The Vertebrate Fauna of Kanangra-Boyd National Park
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The Vertebrate Fauna of Kanangra-Boyd National Park Project funded under the Central Directorate Parks and Wildlife Division Biodiversity Survey Priorities Program Conservation Programs and Planning Branch, Metropolitan Department of Environmental Protection and Regulation Division Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW) Environment and August 2004 Conservation (NSW) THE VERTEBRATE FAUNA OF KANANGRA-BOYD NATIONAL PARK A project funded under the Central Directorate Parks and Wildlife Division Biodiversity Survey Priorities Program Conservation Assessment and Data Unit Conservation Programs and Planning Branch, Metropolitan Environment Protection and Regulation Division Department of Environment and Conservation ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CADU (Central) Manager Logistics and Survey Planning Julie Ravallion Kylie Madden Elizabeth Magarey CADU (Central) Bioregional Data Group Helen Achurch Coordinator Michaela Jones Daniel Connolly Data Entry CADU (Central) Fauna Surveys Coordinator Suzette Rodoreda Helen Achurch Kylie Madden Elizabeth Magarey Rebecca Allport CADU (Central) GIS, Data Management and Database Coordinator Hair and Scat Analysis Peter Ewin Barbara Triggs Report Writing and Map Production Bat Call Analysis Elizabeth Magarey Narawan Williams Michael Pennay Field Surveyors Biodiversity Survey Priorities Team Special thanks to: Elizabeth Magarey Staff of the Oberon Area Office for assistance in Peter Ekert planning and support during the surveys. David O’Connor Arthur White This report should be referenced as follows: Michaela Jones DEC (2004) “The Vertebrate Fauna of SCA Team Kanangra-Boyd National Park.” Unpublished Helen Achurch report funded by the Central Directorate Parks Nick Corkish and Wildlife Division Biodiversity Survey Alex Dudley Priorities Program by NSW Department of Peter Ekert Environment and Conservation, Conservation Peter Ewin Assessment and Data Unit, Metropolitan Michael Todd Branch, Environment Protection and Regulation Narawan Williams Division. Amy Williams Suzette Rodoreda All photographs are held by DEC. To obtain a Jules Bros copy please contact the Bioregional Data Group Coordinator, DEC Hurstville CRA Team Debbie Andrew Rebecca Drury Cover Photos Dick Turner Feature Photo (David O’Connor) Arthur White White-striped Freetail-bat (Michael Todd) Rock Plate-Heath Mallee (DEC) Field Volunteers Black Crevice-skink (D. O’Connor) Rebecca Allport Tall Moist Blue Gum Forest (DEC) Jenny Lewis Rainforest (DEC) Josh Madden Short-beaked Echidna (D. O’Connor) Katie Oxenham Grey Gum (Daniel Connolly) Scott Peel Red-crowned Toadlet (Dave Hunter) ISBN 1 74122 114 5 2 The Vertebrate Fauna of Kanangra-Boyd National Park OVERVIEW Kanangra-Boyd National Park, located approximately twenty kilometres south east of Oberon, comprises 68000 hectares of land encompassing the Boyd Plateau and the surrounding deeply incised valley system. Elevation ranges from just over 150 metres above sea level in the Coxs River Valley to 1334 metres at Mount Emperor. The dramatic range in elevation contributes to a diverse mix of vegetation structural forms, including closed forests (rainforests), swamps, heaths and mallees, and extensive areas of Eucalypt dominated forests and woodlands. A number of landscape features characterise the park, including the system of limestone karsts (Colong, Billys Creek, Church Creek and Tuglow Caves) and the Kanangra Walls that form the dramatic boundary between the Boyd Plateau and the Kanangra gorges below. The diverse range of habitats in the park support a rich assemblage of vertebrate fauna. This report describes the terrestrial vertebrate fauna of Kanangra-Boyd National Park, derived from fauna surveys that have been undertaken by the Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC, formerly NPWS). It documents for the first time the species and habitats present in the reserve and combines survey results derived from systematic surveys undertaken between 1997 and 2004. It concludes that: • There are 235 native vertebrate fauna species known to occur within the reserve. This includes 124 diurnal birds, eight nocturnal birds, sixteen bats, eight arboreal mammals, fifteen ground mammals, 34 reptiles, eighteen frogs and twelve introduced species. • Kanangra-Boyd National Park supports habitat for at least eighteen fauna species that are listed as threatened on the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act (1995). Seven of these species have been recorded in high numbers, indicating that healthy populations are present within the park. This includes the Glossy Black-cockatoo, Powerful Owl, Yellow-bellied Glider, Large-eared Pied Bat, Greater Broad-nosed Bat, Eastern False Pipistrelle and Eastern Bent-wing Bat. Additional threatened fauna species include Barking Owl, Sooty Owl, Spotted-tailed Quoll and Squirrel Glider. • Four threatened species have been recently observed within two kilometres of the park and given the presence of suitable habitat, are considered highly likely to occur within its boundaries. These are the Koala, Masked Owl, Eastern Freetail-bat and Rosenberg’s Goanna. • Habitats for the threatened Booroolong Frog and Littlejohn’s Tree Frog are protected within the park, however neither species have been recorded in recent times. • It is considered likely that Brush-tailed Rock-wallabies persist within the park, though recent surveys have failed to conclusively confirm their presence. • The limestone caves at Colong were found to contain significant roosting populations of the Eastern Bent-wing Bat (>1000 individuals estimated) and the Eastern Horseshoe-bat. No evidence was found to suggest that this cave system is being used as a maternity site. • Feral animals including Rabbits, Foxes and Pigs are present in the reserve. Pigs and evidence of their activity are particularly dense on the Boyd Plateau and the Jenolan and Kowmung River valleys. • The composition and distribution of fauna species within the park strongly reflects landscape patterns in elevation, geology and topography, and the location of the park at the junction of the Sydney Basin and South Eastern Highlands Bioregions. There are clearly distinctive assemblages of fauna that correspond to the montane and sub-alpine environments, and to the lower altitude valley systems. The recent fauna surveys in Kanangra-Boyd National Park have contributed important information to our understanding of the distribution, range, habitat preference and conservation status of many animals, including threatened and newly described species. One such example is the threatened Greater Broad-nosed Bat, which has been recorded at higher altitudes than previously reported, and at the western extent of its distribution. Such information will improve our understanding of species conservation status across the region and assist in the updating of effective management strategies. The Vertebrate Fauna of Kanangra-Boyd National Park 3 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.......................................................................................................................... 2 OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................................. 3 CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................................. 4 1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................. 6 1.1 PROJECT AIMS ............................................................................................................................ 6 1.2 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................. 6 1.3 HISTORY OF LAND USE ................................................................................................................. 8 1.4 ENVIRONMENT............................................................................................................................. 8 1.5 VEGETATION ............................................................................................................................. 10 1.6 FIRE ......................................................................................................................................... 12 2 METHODS...................................................................................................................................... 13 2.1 EXISTING FAUNA DATA ............................................................................................................... 13 2.2 SURVEY STRATIFICATION AND SITE SELECTION ............................................................................ 13 2.3 SURVEY METHODS..................................................................................................................... 14 2.4 SURVEY TIMING ......................................................................................................................... 21 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................... 22 3.1 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................22 3.2 TAXONOMIC ISSUES ................................................................................................................... 23 3.3 DIURNAL BIRDS.........................................................................................................................