General Information About Running for Public Office
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Elections--Equal Protection [Williams V
Case Western Reserve Law Review Volume 20 Issue 4 Article 10 1969 Recent Decisions: Constitutional Law--Elections--Equal Protection [Williams v. Rhodes, 393 U.S. 23 (1968)] E. E. E. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/caselrev Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation E. E. E., Recent Decisions: Constitutional Law--Elections--Equal Protection [Williams v. Rhodes, 393 U.S. 23 (1968)], 20 Case W. Rsrv. L. Rev. 892 (1969) Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/caselrev/vol20/iss4/10 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Journals at Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Case Western Reserve Law Review by an authorized administrator of Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. CASE WESTERN RESERVE LAW REVIEW [Vol. 20:892 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW - ELECTIONS - EQUAL PROTECTION Williams v. Rhodes, 393 U.S. 23 (1968). While traditionally two political parties have dominated Amer- ican Presidential elections, there has frequently been a third-party candidate who, although never successful, has often provided color and dignity to an otherwise overbearing ritual. A primary reason for an independent party's lack of success has been its inability to comply with the rigid requirements of diverse state election laws. Usually, state statutes permit voters to write in a party or candidate's name only if that party or candidate has fulfilled certain conditions; moreover, in order to secure a printed position on the ballot, the same party or candidate must comply with more rigid statutory requirements. -
Chapter 4: State Regulation of Ballot Measures
CHAPTER 4: STATE REGULATION OF BALLOT MEASURES I. Introduction A. Nature of Ballot Measures B. Types of Ballot Measures C. State Regulation of Ballot Measures II. State Regulation of Ballot Measure Ballot Access A. Presentation of Intent B. Measure Approved/Title Assigned/Petition Created C. Petition Circulation 1. Circulator Requirements 2. Signature Requirements a. Numerical Requirements b. Geographic Distribution Requirements c. Restrictions on Who May Sign the Petition 3. Witness/Attestation Requirements D. Certification for Ballot Access E. Required Ballot Information III. Court Involvement in Ballot Measure Issues A. Procedural Challenges B. Substantive Challenges 1. Single Issue 2. Constitutional Amendment vs. Revision 3. Measure Exceeds Legislative Authority 4. Constitutionality I. INTRODUCTION A. NATURE OF BALLOT MEASURES Many, but not all,1 states recognize a citizen’s right to place measures on the ballot by one or more of the processes known as initiative,2 referendum, and recall. In some states, these exercises in direct democracy are a reserved power of the people recognized by the state constitution, while in others the ability to propose ballot measures exists only through a legislative grant of authority.3 1 See INITIATIVE & REFERENDUM INSTITUTE, http://www.iandrinstitute.org/statewide_i&r.htm (last visited July 28, 2007) (listing state-by-state information on the initiative and referendum processes available). 2 An initiative is a voter-proposed statute or constitutional amendment that is placed on the ballot by petition. Citizens use initiatives to bypass their governmental representatives and enact change directly. 3 See, e.g., Hoyle v. Priest, 59 F. Supp. 2d 827, 835 (W.D. -
The Truth About Voter Fraud 7 Clerical Or Typographical Errors 7 Bad “Matching” 8 Jumping to Conclusions 9 Voter Mistakes 11 VI
Brennan Center for Justice at New York University School of Law ABOUT THE BRENNAN CENTER FOR JUSTICE The Brennan Center for Justice at New York University School of Law is a non-partisan public policy and law institute that focuses on fundamental issues of democracy and justice. Our work ranges from voting rights to redistricting reform, from access to the courts to presidential power in the fight against terrorism. A sin- gular institution—part think tank, part public interest law firm, part advocacy group—the Brennan Center combines scholarship, legislative and legal advocacy, and communications to win meaningful, measurable change in the public sector. ABOUT THE BRENNAN CENTER’S VOTING RIGHTS AND ELECTIONS PROJECT The Voting Rights and Elections Project works to expand the franchise, to make it as simple as possible for every eligible American to vote, and to ensure that every vote cast is accurately recorded and counted. The Center’s staff provides top-flight legal and policy assistance on a broad range of election administration issues, including voter registration systems, voting technology, voter identification, statewide voter registration list maintenance, and provisional ballots. © 2007. This paper is covered by the Creative Commons “Attribution-No Derivs-NonCommercial” license (see http://creativecommons.org). It may be reproduced in its entirety as long as the Brennan Center for Justice at NYU School of Law is credited, a link to the Center’s web page is provided, and no charge is imposed. The paper may not be reproduced in part or in altered form, or if a fee is charged, without the Center’s permission. -
