DOUGLAS FIR, a NATURAL CHOICE for CONSTRUCTION © Jean-Christophe Dupuy

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DOUGLAS FIR, A NATURAL CHOICE FOR CONSTRUCTION © Jean-Christophe Dupuy. © Jean-Christophe PRODUCT RANGE © AFAA Architecture / Didier Boy de la Tour. / Didier Boy Architecture © AFAA

www.france-douglas.com DOUGLAS© Jean-Christophe Dupuy. Structural lumber The range Mechanical strength Standards Douglas fir: akeyemergingforestresourceforthenext20years Douglas Fir -aFrench resource A wordfromtheChairman Douglas fir: amaterialwithrecognizedproperties Glue-laminated timber(Glulam)andstructuralcomposite lumber(SCL) Durability Timber frames Appearance grading Cladding Decking France Douglas uniting: the industry for20 years France Douglasuniting:theindustry CONTENTS ...... 14 12 16 10 18 22 25 4 2 1 6 8 © Jean-Christophe Dupuy. By willbeabletoproduce2.5 million m thistime,thesawmillingindustry together anddeliveraproductrangethatis: It iswiththisinmindthatthemembercompaniesofFrance Douglastookthedecisiontowork products andconstructionprofessionalstomeettheir needs. nowpossesses a referencetoolthatcanbesafelyusedbyadvocatesofour As aresult,theindustry the environmentalimpactofproductinquestionthroughout thedurationofitslifecycle. European versionoftheEnvironmentalandHealthDeclaration Forms (FDESinFrench), whichassess In additiontothis,theproductslistedhave more generally,onthedesignofstructuresforwhich theyareintended. The productdescriptionsarealsoenhancedwithinformation onhowtheproductscanbeusedand, of whicharealsocoveredinthisdocument. Naturally, theseproductsareconsistentwiththestandardscurrentlyinforce,mainpoints lumber), aredescribedindetailthisbooklet. the construction market and their intended use (structural lumber, frames,cladding, decking, glued The variousproductsthathavebeenselected,fortheirabilitytomeettherequirementsofboth Although its usage did not really take off untiltheendof20 Although itsusagedidnotreallytakeoff mechanical strength. intermsofnaturaldurabilityaswell It isarenewableresourcewithremarkableproperties, totheconstructionindustrymaterial thatisofstrategicimportance . Covering anareaof420,000ha,thenationalresourceDouglasfirisaveritablemineraw industry . tothechangingnatureofconstruction France Douglas,withaviewtoadaptingtheirservices of bythecompaniesthatformpart This bookletrepresentstheculminationofworkundertaken A wordfromthe • • • • grow inthedecadestocome,reacharound6 million m Its production, which has already seen a significant increase over thepastten years,willcontinue to keyemerging forestresource. in France isnowthecountry's to thecurrentfigureof700,000 m standardized, targeted, in linewiththebodyofrelevantstandardsandregulations. accredited, bothtechnicallyandenvironmentally, 3 ) . Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) Chairman 3 by2030. th century, the reserve ofDouglasfir thereserve century, 3 oflumberperyear(compared Chairman ofFrance Douglas François Fockedey , theredesigned

DOUGLAS 1 © Jean-Christophe Dupuy. DOUGLAS 2 per year. with natural growth easily exceeding 5millionm Douglas firthe country's most promising species, areas ofcentral France inparticular,hasmade The tree's abilityto adapt,inthelow mountainous biggest Douglasfirproducer inEurope. 2006-2010 campaign), thereby makingFrance the covering anarea of420,000ha(source- IFN, The success oftheseprograms led to thetrees implemented intheaftermath ofWorld War II. widespread useinreforestation programs documented, Douglasfirgradually sawits where theattributes ofitslumberhadbeenwidely Originating from thewest coast ofNorthAmerica, forest resource a keyemerging DOUGLAS FIR: 20 years for thenext The medianageof Douglas firpopulationsisbetween 30and40 years old. Distribution ofDouglasfirpopulationsbyage category RESOURCE A FRENCH DOUGLAS FIR- Surface area in ha CONSTRUCTION FOR A NATURAL CHOICE FIR DOUGLAS 100,000 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 0 0-10 yrs

10-20 , yrs

20-30 yrs

30-40 yrs 40-50 yrs 3

50-60 yrs 60-70 yrs found incentral France. The Douglasfirtree ispredominantly 70-80 yrs 38,000 ha 80-100 yrs Over 100 yrs another 20years. maturity for atleast will notreach full relatively young and of Douglasfiris still The nationwidereserve © Jean-Christophe Dupuy. to thecurrent figure of700,000m around 6 million m at productionpredictedplateau national is will that it trendwhich years,likelyafternextThis 20 is forcontinuethe to Lumber production hasseenasimilarboom,demonstrating theindustry's abilityto adapt. Source: France Douglas(basedonthe2012 FCBA study). FCBA (commissioned by France Douglas in 2012), giving a potential annual lumber yield of 2.5 million m million 2.5 of yield lumber annual potential a giving 2012), in FranceDouglas by (commissionedFCBA It isexpected thatnational production ofDouglas firlumberwill reach 2.5millionm Source: EAB It now accounts for over 10%ofthenationalproduction ofsoftwood lumber. National production ofDouglasfirlumberhasdoubled in ten years. from 1millionm Production of French Douglas fir has been constantly on the rise for a number of years. Roundwood yield has increased FOR CONSTRUCTION FOR A NATURAL CHOICE FIR DOUGLAS Predicted lumberproduction in20years 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 Lumber production between 1990and2010inm 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 800,000 900,000 500,000 0 0 9019 9219 9419 9619 9819 0020 0220 0420 0620 0820 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 9019 0020 0021 0022 2030 2025 2020 2015 2010 2005 2000 1995 1990 3 to more than2millionm 3 , (of roundwood), echoing the results of the most recent study conducted by the Institut Technologique 3 ). 3 inthespace ofadecade. 3 3 by2030. 3 (compared

DOUGLAS 3 © Jean-Christophe Dupuy. DOUGLAS 4 a materialwith DOUGLAS FIR: than 12,000MPa, includingfor growth ringswithanaverage widthof5-6mm. have shown thattheelastic modulus(E)ofDouglasfirhas remained greater demonstrated. For instance, from 1985theINRAandFCBA (formerly theCTBA) The properties withahighlevel ofnatural durability. A natural construction material, Douglasfir combines remarkable mechanical Source: FCBA (formerly CTBA), 2003Mokuzaistudy. in theEN338European standard. defined as grade 30 C requirementsthe the of met populations year-old testedfrom50 lumber the of 70% (according toEuropean Source: 1985Nepveu(INRA)-Blachon(FCBA, CTBA)study formerly in France Elastic moduluscomparison for themaincommercial softwood species RESOURCE A FRENCH DOUGLAS FIR- FOR CONSTRUCTION FOR A NATURAL CHOICE FIR DOUGLAS Breakdown oflumber(%)bymechanical strength grade Elastic modulus (MPa) standard EN 338) mechanical performance Strength grade o emte %6 1% 6% 9% Not permitted 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 01%3%77% 36% 14% C 40 02%3%16% 34% 23% C 30 49 2 3% 12% 9% C 24 84%1%3% 12% 45% C 18 01 213 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ,

from populations Lumber taken aged 40yrs recognized ofFrench Douglasfirhasnow beenwidely Average ringwidth(mm) growth from populations Lumber taken aged 50yrs properties

