How to Build a Criminal Empire from Behind Bars: Prison Gangs and Projection of Power*
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
2 a Origem Do Crime Organizado No Brasil
2 A origem do crime organizado no Brasil O início das organizações criminosas no Brasil ainda não foi devidamente estudado de maneira sistêmica. Assim, os autores que abordam o tema acabam divergindo em alguns pontos. Para o promotor de justiça do Ministério Público de São Paulo Eduardo Araújo Silva (2003, p. 25-26) a origem das organizações criminosas brasileiras encontra-se no fenômeno do cangaço. O autor ainda cita o jogo do bicho como a primeira infração penal organizada no Brasil. Para ele o movimento conhecido como cangaço, cuja atuação ocorreu no sertão nordestino, no final do século XIX, é o antecedente da criminalidade organizada brasileira. O movimento que acabou conhecido pela figura de seu líder Virgulino Ferreira da Silva, o Lampião era dotado de organização hierárquica, divisão de funções e, com o transcorrer do tempo, passou a atuar em frentes como os saques a vilarejos, fazendas e municípios de pequeno porte; práticas de extorsão de dinheiro através de ameaças de ataques; e, sequestros de pessoas importantes e influentes. Os jagunços, capangas e cangaceiros agiam com apoio de fazendeiros e parte da classe política, bem como com o apoio material de policiais corruptos que acabavam lhes fornecendo armamento e munição. No que diz respeito ao jogo do bicho, o autor (2003) afirma que se trata da primeira infração penal organizada no Brasil. Esta contravenção penal que se iniciou em nosso país no século XX consiste no sorteio de prêmios em dinheiro a apostadores mediante prévio recolhimento de apostas. A sua origem é imputada ao Barão de Drumond que, com esse jogo, teve como finalidade salvar os animais do Jardim Zoológico do Estado do Rio de Janeiro 2. -
Inside Out: the Challenge of Prison-Based Criminal Organizations
Local Orders Paper Series BROOKINGS PAPER 3 | September 2016 Inside Out: The Challenge of Prison-Based Criminal Organizations BENJAMIN LESSING ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper is part of the Brookings seminar, “Reconstituting Local Orders.” The seminar is directed by Brookings Senior Fellows Vanda Felbab-Brown, Shadi Hamid, and Harold Trinkunas, who are grateful to the Foreign Policy Director’s Special Initiative Fund for its support. Brookings recognizes that the value it provides to any support- er is in its absolute commitment to quality, independence, and im- pact. Activities supported by its donors reflect this commitment, and the analysis and recommendations of the Institution’s scholars are not determined by any donation. Local Orders Paper Series ABOUT THE RECONSTITUTING LOCAL ORDERS PROJECT Led by Brookings Senior Fellows Vanda Felbab-Brown, Shadi Hamid, and Harold Trinkunas, the Brookings Seminar on Reconstituting Local Orders seeks to better understand how do- mestic political order breaks down and is reconstituted. It draws out policy implications and recommends more effective action for local governments and the international community. It examines these issues by bringing together top-level experts and policymakers. The present disorder in the international system is significantly augmented by the break- down of domestic order across a number of key states. Around the globe, the politics of iden- tity, ideology and religion are producing highly polarized societies and deepening conflicts among non-state actors and between non-state actors and the state. In the Middle East, the Arab Spring disrupted long calcified political systems in ways that are still producing unpre- dictable effects on the regional order. -
As Ameaças Das Facções Criminosas À Segurança Nacional E Boas Práticas Para O Seu Enfrentamento
1 JOÃO PAULO GARRIDO PIMENTEL AS AMEAÇAS DAS FACÇÕES CRIMINOSAS À SEGURANÇA NACIONAL E BOAS PRÁTICAS PARA O SEU ENFRENTAMENTO Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Monografia apresentada ao Departamento de Estudos da Escola Superior de Guerra como requisito à obtenção do diploma do Curso de Altos Estudos de Política e Estratégia. Orientador: Professor Coronel R/1 Ricardo Alfredo de Assis Fayal Rio de Janeiro 2019 2 ©2019ESG Este trabalho, nos termos de legislação que resguarda os direitos autorais, é considerado propriedade da ESCOLA SUPERIOR DE GUERRA (ESG). É permitida a transcrição parcial de textos do trabalho, ou mencioná- los, para comentários e citações, desde que sem propósitos comerciais e que seja feita a referência bibliográfica completa. Os conceitos expressos neste trabalho são de responsabilidade do autor e não expressam qualquer orientação institucional da ESG. ________________________ João Paulo Garrido Pimentel Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) P644a Pimentel, João Paulo Garrido. As ameaças das facções criminosas à segurança nacional e boas práticas para o seu enfrentamento / João Paulo Garrido Pimentel. - Rio de Janeiro: ESG, 2019. 59 f. Orientador: Cel (R1) Ricardo Alfredo de Assis Fayal. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Monografia apresentada ao Departamento de Estudos da Escola Superior de Guerra como requisito à obtenção do diploma do Curso de Altos Estudos de Política e Estratégia (CAEPE), 2019. 1. Segurança nacional. 2. Criminalidade. 3. Crime organizado. I. Título. CDD – 363.1 Elaborada por Patricia Imbroizi Ajus – CRB-7/3716 3 Ao meu pai, TEÓFILO, exemplo de dedicação à pátria, guerreiro pela vida e eterno apoiador dos meus trabalhos. 4 AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, que me abençoa com pais, filhos, parentes e amigos incentivadores e de amor incondicional. -