How to Choose a Political Party
FastFACTS How to Choose a Political Party When you sign up to vote, you can join a political party. A political party is a group of people who share the same ideas about how the government should be run and what it should do. They work together to win elections. You can also choose not to join any of the political parties and still be a voter. There is no cost to join a party. How to choose a political party: • Choose a political party that has the same general views you do. For example, some political parties think that government should No Party Preference do more for people. Others feel that government should make it If you do not want to register easier for people to do things for themselves. with a political party (you • If you do not want to join a political party, mark that box on your want to be “independent” voter registration form. This is called “no party preference.” Know of any political party), mark that if you do, you may have limited choices for party candidates in “I do not want to register Presidential primary elections. with a political party” on the registration form. In • You can change your political party registration at any time. Just fill California, you can still out a new voter registration form and check a different party box. vote for any candidate in The deadline to change your party is 15 days before the election. a primary election, except If you are not registered with a political party and for Presidential candidates. -
Rule-Of-Law.Pdf
RULE OF LAW Analyze how landmark Supreme Court decisions maintain the rule of law and protect minorities. About These Resources Rule of law overview Opening questions Discussion questions Case Summaries Express Unpopular Views: Snyder v. Phelps (military funeral protests) Johnson v. Texas (flag burning) Participate in the Judicial Process: Batson v. Kentucky (race and jury selection) J.E.B. v. Alabama (gender and jury selection) Exercise Religious Practices: Church of the Lukumi-Babalu Aye, Inc. v. City of Hialeah (controversial religious practices) Wisconsin v. Yoder (compulsory education law and exercise of religion) Access to Education: Plyer v. Doe (immigrant children) Brown v. Board of Education (separate is not equal) Cooper v. Aaron (implementing desegregation) How to Use These Resources In Advance 1. Teachers/lawyers and students read the case summaries and questions. 2. Participants prepare presentations of the facts and summaries for selected cases in the classroom or courtroom. Examples of presentation methods include lectures, oral arguments, or debates. In the Classroom or Courtroom Teachers/lawyers, and/or judges facilitate the following activities: 1. Presentation: rule of law overview 2. Interactive warm-up: opening discussion 3. Teams of students present: case summaries and discussion questions 4. Wrap-up: questions for understanding Program Times: 50-minute class period; 90-minute courtroom program. Timing depends on the number of cases selected. Presentations maybe made by any combination of teachers, lawyers, and/or students and student teams, followed by the discussion questions included in the wrap-up. Preparation Times: Teachers/Lawyers/Judges: 30 minutes reading Students: 60-90 minutes reading and preparing presentations, depending on the number of cases and the method of presentation selected. -
FIGHTING VOTER SUPPRESSION PRESENTED by ELLEN PRICE -MALOY APRIL 26, 2021 VIDEOS to WATCH Stacey Abrams on 3 Ways Votes Are Suppressed – Youtube
FIGHTING VOTER SUPPRESSION PRESENTED BY ELLEN PRICE -MALOY APRIL 26, 2021 VIDEOS TO WATCH Stacey Abrams on 3 ways votes are suppressed – YouTube Stacey Abrams discussed with Jelani Cobb the three ways that voter suppression occurs in America: registration access restrictions, ballot access restriction... The History of U.S. Voting Rights | Things Explained Who can vote today looked a lot different from those who could vote when the United States was first founded. This video covers the history of voting rights, including women's suffrage, Black disenfranchisement, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the various methods American voters can cast their ballots today. For more episodes, specials, and ... 2020 election: What is voter suppression? Tactics used against communities of color throughout history, in Trump-Biden race - ABC7 San Francisco NEW YORK -- As Election Day draws close, some American citizens have experienced barriers to voting, particularly in communities of color. While stories about voter suppression across the nation ... SUPPORT DEMOCRACY H.R.1/S.1 The legislation contains several provisions to fight voter suppression, including national automatic voter registration, prohibitions on voter roll purging and federal partisan gerrymandering, and improved election security measures. It also strengthens ethics providing a strong enforcement of Congress’ Ethics Code – leading to prosecution of those who break the Ethics code and standards and for all three branches of government, e.g. by requiring presidential candidates to disclose 10 years of tax returns and prohibiting members of Congress from using taxpayer dollars to settle sexual harassment cases. The bill aims to curb corporate influence in politics by forcing Super PACs to disclose their donors, requiring government contractors to disclose political spending, and prohibiting coordination between candidates and Super PACs, among other reforms. -
