® WHAT BREEDS MAKE UP LIEBCHEN? The Wisdom Panel® Insights™ computer algorithm performed over seven million calculations using 11 different models (from a single breed to complex combinations of breeds) to predict the most likely combination of pure and mixed breed dogs in the last 3 ancestral generations that best fit the DNA marker pattern observed in Liebchen. The ancestry chart depicting the best statistical result of this analysis is shown in the picture below. Mixed Scottish Beagle* Dalmatian Chihuahua Collie Chihuahua Dalmatian Breed† Terrier* Beagle / Chihuahua Collie / Scottish Terrier / Dalmatian Cross Mix Chihuahua Cross Dalmatian Cross Liebchen Beagle / Dalmatian Collie / Chihuahua / Scottish / Chihuahua Mix Terrier / Dalmatian Cross Beagle / Dalmatian / Chihuahua Mix crossed with Collie / Chihuahua / Scottish Terrier / Dalmatian Cross *Breed detected, however at a lower confidence. Such results are not included in accuracy calculations. ® WHAT DOES THE MIXED BREED ANCESTOR MEAN FOR MY DOG? We have identified for you the 5 next best breed matches which appeared in the analysis of your dog's DNA. One or more of these breeds could have contributed to the genetic makeup of the ancestors indicated by the mixed breed icon. The breeds are listed by the relative strength of each result in our analysis with the most likely at the top of the list. There could also be a breed or breeds present in the mixed breed component that we cannot detect with our current database of purebred dogs. Pug 4.41% Doberman 3.58% Pinscher Smooth 0.87% Fox Terrier German Spitz 0.32% Toy Fox Terrier 0.06% HOW WISDOM PANEL INSIGHTS WORKS The process started when you sent a sample to our laboratory, where the DNA was extracted from the cells and examined for the 321 markers that are used in the test. The results for these markers were sent to a computer, that evaluated them using a program designed to consider all of the pedigree trees that are possible in the last three generations. The trees considered include a simple pedigree with a single breed (a likely pure-bred dog), two different breeds at the parental level (a first-generation cross), all the way up to a complex tree with eight different great-grandparent breeds allowed. Our computer used information from over 185 breeds from our breed database to fill these potential pedigrees. For each of the millions of combinations of ancestry trees built and considered, the computer gave each a score representing how well that selected combination of breeds matched to your dog’s data. The pedigree with the overall best score is the one which is shown on the ancestry chart. Only breeds that reached our set confidence threshold for reporting are reported in the ancestry chart. ® CHIHUAHUA HEIGHT: 6 - 9 in WEIGHT (SHOW): 2 - 7.5 lb WEIGHT (PET): 2 - 9 lb EARS MUZZLE TAIL Chihuahua The Chihuahua is one of the most ancient of dog breeds, with its origins dating back to the Mayan civilization. The breed is believed to have descended from the ancient Techichi, a dog that played an important role in both the Toltec and Aztec cultures. Some believe that the Chihuahua is a result of the crossing of the Techichi and the Chinese Crested, which came to South America from Alaska. Due to the destruction of the ancient civilizations, the breed faced extinction. However, remnants of the breed survived in Mexico and the Chihuahua was introduced to the United States in 1898. The Chihuahua was recognized as an official breed in 1904 by the American Kennel Club and by 1915, thirty Chihuahuas were registered in the States with that number jumping to over 25,000 by the early seventies. The Chihuahua has a vast amount of variation partly due to the fact that any color or combination is permitted in the breed standard. The coat comes in either long or short hair, with traits including dark masks, merle, and white markings. The colors range from blacks to various silver and fawn shades. DO YOU RECOGNIZE ANY OF THESE CHIHUAHUA TRAITS IN LIEBCHEN? Small size makes it easy for them to live in Alert, active, and often playful dogs. smaller places such as apartments. Responds well to reward-based training using May be suspicious of strangers or bark at other treats or favorite toys. dogs when intimidated by their size. ® DALMATIAN HEIGHT: 23 - 24 in WEIGHT (SHOW): 40 - 65 lb WEIGHT (PET): 39 - 75 lb Dalmatian EARS MUZZLE TAIL The Dalmatian is one of the oldest breeds in existence and it is believed that the breed dates back more than four thousand years. Evidence of the Dalmatian wasn’t documented until the 1700’s, although pictures of the breed date back thousands of years prior to first documentation. The exact origin of the Dalmatian is highly disputed; however, most people believe that the breed developed in Dalmatia, a region in Croatia bordering the eastern Adriatic Sea. The name Dalmatia comes