Adult spruce-pine Adult Scotspine Maritime pine>30yrs Douglas fir20-35yrs Douglas fir>35yrs from populations Lumber taken aged 70yrs

have ahighproportion ofheartwood. ADULT Douglasfirs generally actual level ofperformance. better able to validate alumber's classification system, whichis development ofamechanical contributing towards the spent thepast few years This iswhyFrance Douglashas nodosity. mainly onanalysis ofthelumber's NF B52001standard), whichrely currently inforce (theFrench classification rules thatare represented inthevisual performance is, however, poorly This excellent level ofmechanical of maturity. already reached acertain level from tree populationsthathad standard, provided itwastaken for theC24grade intheEN338 the level ofperformance required tested (over 1,200pieces) achieved In this,almost allofthelumber CTBA -in2003andsubsequently). (conducted bytheFCBA -formerly a new seriesofmeasurements has beenproven more recently by Douglas fir'smechanical strength

© France Douglas. © Jean-Christophe Dupuy. high humidityenclosures, etc. architectural projects inwhichthewood hasto befit for demandingapplications -openair structures, engineering works, The Mézos fish farm in Landes showcases the potential uses of Douglas firin ofDouglas uses the potential showcases exterior structures. Landes in farm fish Mézos The Excellent the possible usesofDouglasfir for exterior cladding. of example one is Deauville in venue riding horse Cheval du international Pôle The Douglas fir's Standards). reference for thedurability oftimberstructures (seethepageon published inJuly 2011,whichisconsidered to bethenational this natural durability isdocumented inBooklet FDP20-651, Evidenced byover 30years ofuseintheconstruction industry, softwood speciesfound inEurope. has greater resistance to insectsandfungithan most other Douglas firheartwood (found inhighproportions inadulttrees) FOR CONSTRUCTION FOR A NATURAL CHOICE FIR DOUGLAS mechanical strength andnatural durability natural durability , isanothermajoradvantage. combine to make Douglasfironeofthe top choices for complex

© CAILLAUD LAMELLE COLLE (ARBONIS) - Architect BARRETZ-LOISIERS1. © Béliard Frères - Architect Philippe Guibout. (paneling, renovations, etc.). meet specific requirements, for fittingsinparticular salmon pinkcoloration), Douglasfirisalsoable to Equally admired for its of the Hermione naval ship (a replica of the frigate used by Lafayette). Douglas fir lumber from French forests was used in the reconstruction Douglas fir'squalitiesare alsosought for interior fittings. appearance (namely its

© France Douglas (with the permission of the Hermione-Lafayette association). © Architect Françoise Michallon - Agence Arch’in Design, Lyon. DOUGLAS 5 © AFAA Architecture. Didier Boy de la Tour. DOUGLAS 6 help develop controlled andoptimizedstructural designs. industry, benefitfrom precise anddetailed normative tools to material's properties which,asinotherareas oftheconstruction This positioningprimarily involves complete control over the wood hasbecome equally competitive for large-span structures. products withhigheraddedvalue (suchasGlulam,SCLorLVL), of thestructural frame market for individualhouses. Thanksto structures withlow to mediumspans.Wood accounts for over 90% Thus, itrepresents thebest technical/economic compromise for strength, isamaterial thathasalways beenusedinconstruction. Wood, dueto itsintrinsicproperties, combining lightness withmechanical Mechanical strength need to becalibrated for each speciesbased onanidentified source. 001 for France, INSTA 142 for Scandinavian countries, DIN 1074 for Germany, etc.). For the same reason, grading machines own set of visual mechanical grading reference guidelines that best fit the species that grow within its own borders been forced its has adopt country each a to result, As type. (NF soil or climate B52- the numerous as parameters, of influence such Two types of lumber with seemingly very similar features can have very different mechanical strengths. This is caused by the Resource location andmechanical strength ofthelumber Process for determining themechanical strength grade ofsoftwood STANDARDS FOR CONSTRUCTION FOR A NATURAL CHOICE FIR DOUGLAS determination of mechanical strength grade basedon ofmechanicalstrengthgrade determination differences (specific grading for eachspeciesoftree) grading (specific differences STII/L+ Visual grading according to national guidelines accordingtonational Visual grading mechanical strength grades andEuropean mechanical strengthgrades STIII STI Read-across between the national Read-across betweenthenational mechanical strengthgrades: French referenceguidelines: Mechanical strengthgrade Designer tools STI, STII, STIII/LSTII+ NF B52-001(2011) , C18 C24 C30 according tothe EN 338(2009)grades Characteristic values mechanical strength grade ofalumber grade Determining the Structure sizing of thedifferent or Eurocode5 CB71 rules C40, C35, C30, C24, C18 Machine strength grading Machine strengthgrading Examples ofmechanical EN14081-4standard strength grades: according tothe Flexure Mean axialelasticmodulus Density Strength propertiesinN/mm Axial tensilestrength Axial compression Transverse tensilestrength Mean transverseelasticmodulus Shearing Transverse compression Mean axial elastic modulus (at 5thpercentile) Mean axialelasticmodulus(at Stiffness inkN/mm Mean shearingmodulus Density inkg/m Average bulkdensity 3 2 lumber. composite lumber,andfinger-jointed grade ofglue-laminated timber,structural well as for determining themechanical (as perEurocode 5ortheCB71rules), as designing structures madefrom solidwood For example, itisofvital importance when pieces ofinformation thatmust beprovided. mechanical strength grade isoneofthekey certain information relating to lumber. The harmonized standard onthedisplayof accordance withtheEN14081–1to 4 present onallstructural lumberin January 1,2012,theCEmarkmust be Products Directive hasmeantthat,asof The introduction oftheConstruction General 2

Sawmiller tools Marking template equal to20%. moisture contentislessthanor lumberwhose for graded" "dry The CEmarkincludesthewording principles f E r f f f E f f E G r m,k v,k t,0,k c,0,k t,90,k c,90,k

90,mean 0,05 0,mean mean k mean .003 .004 0.47 0.43 0.40 0.37 0.30 .606 .508 0.88 0.81 0.75 0.69 0.56 1 2 3 3 C40 C35 C30 C24 C18 2 5 8 0 420 400 380 350 320 8 2 6 8 500 480 460 420 380 . . . . 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 . . . . 9.4 8.7 8.0 7.4 6.0 . . . . 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.2 . 4 4 4 4 3.4 82 03 40 35 30 24 18 11 82 24 21 18 14 11 82 32 26 25 23 21 18 11 314 13 12 11 9 © AFAA Architecture. Didier Boy de la Tour. Visual grading ofDouglasfirlumberinaccordance withtheNF B52-001 standard, part1.

