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Download the Full Article As Pdf ⬇︎ Claiming the North Pole Leaping into the unexplored North Pole, conducted under warm conditions. There Our regular support vessel, the Thursday, 2 are a lot different devices, chargers Academic Keldysh, was undergoing a August 2007. and batteries—they come with four big renovation for other purposes, so we During a dive tool sheds, compressors to fill air, tanks found the diesel-powered ice-breaker, of 12 hours with oil and pumps for hydraulics. And Ivan Papanin, in Murmansk. It had a 11 minutes, all their devices for wireless and naviga- cargo hold like a football field and two Russian tion should be in a laboratory. It requires two 25 tons cranes. However, the Ivan bathyscaphes a special technical setup. We really Papanin wasn’t powerful enough to descended to needed to rebuild the ship quite a bit, break very thick ice, so we weren’t sure the bottom of but you just can’t do that with a nuclear that it could make it to the North Pole. Text and photos by Guni Bunns the ocean ice-breaker. So, we couldn’t base our But we went with it anyway. —a world first bathyscaphes there. Of course, we had no funds, so MacDowell went on looking for sponsors. Even James Cameron became interested in this project, but he was too busy with new mov- ies to become involved. Arthur Chilingarov then joined our project in 2003, and this was a turning point, as Arthur On August 2, 2007, the What follows is an exclusive interview idea. I was instantly captivated. I then was very experienced weather was good at the of Anatoly Sagalevich by the journalist had to come up with all the technical with ice-breakers. Gleb Cherniavsky. solutions. I made some connections with For us, the biggest North Pole. The sea was an ice-breaker service in Murmansk and problem was the fund- calm, the water temper- Gleb Cherniavsky (GC): First of all, our flew up to take a look at their nuclear ing. The price was ature was just -1° C, with congratulations to you on your achieve- ice-breaker, Soviet Union. We wanted incredibly expensive. ment. Let me first ask you, when did you to put our bathyscaphes, Mir, on this But we decided to aim the air at a balmy 0° C. get the idea of diving at the North Pole? ice-breaker. Its hoisting cranes could anyway for a dive expe- That morning two And how did you get the idea that this manage 25 tons each, and as our bathy- dition to the North Pole Russian mini subma- was possible? scaphes weighs 18.5 tons, it was possible in 2007, as this was the rines, Bathyscaphe Mir-1 Anatoly Sagalevich (AS): The idea came to deploy them from the ice-breaker International Polar year. to light in 1998. I met Don Walsh and board. We were preparing the and Mir-2, were sent Mike MacDowell who were traveling with bathyscaphes, and down and at noon, Mir-1 a tourist ice-breaker at the time. And GC: And which other equipment would safety aspects took a touched down on the they threw the idea to the wind, why not you need to support these deep water lot of my attention. This seabed at 4,261m, plant- dive on the North Pole? Mike thought it bathyscaphes? project was a leap into was an impossible idea. But Don told him: AS: First of all, we needed to figure out the unknown, and we ing the Russian flag “I know one person who just might go how we could service the bathyscaphes. had little idea what lay along with such an idea,” and brought Doing it outside in the cold on the open ahead for us. Translation by Andrey Bizyukin up my name. Mike then came to our deck at the North pole was not an Photos courtesy Anatoly Sagalevich institute, and we discussed this crazy option. The maintenance needed to be Russian flag placed at the North Pole by explorers 52 X-RAY MAG : 23 : 2008 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED The crew: North Pole Mir-1 – Captain Anatoly Sagalevich feature and as observers Arthur Chilingarov, the chief of “Arctic 2007” expedition We had only a little information from subma- and Vladimir Grudzev, member of riners who went under the ice. We only knew Russian parliament that no magnetic compasses would work. Wherever we went, we had to rely on hydro Mir-2 – Captain Eugenie Cherniaev acoustic devices for navigation. and as observers, the polar explor- ers Swedish Frederik Paulsen and GC: Are you saying that you went to the North Australian Mike MacDowell Pole without any navigation systems? AS: Not