The fields are filled with the desire of bees and reeds and roots that move to waters and the sounds of rain -bell bronze, fields sing bright stalks of grain like tongues at Pentecost. The sumac is the first to turn when air burns amber as a tortoise shell and then, to the October ides, this fruit that's kinder for the frost -pale fruit and mellow frost and dry, gold day our mouths are filled with sun and sleepiness. -Katharine Privett

What's a nice girl like me doing at the Grand National Quail Hunt? It sounded like fun! I was not aware that Wild Turkey Hunters leave their roosts at 3:30 a.m. so as to arrive at their destination points before the Grand National Endurance Test. Wild Turkeys leave their roosts. (Change "some" to "yours truly.") BY Everything at the Grand National It starts with Registration on Wednes- starts early. day then a Reception at Groendykes PE( Enid is headquarters for the Big Lodge. Thursday morning breakfast is Bird Bash. It is a contest of celebrities served at 7:00 a.m.- not 7:05! Nine versus celebrities. The superbowl of to five everyone is in the field. Back Red Carpet Country hospitality, and in time to dress for another Reception, outdoor fun and games. Oklahoma has Dinner, and New Shooters' Initiation. long been recognized as one of the Friday morning breakfast is served top quail hunting states and few thrills at 5:30 a.m. New Shooters traditional- equal the explosive rise of a covey of ly hunt Canada Geese at the Great Bobwhite quail. To bag one of these Salt Plains and the Past Shooters super fast flying birds requires quick hunt Wild Turkey. That afternoon reflexes and a sharp eye. the Enid Gun Club is open for Shoot- Quail usually travel less than 300 ers to try their luck at Skeet and yards a day. They feed early, and Trap. Friday evening is the Grand again late in the afternoon, roosting National Stag Dinner and Induction. on the ground close to their feeding Saturday breakfast is at 7:00 a.m. areas. Quail eat acorns, wild mulber- Hunting in the Championship Flights ries, blackberries, leaves of some nine to five p.m., scores tabulated, plants growing close to the ground, and the Victory Banquet and Awards weed seeds, small grain and various program scheduled for 7:30 p.m. bugs. They get much of their liquids Sunday the Shooters depart Enid. from dew. Club members spend more than $20,- During the middle of the day the 000 each year and donate many thou- quail stop feeding, coinciding nicely sands of hours to the preparation and with the hunters' lunch break. The hosting of the Grand National Quail hunters who compete in the Grand Hunt. They enjoy the sportsmanship National are invited by the Governor, and showing off some of the best quail who also captains the Oklahoma hunting in the world. They also enjoy Team. Approximately 20 new shooters persuading the guests to invest in are invited each year. All hunting is Oklahoma oil, industry, cattle, real done on private land owned by mem- estate, and banks. bers of the Grand National Club. Club membership is around 200, Contestants hunt in groups of 2-4, es- who pay sizeable dues and do the corted by members of the Grand Na- work. I help promote, register, and tional Quail Club, which also provides write hunting licenses. I don't have all dogs. to pay dues. That's not too shabby Some have even referred to the for a girl who enjoys the Red Carpet Grand National Quail Hunt as the Bird Bash hospitality once a year!

Countryside near Optima: beneath which lie buried the remains of extensive, pre-historic human culture.

Pottery sherds, flint, stone, and bone: tools found among ancient dwelling ruins beneath Optima earth.

I

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We first examined the buried living like a modest beauty, as one leaves the to the sixteenth century. On the complex under and around Optima in highway. Mesas and lovely hidden Stamper ranch twelve single unit pit- 1948. Students from my University of valleys are covered with stiff spined houses, kiva style, half underground Tulsa classes, with the inspirational yucca and buffalo grass, varied with and half aboveground, have been un- guidance of "Uncle Billy Baker," the ever-fresh greenness of sage. Along covered. Their foundations are of photographed pithouse remnants on the Beaver River vales of rare solitary caliche slab. Immaculately finished the Stamper ranch. beauty lie like jewels against the dis- floors contain fire pits. In the adobe Former Cimarron County agricul- tant escarpments. The prairie curlew and stick roofs were smoke openings. tural agent "Uncle Billy" was ab and the sandpiper flourish here, and The walls were either of clay and lute dean of Panhandle archaeology. the splendor of Western Oklahoma sapling construction or caliche adobe His residence in Boise City was a liv- envelopes one like a gentle mantle. structure. There were igloo-like entry- ing museum which overflowed on Into this area in 1886, in a cov- ways, serving as weather and snow lawn and driveway. He was a Rem- ered wagon from Missouri, came guards, and as an impediment to the ington figure, over six feet tall, wear- Charles Stamper. He established a six entry of predatory animals. ing his Stetson like a Westerner. Great hundred acre ranch on the Beaver These houses were random shelter white mustaches jutted out over a adjacent to present day Optima. as there was no townsite or ceremonial massive chin. Optima, latitude 36"45', longitude center. From the evidence we can He was gentle and kind, impatient 101°21', altitude 3020 feet, popula- gather it appears that these people with fraud, erudite, and thoroughly in- tion 103, covers an archaeological were loosely banded together, a semi- formed in his field. His remarkable complex which coils beneath it like a hunting and agricultural society. They collection is now in the No Man's huge serpent. It has been exposed at made exquisite coil baskets. They had Land Museum at Panhandle A. & M., two sites. the spindle whorls of an early cotton- in Goodwell, administered by a fine One is the Stamper site, excavated weaving culture. curator team, Dr. and Mrs. Harold in 1933-34 by Oklahoma University. Their unpainted globular pottery Kachel. On the north end of the figurative is cord paddle marked, and seems to The area which, prior to territorial serpent is the lkro Sisters site, un- be brush and dung fired with the days, was called the Public Land covered in 1972. These sites, with consequent black to tan colors. On a Strip, west of the Cherokee outlet, is others such as the Turpin site in the fragment embellished with loops? for a land which looks monotonous from Antelope focus and the Gate site, are hanging, there is some edge decora- the highway, but reveals itself, shyly dated tentatively from the thirteenth tion made with fingernail pressure.

I AUTUMN 1976 SEVEN I was utilized as building material be- the Stamper site people added crushed cause it was abundant nearby, and quartz mica and scoria to the clay. OPTIMA easy to shape. Stone, bone, and antler Stamper site pots from the Kachel tools were found at the site, as well collection, now being studied by Vin- as fine chipped flint knives. Drills, cent Dale, are large utility vessels, The earlike loops indicate that these scrapers, and single-ended needles, as some with ears for suspension. One were meant to be suspended jars, well as flaking tools, were excavated. concludes that the Optima people serving either for water cooling, or for The type of flint found indicated the were good ceramists, architects, and rodent proof grain storage. The ware famous Amarillo quarries. Obsidian toolmakers, as well as hunters, agri- indicates superb skill in ceramics. It was obtained from the Capulin vol- culturists, and textile producers. Their is tempered with one part quartz pow- cano. environment was harsh. Of luxuries der to three parts of clay. Aesthetical- The type of pottery from the Opti- there were none. ly, the lack of effigy shapes and ma site is referred to as globular. It Credits: For Stamper material and in- paucity of decoration would seem to varies from a squat, roundish shape formation I am indebted to Mr. and Mrs. indicate a people who had little leisure with flaring lip, to a taller, propor- Zellner Glenn of Guymon, and to Dr. and Mrs. Harold Kachel of Goodwell; for Two time and lived a hard-bitten existence. tioned shape with a straight cyclindri- Sisters material to Vincent Dale, and the Bone awls, hammerstones, mortars cal neck. Vincent Dale, an extraordi- Kachel, White and Zunk collections. All and metates were found. Painted pot- archaeological sites are protected by law, narily resourceful archaeologist, sup- under the direction of the Oklahoma tery fragments from further southwest, plied me with slides of the Tbo Sis- Archaeological Survey. The Stamper srte as well as turquoise, indicate trade ters site. Through personal research, excavation is reported at length in the Virginia D. Watson report, Bulletin of the with the Pueblo peoples. A copious he learned the secret of the tempering Texas Archaeological and Paleontological supply of projectile points show bow of the Optima focus pottery. Society, Lubbock, Texas, Vol. 21, 1950. and arrow use. See also Robert Bell, Oklahoma In order to keep clay vessels from Archaeology, Stovall Museum publication, The ethnological name for these shrinking and cracking during firing, 1969. people is Anasazi, Navajo for "Out- sider from Old." Anusazi tradition can be divided into two epochs: the early basket makers and Pueblo dwellers made their first appearance at per- haps 50 B.C. At about 700 A.D. dra- matic culture advances took place. Bows and arrows appeared and cot- ton raising and spinning began. 700 A. D. also produced the transi- tion to Pueblo building techniques. After the earlier pithouse, Pueblo Anasazi built on the surface with stone and caliche blocks. Under- ground structures were for ceremon- ial purposes. Remains of an adobe walled, three room, semi-subterranean house excavated 1 From 900-1000 A.D. the Pueblo in the Optima focus. people construded their great multiple dwellings. From 1100 to 1300 A.D. the largest Pueblos arose. Prior to 1300 A.D. the Anasazi began to leave their homes, perhaps due to the great drought of 1276 to 1299 A.D., docu- mented by dendrochronology, or per- haps due to the influx of Shoshonian hunters. The Optima and the Two Sis- ters people could have been migrating Anasazis. The Two Sisters site, ap- proximate date 1500 A.D., at the end of the Optima focus, yielded definite data on floor plans and floor con- struction with storage bins. Under- ground construction is of caliche slab. Caliche is a calcium carbonate in- trusion made by water interaction on Artist's visualization, from archaeological evidence, of a grouping of the calcium, sodium or potassium salts, pre-historic dwellings, the remains of which still lie buried near Optima. forming white crystalline blocks. It Illustrations courtesy No Man's Land Museum, Goodwell.