Criteria CONSTRUCTION FOR A NATURAL CHOICE FIR DOUGLAS the "split"criterion isdifficult to predict. 5) For pieces graded as wet and for strong sections, when new information allows it. are relatively young, and could therefore be revised species particular this of populations the that fact the account into takes measurement pieces This ST-II. 150, x to down graded 50 and excluded are pith than containing smaller sections For 4) being is piece the shown time graded. the limits at the applied reason only are this for and content, linkedis lengthsplits The moisturetothe 3) the of 2) t:thickness oftheside 1) w:widthofthepiece it fgot ig m) 0≤8≤12 ≤8 ≤10 ≤6 ≤8 diameter ≤6 Knot rings(mm) Width ofgrowth length of2m in mmfora deformation Maximum decay Biological Wane (ratio) Slope ofgrain Splits od sd n h pouto o glue- of lumber. production the composite structural and timber laminated in used solid wood for grading STII+ L alternative an for in introduced providesthat 2 part a contains 2011, standard,August B52-001 NF The Information: 3)5) ag ei oktntpritdpermittedif<80mm notpermitted Large resinpocket Ingrown bark Ingrown Cupping eto 800m²>1,0 m 800m²>1,0 m 800m²>18,000mm² ≤18,000mm² >18,000mm² ≤18,000mm² >18,000mm² ≤18,000mm² Section , - ontheface hog-pislnt wc h it ftepeelength≤600mm length≤twicethewidthofpiece - through-splits - dote 1:14 1:10 - blackspecks mistletoe - bluetracesof - width - length - general - local o hog-pislnt aftewdho h ic unlimited length≤halfthewidthofpiece - nonthrough-splits apn m2 mwd 2mm/25mmwide 1mm/25mmwide <8 <10 Warping - sidedeﬂection(mm) - facedeﬂection(mm) - ontheside 2) 1) Ø ≤1/6ofw Ø ≤2/3oft 0m Ø≤40mm Ø ≤30mm 0m 0m 0m 0m 0m Ø≤80mm Ø≤40mm Ø≤80mm Ø≤40mm Ø≤80mm Ø ≤40mm and and not permitted ST-I 4) Mechanical strength test onDouglasfir lumber. Ø ≤1/6ofw Ø ≤2/3oft and and Ø ≤1/2ofw Ø ≤2/3oft 0m 0m 0 mØ≤130mm Ø≤100mm Ø≤70mm Ø ≤50mm permitted ifonlyononeface and and no restrictions not permitted not permitted < 1/3ofthelengthpieceand100cm permitted Grades TI ST-III ST-II < 1/3ofthethicknessside and Ø≤1/2 and Ø≤2/3 of w of t 1:6 1:4 Ø ≤3/4ofw Ø ≤2/3oft and and < 12 < 20 Ø ≤3/4ofw Ø ≤2/3oft and and

DOUGLAS 7 © AFAA Architecture. Didier Boy de la Tour. DOUGLAS 8 * Durability grades with regards to wood-decay fungi, insects with that donotneedpreservation treatment. and more professionals are looking for products the most sought-after for outdooruses,asmore of durability, meanthatitslumberisnow oneof The properties ofDouglasfirheartwood, in terms boring larvae, orfrom termites. susceptibility to attack from insectswithwood is alsocharacterized* byitsresistance or associated). Inparallel to this,each species which different levels offungalgrowth are according to thevarious usecategories (with wood can beusedwithoutpreservation treatment and itisthisthatdetermines whetherornotthe that characterizes atree species, Natural durability* isoneoftheproperties vary from onespeciesto another. Wood isanatural material whoseproperties Durability * The subdivisions of use category 3 are expressed as 3a and 3b and 3a expressedareas * 3 category use of subdivisions The - design. - size; - weather conditions; therefore theusecategory itshouldbeassigned: can influence themoisture content inlumber,and The documentalsohighlightsthree factors that to adverse weather conditions. structures whenthey are partially orfully exposed guaranteeing thedurability oftimber-based 3.1* and3.2*.Theserules are akey factor in that apply for theidentification ofuse categories been available from AFNOR,specifyingtherules timber partsandstructures (FDP 20-651)has Since July 2011,adocumentonthedurability of Standards inFrance this documentreflects this forthcoming change. in used terminology The 3.2. and 3.1 becomingstandard, pean Euro-revised335 the EN with line in them bring to change will in the first version of FD P 20-651, published in July 2011. These standard onthenatural durability ofsolidwood. wood boring larvae, and termites are explained in the EN 350-2 STANDARDS FOR CONSTRUCTION FOR A NATURAL CHOICE FIR DOUGLAS , Weather conditions > > Impact: number ofdaysduringwhichthere isover 1mmofrainfall. Three climate zonesare definedbasedontheaverage annual Details ofinﬂuencingfactors Identifying theusecategory > > • • • Three classes ofdesignperformance are defined: Design > Impact: to thetypeofmaterial used. Three sizes(thickness ofthepiece) are definedaccording Size Impact: associated designclass. the DTU willprovide thecriteria neededto definethe that definestheimplementation rules for that structure, When thestructure iscovered byaDTU, adocument ag 5m 5 mt>210mm t>150mm t>75mm Large eim2 m

Glulam withlamellas > 35mmandSCL Climate zones Wet (>150days) (100-150days) Moderate (<100days) Dry Glulam withlamellas 35 mm up to © AFAA Architecture. Didier Boy de la Tour. lifespans. reliable anddurable, basedontheirexpected to ensure thattimberstructures are optimally as possible) to apply duringthedesignstage, rules (whichare intended to beasunambiguous The purposeofthisnew tool isto setout the each ofthespecieslisted. wood boringlarvae andtermites isshown for Susceptibility (orresistance) to bothinsectswith > insects L1: L2: L3: document are: The lifespan categories describedin the on itsusecategory. For eachspecies,thelifespan isshown depending category to beassigned to thestructure. The risklevel for fungiisassociated withtheuse > fungi degradation agents: durability withregards to thefollowing biological species, andgives eachonealevel ofnatural The booklet lists avery large numberofwood degradation agents against differentbiological Species durability facades (cladding,joinery,etc.) General examples: reflects this forthcoming change. These willchangeto bringtheminlinewiththerevised EN335European standard, becoming 3.1and3.2.Theterminology usedinthisdocument The subdivisionsofusecategory 3are expressed as3aand3binthefirst version ofFDP20-651publishedinJuly 2011. based oninﬂuencingfactors Assigning theusecategory Medium FOR CONSTRUCTION FOR A NATURAL CHOICE FIR DOUGLAS Large Small ieDesign Size between 10and50years. between 50and100years; over 100years; rpig31323.2 3.2 3.1 Trapping rpig31324 3.2 3.1 Trapping rpig32324 3.2 3.2 Trapping riig31313.1 3.1 3.1 Draining riig31313.2 3.1 3.1 Draining riig31313.2 3.1 3.1 Draining vrg . . 3.2 3.1 3.1 Average vrg . . 3.2 3.1 3.1 Average vrg . . 3.2 3.2 3.1 Average , wood usedinbuilding Dry Weather conditions Use categories Moderate

