Insect Life Cycle Sort: Complete and Incomplete Metamorphosis
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Paul Hardin, Ph.D. John W
Department of Biology The College of Arts + Sciences | Indiana University Bloomington About Paul Hardin Distinguished Alumni Award Lecture Thu., Oct. 18, 2018 • 4 to 5 pm • Myers Hall 130 Paul Hardin, Ph.D. John W. Lyons Jr. ’59 Chair in Biology, Texas A&M University Genetic architecture underlying circadian clock initiation, maintenance, and output in Drosophila Circadian clocks drive daily rhythms in metabolism, physiology, and behavior in organisms ranging from cyanobacteria to humans. The identification and analysis of “clock genes” in Drosophila revealed that circadian timekeeping is based on a transcriptional feedback loop Paul Hardin studied the development of the sea in which CLOCK-CYCLE (CLK-CYC) heterodimers activate transcription of their feedback urchin embryo in William Klein’s lab at Indiana repressors PERIOD (PER) and TIMELESS (TIM). Subsequent studies revealed that similar University, from where he received his Ph.D. in transcriptional feedback loops keep circadian time in all eukaryotes and, in the case of 1987. He did his postdoctoral fellowship with animals, that these feedback loops are comprised of conserved components. The “core” Michael Rosbash at Brandeis University, working feedback loop described above operates in conjunction with an “interlocked” feedback on the circadian rhythms of the fruit fly, Drosophila loop in animals to drive rhythmic transcription of hundreds of genes that are maximally melanogaster. His work with Michael Rosbash and expressed at different phases of the circadian cycle. These feedback loops operate in many, Jeff Hall has been instrumental to our understanding but not all, tissues in flies including the brain pacemaker neurons that control rest:activity of how circadian rhythms affect a myriad of rhythms. -
From Embryogenesis to Metamorphosis: Review the Regulation and Function of Drosophila Nuclear Receptor Superfamily Members
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Cell, Vol. 83, 871-877, December 15, 1995, Copyright 0 1995 by Cell Press From Embryogenesis to Metamorphosis: Review The Regulation and Function of Drosophila Nuclear Receptor Superfamily Members Carl S. Thummel (Pignoni et al. 1990). TLL, and its murine homolog TLX, Howard Hughes Medical Institute share a unique P box and can thus bind to a sequence Eccles Institute of Human Genetics that is not recognized by other superfamily members University of Utah (AAGTCA) (Vu et al., 1994). Interestingly, overexpression Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 of TLX in Drosophila embryos yields developmental de- fects resembling those caused by ectopic TLL expression (Vu et al., 1994). In addition, TLX is expressed in the em- The discovery of the nuclear receptor superfamily and de- bryonic brain of the mouse, paralleling the expression pat- tailed studies of receptor function have revolutionized our tern of its fly homolog. Taken together, these observations understanding of hormone action. Studies of nuclear re- suggest that both the regulation and function of the TLLl ceptor superfamily members in the fruit fly, Drosophila TLX class of orphan receptors have been conserved in melanogaster, have contributed to these breakthroughs these divergent organisms. by providing an ideal model system for defining receptor The HNF4 gene presents a similar example of evolution- function in the context of a developing animal. To date, ary conservation. The fly and vertebrate HNF4 homologs 16 genes of the nuclear receptor superfamily have been have similar sequences and selectively recognize an isolated in Drosophila, all encoding members of the heter- HNF4-binding site (Zhong et al., 1993). -
Root Weevils Ryan Davis Arthropod Diagnostician
Published by Utah State University Extension and Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory ENT-193-18 May 2018 Root Weevils Ryan Davis Arthropod Diagnostician Quick Facts • Root weevils are a group of small, black-to-brown weevils that commonly damage ornamental and small fruit plants in Utah. • Adult root weevil damage is characterized by marginal leaf notching and occasional feeding on buds and young shoots. • Larval root weevil damage occurs below ground; damage to roots can lead to canopy decline or plant death. • Root weevils are occasional nuisance pests in homes and structures mid-summer through fall. • Manage root weevil larvae by applying a systemic insecticide to the soil around host plants April through