entirely. We used a navigation system that could relate to hydro-acoustic stations that we hung though the ice. Usually, we put them on the bottom. Also, we developed two hydro- acoustic direction finders that could lead us back to the ship. So we had two CLOCKWISE: Life at the bottom navigational systems. of the sea at the North Pole. The bathy- Pioneer stands atop scapes were one of the Russian bathyscaphes. Topographical map of the North Pole Dive profile (Moscow time zone): powered by three hydraulic engines, but GC: What kind of battery power did you we added two extra electric engines to have? 09:28 Bathyscaphe Mir-1 commences have auxiliary power in case of an emer- АS: We had quite a lot of it—about 100 its dive. gency. Our bathyscaphes have to con- KW-hours. During a regular dive, we would 10:07 Bathyscaphe Mir-2 commences stantly keep moving horizontally. Vertical spend most of the battery power on the its dive. movement is provided by a ballast system bottom and leave 10-20 percent for sur- 12:11 Bathyscaphe Mir-1 touch down by taking water in and out. Especially for facing. We carried a radio that could be on the seabed at the North the North Pole, we decide to use a mix 50 used on the surface to call in the mother Pole percent antifreeze liquid and 50 percent ship to pick us up. But on the North Pole, 13:46 Begining of ascent water instead of standard water in bal- the bathyscaphes would be diving under 18:08 Bathyscaphe Mir-1 reaches the last system. This was to prevent the valves the ice, which meant that nobody could surface after 8 hours 40 min. from freezing, and it turned out to be a locate us there. We had to find the open- 19:15 Bathyscaphe Mir-2 reaches the very wise decision. ings in the ice ourselves. surface after 9 hours 08 min. We also added solid ballast (which we One of the main questions was how to Samples of sediment and water had never done before) to save battery come back though the same hole in the were collected, and video and energy during ascent in such cold water. ice! Just imagine the ice 2-3 meters thick photography of the continental We wanted to play it safe and make having a small hole about 50 times 30 shelf were taken. A Russian flag sure we had enough power in case of a meters into which you should navigate a from titanium alloy was planted lengthy search for a hole in the ice on the 7.8 meter long bathyscaphe from a depth on ocean floor at the North way back. of about 4000 meters. Pole. 53 X-RAY MAG : 23 : 2008 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED LEFT: The nuclear ice-breaker Russia. BELOW: Anatoly Sagalevich tells the story of feature the journey to the North Pole North Pole when we came as close as АС: Yes, there was very soft 30-40 meters, it completely ground. Just one wrong move- disappeared from our echo- ment and the water became sounder. But from this depth silty and the visibility reduced we were without connection to zero. We took samples of with our navigation stations. the bottom sediment. We also cov- Nonetheless, we decided found some white sea anemo- ered to continue the mission. We nes and brought one up as a by silt? have, however, retained some, sample. We left a cylinder of AS: although very poor, hydro- stainless steel with the letter Eventually, yes. But we also acoustic communication with “conversion to issues” on the planted the flag of the Russian our ship. We heard them very North Pole sea floor. If some- Federation made from titanium poorly, but they heard us clear- one comes there, they will see as well. The flag stands up one ly. that we were here already. But meter from the bottom. The I don’t think that will happen speed of silt accumulation is GC: Did you have a soft land- any time soon. just 0.5 cm in a millinium, so the ing on the North Pole sea bed flag could be seen for many t? GC: Will this cylinder not be thousands of years. GC: What was your decision con. We always knew our went on without navigation. when you realized that you position in relationship to these We were cut off from the sur- couldn’t modify the ice-break- acoustic devices. face. er? Of course, there was some GC: So, it was the border of AS: We decided to use two drift. At 200 meters depth, we two different water densities? vessels: The nuclear ice-break- were already 500 meters away AS: Yes, it was quite a strong er and the ice classified ship from the ice hole.
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