Wet (decking, pergolas, etc.) Specific examples: Medium Large Small ieDesign Size rpig3244 4 3.2 Trapping rpig3244 4 3.2 Trapping rpig444 4 4 Trapping riig31313.1 3.1 3.1 Draining riig31313.2 3.1 3.1 Draining riig31323.2 3.2 3.1 Draining vrg . . 3.2 3.2 3.1 Average vrg . . 3.2 3.2 3.1 Average vrg . . 4 3.2 3.2 Average sensitive to moisture uptake. compared to other species thatare equally durable butmore lumber for structures inusecategories 3.1and3.2when moisture uptake, guaranteeing thesuperiordurability ofthis and red cedar), andunderscores itsparticularresistance to fir heartwood (themost durable softwood along withlarch The booklet (FDP20-651)confirms thehighqualityofDouglas recognized durability Douglas ﬁr: Douglas fir Red cedar Larch with theconditionsdefinedindecree 2ofthe theriskofinsects,As for thishastobedeterminedinaccordance for the3.1usecategory. hasanL1lifespan Douglas firsapwood structures, theITFCBAnotedthat, withregardstofungalgrowth, grow. carried outonolder reviewandsurveys Followingaliterature to fungi the lumber'smoisturecontentbelow thelevelneededfor resistant tomoistureuptakeand, asaresult, keeps consistently hasthespecialcharacteristicofbeingrelatively Douglas firsapwood Special feature ofDouglasfirsapwood termites and other insects with wood boring larvae, boring wood with insects other and termites Fungal resistanceofheartwood fully exposed wood Dry based onusecategory Weather conditions Use categories Moderate 3L 2L1 L1 L2 L1 L2 L3 L2 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 . 3.2 3.1 2 1 Wet assignable inusecategory 2 Area protected byanoverhang to insectswithwood area Protected boring larvae Resistance area Unprotected D Yes Yes Yes and in the DTUs.

law relating to to relating law

H =2.5xD

H Resistance termites No No No to

DOUGLAS 9 © AFAA Architecture. Didier Boy de la Tour. DOUGLAS 10 NOTE C:for pieces widerthan225mm,thetotal numberofknots must beincreased by50%. For pineswiderthan180mm,thesizeof the knotsmust beincreased by10mm. NOTE B:for spruces, firs, Douglasfirs andlarches widerthan225 mm, thesizeofknotsmust beincreased by10mm. NOTE A:knotsmeasuring10mmorless are nottaken into account unless they are rotten orloose. * Only appliesto knotsiningrown bark. the timberisintended to bevisible. addition to thestructural grade, especially when products and,insomecases, they are usedin standard are currently usedfor lumberandsiding The appearance grades definedintheNFEN1611 grading Appearance Douglas fir, pine,fir, spruce, andEuropean larch. Grading for two sidesfor knots-maximumaccepted values for thefollowing species: see NOTES A andC see NOTES A andB Size ofround/oval afﬂicted meterof Number ofknots the gradedface STANDARDS FOR CONSTRUCTION FOR A NATURAL CHOICE FIR DOUGLAS on gradedface on themost knots Characteristics intergrown sound and otno os o emte Notpermitted Notpermitted rotten orloose nrw aknotpermitted bark ingrown partially intergrown partially dead or oa ubr246unlimited 6 4 2 total number bark loose oriningrown including rotten/ or splay knots or splay including spike , +10 mm + 0mm of width of width Grade G2-0 10% 10% unlimited 5 6 2 4 1* 0 0 + 20mm + 10mm + 0mm of width of width of width Grade G2-1 10% 10% 10% • • The visualappearance grading procedures have: NODOSITY grading forsoftwood lumber NF EN1611- a grading onfour faces: a grading ontwo faces: procedure, refer to theNFEN1611standard). about thecriteria usedfor thisgrading used –seetable opposite); + 35mm + 15mm + 20mm + 15mm of width of width of width of width Grade Limits G2-2 10% 10% 10% 10% + 50mm + 40mm + 50mm + 40mm of width of width of width of width Grade G2-3 10% 10% 10% 10% G2 G4 Appearance (themost frequently (to findoutmore Unlimited butmust Unlimited butmust strength ofthe strength ofthe not impactthe not impactthe Grade board board G2-4 © AFAA Architecture. Didier Boy de la Tour. NOTE F:measured inaccordance withEN1311-ifthere are several infested orinfected areas, addtheareas inquestion together. NOTE E:anabnormalslope ofgrain includesburls,cross grain, andothersimilarconditions. Douglas fir, pine,fir, spruce, andEuropean larch. Grading for two sides-maximumaccepted values ofothercharacteristics for thefollowing species: OTHER CHARACTERISTICS on graded side on graded bark Ingrown on graded face on graded Resin pockets on any side on any wood Resinated on any side on any Compression wood see NOTEE Abnormal slopeofgrain see NOTEF side on any ordote Discoloration see NOTEF Rot Deformation Splits Pith Wane Insect damage FOR CONSTRUCTION FOR A NATURAL CHOICE FIR DOUGLAS G2- 3 G2- 2 G2- 1 G2- 0 , Characteristics ubro otafitdmtr0224unlimited 2 2 0 meter number onmostafflicted oa egh(m 0 0 0 unlimited 300 200 100 0 total length(mm) ubro otafitdmtr2444unlimited 4 4 2 meter number onmostafflicted oa egh(m 5102030unlimited 300 200 100 75 total length(mm) %o ufc ra 05 unlimited 50 30 0 0 (% ofsurfacearea) %o ufc ra 03 0unlimited 50 30 10 0 (% ofsurfacearea) on any side on any ep( fttlsraeae)001 0unlimited 50 10 0 0 deep (%oftotalsurfacearea) on any side on any (% oftotalsurfacearea) surface discoloration not permit Grade G2-0 ted 010unlimited 100 20 0 0 - not permit Grade G2-1 ted not permitted - emte emte permitted permitted permitted See NFEN1611 Grade G2-2 Limits Grade G2-3 small tracesofrot permitted Grade G2-4

DOUGLAS 11 DOUGLAS 12 31-1 isC18. The minimummechanical strength grade required byDTU grades ofmechanical strength: The Douglasfir product range isdividedinto three Mechanical properties: Structural lumber Rough sawnlumbersections(greenwood) (inmm) Standard sections: Details oftheStructural Lumberrange • • The range consists oftwo complementary options,eachofwhichresponds to different needs: 300 200 175 150 100 75 63 50 41 38 32 planed sections(20%dry). rough sawnlumbersections(greenwood); be usedto obtain thelumber sizeafter drying. The EN336standard gives thecalculation thatshould Drying causes sectionsto shrink. Information: THE RANGE FOR CONSTRUCTION FOR A NATURAL CHOICE FIR DOUGLAS 5101015202520300 250 225 200 175 150 100 75 , C18, C24, and C30. C18, C24,andC30. Planed sections(20%dry)*(inmm) particular applications, othersectionsmayalsobeoffered. For exhaustive. not is tables two these in described range product The * Some planed sections come from specific lumber sections that do not appear in the previous Special Contract Documents (DPMs).The this isthecase, thisqualitymust bespecifically mentionedin the For someuses,aparticular appearance qualitymayberequired. Where Appearance grade: used as areference for theappearance grading ofsoftwoods. table. 90 70 68 56 45 35 87 09 2 4 4 6 9 1 2 4 285 240 220 215 190 165 145 140 120 95 90 70 68

© SPBL. Product Declaration ( has beenawarded anEnvironmental The Structural Lumberproduct range ENVIRONMENTAL ACCREDITATION: of the market isgoverned bytheNFP21-365standard. to 4),andtheproduction ofcutframes intended for sale onthe lumber. Structural lumberissubjectto CEmarking(EN14081-1 DTU 31-1definestherules applicable to theuseof structural for buildingdesignsthatdonottrap water. that are exposed to adverse weather conditions, durability meansitcan alsobeusedfor structures Commonly usedfor interior frames, itsnatural proof. fir hasmechanical properties thatneednofurther Providing anatural structural material, Douglas FDES ) NF EN1611 EDP =new version standard can be

