Ana M. Giménez-Arnau Howard I. Maibach Editors Diagnosis And
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Updates in Clinical Dermatology Series Editors: John Berth-Jones · Chee Leok Goh · Howard I. Maibach Ana M. Giménez-Arnau Howard I. Maibach Editors Contact Urticaria Syndrome Diagnosis and Management Updates in Clinical Dermatology Series Editors: John Berth-Jones Chee Leok Goh Howard I. Maibach More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13203 Ana M. Giménez-Arnau Howard I. Maibach Editors Contact Urticaria Syndrome Diagnosis and Management Editors Ana M. Giménez-Arnau, PhD Howard I. Maibach, MD Hospital del Mar - Institut Mar Department of Dermatology d’Investigacions Mediques University of California San Francisco Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona San Francisco, CA, USA (UAB) Department of Dermatology Barcelona, Spain ISSN 2523-8884 ISSN 2523-8892 (electronic) Updates in Clinical Dermatology ISBN 978-3-319-89763-9 ISBN 978-3-319-89764-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89764-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018946545 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland I dedicate this book to my family, colleagues and patients – who give me confidence in my daily work. Ana M. Giménez-Arnau Preface We, as subjects who live in this world, are constantly exposed to environmen- tal agents capable of stimulating our innate and acquired immunity. Our skin, as a complete immunological organ, recognizes such environmental agents and develops a mechanism of protection. But why does our cutaneous immune system sometimes recognize common environmental agents as for- eign and develop active diseases such as eczema or urticaria? Are allergies a sign of a weak immune system? Signs and symptoms of the contact urticaria syndrome are associated with a substantial burden in the context of health. Eczema and urticaria are preva- lent disabling diseases that interfere with the quality of life and have a well- recognized occupational relevance. For this reason, early diagnosis of these diseases is recommended. From the very beginning it is crucial that the patient receive correct information. What is needed is fast identification of the disease and immediate recommendation of the patient to the correct specialist who will develop an etiological diagnosis using the proper complementary tools. All physicians should be capable of recognizing clinically the typical signs and symptoms that define an immediate skin contact reaction, diagnos- tic of contact urticaria, and protein contact dermatitis. This book includes a glossary of the essential concepts necessary to understand contact urticaria syndrome. The source of exposure to potential responsible agents is broad, and wherever possible it should be verified. This book is designed to give proper general information for the correct understanding of these prevalent skin cutaneous diseases in a practical way. Young and veteran professionals, chemists, and physicians involved in dif- ferent specialties such as dermatology, allergy, or occupational medicine built the chapters of the book. We thank them all for their enthusiasm and very good work. From epidemiology to the clinical management of specific cases, pathogenic, clinical expression, and diagnostic tools are extensively reviewed and clear protocols and algorithms are provided. vii viii Preface Our goal was to make this book easy to read, easy to understand, and easy to apply in your daily practice. We recommend including this text in your library. It will help improve your capacity for diagnosis and consequently your relationship with your population of reference. Barcelona, Spain Ana M. Giménez-Arnau San Francisco, CA, USA Howard I. Maibach Contents 1 Essentials and Updated Concepts . 1 Ana M. Giménez-Arnau and Howard I. Maibach 2 Basic Epidemiology Concepts Relevant in Contact Urticaria . 13 Jose Hernán Alfonso 3 Occupational Relevance of Contact Urticaria Syndrome ���������� 25 Jose Hernán Alfonso 4 Clinical Diagnosis of Immediate Contact Skin Reactions ���������� 45 Ana M. Giménez-Arnau and Marléne Isaksson 5 Oral Allergy Syndrome: Rethinking Concepts . 57 Jorge Sánchez and Ricardo Cardona 6 Wheals and Eczema: Pathogenic Mechanism in Immediate Contact Reactions . 65 Eduardo Rozas-Muñoz and Esther Serra-Baldrich 7 Immediate Skin Contact Reactions Induced by Proteins . 75 Kayria Muttardi and Emek Kocatürk 8 Immediate Skin Contact Reactions Induced by Chemicals . 91 Elena Giménez-Arnau 9 Immunoglobulin E: Pathogenic Relevance in Immediate Contact Reactions �������������������������������������������������������������������������� 111 Maria Estela Martinez-Escala, Leah Ariella Kaplan, and Ana M. Giménez-Arnau 10 Diagnostic Methods: Cutaneous Provocation Tests in Contact Urticaria Syndrome ���������������������������������������������������� 123 Sarah H. Wakelin ix x Contents 11 Molecular Diagnosis in Contact Urticaria Caused by Proteins �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 131 Joaquin Sastre 12 Preventive Measures for Occupationally Induced Immediate Contact Reactions . 149 Jose Hernán Alfonso 13 Management and Treatment of Contact Urticaria Syndrome ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 161 Gustavo Deza and Ana M. Giménez-Arnau 14 Management of Contact Urticaria Through Clinical Cases . 171 Tabi A. Leslie and David Orton Index �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 181 Contributors Jose Hernán Alfonso, MD, PhD Department of Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway Ricardo Cardona, MD, MSc, EAC Group of Clinical and Experimental Allergy (GACE), IPS Universitaria, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia Gustavo Deza, MD Hospital del Mar - Institut Mar d’Investigacions Mediques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Dermatology, Barcelona, Spain Ana M. Giménez-Arnau, MD, PhD Hospital del Mar - Institut Mar d’Investigacions Mediques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Department of Dermatology, Barcelona, Spain Elena Giménez-Arnau, MD Dermatochemistry Laboratory, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg (CNRS UMR 7177), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France Marléne Isaksson Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden Leah Ariella Kaplan, BFA Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA Emek Kocatürk, MD Okmeydanı Training and Research Hospital, Department of Dermatology, İstanbul, Turkey Tabi A. Leslie, BSc(Hons), MBBS(Hons) Royal Free Hospital, London, UK Howard I. Maibach, MD Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA Maria Estela Martinez Escala, MD, PhD Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA Kayria Muttardi, MBBS, BSc, MRCP (Dermatology) West Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Department of Dermatology, Hertfordshire, UK David Orton, BSc, MSc (Allergy), MBBS, FRCP The Hillingdon Hospitals NHS Trust, Uxbridge, UK xi xii Contributors Eduardo Rozas-Muñoz, MD Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain Jorge Sánchez, MD, MSC, Allergist Group of Clinical and Experimental Allergy, IPS Universitaria, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia Foundation for the Development of Medical and Biological Sciences (FUNDEMEB), Cartagena, Colombia Joaquin Sastre, MD, PhD Allergy Department Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES, Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness), Madrid, Spain Esther Serra-Baldrich, MD Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Department of Dermatology, Barcelona, Spain Sarah H. Wakelin, BSc, MBBS, FRCP St. Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare Trust, London, UK Essentials and Updated Concepts 1 Ana M. Giménez-Arnau and Howard I. Maibach The skin is a protective interface developed to environment. Microorganisms, toxins, physical preserve the homeostasis of the human body. A phenomena, or chemical agents are, among