EIGHT OKLAHOMA TODAY Nov 8 Pianists Ferrante and Teicher Conce rt.... Okla Citv Nov 16 Statehood Day Celebration- .Guthrie Nov 89 Chrysanthemum Show-4kla Citv Nov 18 Orchestra Concert (SWOSW ....Weatherford GaIentka~ Nov 89 ArfFair_..Medford Nov 19 Pecan Show..-Miami NOV8.11 Kiowa Tia Piah Society.... Carnegie Nw 1922 US Figure Skating Championships Tulsa of Nov 9 host-Bite Regatta.... Grove Nov 2022 Texoma Juco Tournament (basketball).-.Tishomingo Nov 9 Gene Kelly ~incert.... 0kla City Nov 21 Choral Festival (CS U).... Edmond Nov 911 Old Armistice Celebration ...Lawton Nov 21 Bicentennial Flag Ceremony.-Beaver Events NOV10-15 World Champ Appalwsa Horse Show ...Okla City Nov 21 Peanut and Pecan Shcw.. ..Madill Nov 11 Orchestra Concert (TU).._Tulsa Nov 22 Cameron vs ECOSU (fwtball)_.Lawton Nov 12 "Midnight Ride of Paul Reveren_.Sapulpa Nov 22 Blazers vs Oilers (ice hockey)-..Okla City UFO?! (Planetarim) ....Okla City Nov 13 Blazers vs Oallas (ice hockey)-Okla City Nov 22 Christmas Parade.-Bristow Eight State Art Exhibit ....Okla City Nov 14 Oilers vs Blazers (ice hockey).... Tulsa Nov 22 CSU vs SWSU (football)-Edmnd

