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Child-Focused Parenting Time Guide

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Child-Focused Parenting Time Guide Child-Focused Parenting Time Guide Prepared by the Minnesota State Court Administrator’s Advisory Committee on Child-Focused Parenting Time This Guide is located on the Minnesota Judicial Branch website. For further information, contact: Court Services Division State Court Administrator’s Office 105 Minnesota Judicial Center 25 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. St. Paul, MN 55155 651-297-7587 This Guide is not copyrighted and may be reproduced without prior permission of the Minnesota Judicial Branch, State Court Administrator’s Office. Child-Focused Parenting Time Guide TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... 4 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 4 Legal Notice ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 5 Assumptions ................................................................................................................................ 5 Purpose ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Audience ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Scope and Considerations ........................................................................................................... 6 Differences Between a “Parenting Plan” and a “Parenting Time Schedule”.............................. 7 Resources for Developing and Revisiting Your Parenting Time Schedule .................................. 7 Child-Focused Considerations ......................................................................................................... 7 Most Children Benefit When… ................................................................................................... 8 Most Children are Harmed When… ............................................................................................ 9 Bonding and Attachment .......................................................................................................... 11 Breastfeeding ............................................................................................................................ 11 Schedules Based on Developmental Needs .............................................................................. 11 Multiple Children in a Family at Different Ages ........................................................................ 12 Ages and Stages of Development ................................................................................................. 12 Birth to 9 Months ...................................................................................................................... 13 9 Months to 18 Months ............................................................................................................ 14 18 Months to 24 Months .......................................................................................................... 15 2 Years to 3 Years ...................................................................................................................... 16 3 Years to 6 Years ...................................................................................................................... 18 6 Years to 10 Years .................................................................................................................... 20 10 Years to 13 Years .................................................................................................................. 22 13 Years to 15 Years .................................................................................................................. 24 15 Years to 18 Years .................................................................................................................. 26 Additional Considerations When Creating a Parenting Time Schedule ....................................... 28 Alternative Summer Parenting Time Schedule ......................................................................... 29 Ensuring Complete Parenting Time Coverage .......................................................................... 29 Holidays, School Breaks, and Vacations........................................................................................ 29 Holiday Parenting Time ............................................................................................................. 30 Page 2 of 55 This document is written and published by the Rev 8/22/2019 Minnesota State Court Administrator’s Office. Child-Focused Parenting Time Guide School Break Parenting Time .................................................................................................... 31 Vacation Parenting Time ........................................................................................................... 31 Transitions (Exchanges) ................................................................................................................ 32 Building Relationships: Establishing or Reestablishing Contact ................................................... 33 Long Distance Parenting Time ...................................................................................................... 33 Physical and Mental Health Issues and Disabilities ...................................................................... 34 Parent-Related Issues ............................................................................................................... 34 Child-Related Issues .................................................................................................................. 34 Alcohol and Drug Use Issues ......................................................................................................... 35 Domestic Violence and Abusive Behavior .................................................................................... 35 Revisiting and Changing Parenting Time Schedules ..................................................................... 36 Child-Related Factors ................................................................................................................ 37 Parent-Related Factors ............................................................................................................. 37 Appendix A: Advisory Committee on Child-Focused Parenting Time .......................................... 38 Appendix B: Parenting Time Schedule Instructions and Templates ............................................. 39 Parenting Time Schedule Options............................................................................................. 53 Page 3 of 55 This document is written and published by the Rev 8/22/2019 Minnesota State Court Administrator’s Office. Child-Focused Parenting Time Guide Acknowledgements The State Court Administrator’s office wishes to acknowledge and thank the Arizona Supreme Court for allowing use of their guide as a model for the organization of the this Child-Focused Parenting Time Guide. Overview In November 1995, following a legislative request, the Minnesota Supreme Court issued an Order establishing the Advisory Task Force1 on Visitation and Child Support Enforcement. The order directed the Task Force to examine a variety of topics related to child support and visitation. The Task Force met from December 1995 through December 1996. In January 1997, the Task Force submitted its report and recommendations to the Supreme Court. Included was a recommendation for the Court to “promulgate ‘reasonable visitation guidelines’ to be used in cases where parents with court-ordered ‘reasonable visitation’ are unable to agree about what is ‘reasonable’ and in all other cases as ordered by the court.” In fall 1997, the Supreme Court convened a committee to draft a visitation guide. In January 1999, the Minnesota Conference of Chief Judges approved and published “A Parental Guide to Making Child-Focused Visitation Decisions.” It included children’s developmental milestones and visitation suggestions for each age and stage of development. In January 2001, following a statutory change in Minnesota family law terminology, the Guide was amended to replace “visitation” with “parenting time.” Since the Guide’s publication, new information relating to child development and parenting time has surfaced, as well as statutory revisions relating to custody and parenting time. Given the new information and statutory revisions, in October 2015, an ad hoc group of parents, attorneys, child development experts, legislators, and dispute resolution professionals began meeting with the goal of drafting a revised Guide. Over the course of the next year, the ad hoc group drafted guiding principles for their work, an outline for a revised Guide, and rough drafts of various chapters. Upon the request of the ad hoc workgroup, in November 2016 the State Court Administrator convened the Advisory Committee on Child-Focused Parenting Time for the purpose of drafting a revised Guide. The Committee included the members of the ad hoc group and added judges (see Appendix A for a list of members). The Committee began meeting
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