© Scierie Dubot et Fils. Durability hr r w ye fDulsfrpout Douglasfirinthe contextof standards and There are two typesofDouglasfirproduct: * Use category 2: surface treatment (dipping, spraying, brushing) / Use category 3.1: category Use / * brushing) spraying, (dipping, treatmentsurface 2: category Use must beapplied*. level,preservationa treatment suitedto the intended categoryuse tolerance 5% the exceeds sapwood of proportion the as soon As 2 in thepiece). incorporates atolerance of5%sapwood With regards to structural lumber, theDouglasfirproduct range the applications inquestion. on depending DTUs, the by defined usually is volume acceptable The sapwood. of volumecertain a include can lumber wood" "Red "sapwood-free"). offered (see tables below) for use without treatment ("red wood" or arepreviously mentioned sections preferredlumber the of Some 1 75 63 50 41 38 32 treatment in an autoclave with the application of a suitable, maintained finish as finish maintained necessary. suitable, a of application the with autoclave an in treatment 3.2: and 3.1 2, categories Use / suitable,finish surfacemaintaineda treatment with Products withconferred durability Products withnatural durability ("red wood") FOR CONSTRUCTION FOR A NATURAL CHOICE FIR DOUGLAS 0 2 5 7 0 225 200 175 150 125 100 Rough sawn lumbersections Rough sawn (greenwood) in"redwood" (greenwood) used in this document reflects this forthcoming this reflects change. document this in terminology European used The 335 3.2. EN and 3.1 revised becoming the standard, with line in them P20-651 bring FD to change will of These 2011. version July in first published the in 3b and 3a expressed as are 3 category use of subdivisions The General example -Timberbuiltinto facades Assigning usecategories structure's to the lifespan, isencouraged. lengthen decision would which The design, category draining assigned. a use use been has the it structure of which reliabilityto lumber the a on of depends durability the Ensuring Design anddurability ofexterior structural lumber Medium Large Small ieDesign Size , rpig31323.2 3.2 3.1 Trapping rpig31324 3.2 3.1 Trapping rpig32324 3.2 3.2 Trapping riig31313.1 3.1 3.1 Draining riig31313.2 3.1 3.1 Draining riig31313.2 3.1 3.1 Draining vrg . . 3.2 3.1 3.1 Average vrg . . 3.2 3.1 3.1 Average vrg . . 3.2 3.2 3.1 Average Dry Weather conditions Use categories 68 56 45 35 Moderate 51010151510215 190 165 145 140 120 95 (20% dry) in"redwood" (20% dry) (in a section at any point any at section a (in Planed sections Wet Specific example: buildinginamoderate climate EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2 for exposed structural parts: Best designpractice • • • • • and manymore... traps; assembly withseparating partsto prevent water column basesraised above thefloor; the uppersurfaces ofhorizontal parts; protective element for timberendsor water run-off; machining ofpartsto facilitate contributing towards thestability ofthestructure. the resistance ofthelumber(beitnatural orconferred) wood boring larvae boring wood larvae inaccordance withtheEN 350-2standard* > • resistance against insectswithwood boring regulations (inmainlandFrance) * Douglas fir, like all other tree varieties grown in and France in grown * varieties tree other all like fir, Douglas * The subdivisions of use category 3 are expressed as 3a and and 3a as expressed are 3 category use of * subdivisions The > assigned to use category 3.1*,3.2",oreven 4. If thestructures are exposed, they mayequally be • lumber withusecategories: adverse weather conditions (usecategory 2). involves theuseofwood thatisprotected from s aeoy23.1 2 Use category fir heartwood ofDouglas Durability uoen tnad bcmn 31 n 32 Te terminology used inthisdocumentreflects this forthcoming change. The 3.2. and 3.1 becoming standard, European These will change to bring them in line with the revised EN 335 3b in the first version of FD P 20-651, published in July 2011. 2011. July in published 20-651, P FD of version first the in 3b required. be preservationsuitablewill treatment a towardsstability,structural contributes In that lumber termites. for cases, to of susceptible majority the is construction, in used often Decree 2ofthe For themost part,thestructural lumbermarket

Douglas firheartwood is well-known for its Compatibility ofDouglasfir structural Case 2 Case 1 Assigned to usecategory 3.1. (draining) timber endofthecolumn 10cmofftheground Column basewithsupport plate to elevate the 150 x(large size) Columns: Assigned to usecategory 3.1. separated: draining. Assembly: sloped upper surface: draining. 50 x175(mediumsize) Struts: law on termites and other insects with with insects other and termites on law concerns, for theareas inquestion, durable Very Very durable Very Very * Example: Durable 3.2 *

DOUGLAS 13 DOUGLAS 14 Timber frames * sectioncan also beusedfor joists (floors, flat roofs, etc.) List ofstandard sections(planedwithrounded orchamfered edges): Sections Details oftheTimberFrame range Mechanical properties The minimummechanical strength grade required byDTU 31-2isC18. The Douglasfirproduct range isdividedinto two grades ofmechanical strength: one-atn4 27-4560 45 Counter-batten ibrfae4 95-120145165190220* 45 Timber frame THE RANGE FOR CONSTRUCTION FOR A NATURAL CHOICE FIR DOUGLAS (moisture: 18%) hcns m)Widths(mm) Thickness (mm) ,

© Provvedi Industrie. ( Product Declaration has beenawarded anEnvironmental The TimberFrame product range ENVIRONMENTAL ACCREDITATION: the NFEN14732standard. market are alsosubjectto CEmarkinginaccordance with marking (EN14081-1to 4).Prefabricated wallssoldonthe walls withtimberframes. Structural lumberissubjectto CE DTU 31-2definestherules applicable to the construction of use invertical wallsandfloorjoists. Manufacturers offer standard sectionsfor frame buildingsfor several years. used intheconstruction oftimber and durability, Douglasfirhasbeen Thanks to itsmechanical properties EDP =new version ofthe C18 andC24. FDES ) Durability 2 spraying, brushing). surfacetreatmenta applying(dipping, by achieved tolerance10% usuallybe canlevel,category 2 use exceedssapwood proportionthe of the as soon As this requirement. meets range product wood" "red fir Douglas The Douglasfirinthe contextof standards and regulations all "padded" sectionsinwallswithtimberframes. for content sapwood 10% permits 31-2 DTU 1 There are two typesofDouglasfirproduct: Products withconferred durability Product withnatural durability ("red wood") FOR CONSTRUCTION FOR A NATURAL CHOICE FIR DOUGLAS Standards for timberframe walls with insulationincore Solution 1 • • changing,structures aretherefore whichmeans: ofbuildingenvelopes. theinsulation with itatighteningoftherequirements for Timber framewall The introductionofthe2012 2020 (andtheforthcoming Thermal Regulation brings Thermal Regulation) Changes inthermalregulations: or reinforced insulation willneedtobeused ontheinteriororexterior(solutions2and3). insulation or reinforced wallswillneedtoincrease(solution1); structures for either thewidthofprimary , : Primarystructure plasterboard) (supporting fir battens Douglas plasterboard) (supporting fir battens Douglas Solution 2 with internal layer ofinsulation the EN 350-2standard* against insectswithwood boringlarvae inaccordance with (in mainlandFrance) contributing towards thestability ofthe structure. the resistance ofthelumber(beitnatural orconferred) > • > • * Douglas fir, like all other tree varieties grown in France and oftenused and France in grown tree varieties other all like * fir, Douglas FD P 20-651 ( category 2. durability (natural orconferred) thatiscompatible withuse wood boring larvae boring wood : Primarystructure n osrcin i ssetbe o emts I te aoiy f ae, for cases, treatment willberequired. of majority the preservation In suitable a stability, structuraltowards contributes termites.that lumber to susceptible is construction, in Decree 2ofthe Lumber usedfor primarystructures must have alevel of