-,- -- - Tulsa State Fair..-Tulsa NOV14-15 Arts and Crafts Fair.... Newkirk Nov 22 OU vs Nebraska (football).... Norman October Quilting Exhibition & Workshop (NEOSU).._Tahlequah Nov 14-15 Arts and Crafts Show-Ardmwe Nov 22 Goose Grab-Adair Oct 1-12 "Star Spangled Girl" (Theater Center)_..OklaCity Nov 14-15 Arts and Crafts Festival... Stigler Nw23 Oilers vs Fort Worth (ice hockey).... Tulsa Oct 2 All Day Crafts Learn Shop-Miami NOV14-15,M22 "Slow Oance on the Killing Grwmds" Playhouse)..-Ponca City Nov 24 Soprano Beverly Wolff and Philharmonic... Tulsa Oct 24 Jaycee Bull Ridmg_..Ardinore Nov 1430 "Jacques Brel is Alive and Well . . ." (Tulsa Theatre) ... Tulsa NOV25 SWSU vs Panhandle (basketball) ..Weatherford Oct 24 Choctaw County Fair-.Hugo Nov 15 OSU vs Kansas State (footballhomecomingL..Stillwater Nov 25 Community Thanksgiving Services~_.Eufaula Oct 3-4 Senior Citizens Fishing Tournament.... Durant Nov 15 Blazers vs Salt Lake City (ice hockey)-OklaCity Nov 26 Blazers vs Fort Worth (ice hockey)._.Okla City Oct 35 National Gun Show..-Bristcw Nov 15 NEOSU vs CSU (fwtball) ...Tahlequah Nov 27 Oilers vs Blazers (ice hockey)..-Tulsa Oct 35 Arts and Crafts Show--Drumright Nov 15 SWOSU vs Cameron (football) ...Weatherford NOV27-29 State 4-H Club Congress-Okla City Oct 4 OU vs Colorado (football)-Norman Nov 15 TU vs Indiana St. (fwtball)._Tulsa Nov 28 Big Four Double Header (basketball)-.Okla City OSU vs Texas Tech (football)_..Stillwater Nov 15 Wichita Symphony with the Phillips Symphony.-.Enid Nov 28 Christmas Parade-Shawnee Oct 4 CSU vs Lanpston (fwtbal0.-Ednwnd Nw 15 Sweet Adelines-Lawton Nov 28 Christmas Parade.-ElkCity Oct 4 Czech Festival-Yukon Nov 16 Jazz Ensemble (SWOSU) Weatherford Nov 2&29 Alumni Reunion.-Eldorado Oct 4 Cameron vs NWOSU (football) ...Lawton Nov 16 Oilers vs Salt Lake City (ice hockey)-_Tulsa Nov 29 OU vs OCU (basketball)-Nomn Oct 4 Art and Bicentennial Festival_..Cordell Oct 25 TU vs Memphis (football)-.Tulsa Nov 29 Oilers vs Salt Lake City (ice hockey)-..Tulsa Street Carnival.-~alihima Oct 25 Cameran vs Panhandle (football).-Lawtan Nov 29 Christmas Parade--Wagoner Fall Color Trail Ride-Tahlequah Oct 2526 Cactus-Succulent Show-Okla City Nov 2Wc7 Tan & Huck (Youth Theatre)-Tulsa Arts and Crafts Festival-Lawton Oct 2527 Kiowa Veterans Day Celebration_..Anadarko Nov 30 Blazers vs Salt Lake City (ice hockey)..-Okla City Sailboat Regatta-Grove Oct 26 Bicentennial Book Gift Dedication (ECOSU)-.Ada Nov 30Dec 7 Miss Rodeo America PageantMdg City Pushmataha County Free Fair-Antlers Oct 26 Blazers vs Tucson (ice hockey)-Okla City Dec 1 OU vs TCU (basketball)-_Nom Puppet Show-Sapulpa Oct 26 Oilers vs Salt Lake City (ice hockey)-.Tulsa Dec 3 OU vs TU (basketball)-Norman NWOSU Homecoming-Alva Oct 26Nov 1 Youth Citizenship Week ECOSUMda Dec 3 Claus Parade and Band Clinic-.Woadward Oklahoma Historical Day-Salina ~ct27 Violinist Paul Doktor and Philhammnic__Tulsa D~C3-14 You're a Good Man, (Xlarlii Brwm" (heatre Center)--0klaCity Oilers vs Blazers (ice hockey)..-Tulsa Oct 28 Martha Ray "Everybady Loves Opa1"._.0kla City D~C4-6 Arts and Crafts Show__Madill Homecming_.Medford Oct 29 Blazers vs Salt Lake City-Okla City Dec 5 Blazers vs Oilers (ice hockey)--Tulsa "Forty Carats" (Playhouse)-.Ponca City Oct 2Wov 9 "Inherit the Wind" (Theater Center) OklaCii Dec 57 Opera "Merry Mount" (0CU)-Okla City "Sherlock Holmes ...Amorous Regent" (Tulsa Theatre).... Tulsa Oct30 Halloween Carnival-..Shawnee Dec 57 Indian Arts and Crafts Fair.-Anadarko Blazers vs Oallas (ice hockey)_..Okla City Oct 30Nov 1 Faces of Democracy Symposium (ECOSU).AIva Dec 57,913 "Scarecrow" (OU).._Norman Country Music Stage Show .... Cleveland Oct 31 Harvest Festival-.Carter Dec 6 Blazers vs Tucson (ice hockey)-Okla City Oct 11 SWSU vs MOSU (football-homecmina ....Weatherford Oct 31 Jaycee Haunted Hwse__Eufaula Dec 6 Christmas Parades at Broken Arrow, Chouteau, Eufaula, Oct 11 TU vs Cincimti (fmtball)_.Tulsa Oct 31 Lions Club Carnival__Eufaula Miami, Pawnee, Pryor, and Stigler Oct 11 NWOSU vs CSU (fwtball)__Alva Oct 31 Lzers vs Tucm (ice hockey)-.OklaCity Dec 6 Philharmonic Orchestra-.Lawton Oct 12 World Bass Assn Tournament-..Lake Eufaula Oct 31 Halloween CarnivalStigler Dec 6 Pet Parade-Perry Oct 12 Oilers vs Tucm (ice hockey)__Tulsa Oct 3140~2 Arts and Crafts Show-.Heavener Dec 614 National Finals Rodeo.-Okb City Oct 13 Harry James Show-_Ponca City Oct 31Hov 2 Green WryArts and Crafts FestivalL..Tahlequah Dec 628 Christmas Show (Planetaim)-Okla City Oct 13 Pianist Ruth Laredo and Philhamic-.Tulsa Oct 31, Nov2,U "A lile Night" (0U)--Norman Dec7 "Messiah" (Bethany barenelBethany Oct 14 Orchestra Caneert (CSU)-Ehnond Nov 1 OSU vs OU (football)-Stillwater Dec 7 Old Fashioned Chrsbnas-.ElkCii Oct 14 Victor Borge and nd Philrp Symphon-_Enid Nov 1 SWOSU vs Langsian (football)-Weatherford Dec 7 Band Concert (SWOSU)-Weatherford Oct 1519 Grand Nat'l Morgan Horse Show-MclaCity Nov 1 TU vs Louisville (football)-Tulsa Dec7 Christmas PageantLWaaynoka Oct 17 Blazers vs Oilers (ice hockey)-.0kla City Nov 1 ECOSU HomecmingA Dec 7-Jan 11 James Alden Water Color Show_-Okla City Oct 18 OSU vs Nebraska 0-Stillwater Nov 1 OBU Hanewming_Shamee Dec 8 SWSU vs Cameron (basketball)--Weatherford Oct 18 Oilers vs Dallas t hockey).-Tulsa Nov 1 Panhandle vs CSU (fwtball)-.Godwell Dec 8 PreChrisbnas Musicale-Miami Oct 18 CSU vs Cameron (Wll-hwne~ominB)~~Edmond NOV1-2 lndian Territory Gun Show .. ..Tulsa Dec 10 Todd Rundgren Concert-Okla City Oct 18 lndian Summer Festival-Stilwll NOV1-2 Okla Square Oance Clubs-.Okla City Dec 11'13 "Hansel and Gretel" (TU-.Tulsa Oct 18 SWOSU vs Eastern New Mex (football)..-Weatherford NOV1-2 Arts and Crafts Show.-Bartlesville Dec 11-13 "When You Cmin' Back, Red Ryder" (Tulsa Theatre).... Tulsa Philharmonic Concert....Lawton Nov 14 Will Rogers Bicentennial Celebration.._Claremore kc12 Jazz Festivaffiid NEOSU Homecoming.... Tahlequah Nov 1-Jan 2 Are We Alone Planetarium).... Okla City Dec 12 Oilers vs Tucson (ice hockey).... Tulsa Oct 1819 Gem and Mineral Show-.Okla City Nov 2 All Breed Dog Show ....Tulsa D~C12-13 SWSU vs Bishop (basketball).... Weatherford Oct 1819 lndian Capital Coin Club Show.._Muskogee Nov 2 Seminole Nation Museum Opening.... Wewoka Oec 13 Blazers vs Fort Worth (ice hockey).._OklaCity Oct 1819 lndian Capital China Decorators Show ....Muskogee Nov 3 Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra.... Okla City Dec 13 Oilers vs Oallas (ice hockey).... Tulsa Oct l&Nov 16 lndian Summer Festival-.Muskogee Nov 4 Oilers vs Fort Worth (ice hockey).... Tulsa Dec 13-14 Pecan Shmc._.Ardmore Rose Show .... Okla City Nov 6 lau Ensemble Concert (TU) ....Tulsa Dec 14 Christmas Candlelighting.... Wilburton Oct 19 Blazers vs Ft Worth (ice hockey).... Okla City Nov 7 "Midnight Ride of Paul Revere" .... Elk City Dec 16 Oilers vs Fort Worth (ice hockey).... Tulsa Oct 1923 Fibers and Painting by Grace Garriga.._Okla City Nov 7 Oilers vs Dallas (ice hockey)-.Tulsa Dec 16 SWSU vs Okla Science & Arts (basketball).... Weatherford Oct 2024 lndian Nations Trail Ride_..Honubia NOV7-9 Arts and Crafts Festival.... Marietta Dec 19 Blazers vs Oallas (ice hockey).... 0klaCii Oct 22 N.W. Oist. Marching Bands Contest.... Alva NOV7.15 Miss Teenage America Pageant.... Tulsa Dec 20 Christmas Parade-Mangum Oct 23-26 lndian Trade Fair.-Okla City Nov 8 Veterans Day Parade..-Spavinaw Dec 20 Oilers vs Blazers (ice hockey)-..Tulsa Oct 24-30 Historic Landmarks Tour ....Carter Nov 8 Thanksgiving Choral Festival (OSU) .... Stillwater Dec 20 OU vs Arkansas (basketball)-.Norman Oct 25 Oilers vs Tucson (ice hockey) ....Tulsa Nov 8 OU vs lowa State (fwtball).._Norman Dec 25 Blazers vs Oilers (ice hockey)-..OklaCity Oct 25 Fall Festival Rodeo.... Stilwell Nov 8 CSU vs SEOSU (football).... Edmond Dec 26 Oilers vs Oallas (ice hockey).... Tulsa Oct 25 Square Oance Jamboree.... Muskogee Nov 8 Hill Billy Stage Show ....Cleveland Dec 27-30 AII.College Basketball Tournament.-OklaCity Oct 25 OU vs lowa State (football).... Norman Nw8 TU vs Drake (football).... Tulsa Dec 30 TU vs Univ of Mo., St. Louis (basketball).. ..Tulsa Mature behavior is expected of a over the creation of a slogan for be fifty-five already. middleaged person. It is unfair but it pimple medicine. They command One morning you pop out of bed is true. prime time on television, not to men- feeling great as usual, but you look Between the ages of 40 and 60 we tion the prime lime of their parents' in the mirror and it's not you. It's are generally responsible, taken for lives. To be a teenager is to be Count Dracula popped out of his granted, and sometimes deadly dull. "cool." To be old and reasonably casket. You can't believe it. Middle- We aren't rocking the cradle and we healthy and solvent is to be lucky, aged is something you heard about aren't rocking the boat. Small wonder and to be middleaged is to be happening to other people. You never we don't get much attention. Oldsters squished like the filling in a sandwich thought it would happen to you. It and youngsters get it all. cookie. makes you desperate and clutching. It will be quite a while before we What can you do about being mid- You are ashamed for anyone to know. reach the golden years when all the dleaged? Nothing. Except rhapsodize fun begins. Then you get cut rates when possible. Somewhere between at the drug store and can read all the Fall of the Roman Empire and about yourself in the gerontology see the Fall of Constantinople you are tion at the library. there, with your falling face and your You can sit around and drop pearls falling hair and teeth. of wisdom from withering lips. Such Who is there to pick you up? Not as, "I told you so, sonny." the science of gerontology. They are You can be a foxy old grampa and pursuing the study of your 85-year-old pinch girls. mother who has been through all that You can be an eccentric old lady and is out bowling. Not your teen- and say terrible things and receive agers. They are at the gas station warm, congratulatory smiles from with your credit card. your teenage grandchildren. You are all alone, with the bills You can get away with murder, and burdens, and you walk around like teenagers. thinking, I can't believe I'm forty- Teenagers are professional atten- or forty-fiv-r fifty. It is not the tion-getters. They cause high buildings generation gap that bothers you but full of advertising executives to sway the credulity gap. It's incredible to