from the ancient Illyrian language meaning “land of shepherds” and it was from this area that the breed received its name. Dalmatians were used to chase rats out of the fire stations and horse stables of old London. They also guided the horse-drawn fire wagons through city streets and safeguarded the fire equipment from vandalism and theft. This tradition endured even after the old wagons were replaced with more modern fire engines and today Dalmatians enjoy status as the iconic fire house dog. The first Dalmatian was registered with the American Kennel Club in 1888. The Dalmatian is a white dog spotted with spots between the size of a dime and a half-dollar. The spots may be black or liver (which ranges from a light lemon to tan) with the nose sharing the color of the spots. The distribution of spots is generally even, though more generally on the ears. DO YOU RECOGNIZE ANY OF THESE DALMATIAN TRAITS IN LIEBCHEN? Intelligent, energetic, and alert dogs with great Respond well to reward-based training using stamina. treats or favorite toys. Enjoy dog sports such as agility, flyball, tracking, Have a reputation of being good family dogs but scent hurdling, and both rally and competitive can be aloof with strangers. obedience. ® COLLIE HEIGHT: 20 - 24 in WEIGHT (SHOW): 45 - 75 lb WEIGHT (PET): 44 - 79 lb Collie EARS MUZZLE TAIL The Collie originated in Scotland, where they were bred for hundreds of years to work as shepherds and guard dogs. Today the Collie is one of the most popular breeds in the world. Over the years, the Collie has developed an amazing level of intelligence and the breed has been used for herding, protection, water rescue and as a guide for the blind. Queen Victoria, J.P. Morgan, Jim Reeves, Cecil Hepworth, Brooke Langton, Mario Lemieux, David Duchovny, President Coolidge and President Hoover have all owned Collies at some point during history. The Collie’s reputation for bravery, loyalty and intelligence was further enforced after the release of the film, “Lassie Come Home” in 1943 and popularity soared through the ‘40’s and ‘50’s when the TV Lassie series idealized the Collie as a family dog. The health of the breed suffered somewhat as indiscriminate breeding took place to capitalize upon the breed’s popularity, but today Collies remain consistently popular with pet owners. The breed received American Kennel Club recognition in 1885. The four main AKC coat descriptions are "Sable and White" (Sable is a variety of tan shades), "Tri-Color" (Mainly black with white and tan markings), "Blue Merle" (A mottled coat of various shades) and "White" (One of the other types with more white in the coat). The coat may be either short (Smooth) or long (Rough). Blazes of white across the muzzle and chest are common in this breed. DO YOU RECOGNIZE ANY OF THESE COLLIE TRAITS IN LIEBCHEN? Collies are eager to learn especially with Intelligent, obedient, active, and watchful dogs. reward-based training, Collies seem to enjoy dog sports such as agility, Although they are often good with children and flyball, Frisbee, tracking, rally and competitive are usually friendly, some Collies can be wary or obedience. reserved with strangers. ® BEAGLE HEIGHT: 13 - 16 in WEIGHT (SHOW): 20 - 30 lb WEIGHT (PET): 17 - 37 lb Beagle EARS MUZZLE TAIL The Beagle is a long-established breed, descending from the Foxhound, the Harrier and the Kerry Beagle. They were most commonly used for hunting hare, quail and pheasant, although nowadays they also make excellent family dogs and have even been used in police work. The origin of the Beagle’s name is debated. Some people believe the name derives from the Celtic word “beag,” which means “small” or from the French word “begle,” which means “useless” or “of little value.” The Beagle was introduced to the United States in the 1860’s and the breed was officially recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1885. Beagles have been bred mostly for form and hunting ability and any hound color is permitted on their short coats. This means that Beagles come in a variety of blacks, tans, browns, reds, blue (a silver color), and may be ticked (mottled with white) or have white markings or be white with colored spots. DO YOU RECOGNIZE ANY OF THESE BEAGLE TRAITS IN LIEBCHEN? Beagles seem to enjoy dog sports such as Happy or gentle nature, and usually friendly dogs; tracking, hunting, agility, rally and competitive although some have high energy levels. obedience. Respond well to reward-based training involving Chasing wildlife or barking may impair bonding. treats or favorite toys. ® SCOTTISH TERRIER HEIGHT: 10 - 11 in WEIGHT (SHOW): 18 - 23 lb WEIGHT (PET): 16 - 30 lb Terrier Scottish EARS MUZZLE TAIL Scottish Terriers are likely to have existed since the 1500’s in the Blackmount region of Perthshire and from Rannoch in Scotland, though their exact history is somewhat unclear.