Douglas firheartwood hasalifespan ofL3according to Douglas firheartwood is well-known for its resistance upright fir frame Douglas and plasterboard) insulation layer of for internal (support fir battens Douglas > 100 years) for usecategory 2. law on termites and other insects with with insects other and termites on law concerns, for the areas inquestion, with external layer of insulation Solution 3 : Primarystructure upright fir frame Douglas insulation) layer of for external (support fir battens Douglas plasterboard) (supporting fir battens Douglas

DOUGLAS 15 DOUGLAS 16 and structural compositelumber(SCL) Glue-laminated timber(Glulam) Lamella thickness: Details oftheGluedLumberrange Standard widthsinmm(non-exhaustive list) Height: spans can reach upto 40mfor heightsover 2m. is no thicker than 45 mm. Whether straight or curved, their which of each lamellas, wood a solid glued of largenumber of composed are Glulam) (or timbers Glue-laminated Glulam Standard dimensions < 45mm* 72, 75, 90, 115, 120, 135, 140, 160, 180, 200… Various heights(multiplesofthethicknesslamella) * The thickness ofthelamella can beless depending THE RANGE FOR CONSTRUCTION FOR A NATURAL CHOICE FIR DOUGLAS on theusecategory , (moisture: 12to 15%)

© Cosylva. SCL components are often between 12 and 16 m in length. The maximumthickness ofeachlamellais80mm. as manyfive. be may there although lamellas, three or two of up made normally components, structural straight for used is SCL A selection ofcommon cuts(inmm): SCL 240 200 180 160 140 120 100 80

© FARGEOT LAMELLE COLLE (ARBONIS) - Cabinet R2k Architectes. 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 EN 14080standard). the NFB52-010standard (untilthey are incorporated into therevised Glulam issubjectto CEmarking(EN14080),andSCLiscovered by glue-laminated timberorstructural composite timberframes. DTU 31-1definestherules applicable to the construction of a brightfuture inthis field. fir, aspeciesthat copes well withgluing,gives it The mechanical strength anddurability ofDouglas solutions to thisfor medium-andlarge-span projects. Glued lumbers (suchasGlulamandSCL)offer construction industry isconstantly increasing. The demandfor engineered products inthe

Durability Mechanical properties * Use category 2: surface treatment (dipping, spraying, brushing) / Use category 3.1: must beapplied*. level, a preservation treatment suited to the intended use category tolerance5% the exceedssapwood of proportion the as soon As any pointinthepiece). range incorporates atolerance of5%sapwood With regards to structural lumber,theDouglasfirproduct amount certain a contain of sapwood, whichisgenerally can definedbythe DTUs. products lumber wood" "Red 2 1 There are two typesofDouglasfirproduct: • delivery for times lead range, GL28 the * in availableare quantities limited only As • mechanical strength for Glulamandtwo grades for SCL: The Douglasfirproduct range isdividedintothree grades of as necessary. suitable,finish maintaineda of application the autoclavewith an treatmentin 3.2: and 3.1 2, categories Use / finish maintained suitable, a with treatment surface structures withGlulam. designing for cases of majority the in sufficient longer.is gradebe GL24 may The Products withconferred durability Products withnatural durability ("red wood") FOR CONSTRUCTION FOR A NATURAL CHOICE FIR DOUGLAS SCL: GT18, GT24 Glulam: GL20,GL24,GL28* currently beingrevised, whichwould allow SCLto begiven CEmarking. characteristicsincorporatedThese standardbe 14080 may EN intothe is that when usededgewise. is 10% greater than the mechanical strength of the woods that they comprise, SCL of strength mechanical the that shows FCBA the by out carried study A Information: ,

(inasectionat

© Luc Demolombe Architect. Centre Aquatique Communautaire d’Agde. > towards thestability ofthestructure. lumber (beitnatural orconferred) contributing for theareas inquestion, theresistance ofthe larvae inaccordance withtheEN 350-1 standard* resistance against insectswithwood boring and regulations (inmainlandFrance) Douglas firinthe context of standards • insects with wood boring larvae boring wood with insects * Douglas fir, like all other tree varieties grown in and France in grown * varieties tree other all like fir, Douglas 3a as expressed are 3 category use of subdivisions * The > • structural frames withusecategories: assigned to usecategory 3.1*,3.2",oreven 4. If thestructures are exposed, they mayequally be (use category 2). that isprotected from adverse weather conditions structural frame market involves theuseofwood s aeoy23.1 2 Use category fir heartwood ofDouglas Durability required. be preservationsuitablewill treatment a towardsstability,structural contributes In that lumber termites. for cases, to of susceptible majority the is construction, in used often change. forthcomingreflects this document this in used terminology re- the The 3.2. and 3.1 with standard,Europeanbecoming 335 EN vised line in them bring to change will These 2011. July in published 20-651, P FD of version first the in 3b and Decree 2ofthe For themost part,theGlulamandSCL

Douglas firheartwood is well-known for its Compatibility ofDouglasfirGlulamandSCL

law on termites and other other and termites on law durable Very Very durable concerns, Very Very * Durable 3.2 *

© LIARD ET TANGUY ARCHITECTES. DOUGLAS 17 DOUGLAS 18 Three typesofDouglasfirproduct are available*: Cladding ih h rvsd N 3 Erpa sadr, becoming line standard, in this forthcoming change. European them reflects document this in 335 bring used terminology The 3.2. and EN to 3.1 revised change published the as will P20-651 FD These with expressed 2011. of are version July first 3 in the category in 3b use and 3a of subdivisions The This isconsolidated byusingthetable below. the of category use the structure inquestion (asperFDP20-651). of identification accurate the by determined predominantly is cladding lumber of durability The Design anddurability oflumbercladding Douglas firheartwood is compatible with Durability Details oftheCladdingrange * Natural durability options can beusedinmainlandFrance. Medium Small THE RANGE FOR CONSTRUCTION FOR A NATURAL CHOICE FIR DOUGLAS ieDesign Size 1 - natural durability: compatible No sapwood: with rpig31323.2 3.2 3.1 Trapping rpig31324 3.2 3.1 Trapping riig31313.1 3.1 3.1 Draining riig31313.2 3.1 3.1 Draining vrg . . 3.2 3.1 3.1 Average vrg . . 3.2 3.1 3.1 Average use category 3.2. , r Moderate Dry Weather conditions Use categories Wet use category 3.2 2 - natural durability: compatible product inuse: Sapwood notvisible once with * The revision of DTU 41-2 that is currently in progress will link the type of design (draining, vrg, rpig t cntuto idsr patcs hrzna, etcl perforated vertical, cladding, etc.), for standard partsaswell asparticular features. (horizontal, practices industry construction to trapping) average, use category 3.1. (or3b)for theentire expected lifespan ofcladdingproducts.