TEN OKLAHOMA TODAY 1 You see that gleam in your eyes, feel the great heart bursting to be up and about another busy day. But that rotten 50-year-old mirror tells the terrible truth. You have come a long way, baby--a half century. It is the seventh inning stretch and depressing enough to make you want to lie back down, fold your arms and wait for rigor mortis to set in. But you have to go to work. Is it possible to enliven your plight? Is it possible to brighten the routine of supporting everybody, both physically and emotionally? When your 85-year- old mother comes home complaining of her bowler's bursitus, tell her that you didn't ask to be born. When your teenager lopes in, grab your credit card and clutch it to your breast. Rebel. Defend yourself. But never never tell anyone what is really both- ering you. Because you will get laughed at. Middleaged desperation is funny to other people. Better to throw a half-way professional tantrum and Ia half-way sympathetic family might notice that you are swinging from the chandelier. It won't be mature be- havior, but it will keep your face out of the mirror, and your mind off your middle years. ILLUSTRATED BY DANDE EVANS Middleaged people are obedient. sass. Nothing was stainless steel. but because my brother's generation Raised to please their parents, they There was no such thing as fast food had no culture at all. My brother's became parents at a time when the service. When Mamie the heavy lady bunch wore black leather jackets, psychology books advised them to got around to your order you'd get i& greasy pompadours, and aristocratic raise their own children without guilt and don't carve your initials in the sneers. If those proprietors ever made and with the ability to "do their own wooden booths while you waited. it into retirement at all, they got there thing." The most you could do was scuff in straight jackets and wheel chairs. Today's middleaged parents suc- your saddle shoes on the linoleum Still later, like now, the place has ceeded beyond their wildest dreams. floor and wish you could afford angora a cunning roof suggesting a ski lodge They are accustomed to pleasing both socks to match your sloppy joe sweat- and inside pizza is served and served their parents and their children. But er. Sometimes there would be rebel- up in a hurry, boy. The old greasy , who pleases them? I realized this the lious whispers: "If we quit coming in walls are covered with clean formica. : last time I went home to visit. All here, they'd go broke in a hurry." But Glistening ovens have replaced the old along main street I found old build- the proprietors never seemed to care back room and formidable Mamie. ings with new bricks and boards clap- whether we came or not. They always The only thing that seems similar is ! ped on the exterior. acted grouchy and abused. So, natur- the middleaged proprietors. But they Some with new opaque glass fronts, ally, we never went anywhere else. are modern middleaged, carrying on one with its roof of shingles halfway Looking back, those proprietors the pretense of being happy as they down the side. I'd take a quick look were middleaged, like me, and prob- hustle around, minding both their thinking that's entirely new. Then I'd ably saving up the cherry-phosphate elders and their juniors. I marvel in take a closer look. No, it's the old drug money so they could get to retirement the knowledge we've raised our chil- I store where I drank Black Cows as a as soon as possible. dren in a revolutionary way, and now , teenager, nestled in a booth next to When those proprietors left the I understand those proprietors. They my old boyfriend with the new job- place was turned into a full service aren't fooling me, playing like they're soldier, World War 11. Where I lis- restaurant, instead of an all-purpose happy while they make their harassed 1 tened to the Andrews Sisters before hangout. The next decade of teen- way through middleage. They'd like nostalgia was invented. It's the old agers, my youngest brother's group, to sail those pizza pans out the door ' drug store hangout where the ham- moved out onto the highway to a new right now and head for happy retire- burgers were cooked in the mysterious place that aged incredibly fast due not ment freedom, getting in on life's lat- back room by a heavy lady you didn't to a sub-culture or a counter-culture, est geriatric pleasures.

I AUTUMN 1975 ELEVEN These are the days when dying maple leaves Turn Van Gogh yellow in a day light blaze, And richest color spreads beyond control As autumn lurks among the garnered sheaves With yet a plentitude of warming rays. I feel September sadness in my soul For nature seems to have no other goal Than showing death has beauty in her ways When slow decay transforms the green to gold; And in the growing quietude, I gaze Upon the peacefulness that death achieves - The pause upon the earth has been foretold When summer fades and prophecy takes hold And timely death with rebirth interweaves. -Jaye Giammarino

We have long been intrigued with Fort Sill's Medicine Bluffs. Before the Army came, Kiowa boys were using these Bluffs for their pray- er vigils, for days of fasting, as they sought their medicine, and their name. A narrow trail skirting just beyond the edge of our color picture is known to this day as the "Chiefs Walk." In 1869, General Grierson came with his party of Buffalo Soldiers, seeking the site for a fort, which-- - -- be-.- - came &day's great artillery center,

Fort- -- . Sill.- - - - Here are three historic photographs of that search.

The towering Medicine Bluffs as they then looked. Note the 1 Buffalo Soldiers along the cliff in the foreground of the picture.

General Grierson viewing the Bluffs from their opposite bank, 2 a soldier seated behind him, a mounted detail along the background crest.

A group of the 10th Cavalry Buffalo Soldiers fording 3 Medicine Creek at the foot of the bluffs, in the early 1870s.

The Medicine Bluffs look much the same today as they did over a century ago when these old photos were made, by famed photographer Will Soule. It is possible today to find the exact same spots from which photographer Soule made these old photos, and standing virtually in his boot prints, duplicate them.

LAST OF THE 5000 After the terrible cattle killing win- ter blizzards of 1886-87 a Montana rancher was confronted with the chore of writing a report for a syndicate of cattle owners on the condition of the 5000 cattle they had left in his care during the winter. In lieu of a written report, the rancher's friend, Charley Russell, drew his famous sketch of a starved, winter emaciated steer. The sketch, which was then sent to the syndicate owners, has become known as "Last of the 5000." It described the starving condition of the cattle on the range far better than any report writ- ten with words ever could have. We understand there are some folks back east who think the oil shortage is a contrived crisis, a product of the machinations of the oil companies. Anyone who has grown up in Okla- homa knows there is nothing contrived in our running out of oil. We remem- ber the great fields of flush produc- tion - Glenpool, Seminole, Three Sands, Cushing-Drumright . . . We re- member when this Oklahoma earth was forested with derricks, each a pro- ducer, and the oil gushing up out of the earth seemed endless. Oklahoma still produces more oil and gas than all but a few states. But the great days of flush production are ended. Now isolated rigs drill expen- sively deeper, ever searching. The forests of derricks are gone. In their place, to remind us that this earth really will one day run out of oil, stands an occasional picturesque, lone- ly relic, among the remains of its cable tools or rotary table. We do not see them in sadness for they are reminders of our youth. They are reminders, too, of hope, for the grandsons of the geniuses who devised all the intricate mechanical devices needed to find and extract oil from the earth are not less competent than their grandfathers, and will de- vise the necessary techniques to ex- tract energy from atoms, from the wind, the waves, and from the sun. It may take them awhile so, meanwhile, let's conserve. This pictured old drilling rig is in the Earlsboro field, north and west of Seminole. While it is not the "last of 5000," or even the last rig in the Earls boro field, the connotation seems apt.

OKLAHOMA TODAY

It was from here that Major Van Dorn led the Cavalry against the Comanches camped near Wichita Village on Rush Creek. The Wichitas had invited the Comanches to camp near them, and the Comanches had accepted the invitation in peace, but Van Dorn was not aware of this. Many Comanches were killed when Van Dorn attacked, and the foraging troops destroyed the Wichitas' growing crops. The Comanches believed they had been tricked and trapped by the Wichitas. With their fields devastated and the Comanches angry, the Wichi- tas fled into Fort Arbuckle for pro- tection. During the battle Major Van Dorn was wounded with an arrow through the abdomen and another through his left wrist. He was carried by mule- litter back to Fort Radziminski and from there returned to his home in Mississippi for recuperation. Many important persons served at Radzirninski. Fitzhugh Lee, nephew of Robert E. Lee, was wounded in an Indian battle fought there. Lee re- ceived an arrow wound in his right breast which almost took his life. Very close to this old fort, in the year 1903, a rancher by the name of E. E. Fancher, while exploring a FORT RADZIMINSKI small cave, found the skeleton of a A short distance from Mountain man. With the bones was an old rifle, Park stands Mount Radziminski, one a powder horn, a bullet mold and a of the peaks of the Wichita chain. Congressional Medal. The medal was On Otter Creek, upstream from its believed to have been earlier pre- junction with the North Fork of the sented to Sequoyah, or George Gist. Red River, the earth works of the old One shin bone of the skeleton, the Camp Radziminski remain, and the same shin bone once broken by Se- trench which defended the fort from quoyah, was broken. A spring named the open plain it faces is still open. Sequoyah Spring is north of the Radziminski consisted of a palisade mountain. Some historians believe of logs on the knoll above Otter Creek. that Sequoyah died and was buried Early local settlers called it Fort in old Mexico. Oklahoma Congress- Otter, but Major Earl Van Dorn man James V. McClintic once re- named it Radziminski for a close searched the matter as thoroughly as friend, a Polish lieutenant who had was possible, to reach no firm con- recently died. The most prominent clusion. Many believe that, while Se- scar on the hillside is the trench, quoyah left his home near Sallisaw down which mules were once led to with Mexico as his destination, he water, concealed from attacking In- found work to do among the Indians dians. of Southwestern Oklahoma and the Early in 1858, in order to cope Fancher Ranch cave, near old Fort with raiding Kiowas and Comanches, Radziminski, became his final resting Major Van Dorn crossed Red River place. I with a command of the Second Cav- alry. He soon reported that he was engaged in erecting a fort and by stockade. Mary Neely Capps

OKLAHOMA TODAY

squares, lines, curves wind owls FREEDOM lonelinees Iwas born green, my beloved Yelly Kelly!!! My go~fyfren, black Jeaninel