Section 1 Political Parties and Accountability Establishment, Constitution, Transparency § 1
Federal Act on the Financing of Political Parties (Political Parties Act 2012 [Parteiengesetz 2012]) Federal Law Gazette I No. 56/2012 Section 1 Political parties and accountability Establishment, constitution, transparency § 1. (Constitutional provision) (1) The existence and diversity of political parties are key elements of the Republic of Austria's democratic order (Art. 1 of the Federal Constitutional Law, Federal Law Gazette No. 1/1930). (2) A political party is a permanently organised association which, through common activities, aims at comprehensively influencing the national decision-making process, in particular by participating in elections for general representative bodies and the European Parliament, and whose constitution has been deposited with the Federal Ministry of the Interior. (3) Political parties may be freely established, unless the Federal Constitutional Law provides otherwise. Their activities shall not be subject to any restrictions by particular legal provisions. (4) The political parties shall resolve on their constitutions, which they shall deposit with the Federal Ministry of the Interior. The political party shall obtain legal personality upon deposit of the constitution. The constitutions shall be published by the political parties on the Internet in an appropriate manner. The constitutions shall, in particular, contain details of 1. the executive bodies or officers of the party and their power of representation, with a manager or managing body, a members’ meeting and a supervisor or supervisory body having to be provided for in any event, 2. the rights and obligations of the members, 3. the structure of the party, 4. provisions on the voluntary dissolution of the political party. (5) Political parties can notify the Federal Ministry of the Interior of their voluntary dissolution. -
Composition of State Legislatures by Political Party Affiliation: 2009 and 2010 [Data As of March and Reflect February Election Results in Year Shown, Except As Noted
Table 410. Political Party Control of State Legislatures by Party: 1985 to 2010 [As of beginning of year. Nebraska has a nonpartisan legislature] Legislatures under— Legislatures under— Legislatures under— Year Demo- Split Repub- Year Demo- Split Repub- Year Demo- Split Repub- cratic control lican cratic control lican cratic control lican control or tie control control or tie control control or tie control 1985. 27 11 11 1996. 16 15 18 2004. 17 11 21 1989 1 . 28 13 8 1997. 20 11 18 2005. 19 10 20 1990. 29 11 9 1999. 20 12 17 2006. 19 10 20 1992. 29 14 6 2000. 16 15 18 2007. 22 12 15 1993. 25 16 8 2001. 16 15 18 2008. 23 14 12 1994. 24 17 8 2002. 17 15 17 2009. 27 8 14 1995. 18 12 19 2003. 16 12 21 2010. 27 8 14 1 A party change during the year by a Democratic representative broke the tie in the Indiana House of Representatives, giving the Republicans control of both chambers. Source: National Conference of State Legislatures, Denver, CO, State Legislatures, periodic. Table 411. Composition of State Legislatures by Political Party Affiliation: 2009 and 2010 [Data as of March and reflect February election results in year shown, except as noted. Figures reflect immediate results of elections, including holdover members in state houses which do not have all of their members running for reelection. Dem. = Democrat, Rep. = Republican, Vac. = Vacancies. In general, Lower House refers to body consisting of state representatives and Upper House, of state senators] Lower House Lower House Upper House Upper House State 2009 2010 2009 2010 Dem. -
Ballot Access Laws
Denver Law Review Volume 73 Issue 3 Tenth Circuit Surveys Article 7 January 2021 Ballot Access Laws Darla L. Shaffer Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/dlr Recommended Citation Darla L. Shaffer, Ballot Access Laws, 73 Denv. U. L. Rev. 657 (1996). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Denver Law Review at Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Denver Law Review by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. BALLOT ACCESS LAWS INTRODUCTION The United States Constitution expressly grants to states the authority to conduct and regulate elections for public officials.' State election codes may define the time, place, and manner of holding elections, as well as require- ments for voting and the selection of candidates.2 While the Supreme Court has recognized the need for such regulation to effectively implement the dem- ocratic process,3 constitutional tensions arise when such regulations invade the rights of voters. The Supreme Court's review of state election laws, specif- ically ballot access laws,4 has received harsh criticism5 for failing to employ a consistent standard of review.6 In 1983, however, the Court set out to end the confusion with its decision in Anderson v. Celebrezze.7 In Anderson, the Court announced that the proper approach for determining the level of scrutiny in ballot access cases is a balancing of interests test.8 1. "The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof ... -