© Piveteau Bois - Architect BAL AMI et BADER. ( Declaration awarded anEnvironmental Product The Claddingproduct range hasbeen ENVIRONMENTAL ACCREDITATION: standards. must comply withtheNFEN14519andNF15146 NF EN14915harmonizedstandard, andtheirmanufacture lamellas are subjectto CEmarkinginaccordance withthe DTU 41-2definestherules for installing cladding.Cladding to improve theenergy efficiencyofbuildings. encourage external wallinsulationsystems time whensustainable development tends to choice for exterior sidings,especially ata availability ofDouglasfirmake itapopular The natural durability, aesthetic nature, and EDP =new version ofthe - natural durability: compatible content: No restrictions onsapwood - conferred durability: compatible © Jordy Construction. 3 with treatment used). (dependent onpreservation up to Design > Location to FDP20-651 Criteria according Example: > Thickness: 22mm use category 2. use category 3.2 moderate climate small size FDES : draining* : Aveyron ) can alsobeoffered with arough orbrushedsurface. The most common form ofmachiningisplaning.Douglasfircladding Examples ofprofiles normally used Profiles andmachining inthe be detailed will specifications (which relating to the contract) can beoffered. options specific uses, particular For provided they meettherequirements for grade Aatleast. range willconsist ofproducts thatpossess allthestandard properties, In practice, since there isonly oneoption,batches intheDouglas standards (seetable below). with therequirements oftheNFEN14519and15146 The Douglasfirproduct range offers asingle optionthat complies Appearance round/oval FOR CONSTRUCTION FOR A NATURAL CHOICE FIR DOUGLAS knots on akgn i a ae poetd rm adverse from protected area weather conditions. an their in in them bending store packaging to from advisable is lamellas it the use, before prevent to order In Information onstorage requirements: graded graded Size of side te rtraSeeNFEN14519or15146 Other criteria intergrown intergrown in ingrown in ingrown or loose partially partially dead or sound rotten black bark

, no requirements not permitted if not grouped if notgrouped up to5mm specified in + 30mm + 35mm standard Standard quality(grade A) together of width of width 10% 10%

minimum level needed. cited inthetable isthe The requirement level Information: Interlocked oroverlapped cladding * Other sectionsmaybesupplieddepending (moisture: 18%+/-1%) Standard sections* Open jointcladding interlocking: of overlapping or Minimum amount • • • the structure. on thespecificitiesofmanufacturer and/or Cladding cladding cladding than 150mm: Lamella greater lamella width 10% oftheoverall 100 and150mm: Lamellas between 10 mm 100 mmoverall: Lamellas less than Glulam Solid Thickness (mm) 72 90–120145 27/28 4120–160 80–90 44 36 Thickness (mm) 5200 200 25 20 8170–175 110–130135170 44 100–110125 28 22 15 mm Examples ofexposed overall widths(mm) widths (mm) Examples of Examples of

Overall width Exposed width Overlap 130 –135

Overall width DOUGLAS 19 DOUGLAS 20 facade). (the appearance ofdifferent colors onthesame building to ensure theaesthetics are notaffected Care must alsobetaken whendesigningthe the growth ofmoldonthewood's surface. the typeoftreatment used),inorder to prevent treatment, withorwithoutafinish(dependingon sun, etc.), itispreferable to apply apreservation near aforest, lake, river, slopes shadedfrom the In certain dampconditions (e.g.ifthestructure is Douglas firlumberwillturnasilver-gray color. does notrequire theapplication ofafinish, With natural aging, in locations where the material Natural aging Controlling changes inappearance The working life ofDouglasfircladding Cladding withfinish(semi-transparentglaze). THE RANGE FOR CONSTRUCTION FOR A NATURAL CHOICE FIR DOUGLAS ,

© Leduc Structure Bois. Piveteau Bois. used inaccordance withtherules setoutin: Finishes thatare appliedonworksites must be glazes, microporous paints). can begraded according to NF927:glazes,opaque NF EN927-1standard (examples offinishesthat surfaces must begraded inaccordance withthe Finishes andpaintingsystems for exterior timber even ifexposed to adverse weather conditions. to ensure thattheappearance remains thesame life, especially for small-sizedparts.Itskey role is However, itcan helpextend thestructure's service affects theusecategory. The finish cannot be regarded asanelement that Finishes • • or saturators, are alsoavailable onthemarket. Other typesoffinish,suchasoil-heattreatment Douglas fircladdingwithoutfinishafterconstruction. DTU 59-1. the technical sheets for thegraded system;

FOR CONSTRUCTION FOR A NATURAL CHOICE FIR DOUGLAS • • on batten Placed horizontally Cladding ventilation Number offastenings andtheirplacement determined bywidth • Cladding lamellas: Sizing rules Advice for usingwooden cladding Horizontal battens: • • • • • Vertical battens inlinewithuprights: Battens: 100 < W ≤125 W ≤100 lamella W (inmm) Exposed widthof 125 < W ≤200 ratio between exposed width/thickness minimum thickness of18 mmifthecenter distances between thesupports minimum thickness of15mmifthecenter distances between thesupports minimum thickness of27mmfor center distance and fastening upto 65 cm. minimum thickness of22mmfor center distance and fastening upto 40 cm; minimum thickness of22 mm. width equalto atleast 35mm; fastenings every 30cm; , Without finish With finish lowerendthroughlamella, upperendofchamferorat One fasteningat 10mmfrombottomofgroove. - Upperfasteningintopthirdoflamella. frombottomofgroove. least10mmaway - Lowerfasteningat Two fastenings: : lowerendthroughlamella. upperendofchamferorat Onefasteningat : lowerend, Onefasteningat 10mmfrombottomofgroove. on double batten Placed vertically ≤ 7.5. Number andlocationoffastenings

("chicanes"): Interrupted horizontal battens ≤ ≤ 40cm; 65cm; do notuse

DOUGLAS 21 DOUGLAS 22 Decking Boards have a minimum mechanical strength grade of gradestrength mechanical minimum a have Boards Mechanical properties 18% (after production asperNF B54-040). Target moisture Durability Details oftheDeckingrange 1 decking. in theirpackaginganarea protected from adverse weather conditions. In order to prevent the boards from bending before use, it is advisable to store them Information onstorage requirements: THE RANGE FOR CONSTRUCTION FOR A NATURAL CHOICE FIR DOUGLAS ,