September. • Adults feeding on the above-ground portion of plants can be targeted with pyrethroid pesticides Black vine weevil adult (Kent Loeffler, Cornell University, Bugwood.org) starting in late June or early July. IDENTIFICATION INTRODUCTION Root weevils are small beetles ranging in length from about 1/4 to 1/3 inch depending on The black vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus), species. Coloration is variable, but the commonly lilac root weevil (O. meridionalis) strawberry weevil encountered species in Utah are black with gold (O. ovatus) and rough strawberry root weevil (O. flecks (black vine weevil) or solid brown to black, rugosostriatus) are a complex of non-native, snout- shiny or matte. As a member of the weevil family nosed beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) that (Curculionidae), these pests have a snout, but it cause damage to ornamentals and small fruit crops is shortened and rectangular compared to other in Utah. Root weevils are occasional nuisance pests weevils that have long, skinny mouthparts. -
Root Weevils Fact Sheet No
Root Weevils Fact Sheet No. 5.551 Insect Series|Home and Garden by W.S. Cranshaw* None of the root weevils can fly and A root weevil is a type of “snout beetle” they are night active, hiding during the Quick Facts that develops on the roots of various plants. day around the base of host plants, usually Adult stages produce more conspicuous under a bit of cover. About an hour after • Root weevils can be common plant damage, cutting angular notches along sunset they become active and crawl onto insects that develop on roots the edge of leaves when they feed at night. the plants to feed on leaves, producing their of many garden plants. Adult root weevils also may attract attention characteristic angular notches. If disturbed, • Adult root weevils chew when they wander into buildings, acting as a root weevils will readily drop from plants and distinctive notches along the temporary “nuisance invader”. play dead. The most common root weevils found Adults typically live for at least a couple edges of leaves at night. in Colorado are strawberry root weevil of months, and some may be present into • Some kinds of root weevils (Otiorhynchus ovatus), rough strawberry autumn. Most eggs are laid in late spring and often wander into homes but root weevil (O. rugostriatus), black vine early summer with females squeezing eggs cause no injury indoors. weevil (O. sulcatus) and lilac root weevil into soil cracks. A few days after they are (O. meridionalis). Dyslobus decoratus is laid, eggs hatch and the larvae move to the • Insecticides applied on the established in some areas and chews leaves roots where they feed. -
Regulation of Drosophila Circadian Rhythms by Mirna Let-7 Is Mediated by a Regulatory Cycle
ARTICLE Received 10 Jul 2014 | Accepted 10 Oct 2014 | Published 24 Nov 2014 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6549 Regulation of Drosophila circadian rhythms by miRNA let-7 is mediated by a regulatory cycle Wenfeng Chen1,*, Zhenxing Liu1,*, Tianjiao Li1, Ruifeng Zhang1, Yongbo Xue1, Yang Zhong1, Weiwei Bai1, Dasen Zhou1 & Zhangwu Zhao1 MicroRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulations are increasingly recognized as important components of the circadian rhythm. Here we identify microRNA let-7, part of the Drosophila let-7-Complex, as a regulator of circadian rhythms mediated by a circadian regulatory cycle. Overexpression of let-7 in clock neurons lengthens circadian period and its deletion attenuates the morning activity peak as well as molecular oscillation. Let-7 regulates the circadian rhythm via repression of CLOCKWORK ORANGE (CWO). Conversely, upregulated cwo in cwo-expressing cells can rescue the phenotype of let-7-Complex overexpression. Moreover, circadian prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) and CLOCK- regulated 20-OH ecdysteroid signalling contribute to the circadian expression of let-7 through the 20-OH ecdysteroid receptor. Thus, we find a regulatory cycle involving PTTH, a direct target of CLOCK, and PTTH-driven miRNA let-7. 1 Department of Entomology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. * These authors contributed equally to this work. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Z.Z. (email: [email protected]). NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 5:5549 | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6549 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 & 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. ARTICLE NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6549 lmost all animals display a wide range of circadian bantam-dependent regulation of Clk expression is required for rhythms in behaviour and physiology, such as locomotor circadian rhythm. -