Southwest Border Gang Recognition
SOUTHWEST BORDER GANG RECOGNITION Sheriff Sigifredo Gonzalez, Jr. Zapata County, Texas Army National Guard Project April 30th, 2010 Southwest Border Gang Recognition – Page 1 of 19 Pages SOUTHWEST BORDER GANG RECOGNITION Lecture Outline I. Summary Page 1 II. Kidnappings Page 6 III. Gangs Page 8 IV. Overview Page 19 Southwest Border Gang Recognition – Page 2 of 19 Pages Summary The perpetual growth of gangs and active recruitment with the state of Texas, compounded by the continual influx of criminal illegal aliens crossing the Texas-Mexico border, threatens the security of all U.S. citizens. Furthermore, the established alliances between these prison and street gangs and various drug trafficking organizations pose a significant threat to the nation. Gangs now have access to a larger supply of narcotics, which will undoubtedly increase their influence over and presence in the drug trade, as well as increase the level of gang-related violence associated with illegal narcotics trafficking. Illegal alien smuggling has also become profitable for prison and other street gangs, and potentially may pose a major threat to national security. Multi-agency collaboration and networking—supplemented with modern technology, analytical resources, and gang intervention and prevention programs—will be critical in the ongoing efforts to curtail the violence associated with the numerous gangs now thriving in Texas and the nation.1 U.S.-based gang members are increasingly involved in cross-border criminal activities, particularly in areas of Texas and California along the U.S.—Mexico border. Much of this activity involves the trafficking of drugs and illegal aliens from Mexico into the United States and considerably adds to gang revenues. -
Gang Violence in Latin America Lucía Dammert University of Santiago, Chile
102 Gang Violence in Latin America Lucía Dammert University of Santiago, Chile The gang phenomenon has been blamed for many violent criminal problems of the late twen- tieth and early twenty-first centuries around the globe. As the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom stated, referring to riots that occurred in 2011, “gangs are a criminal illness that has infected the streets of our country” (Cameron, 2011). Even though there is still debate over gangs’ definition and characterizations in different contexts, blaming these groups for a variety of violent acts is commonplace worldwide (Bruneau & Dammert, 2011; Cruz, 2010; Decker & Pyrooz, 2015). Gangs have also been present in Latin America for decades (Wolff, 2015). Formed in mar- ginalized urban areas defined by segregation, fragmentation, and inequality, streets gangs depicted the social problems and economic challenges of Latin America. One of these prob- lems, perhaps most prominent since the 1990s, is the increasing level of violence and crime, which has impacted all countries in the region. In most cases, youth violence has been depicted as the driver of this violence and crime and has been linked to soccer gangs, street gangs, and drug-trafficking gangs. Indeed, gang violence is a growing problem in Latin America. In some cases, strongly linked to drug trafficking and transnational organized crime, gangs have developed and mutated since the mid-20th century, going from street gangs dedicated to illegal activities to criminal associations that use gang networks to consolidate transnational crime (Cruz, 2010). But that transition is not identical in all countries, cities, and even neighborhoods, which limits the pos- sibility of developing a Latin American gang perspective (Bruneau & Dammert, 201; Decker & Pyrooz, 2015). -
White Supremacist Prison Gangs in the United States a Preliminary Inventory Introduction