© France Douglas. ( Product Declaration been awarded anEnvironmental The Deckingproduct range has ENVIRONMENTAL ACCREDITATION: * The subdivisions of use category 3 are expressed as 3a and 3b in the first use category 3.1*. walkways, covered patios,balconies, etc.), itcan beassigned to category 4or3.2*.Incertain, specific locations (covered standard. Exterior timberdeckingisgenerally allocated to use manufacture ofdeckingboards isgoverned bytheNFB54-040 DTU 51-4definestherules for constructing timberdecking.The industry, whichiscurrently booming. market requirements ofthewooden terrace has somereal advantages thathelpitmeetthe Douglas fir, withitsnatural durability (heartwood), EDP change. and 3.2. The terminology used in this document reflects3.1 this forthcoming becoming standard, European 335 EN revised the with line in them version of FD P 20-651, published in July 2011. These will change to bring Two typesofDouglasfirproduct are available: are compatible with Boards withsapwood after treatment are compatible with Boards completely stripped ofsapwood 2 1 of theboards. There must benosharpedgesonany Sections andmachining 2 1 Al h wdh son o a ie tikes al within fall thickness given a for shown widths the All For increased stability of the product, it is advisable to opt Standard thicknesses 5145-165 140-145165 120-140145 110-120140145 90-110120 45 36 32 27/28 21/22 h soe f h N B400 tnad (maximum standard B54-040 entail a reduction in slenderness. NF may construction situations, some the In 6). of slenderness of scope the for thicknesses greater thanorequalto 27mm. Products withconferred durability Product withnatural durability ("red wood") can vary dependingonthequantitiesrequested. can vary For somesections, timescales supply =new version ofthe 1 (m Standardwidths (mm) use category 3.2 use category 3.2 FDES 2 ) (mm) . . for moderate andwet climates (according to FD20-651) Average design*deckingthatcan beassigned to usecategory 3.2 Compatibility ofDouglasfirdeckingboards anduse categories asperFDP20-651 * The subdivisions of use category 3 are expressed as 3a and 3b in the in 3b and 3a expressedas are 3 category* use of subdivisions The * Therules shown below are taken from DTU 51-4andapply to type1decking. Optimizing design forthcoming change. coming 3.1 and 3.2. The terminology used in this document reflectsbe- standard,European this 335 EN revised the with line in them bring to change will These July 2011. in published 20-651, P FD first of version FOR CONSTRUCTION FOR A NATURAL CHOICE FIR DOUGLAS (< 75mm) • Rules for boards • • Rules for joists Small or medium 1/100 at the top of the joists, and over a surface area representing at least a minimum air flow. Air intake must be perpendicular to the boards, ensuring limited to is decking the of underside the on Confinement ieDesign Size The "average" designalsoinvolves additionalrules for joists (refer to DTU 51-4P1-1). Rule for slenderness ofboards t SOLUTION 1 S = slendernessW/t th ofthetotal deckingsurface. W rpig3.2* Trapping vrg .*32 3.2* 3.2* 3.1* Average , min slope 4% s r Moderate Dry max -1 Weather conditions Use category

t SOLUTION 2 S = slendernessW/t Wet W zero slope for obtaining introduces specificrules In additionto this,DTU 51-4also correspond to defined in DTU 51-4 The general designrules s max -2 "Average Designs" "Trapping Designs" t • between thetwo lamellaends. mm 3-6 of space a with lamella) the joist (set back 20 mm from the end of supported due to the use of a double be to need not do ends lamella The . . 20 "z" =3to6mm

DOUGLAS 23 DOUGLAS 24 THE RANGE FOR CONSTRUCTION FOR A NATURAL CHOICE FIR DOUGLAS The lifespan ofDouglasfirdecking the natural agingofthewood. applications, thisfinish cannot prevent However, withoutrepeated that hasbeendesignedfor thispurpose. stain, animpregnation glazeoranoil) system (suchasanonfilmogenicdeck necessary to useasuitable finishing modify theusecategory. Itistherefore appearance ofthewood, butthiscannot reasons to minimize thenatural aging A finish can bechosen for aesthetic conditions. is evenly exposed to adverse weather all-over silver-gray color whenitssurface Douglas firdeckingwill, over time,turnan Controlling changesinappearance • • • • • • • Values b,c,dandfdependonthediameter ofthescrew used. Recommendations for usingDouglasfirlumber for exterior decking g: clearance between theboard endsranging from f: joist width. e: board thickness. d: positionofthescrew inrelation to thejoist edge. c: positionofthescrew inrelation to theboard end. b: positionofthescrew inrelation to theboard edge. a: board spacinginstandard conditions (type 1decking). OF DECKINGSLATS ce m≤6m =8mm ≤6mm ≤5mm Screw Ø CROSS-SECTION L d b c f , b a b 7m 5m ≥79mm ≥18mm ≥65mm ≥14mm ≥ 57mm ≥ 12mm 5m 7m ≥20mm ≥17mm ≥ 15mm e from 3to 12mm. OF DECKINGSLATSJOINTEDATENDS 5m / 18mm

e min 20mm to 3timesmax"e" DTU 51-4). areprovidedin thesiteinquestion(maps content for the lumber'sminimumormaximumequilibriummoisture arelaidand moisture contentoftheboardswhenthey lifespan. This spacingisdeterminedbasedonthe alltimesduringthedecking's between 3and12 mmat boards duringconstruction, toensurethisremains definingthespacingbetween DTU 51-4setstherulesfor Spacing between boards joist LONGITUDINAL OVERHANG e (taken from DTU 51-4) 10 to 15 mm15 10 to fastening offsetby28to33mm e SIDE OVERHANG 120 mm120

© Piveteau Bois. © Jean-Christophe Dupuy. asserting its economic potential, year after year itseconomicpotential,yearafter asserting . France that is increasingly Douglas is therefore contributing to the structuring of an industry four areas: To meetthisgoal,France Douglashasfocusedondevelopingitsoperationsinthe following the mountainousregionsofcentralFrance . It is within this framework that France its 50 or so members to Douglas has supported • • • • the reforestationprogramsinsecondhalfof20 cohesion aspossible,thepromotionofDouglasfir, anewnationwideresourcebornfrom professionals inFrance's mainproducingregions.Theiraimwastoensure,withasmuch and sawmill France DouglaswasfoundedinNovember1993,initiatedbyforestry uniting theindustryfor20years France Douglas:

renewable resource with remarkable technological properties . properties technological remarkable with resource renewable develop the fir in the construction market for the long term, and thereby capitalize on a national national a on capitalize thereby and term, long the for market construction the in fir With this new tool, the industry now has an added advantage to help establish Douglas Douglas establish help to advantage added an has now industry the tool, new this With the range (www .france-douglas.com)thatlists implementing aconsistentcommunications program thatrelieson the sector . and, whereneeded,collectiveactiontoimprovetheorganizationandcompetitivenessof professionals,which translates intoconstantexchangesofinformation industry supporting equipped todeterminetheresource'svaluethanvisualgrading. projectsformechanicalgradingmachines,whicharebetterheavily involvedincertification from the year 2000todefine thecharacteristics of Douglasfir, FranceDouglas hasbeen as waystoobtainthemostvaluefromit. To complement thevariousstudiesconducted forabetterengaging intheresearchworknecessary understandingofthematerial,aswell qualification ofmaterialsandtheirusageconditions, monitoring standardizationworkthatcontributestodefiningtechnicalguidelinesforthe as newsletters, attendance andorganizingspecialevents - atmajortradeshows, thatthesecompaniesdecidetooffer . product range outlinedinthisdocument. the association'smembers th century, particularly centeredon particularly century, andthe -besidestheusualtoolssuch a redesignedwebsite products within

Document written with the help of: - the technological institute FCBA for the technical content - the CNDB for the design and format September 2012

France Douglas SAFRAN - 2 avenue Georges Guingouin www.france-douglas.com CS 80 912 Panazol - 87017 Limoges Cedex 1 Design by: Obea Communication.