I'm starting the world with color A red bail of fire

Iam an Auditorium filled with people,

It made me mad Because he filled the air in me Denise Todome is .. . ;" with stinking smelling air, a fox It made people run out. a lollipop piece of cloth Wow Iam alone. a flute Maybe someday they will come back. the wind a bulldozer -Johnny Reyes, Arapaho a mouse Pinocchio in my room LONELINESS at the swimming pool Iwas spring without flowers. under a tree Grayish t=Iouds towering outside Tasted like a piece of chalk Sounded like a cold wind. because Iwant to because she wouldn't -Sharon Big Horse, Cheyenne I! I! Theme and Variatfons 1 1 IA young Comanche artist, Wilson P-, age 18,student at Riverside Indian School, Anadarko, executed these five paintings. We asked why he painted five, so nearly alike, yet so different. In sum, he said he was seeking to evolve something: something satisfactory to hi own esthetics. So he experimented with geoMcs, lines and curws, using the same basic theme, varying the objects, altering the colors. Was he satisfied with the result? No, not really, he said. Like any honest artist, he is not fulfilled, not wholly satisfied, with any one of the paintings, or with the total of his efforts. But hi work won for him the first prize in the all-tribal competition at Concho Indian School this year. Artist Loweta M. Chesser, of Altus, is curator of the Western Plains I Museum there. Her dioramas make a visit to that museum a vivid, real life experience. Many of her individual paintings are portrayals of daily life activities. Here are two, applicable to Okla- homa life of settler days and even up until the early 1930s: on the facing page, the farmer with his team taking refreshment at the windmill tank, his Gail Farrell, of Durant, is regularly returns every once-in-awhile and her plow left behind; on the following seen on the Lawrence Welk show, and Durant benefit concerts are building a page, a rural brush arbor, and revival regularly watched by as many Okla- children's park there. preaching. homans as any Oklahoma launched We understand that when you visit show biz celebrity you can name. Durant henceforward you'll be driving When we recently passed opulent Har- into town on Gail Farrell Avenue. A STRANGE FOOTBALL GAME rah's at Lake Tahoe where the Welk When you watch television or buy Otis Delaporte, longtime coach at show was appearing, we stopped to records we anticipate you'll be en- Southwestern, Weatherford, tells visit with her. countering a lot of Gail for a long about the strangest football game he She is even prettier and more spark- time, for not only can she sing, play, ever coached. In it, the game had to ling in person than on television. Now act, and dance, she bas composed up be stopped while the referee went to she's Gail Mallory and husband Rick wards of 40 new songs. We don't want the men's room. Everyone knew where Mallory is personable and well met, to forget, she wanted us to say howdy he was going because he had to run the kind of gent who merits the honor to Mrs. Lemon, her former piano clear across the field and down under of being an honorary Oklahoman. We teacher in Durant. the stands. When he returned all spec- welcome him into the family. tators in both stands stood and ap- Gail told us about her try and dis- plauded. appointment at not becoming Miss A little later the game had to be Oklahoma, and how she traveled to stopped on account of fog . . . thirty California on her own and summoned minutes of it . . . so dense the players up the courage to try out for the Welk couldn't keep track of each other or show. Her success should encourage the ball. every girl who tries to become Miss But the climax had come at the Oklahoma. You can make it to the top kickoff. When the opposing team kick- without the title. Gail did. ed off the ball suffered a blowout. Her parents still live here, her When Otis' team caught the ball it mother still being the boss lady at the was a flat, deflated bladder which may Durant Pipe and Supply Co., and her have set off a subconscious train of dad still running cattle on Southeast- thought in the referee, causing him to ern Oklahoma's fine ranch land. Gail make that later, long trip ...

TWENTY-TWO OKLAHOMA TODAY

I

We are intrigued with the suggestion that there ~ was a group of men standing around Castle Rock ' when the inscription was carved, rather than there : being a single Italian soldier, alone, as we sug- 1 gested in our first article. It seems especially rea- sonable, for the Cimarron runs so close by, and the river is sweet water there. The Cimarron does 1 not become salty until it passes through the ( A new thought on the CORONATTO inscrip- "Great Salt" deposits northwest of Freedom, a tion is offered by Dr. Clara Chavez de B. In reply good many miles farther down stream. to our wondering why the inscriber carved CORO- So it is entirely possible that the Coronado Ex- NATTO instead of his own name, the good doctora pedition, returning to Tiguex, entered our pan- suggests that very probably a group of men from handle at what was later to be called the Willow- the expedition were gathered there when the carv- bar Crossing of the Cirnarron, and followed the ing was executed. With the inclination to carve course of the river on into New Mexico. On that only one name in the rock, it was the concensus route, the entire expedition could have been of the group to carve the name of the expedition camped along the Cimarron within sight of Castle leader rather than some other individual's name. Rock while that inscription was being carved. As to why the inscription read CORONATTO in- We'll remind you how the CORONATTO in- stead of CORONADO we refer you to our origi- scription looks by reproducing it here, along with nal article in the Spring '75 issue of Oklahoma a couple of those 16th century drooping fives we 4 Today. encountered in CastGeda's account of the expedi- ] As we pointed out, CORONATTO is the Italian tion, written after his return spelling, and there were two Italians, Bartolome to Mexico. It is impressive

Napolitano and Francisco Rojo Loro, with the how much the fives in the + expedition. Certainly one of them did the actual Castaiieda manuscript, which 4+ ~"5k/ carving, possibly because he was the only man in was also written in the 1540s, look like the five in the immediate group there beside the rock who our CORONATTO inscription. could write. At that time in history very few men One final note, our CORONATTO inscription could read and write, and if others in the group is fast disappearing. As you can see in our repro- there beside Castle Rock could not, they would duction, the first 0 is already gone. The R is not have realized that the inscription's spelling almost gone. If it is not protected, it will even- was Italian, not Spanish. tually altogether disappear.

NEW BOOKS worst predator. Greed and aggressive- ness, both Caucasian and Indian, fol- PLATT NATIONAL PARK by Bal- lowed. The Comanches virtually wip- lard M. Barker and William Carl ed out the Lipan Apaches, but set up Jameson, University of Oklahoma no Bureau of Indian Affairs to assist Press, Norman, $5.95. Chickasaws and the few Lipans who survived. The Choctaws were among the first per- white man almost wiped out the Co- manent settlers of the Travertine manches, set up a Bureau of Indian Creek, Antelope Springs, Buffalo Affairs to assist the survivors, but its Springs, Bromide Hill area, all now work has hardly been entirely sue part of our smallest National Park, cessful. Now modem Indian people and the Chickasaws are still intimate- assault other Indian people, as in the ly involved in development of the area. current struggles at Pine Ridge in the This charming book treats fully of the Dakotas. The real basis of war and ecology, flora, and fauna of lovely violence is not racial. These specters Platt. spring from individual misunder- standing and/or greed. A careful read- COMANCHES: The Destruction of ing of author Fehrenbach's book may a People by T. R. Fehrenbach, Alfred help in deepening your understanding. A. Knopf, New York, $12.50. It has become crucially necessary to examine THEY SADDLED THE WEST by Indian-Caucasian struggles in equani- Lee M. Rice and Glenn Vernam, Cor- mity. Given the people, the times, and nell Maritime Press, Inc., Cambridge, the circumstances, the frontier Indian Maryland, $10.00. You'll find all the wars were inevitable. An overcrowded famous name saddlemakers you ever European population inevitably ex- heard of in this volume, with others panded from Europe to America and you should have heard of. The Mexi- continued westward. No containment can ancestry of our cow country lore of this expansion was possible. Re- and customs is traced. Well illustrated sulting encounters with indigenous with photos and Glenn Vernam's sad- people were tragic. Disease was the dle sketches. The writing is topnotch,

