABSTRACTS MSA ANNUAL MEETING BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA 7-11 AUGUST 2016 MSA Special Addresses Presidential Address Kerry O’Donnell MSA President 2015–2016 Who do you love? Karling Lecture Arturo Casadevall Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Thoughts on virulence, melanin and the rise of mammals Workshops Nomenclature UNITE Student Workshop on Professional Development Abstracts for Symposia, Contributed formats for downloading and using locally or in a Talks, and Poster Sessions arranged by range of applications (e.g. QIIME, Mothur, SCATA). 4. Analysis tools - UNITE provides variety of analysis last name of primary author. Presenting tools including, for example, massBLASTer for author in *bold. blasting hundreds of sequences in one batch, ITSx for detecting and extracting ITS1 and ITS2 regions of ITS 1. UNITE - Unified system for the DNA based sequences from environmental communities, or fungal species linked to the classification ATOSH for assigning your unknown sequences to *Abarenkov, Kessy (1), Kõljalg, Urmas (1,2), SHs. 5. Custom search functions and unique views to Nilsson, R. Henrik (3), Taylor, Andy F. S. (4), fungal barcode sequences - these include extended Larsson, Karl-Hnerik (5), UNITE Community (6) search filters (e.g. source, locality, habitat, traits) for 1.Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, sequences and SHs, interactive maps and graphs, and Vanemuise 46, Tartu 51014; 2.Institute of Ecology views to the largest unidentified sequence clusters and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu formed by sequences from multiple independent 51005, Estonia; 3.Department of Biological and ecological studies, and for which no metadata Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, currently exists.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Rnaseq Analysis of the Insect-Pathogenic Fungus Metarhizium Anisopliae Reveals Specific Transcriptome Signatures Of
    G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics Early Online, published on May 4, 2020 as doi:10.1534/g3.120.401040 1 Comparative RNAseq analysis of the insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae reveals 2 specific transcriptome signatures of filamentous and yeast-like development 3 4 Natasha Sant´Anna Iwanicki1*; Italo Delalibera Júnior*; Jørgen Eilenberg†; Henrik H. De Fine Licht† 5 6 *Department of Entomology and Acarology, ESALQ- University of São Paulo, Av Padua Dias, 11– 7 P.O. Box 9–13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil 8 †Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 9 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark 10 11 The transciptome metadata generated during the current study are available in the European Nucleotide 12 Archive repository, [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena , under the accession number: PRJEB30948]. The 13 additional files are deposited at GSA figshare portal 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 1 © The Author(s) 2020. Published by the Genetics Society of America. 24 RNAseq M. anisopliae mycelial/yeast phase 25 Keywords: Fungal morphogenesis, Entomopathogenic fungi, Hypocreales, Differentially expressed 26 genes (DEGs), Blastospores 27 1Corresponding author: Natasha Iwanicki. Tel.: +55 19 998517570, e-mail:[email protected] 28 ABSTRACT 29 The fungus Metarhizium anisopliae is a facultative insect pathogen used as biological control agent of 30 several agricultural pests worldwide. It is a dimorphic fungus that is able to display two growth 31 morphologies, a filamentous phase with formation of hyphae and a yeast-like phase with formation of 32 single-celled blastospores. Blastospores play an important role for M. anisopliae pathogenicity during 33 disease development.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of Chrysosporia Infecting Reptiles: Proposal of the New Family Nannizziopsiaceae and Five New Species
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided byPersoonia Diposit Digital 31, de Documents2013: 86–100 de la UAB www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158513X669698 Phylogeny of chrysosporia infecting reptiles: proposal of the new family Nannizziopsiaceae and five new species A.M. Stchigel1, D.A. Sutton2, J.F. Cano-Lira1, F.J. Cabañes3, L. Abarca3, K. Tintelnot4, B.L. Wickes5, D. García1, J. Guarro1 Key words Abstract We have performed a phenotypic and phylogenetic study of a set of fungi, mostly of veterinary origin, morphologically similar to the Chrysosporium asexual morph of Nannizziopsis vriesii (Onygenales, Eurotiomycetidae, animal infections Eurotiomycetes, Ascomycota). The analysis of sequences of the D1-D2 domains of the 28S rDNA, including rep- ascomycetes resentatives of the different families of the Onygenales, revealed that N. vriesii and relatives form a distinct lineage Chrysosporium within that order, which is proposed as the new family Nannizziopsiaceae. The members of this family show the mycoses particular characteristic of causing skin infections in reptiles and producing hyaline, thin- and smooth-walled, small, Nannizziopsiaceae mostly sessile 1-celled conidia and colonies with a pungent skunk-like odour. The phenotypic and multigene study Nannizziopsis results, based on ribosomal ITS region, actin and β-tubulin sequences, demonstrated that some of the fungi included Onygenales in this study were different from the known species of Nannizziopsis and Chrysosporium and are described here as reptiles new. They are N. chlamydospora, N. draconii, N. arthrosporioides, N. pluriseptata and Chrysosporium longisporum. Nannizziopsis chlamydospora is distinguished by producing chlamydospores and by its ability to grow at 5 °C.
    [Show full text]