Metamorphosis Rock, Paper, Scissors Teacher Lesson Plan Animal Life Cycles Pre-Visit Lesson
Metamorphosis Rock, Paper, Scissors Teacher Lesson Plan Animal Life Cycles Pre-Visit Lesson Duration: 30-40 minutes Overview Students will learn the stages of complete and incomplete metamorphosis Minnesota State by playing a version of Rock, Paper, Scissors. Science Standard Correlations: 3.4.3.2.1. Objectives Wisconsin State 1) Students will be able to describe the process of incomplete and Science Standard complete metamorphosis. Correlations: C.4.1, C.4.2, F 4.3 2) Students will be able to explain that animals go through the same life cycle as their parents. Supplies: 1) Smart Board or Dry Erase Board with Background Markers In order to grow, many animals have different processes they must 2) Pictures of Complete undergo. Reptiles, mammals, and birds are all born looking like miniature and Incomplete Metamorphosis (found adults. Amphibians hatch looking nothing like their adult form and must in this lesson) undergo metamorphosis, the process of transforming from one life stage to the next. Insects also undergo metamorphosis, but different species of insects will develop by two different types of metamorphosis: complete and incomplete. Complete metamorphosis has 4 steps, egg-larva-pupa- adult, and can be found in butterflies, beetles, mosquitoes and many other insects. In complete metamorphosis, young are born looking nothing like the adults. Incomplete metamorphosis has 3 steps, egg- nymph-adult, and can be found in cicadas, grasshoppers, cockroaches and many other insects. In incomplete metamorphosis, young are born looking like adults but must shed their exoskeleton many times in order to grow. Lake Superior Zoo Education Department • 7210 Fremont Street • Duluth, MN 55807 l www.LSZOODuluth.ORG • (218) 730-4500 Metamorphosis Rock, Paper, Scissors Procedure 1) Ask the students if they know what a life cycle is and explain all animals have a different life cycle. -
1 Classical Biological Control of Banana Weevil Borer, Cosmopolites Sordidus (Coleoptera; Curculionidae) with Natural Enemies Fr
Classical biological control of banana weevil borer, Cosmopolites sordidus (coleoptera; curculionidae) with natural enemies from Indonesia (With emphasis on west Sumatera) Ahsol Hasyimab, Yusdar Hilmanc aIndonesian Tropical Fruit Research Insitute Jln. Raya Aripan Km 8. Solok, 27301 Indonesia bPresent address: Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute. Jl. Tangkuban Perahu Lembang. Bandung, PO.Box 8413. Bandung 40391, Indonesia c Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development, Jl. Raya Ragunan Pasar Minggu - Jakarta Selatan 12540, Indonesia Email: [email protected] Introduction General basis and protocol for classical biological control Biological control is defined as "the action of parasites (parasitoids), predators or pathogens in Maintaining another organism's population density at a lower average than would occur in their absence" (Debach 1964). Thus, biological control represents the combined effects of a natural enemy complex in suppressing pest populations. The concept of biological control arose from the observed differences in abundance of many animals and plants in their native range compared to areas in which they had been introduced in the absence of (co-evolved) natural enemies. As such, populations of introduced pests, unregulated by their natural enemies may freely multiply and rise to much higher levels than previously observed. Biological control is a component of natural control which describes environmental checks on pest buildup (Debach 1964). In agriculture, both the environment (i.e. farming systems) and natural enemies may be manipulated in an attempt to reduce pest pressure. Classical biological control concerns the search for natural enemies in a pest's area of origin, followed by quarantine and importation into locations where the pest has been introduced. -
The Evolution and Genomic Basis of Beetle Diversity