TWENTY-FOUR OKLAHOMA TODAY

our favorite chapters being Guadalupe Strickland, University of Oklahoma Garcia, Artist in Saddlery, and the Press, Norman, $9.95. More than an story of Charlie Collins, Some were accumulation of laws, this delightful Fiddle-Footed. narrative reconstructs the native Cherokee system of jurisprudence THE BLACK OKLAHOMANS: A against the historical tapestry from History, 1541-1972 by Arthur L. Tol- which it grew. Lively writing and a son, Edwards Printing Company, New collection of rarely seen photos, draw- Orleans, La., $3.50. Dr. Arthur Tolson ings, and paintings show why the is the son of well-remembered Melvin Cherokees were fully known as a B. Tolson, Langston University's "civilized" people rather than as sav- award winning professor and Poet ages even during the very time they Laureate of Liberia. Among the points were dispossessed of their southern made by this thoroughly researched lands by greedy conquerors and a history we'll mention three: (1) prior despotic Andrew Jackson. to the mid-1940s racial discrimina- tion here was the hard and fast rule; THE PRESIDIO by Max L. Moor- (2) in the years since, steady prog- head, University of Oklahoma Press, ress toward equality has been made; Norman, $9.95. Oklahoma author (3) perfection has not yet been at- Moorhead is David Ross Boyd Pro- tained. Blacks came to Oklahoma with fessor of History at O.U. While the the earliest explorers, Coronado, de presidio was similar to the U.S. Army fite, La Harpe, et al, many years forts which later defended the Ameri- before the Pilgrims landed at can West, its greater influence came Plymouth Rock. from its functions as market center, sanctuary, social unit, religious out- INDIAN RAWHIDE : An American post, and administrative center of the Folk Art by Mable Morrow, Universi- area it served. The civilian settlement ty of OklahomaPress,Norman,$20.00. surrounding provided the reasons for Volume 132 in the Civilization of the the presidio, and its importance in the American Indian Series is large and development of the U.S., Mexico, and They liberally illustrated, both in color and Spain. black and white. Rawhide crafting of ...."-- Saddled the parfleche, boats, cradles, drums, MAYA CITIES: Placemaking and ,Z ,Z - masks, shields, toys, etc., is described. Urbanization by George F. Andrews, -I=- ' the West Some discussion of birchbark and pot- University of Oklahoma Press, Nor- IEe ?A NICE man, $20.00. As the development of .d tery included. Forty-four tribes of GLENN R VERNAM ., eleven Indian families are covered, our state's Spiro Mounds complex PbIino..mWOl".-- - with illustrations of the unique de- continues, the relationship of these signs they painted on rawhide items. early Oklahoma people with the Maya Coincidental with the International people of Yucatan will become more Women's Year, it deals with the work apparent. Spiro was a primitive coun- of Indian women and their philosophy try cousin of the culture which rose of teaching and child training, with to such grandeur in the jungles of a foreword written by Alice Marriott. Mesoamerica. The similarity, of raised temple construction, serpent reverence, MEXICO MYSTIQUE by Frank Wa- in customs, and artifacts, are already ters, the Swallow Press, Inc., Chicago, visible. Studies like this one, of the $10.00. This book should have mean- physical form and spacial organization ing for modern Oklahomans because of the Maya cities, should provide it deals with a variety of inter-related help in our reconstruction of the Spiro Indians themes, mythological and culture. spiritual. The problem, in reading CITIES these obscure philosophies, myths, TERRITORIAL GOVERNORS OF and theories, is to determine what the OKLAHOMA edited by Leroy H. meaning is. The mysterious correla- Fischer, Oklahoma Historical Society, I tions of myths and Indian spirituality Oklahoma City. Colorful narration The Bhk O - ~ ~cross international boundries, even and choice pictures, in both a hard- continents. We read, not comprehend- cover ($6.95) and a soft-cover ($3.95) ing much of what we read, but won- format, successfully capture the spirit dering mightily at the unfathomable of territorial times. Personalities and 1890s CV) and mind-stretching depths. You may the atmosphere of the pre- ---.-- -\ comprehend more than we. Surely, as dominate. We would say this book is we did, you'll enjoy the mind stretch- overdue, were it not that it can now ing exercises this book stimulates. include incidents and evaluations Fire andtheSpirits (hniru+U..rOn that would have had to be omitted by ?,woad ~~c~ud FIRE AND SPIRITS: Cherokee Luw had it been written earlier. It will take -- from Clan to Court by Rennard you back to the era of which it treats. OKLAHOMA TODAY

I Deana in "civi1ian"dresS ueana In Kiowa Ducxsrln I1 Miss Indian America for 1975-76 is Deana Harragarra, Kiowa-Otoe, from Yukon. Deana is intelligent, personable, under- standing and empathetic. She is a graduate of the University of Oklahoma with the Bachelor of Arts degree, and is now a gradu- ate student. She is interested in both library science and law, and we're pulling for her to complete that law degree which would make her one of the first full-blood Indian lady attorneys in the U.S.A.She has the wit and talent to handle anybody's case, in any court. Being Miss Indian America will take some time this year, and the agony is that she has to pass up more events than she can attend. In order to attend Anadarko's American Indian Exposition, she was unable to be present for the concurrent Crow Indian Fair in Montana, and the Gallup Ceremonial in New Mexico. Attending Georgia's Salute to the First American made it impossible for her to be present for National Boy Scouting's Order of the Arrow get-together in Ohio. fiture months will see her in Washington, D.C., also at- tending Portland, Oregon's National Congress on the American Indian. She has been invited to ride in both the Rose Bowl Parade, and the Orange Bowl Parade. Choosing one will not be easy, but we predict it is a choice that will be made with rightness and wisdom by the 22nd Miss Indian America, Okla- homa's Deana Harragarra.

9 TWENTY-EIGHT

and parts. Besides, composer Hanson addressed a congratulatory letter to the group. At the close of the first season, the Junior Division of the Tulsa Phil- harmonic's Women's Association took, the Youth Symphony under its wing. It became the Division's principal re- sponsibility. Besides fund raising, its' members supply cookies and cokes at rehearsals, and are on hand "to help with whatever traumas arise," says Susan Stone. Mrs. Stone is now chair- person of the Youth Symphony Com- mittee and liaison officer between the Youth group and the philharmonict Board. Early, the Women's Association. pledged an annual gift of $1000 to the Philharmonic's offspring, but it's the Junior Division-by way of two fund raising efforts-that struggles to meet the budget. The enterprises used to fill the fers are the annual Fantasy Ball Santa's House. At Santa'sa house the young women locate and deck out in Christmas garb-they sell home- made goodies, gifts, and sometimes items on consignment. The money the ball and Santa's House fail to produce-the budget has run from $5000 to $-the Phil- harmonic Society provides. Last sea- son the budget was $7000. For 19751976, however, it will only be $3800. But that's because of a ' The Tulsa Youth Symphony Corn- Tulsa Philharmonic and professor of change in organization. The $3800 fig- mittee did a lot of "pacing the floor" music at Tulsa University, was ure doesn't include the conductor's during January 1963. In fact, it had selected. salary. For the first time, the Society been parentally anxious for months. September saw initial auditions for has combined two jobs. One person But it now seemed probable that the membership in the new orchestra, and will act as both conductor and ad- gestational period was over. And sure since the auditions were open, instru- ministrator with the salary coming enough, on Wmesday, January 24, mentalists from all over the north- from the Philharmonic budget. the Tulsa Philharmonic Society re- east corner of the state tried out. Ronald Wheeler will be the 1975- ported the birth of the Tulsa Junior When completed, they had turned up 1976 conductor-administrator.Wheeler Symphony. Chairperson Bonnibel 69 players. Then began rehearsals for has been the conductor since 1972. (Mrs. William E.) Lester was the at- the inaugural concert scheduled for He took over after a six year term tending physician. The Committee January 1964. The debut was a whop- under the guidance of Robert Mo handed out the customary cigars and ping success, and Tulsa's music critics Nally. McNally, now concert-master candy. so testified. of the PhilhaRUoniC, followed Waits The birth made quite a stir in Tulsa. On that first program, the orchestra in 1966. Leading music educators and the press played Howard Hanson's "Symphony Wheeler is ambitious. In the sum- were generous with accolades. From No. 2, (Romantic) ." The noted Amer- mer of 1971, a year prior to being ap the Tulsa World came, "In the years ican composer's work holds special pointed conductor of the Youth Syrn- ahead, this could prove to be an out- significance for the Youth Symphony phony, he organized a 20 piece Youth standing step in building a better because, representative of the coopera- Chamber Orchestra that played six Tulsa." tion and encouragement of the com- park concerts. It was repeated in 1972. The spring of 1963 was spent au- munity, the Tulsa Alumnae Chapter Using those concerts as a stimu- ditioning prospective conductors, and of Sigma Alpha Iota Music Sorority lant, Wheeler pried a $12,000 grant Max Waits, then first flutist with the presented the orchestra with the score continued on page 32

THIRTY OKLAHOMA TODAY astic that they wanted to keep the young Oklahomans for a summer of appearances in New York World's Fair Pavilion. Costs for such a ven- ture were beyond financial reality, however, so the eighty-five member Junior Symphony returned to Okla- homa City. There is no lack of regularly sched- uled appearances here. The Junior Symphony plays three formal evening concerts each year-this year on No- vember 23, February 22, and May 2, at Oklahoma City University. They are now in their fourth year of play- ing an annual series of concerts, spon- sored by the American Association of University Women, for school children in Edmond, plus a formal evening concert there. They presented a series of Chil- dren's Concerts in Muskogee last year, and will return there again in November of this year. The Oklahoma City Ladies' Music Club sponsors concerts here and uses the resulting funds to help the orch- estra meet its budget, purchase in- struments, and equipment. Last year's proceeds were used to purchase a new harp. The orchestra plays for the Spring Festival of Arts in downtown Okla- homa City. For the Oklahoma City Public Schools String Festival in May, Junior Symphony members provide a variety of assists, playing incidental The Oklahoma City Junior Sym- been purchased by a wide spectrum. and background music, and perform- phony is twenty-five years old. Near- A Maharaja of India who had studied ing as a unit. They play an annual ly 100% of each year's group of gradu- music in London and is an Honorary outdoor concert on the Fidelity Bank ating seniors goes on to conservatory, Fellow of the Trinity College of Music Mall. The next of these will be at college, or university, as a scholarship, wanted a record for his personal col- noon on Friday, October 17. often full scholarship, student. lection. The "Voice of America" has The Junior Symphony's most re- The triumphs of the orchestra have purchased many of their records for cent appearance before the Music Ed- been many indeed. Since 1959, Burns broadcast to international audiences. ucators National Conference was in Westman, Music Consultant for the You can read about these achieve- Wichita, Kansas, in 1973. On that Oklahoma City Schools, has been the ments in more detail in the article occasion they performed Ray Luke's orchestra's conductor. In 1961 the JUNIOR SYMPHONY in the Sum- Compressions, its second public per- orchestra broke into national promi- mer '63 issue of Oklahoma Today. formance after its earlier premier by , nence when it was selected as one of Here are a few of the highlights that the Oklahoma City Symphony. 1 three young orchestras to play for the have transpired since. In Wichita the Junior Symphony ' biennial convention of the National In 1965 the Oklahoma City Junior also performed Suite from the Ballet 1 Federation of Music Clubs in Kan- Symphony played in New York City's Estancia by Brazilian composer Ginas- I sas City. Town Hall. They also performed in tera. Young pianist Larry Keller was 1 A year later they made their first the Oklahoma Pavilion at the World's the soloist for Franz Liszt's Toten- ; appearance before the Music Educa- Fair and, by special invitation, in the danz, with his father, Edwin Keller, tors National Conference in Chicago, New York Pavilion. Young soloist Coordinator of Arts for the Oklahoma where enthusiastic listeners insisted Jack Karhu played the extremely dif- City Schools, as the guest conductor that the Chicago Symphony could not ficult Richard Strauss Concerto for on the podium. have performed the concert any bet- French Horn, Opus 11. Several ingredients contribute to the '-r. The orchestra's recordings have The New Yorkers were so enthusi- continued on page 32