Five Roles of Political Parties
One Big Party? Name: It’s a Party… …but not the kind with ice cream and cake (usually). Political parties are groups of people who share similar beliefs about how the government should be run and how the issues facing our country should be solved. By organizing into political parties, people have more power to make their voices heard than they would have if they acted alone. Political parties are powerful organizations that fight to get the government to act in ways the political party believes is best. Political parties are organized at every level of government, from the national level right down to your own neighborhood. Five Roles of Political Parties Nominate Candidates Create Balance Political parties are responsible for The most powerful political selecting candidates who will run party is the one that has the for political office. The parties most members elected to office. choose candidates who believe in Being in the majority means the party's platform. These the party can focus the candidates represent the party’s government’s attention on issues that are members and help to spread the party’s message important to the party’s platform. The party in during elections. the minority works hard to oppose the majority party and keep it in check. Usually the majority Influence Policy party is able to get many laws passed. Depending on the minority party’s strength, the Members of the Senate and the House majority may need to compromise with the of Representatives are also members minority before a law will pass. In this way the of political parties. -
House Admin Hearing 6-11-21
WRITTEN STATEMENT OF ASHLEE N. TITUS PARTNER, BELL, MCANDREWS & HILTACHK, LLP SECRETARY AND BOARD MEMBER, LAWYERS DEMOCRACY FUND VOTING IN AMERICA: THE POTENTIAL FOR POLLING PLACE QUALITY AND RESTRICTIONS ON OPPORTUNITIES TO VOTE TO INTERFERE WITH FREE AND FAIR ACCESS TO THE BALLOT THE COMMITTEE ON HOUSE ADMINISTRATION U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES JUNE 11, 2021 Thank you, Chairperson Butterfield, Ranking Member Steil, and members of the Committee for allowing me to speak before you today. The conversation before the Committee today is vitally important. Free and fair access to the ballot is essential to a functioning and enduring democracy. Free and fair access ensures that all eligible voters can vote and be confident that their votes count. It means that citizens recognize the election as free and fair and therefore accept the results of an election no matter which candidate wins. Safeguards that protect the freedom and fairness of the entire election process give the American people that confidence in the election results. I am excited to address the Committee today on these important issues. My name is Ashlee Titus. I am an attorney at Bell, McAndrews, & Hiltachk in Sacramento, California specializing in campaign finance and election law. As part of my election law practice, I organize lawyers to observe elections in California and have been an observer myself in several California counties over the last 17 years. I also serve as the Secretary and on the Board of Directors for Lawyers Democracy Fund, a non- profit, nonpartisan organization dedicated to promoting the role of ethics and legal professionalism in the electoral process. -
The Parliamentary Electoral System in Denmark
The Parliamentary Electoral System in Denmark GUIDE TO THE DANISH ELECTORAL SYSTEM 00 Contents 1 Contents Preface ....................................................................................................................................................................................................3 1. The Parliamentary Electoral System in Denmark ..................................................................................................4 1.1. Electoral Districts and Local Distribution of Seats ......................................................................................................4 1.2. The Electoral System Step by Step ..................................................................................................................................6 1.2.1. Step One: Allocating Constituency Seats ......................................................................................................................6 1.2.2. Step Two: Determining of Passing the Threshold .......................................................................................................7 1.2.3. Step Three: Allocating Compensatory Seats to Parties ...........................................................................................7 1.2.4. Step Four: Allocating Compensatory Seats to Provinces .........................................................................................8 1.2.5. Step Five: Allocating Compensatory Seats to Constituencies ...............................................................................8