The evolution and genomic basis of beetle diversity Duane D. McKennaa,b,1,2, Seunggwan Shina,b,2, Dirk Ahrensc, Michael Balked, Cristian Beza-Bezaa,b, Dave J. Clarkea,b, Alexander Donathe, Hermes E. Escalonae,f,g, Frank Friedrichh, Harald Letschi, Shanlin Liuj, David Maddisonk, Christoph Mayere, Bernhard Misofe, Peyton J. Murina, Oliver Niehuisg, Ralph S. Petersc, Lars Podsiadlowskie, l m l,n o f l Hans Pohl , Erin D. Scully , Evgeny V. Yan , Xin Zhou , Adam Slipinski , and Rolf G. Beutel aDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152; bCenter for Biodiversity Research, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152; cCenter for Taxonomy and Evolutionary Research, Arthropoda Department, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany; dBavarian State Collection of Zoology, Bavarian Natural History Collections, 81247 Munich, Germany; eCenter for Molecular Biodiversity Research, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany; fAustralian National Insect Collection, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; gDepartment of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Institute for Biology I (Zoology), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; hInstitute of Zoology, University of Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany; iDepartment of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Wien, Wien 1030, Austria; jChina National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, 518083 Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; kDepartment of Integrative Biology, Oregon State -
Embryology BOLK’S COMPANIONS FOR‑THE STUDY of MEDICINE
Embryology BOLK’S COMPANIONS FOR‑THE STUDY OF MEDICINE EMBRYOLOGY Early development from a phenomenological point of view Guus van der Bie MD We would be interested to hear your opinion about this publication. You can let us know at http:// www.kingfishergroup.nl/ questionnaire/ About the Louis Bolk Institute The Louis Bolk Institute has conducted scientific research to further the development of organic and sustainable agriculture, nutrition, and health care since 1976. Its basic tenet is that nature is the source of knowledge about life. The Institute plays a pioneering role in its field through national and international collaboration by using experiential knowledge and by considering data as part of a greater whole. Through its groundbreaking research, the Institute seeks to contribute to a healthy future for people, animals, and the environment. For the Companions the Institute works together with the Kingfisher Foundation. Publication number: GVO 01 ISBN 90-74021-29-8 Price 10 € (excl. postage) KvK 41197208 Triodos Bank 212185764 IBAN: NL77 TRIO 0212185764 BIC code/Swift code: TRIONL 2U For credit card payment visit our website at www.louisbolk.nl/companions For further information: Louis Bolk Institute Hoofdstraat 24 NL 3972 LA Driebergen, Netherlands Tel: (++31) (0) 343 - 523860 Fax: (++31) (0) 343 - 515611 www.louisbolk.nl [email protected] Colofon: © Guus van der Bie MD, 2001, reprint 2011 Translation: Christa van Tellingen and Sherry Wildfeuer Design: Fingerprint.nl Cover painting: Leonardo da Vinci BOLK FOR THE STUDY OF MEDICINE Embryology ’S COMPANIONS Early Development from a Phenomenological Point of view Guus van der Bie MD About the author Guus van der Bie MD (1945) worked from 1967 to Education, a project of the Louis Bolk Instituut to 1976 as a lecturer at the Department of Medical produce a complement to the current biomedical Anatomy and Embryology at Utrecht State scientific approach of the human being. -
Metabolic Inactivation of the Circadian Transmitter, Pigment Dispersing Factor (PDF), by Neprilysin-Like Peptidases in Drosophila R
4465 The Journal of Experimental Biology 210, 4465-4470 Published by The Company of Biologists 2007 doi:10.1242/jeb.012088 Metabolic inactivation of the circadian transmitter, pigment dispersing factor (PDF), by neprilysin-like peptidases in Drosophila R. Elwyn Isaac1,*, Erik C. Johnson2, Neil Audsley3 and Alan D. Shirras4 1Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK, 2Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, NC, USA, 3Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK and 4Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Accepted 4 October 2007 Summary Recent studies have firmly established pigment confirming that such cleavage results in PDF inactivation. dispersing factor (PDF), a C-terminally amidated The Ser7–Leu8 peptide bond was also the principal octodecapeptide, as a key neurotransmitter regulating cleavage site when PDF was incubated with membranes rhythmic circadian locomotory behaviours in adult prepared from heads of adult Drosophila. This Drosophila melanogaster. The mechanisms by which PDF endopeptidase activity was inhibited by the neprilysin –1 functions as a circadian peptide transmitter are not fully inhibitors phosphoramidon (IC50, 0.15·mol·l ) and –1 understood, however; in particular, nothing is known thiorphan (IC50, 1.2·mol·l ). We propose that cleavage by about the role of extracellular peptidases in terminating a member of the Drosophila neprilysin family of PDF signalling at synapses. In this study we show that PDF endopeptidases is the most likely mechanism for is susceptible to hydrolysis by neprilysin, an endopeptidase inactivating synaptic PDF and that neprilysin might have that is enriched in synaptic membranes of mammals and an important role in regulating PDF signals within insects. -