THIRTY-ONE from the National Endowment For The Arts to pay for twelve performances in Tulsa schools during 1972-1973. The following year, Wheeler arranged a trip to St. Louis where the orchestra played a concert, rehearsed under Leonard Slatkin, and attended a St. Louis Symphony program. Last sea- son, the orchestra cut a disc that will be sold locally to support the orchestra. Furthermore, the Chamber Orchestra has accom- panied "Messiah" performances for the past two years. With two scheduled concerts a year, the extra activities spell b-u-s-y. And the Youth Symphony is going to gain in attradive- ness with Thomas Lewis on the Philharmonic podium. Lewis is a firm backer of the young orchestra, and has regenerated Philharmonic Board interest. With new backing, prestige will build and inspire players to meet still heftier challenges. That means greater experience, the kind that makes it possible for students to gain entrance to Though there have been successful the country's topflight music schools. Indian authors in the past, and their Many have already made it; among them Carolyn Moran number is increasing, most Indian his- to Oberlin and Juilliard-she is now concertizing in Europe- and Harold Moses to Curtis Institute. He's at present assistant tory is still written by white authors. principal violist with the Denver Symphony. A fuller understanding of Indian his- Evan Johnson, Mary Anne Griffin, and Mary Ellen Ewing- tory, in its depth and complexity, can all violinistswent to Juilliard. Johnson transfered to Columbia, come only as we have more Zndianl and is now doing graduate work at the Manhattan School of history written from the Indian view- Music. Ewing plays with the New Jersey Symphony. point, by Indian authors. Newton Sally Mulholland, cellist, and Rob Maddin, violist, went to Poolaw, Kiowa, gives us here an Zn- Eastman, and Michael Deatherage, now principal cellist with the dian viewpoint of an often told tale, San Diego Symphony, graduated from Oklahoma City University. the death of Satank. You can find That rundown--and it's not complete-can be looked at with a bit of pride by those who have worked madly to support the other accounts of this event, for con- orchestra. But, you can't really feel sorry for them for they love parison, in Carbine and Lance by it. And they'd probably be happy to echo Susan Stone who W. S. Nye, The Kiowa Indians, by exudes, "I'm committed to the idea of young people having Hugh Corwin, The Ten Grandmothers the opportunity to play in a symphony." by Alice Marriott, The Warren Wagon Train Raid by Benjamin Capps, also The Kiowas by Mildred P. Mayhall.

Satank, as he was called by the whites, was probably the most formi- dable war chief of the Kiowa tribe. In 1840 Satank (Sitting Bear), and success of the Oklahoma City Junior Symphony. Among them Dohausan (Little Bluff), the last head is the strong support given the organization by community adults chief of all the Kiowas, made peace -including and especially the parents of Junior Symphony mem- with the Cheyennes and Arapahoes. bers. Also the splendid professional caliber musicianship of the Before, they had been mortal enemies. youngsters themselves. Certainly of equal importance is the Satank was a wealthy man in the leadership of their condudor. Burns Westman is more than a thorough musician, musical disciplinarian, and master of the Kiowa way. It is said he alone gave baton. He has those special qualities which enable him to away 250 horses to the Cheyennes relate to young people, inspiring without being overwhelming, and Arapahoes, in exchanging gifts to and providing leadership without ostentation. insure lasting peace. Satank was a The Oklahoma City Junior Symphony has been invited by member of the Koitsenko warrior so- the National Federated Music Clubs, as a Bicented event, ciety, a very exclusive group to which to perform on October 11, 1976, at the Kennedy Center for the only 10 could belong. In battle, this Performing Arts in Washington, D.C. There they will accom- society put their lances down through pany ballerina Yvonne Chouteau; and their own all-instrumental their red sashes, anchoring themselves ' program will consist entirely of Oklahoma composers; Roy facing the enemy, to die fighting, Harris' Third Symphony, Spencer Norton's Dance Suite, Louis , Ballard's Trail of Tears, and Romanza for Oboe and Strings never to retreat, unless rescued by a by Jack Kilpatrick. comrade. In 1870 Satank's favorite son, along with Lone Wolfs favorite son, were killed in Texas by soldiers. From then I THIRTY-TWO OKLAHOMA TODAY I fatalistic. He was ready to die as the warrior that he was. As my father remembers Big Tree's story, the- next morning they were loaded into two corn wagons, a guard and driver to each wagon, a mounted soldier escort on all sides. Big Tree and Satank in one wagon and Satanta in another. I questioned my father as to who rode in which wagon, for here the accounts differ, but he only said, "My memory is still good." Satank began talking to Big Tree. He told him he was a young man and if he were ever released to build a sweat house of a hundred willow and death many times. Also branches and to decorate the sweat I have heard all the old house with ten sticks representing the I on Satank became an legends, battle stories, and sacred grandmother bundles. Satank implacable, uncompro- warrior society songs about him. was the possessor of one of these mising enemy of all whites. In the spring of 1871, General Wil- bundles. He made an expedition to Texas liam Tecurnseh Sherman came to Tex- Satank then pointed to a tree up to recover his son's bones, then erect- as to hear the protests of the Texans ahead and said he wouM never pass ed a tepee in which to place these as to Indian raids. hieTatum, that tree. He began to pray. Upon ibones, carefully wrapped. He fre- Quaker Indian agent, heard Satanta finishing his prayer he called out quently invited his son's ceremonial (White Bear) boast about the War- aloud to his dead son to light the society, the "Herders," to come to this ren wagon train raid. He recom- pipe for he was very lonesome and tepee and smoke as if his son were mended that Satank, Satanta, Big would soon join him. still alive. He carried his son's bones Tree, Fast Bear, and Big Bow be ar- After this, Satank began to sing on a special horse whenever he moved rested and brought to trial for this his Koitsenko society song which be- -P. crime. came his death song. He told the In 1867 the Treaty of Medicine After General Sherman's meeting soldier driver that today they would Lodge moved the Kiowas and the with these chiefs, and the brief scuffle meet their maker, the driver mutter- Comanches, allies since 1790, south to ensuing, Satank, Satanta, and Big ing assent, not understanding. Satank their present territory around F't. Sill. Tree were arrested and imprisoned at suddenly pulled a knife and stabbed In historical times we Kiowas remem- Ft. Sill. Recently my father, David the guard and driver who leaped out ber being in the Yellowstone region Poolaw of Mountain View, told me a of the wagon. He then grabbed the in Montana before we drifted south. more detailed and intimate version soldier's carbine. It jammed, and in We began our tribal calendars in the of Satank's death than I had ever this confusion the soldiers opened fire year the stars fell, 1833. My grand- heard before. My father told me he on Satank. father had one of these calendars heard this story first about 1912, from Big Tree says that the last time based on the annual sun dance and the sole survivor, Big Tree. He said he saw Satank he was lying on the winter counts - my uncle has this Big Tree, or Baychape as he was roadside mortally wounded, blood calendar now. called by the Kiowas, was a sincere pouring from his mouth, still trying We Kiowas then roamed, hunted, man. This version differs in several to sing his death song, "Only the and raided an immense range from ways from the military account. earth and the sun endure . . ." the upper Arkansas River to deep in Big Tree said that the night the A significant thing happened then. Old Mexico. The Kiowas were a hap three chiefs were imprisoned at Ft. A young officer suddenly rode py and free people, a plains Indian Sill, they were at first heavily amongst the men who had fired and culture which included the sun dance, guarded. As the long night wore on according to Big Tree actually quirted warrior societies, and the ten sacred they were allowed to walk about in his detail for firing so indiscriminate- "grandmother" medicine bundles. Kio- their cell which, according to Big ly. Satank was not yet dead, but died was fought the hated tehannos, the Tree,was unlocked, guarded by a lone later in the post hospital. mejicanos, and the Utes and Navajos soldier. During the night this lone A small creek runs by the spot to the west, the Pawnees and Osages guard went to sleep. Satank then told where Satank was shot, now fittingly to the north. Satanta they should slip past the called Sitting Bear Creek. To me, The death of Satank was the direct sleeping guard and escape. For some Satank's death was the true death of result of raiding the Warren wagon unknown reason, Satanta awoke the the old Kiowa way of life, although train in Texas. My grandfather, guard. Thus their chance for escape not all the Kiowas were thoroughly George Poolaw of Mountain View, vanished. From here on the attitude subdued until 1874, at Palo Duro told me the story of Satank's deeds of Satank changed to become utterly Canyon.

AUTUMN 1975 THIRTY-THREE Telecast on ABCb WTDE WORLD OF SPORTS. Telecastby the French Broadcasting Company and carried over BBC. Telecast live last year over 92 TV stations in 20 western states and Canada,. To be telecast live this year wer 141TV stationsin 31 states inclum Hawaii andAlaska,plus three Canadian provinces, with delayed broadcast to AwtraJia. Attended by European Tour Groups. Budget increased from $150,000.00fkst year to $451,200.00this year. Prize money increased from $60,000.00 fFrst year to more than $200,000.00 this year.

THIRTY-FOUR OKLAHOMA TODAY They're headed our orderly running of the Finals as gen- Oklahomans figured prominently in way again - those eral manager and producer. the 1974 season and Finals. Tom Fer- mean bulls and come- This will be the 17th Finals in the guson of Miami, in only his second apart broncs and history of the Rodeo Cowboys Associa- year on the RCA circuit, took the North America's top tion. The first three were staged in All-Around Cowboy title. He collected cowboys and cowgirls. Dallas (1959-61), the next two in Los $5,038 in the Finals and finished the For the eleventh Angeles. Since moving to Oklahoma season with a total of $66,929 to break ,straight year, the National Finals City, the Finals have grown stead- the previous record of $64,447 estab- Rodeo returns to Oklahoma City at ily in prize money and spectator lished by Larry Mahan, six-time win- the State Fair Arena, December 6-14. attendance. ner from Dallas. Contestants will compete in "rodeo's The NFR is the end of a beautiful That wasn't all. Ferguson dabbed world series" for $200,000 in official rainbow for some riders, and heart- a loop on the world's calf roping prize money, the largest purse in the break trail for others, with the cow- crown. His total of $40,839 was the history of the sport, said Paul Stras- boys competing in six events - bare- first time any cowboy had ever bet- ugh, executive vice president of the back and saddle bronc riding, bull tered $40,000 in one event in one year. kklahoma City Chamber of Com- riding and steer wrestling, calf roping The Oklahoman was also a close sec- merce. In addition, there will be more and team roping, while the top cow- ond in steer wrestling going into the than $140,000 in other prizes. girls from the Girls Rodeo Association Finals. "The NFR keeps getting bigger and contend for barrel racing honors. Last man to win two world titles bigger every year," Strasbaugh said. To qualify for the Finals, cowboys and the All-Around was Henryetta's "Last year was a sellout each night, must go all out during the grueling legendary Jim Shoulders. He went with total attendance topping 89,000." season. Some perform in more than into the record books in 1956-58, All profits, which totaled $70,000 100 RCA-sanctioned rodeos, flying when he led the bareback bronc and last year, go to the National Cowboy and driving as much as 150,000 miles. bull riders. Shoulders, seven times Hall of Fame, which includes the Finals winnings are added to each champion bull rider and four times home of the Rodeo Memorial Associa- contestant's regular season earnings, bareback champ, is now a stock con- tion and Rodeo Hall of Fame. Clem and the world championship titles are tractor and a member of the NFR McSpadden, former president pro then awarded to the cowboys in each Commission Board. tempore of the Oklahoma State Sen- event who won the most money dur- Continuing in the winning Shoul- ate and former congressman from the ing the year, and to the top girl ders' tradition is son Marvin, the 1973 2nd district of Oklahoma, sees to the barrel racer. NFR bull riding champion. The first

I AUTUMN 1975 THIRTY-FIVE bareback, saddle bronc and bull ridin Freckles Brown is conducted by Rodeo Sports News, official publication of the association,1 night he rode his dad's bull Mighty based cowboy, was running third for to determine which animals are the Mouse for a 93 score, a Finals' record the All-Around trophy just before the toughest to ride. and one of the highest scores in the 1974 Finals. 'Pwice winner of the A ten-year-old gelding named Check- history of rodeo. Finals bull riding average, he was mate, owned by Christensen Brothers In a duel with Ferguson, Norman's the 1971 All-Around runnerup. of Eugene, Ore., was selected top sad- Tommy Puryear won the world's steer Woodward's smooth-riding Jeana dle bronc last year. Top bareback wrestling crown the last night of the Day Felts, who joined the Girls Rodeo horse was 16-year-old Smokey, owned 1974 Finals in what was described as Association in 1969 and has been by Harry Vold of Fowler, Colo. Bull "the most electrifying finish ever seen among the top 15 every year since, of the year was Tiger, a 1,400-pound in the NFR." put away the 1974 world's barrel brindle-colored twister owned by Billy The 6-1, 210-pound Puryear pinned racing title. Minick of Saginaw, Tex. his steer in 4.91. Ferguson, knowing Gail Petska of Tecumseh, who car- Not all bulls carry awesome names. he had to register a run of 4.96 sec- ried off the 1972 and 1973 world Elra Beutler and son Jiggs, stock con- onds or better to snap on the gold crowns, and also the '72 NFR trophy, tractors near Elk City, use numbers and silver champion's buckle, wrestled holds the distinction of being only the for their bulls. his steer down in 5.13 -and Puryear second girl to hang up back-to-back Rodeo contestants compete against had the crown. For the sake of state titles. Competition is so keen in the time. In riding events, the cowboy "detente," it should be pointed out Finals that no girl has won the aver- can earn 50 points and the animal 50. that Puryear formerly hailed from age twice at Oklahoma City. Two judges score both and the total Austin, Tex. A winning combination in this event is the point count given the rider. Bobby Berger, another Norman- requires a finely trained horse, re- Money earned by the contestants is sponsive to the slightest touch of rein based on their point count. If it isn't or boot, and a rider with delicate high enough, no money. Or if they h balance. From a running start, horse are thrown, no money. There are no and rider must circle three barrels in salaries in this sport. a clover-leaf pattern. Knocking over A big incentive for top hands fol- a barrel adds 10 seconds to the rider's lowing the rough circuit in the dusty After one year in Albuquerque time. arenas is the $120,000 Winston Rodeo (1974) the International Rodeo Association's finals Although 17 seconds is considered Awards. At the conclusion of the Fi- have returned to Tulsa. fast time and probably in the money, nals, the new All-Around Cowboy re- See Oklahoma Today, competition has tightened in recent ceives $10,000, and the champions in Winter '75-'76. years until winning time in a go-'round the six men's events pocket $5,000 must be around 16 seconds. each. Twice during the regular sea- Bucking stock also has to come up son, Winston also awards money to the hard way to rate the Finals. Each cowboys leading the standings. year a poll of the top contestants in Some of the memorable moments

THIRTY-SIX OKLAHOMA TODAY

A rodeo clown has saved many a rodeo rider from a bad bruising, if not NFR1 worse.

of the Finais have come in bull rid- ing. Among them was the opening performance Dec. 1, 1967, when 47- year-old Freckles Brown, the pride of Soper, Okla., drew the mighty Tor- nado. A lordly resident of Jim Shod-' ders' well-stocked bull pasture, Tor- nado was ten years old and weighed 1,700 pounds or more in peak condi- tion. A Braford-+ crossbetween Brahma and Hereford-Tornado had never had a qualified ride. Which means no cow- boy had stayed aboard eight seconds, before Freckles climbed over the boards of chute No. 2 and settled himself on the unridden Tornado. "I went to pullin' on my rope," Freckles later told Bob Colvin of the Daily Oklahoman, "and he just got hard as a rock, went to drawin' up like he was gonna run the 100-yard dash . . . He just drawed up. His whole body got hard. He was lookin' for that gate to open, like I was." When the gate swung open, Tornado took off as --high and far on the first jump and kicked hard, mighty hard. Then he whipped to the right. Freckles hung on. "I got over there to the right," F'reckles said. "Maybe just a hair too far. I straight- ened up and he spun three or four times." Then it happened - Tornado changed his pattern, the dread of all bull riders. He jumped ahead and back to his right. Just a few seconds to go now. "I just got behind him a little bit," Freckles said. "I throwed my foot out there, got my head back in there and did all right." Seven seconds gone now. "I just felt good. I got where I wanted to be and that's the first time I got just exactly where I wanted to be . . . I felt like I had him rode." F'reckles Brown never heard the whistle ending his historic ride. All he could hear was the screaming, hol- lering crowd. Shoulders was the first to congratulate him. Fittingly, that was the year Freckles won the NFR bull riding title.

OKLAHOMA TODAY