Juvenile Ontogeny and Metamorphosis in the Most Primitive Living Sessile Barnacle, Neoverruca, from Abyssal Hydrothermal Springs
BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 45(2): 467-477. 1989 JUVENILE ONTOGENY AND METAMORPHOSIS IN THE MOST PRIMITIVE LIVING SESSILE BARNACLE, NEOVERRUCA, FROM ABYSSAL HYDROTHERMAL SPRINGS William A. Newman ABSTRACT Neoverruca brachylepadoformis Newman recently described from abyssal hydrothermal springs at 3600 m in the Mariana Trough, has the basic organization of the most primitive sessile barnacles, the extinct Brachylepadomorpha (Jurassic-Miocene). However, a subtle asymmetry diagnostic of the Verrucomorpha (Cretaceous-Recent) is superimposed on this plan, and it is evident that Neoverruca also represents a very primitive verrucomorphan. A median latus, unpredicted in such a form, occurs on one side as part of the operculum, and the outermost whorl of basal imbricating plates is the oldest, rather than the youngest as in the primitive balanomorphans, Catophragmus s.1.and Chionelasmus and as inferred in Bra- chylepas. Neoverruca is further distinguished from higher sessile barnacles in passing through a number of well developed pedunculate stages before undergoing an abrupt metamorphosis into the sessile mode. Theses unpredicted ontogenetic events in the life history of an early sessile barnacle indicate that the transitory pedunculate stage of higher sessile barnacles, first noted in Semibalanus balanoides by Darwin, reflects the compression ofpedunculatejuvenile stages into a single stage, rather than simply a vestigial reminiscence of their pedunculate ancestry. From these observations it is evident that the transition from a pedunculate to a sessile way of life was evolutionarily more complicated than previously understood, and this has a significant bearing on our understanding of the paleoecology as well as the evolution of sessile barnacles. Abyssal hydrothermal vents have yielded two remarkable endemic barnacles, Neolepas zevinae Newman (1979) from approximately 2600 m, at 13° and 21°N on the East Pacific Rise, and Neoverruca brachylepadoformis in Newman and Hessler, 1989 from approximately 3600 m in the Mariana Trough in the western Pacific. -
Of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
Belgian Journal ofEntomology 5 (2003) : 89-102 A review of the Oedemeridae (Coleoptera) of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador Stewart B. PECK and Joyce COOK Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada (e-mail: ste'[email protected]). Abstract Extensive new collections contribute new information on the identity and distribution of the oedemerid beetles of the Galiipagos Islands. Specimens previously recorded as near Oxacis pilosa CHAMPION are descn'bed as Oxycopis galapagoensis sp. n. Oxacis pilosa CHAMPION of Guatemala and Nicaragua is transferred to the genus Oxycopis. Hypasclera collenettei (BLAIR) is the most common and widespread species in the islands, and is variable in that it shows significant differences in aedeagus morphology between separate islands. Alloxacis hoodi V AN DYKE is found be a synonym of H. collenettei. H. seymourensis (MUTCHLER) is known only from the central islands. Paroxacis galapagoensis (LINELL) is also widespread. All four Galapagos species are presently considered to be endemic, and each represents a separate ancestral colonization of the archipelago. Keywords: · Hypasclera, Oxycopis, Paroxacis, island insects, endemic species, colonization. Introduction Members of the beetle family Oedemeridae are commonly called the false blister beetles. Adults are found frequently at lights or by sweeping vegetation, and they are obligate pollen feeders (AR.NETT, 1984). Larvae may feed on plant roots or may be inhabitants of moist decaying wood and some may live in salt-soaked driftwood (ARNETT, 1984, KrusKA, 2002). Oedemerids have been described and reported from the Galapagos by several workers: BLAIR (1928; 1933); F'RANZ (1985); LINELL (1898); MUTCHLER (1938); and VAN DYKE (1953).