White Supremacist Prison Gangs in the United States A Preliminary Inventory Introduction With rising numbers and an increasing geographical spread, for some years white supremacist prison gangs have constitut- ed the fastest-growing segment of the white supremacist movement in the United States. While some other segments, such as neo-Nazis and the Ku Klux Klan, have suffered stagnation or even decline, white supremacist prison gangs have steadily been growing in numbers and reach, accompanied by a related rise in crime and violence. What is more, though they are called “prison gangs,” gangs like the Aryan Brotherhood of Texas, Aryan Circle, European Kindred and others, are just as active on the streets of America as they are behind bars. They plague not simply other inmates, but also local communities across the United States, from California to New Hampshire, Washington to Florida. For example, between 2000 and 2015, one single white supremacist prison gang, the Aryan Brotherhood of Texas, was responsible for at least 33 murders in communities across Texas. Behind these killings were a variety of motivations, including traditional criminal motives, gang-related murders, internal killings of suspected informants or rules-breakers, and hate-related motives directed against minorities. These murders didn’t take place behind bars—they occurred in the streets, homes and businesses of cities and towns across the Lone Star State. When people hear the term “prison gang,” they often assume that such gang members plague only other prisoners, or perhaps also corrections personnel. They certainly do represent a threat to inmates, many of whom have fallen prey to their violent attacks. -
H I S T O R Y I S a W E a P O N ! BLACK AUGUST RESISTANCE August, One of the Hottest Months of the Year, Is Upo'n Us Again
HISTORY IS A WEAPON! BLACK AUGUST RESISTANCE August, one of the hottest months of the year, is upo'n us again. For many of us in the "New Afrikan Independence Movement", August is a month of both great historical and spiritual significance. It is one of the hottest months in many ways, many of the great Afrrkan slave rebellions, including Gabriel Prosser's and Nat Turner's were planned for August. It is the month of the birth of the great Pan-Afri- kanist and Black Nationalist leaders, Marcus Garvey and also of our New Afrikan Freedom Fighter, Dr. Mutulu Shakur. New Afrikans took to the streets in rebellions in Watts, California in August 1965. On August 18,1971 in Jackson Mississippi, the offical residence of the Republic Of New Afrika was raided by Mississippi police and F.B.I, agents, gunfire was exchanged and when the smoke had cleared, one policeman laid dead and two other agents were wounded. For success- fully defending themselve's, these brothers and sisters were charged with "waging war against the state of Mississippi", they became known as the RNA-J5/. August 1994. marks the 15th anniversary of Black August commemorations, the promotion of a couscious, "non-sectarian mass based". Mew Afrikan Resistance Culture, both inside and outside the prison walls all across the U.S. Empire. Black August originally started among the brothers in the California penal system to honor three fallen comrades and to promote culture resistance and revolutionary developement. The first brother, Jonathan Jackson, a 17 year old manchild was gunned down August 7,1970 outside a Marin County California courthouse in an armed attempt to liberate three imprisoned Black Liberation Fighters (James Me Clain, William Christmans, and Ruchell Magee). -
Mississippi Analysis and Information Center Gang Threat Assessment 2010
Mississippi Analysis and Information Center Gang Threat Assessment 2010 This information should be considered LAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE. Further distribution of this document is restricted to law enforcement and intelligence agencies only, unless prior approval from the Mississippi Analysis and Information Center is obtained. NO REPORT OR SEGMENT THEREOF MAY BE RELEASED TO ANY MEDIA SOURCES. It contains information that may be exempt from public release under the Freedom of Information Act (5 USC 552). Any request for disclosure of this document or the information contained herein should be referred to the Mississippi Analysis & Information Center: (601) 933-7200 or [email protected] MSAIC 2010 GANG THREAT ASSESSMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS Purpose ................................................................................................. 2 Executive Summary ............................................................................ 2 Key Findings ........................................................................................ 3 Folk Nation .......................................................................................... 7 Gangster Disciples ........................................................................... 9 Social Network Presence .......................................................... 10 Simon City Royals ......................................................................... 10 Social Network Presence .......................................................... 11 People Nation .................................................................................... -
Gang Recognition Guide
Gang Recognition Guide As gangs become an increasing issue in our society, education is the key to recognizing their activity and understanding what they are about. However, when discussing gangs, a working defi nition must be developed. Gangs are three or more individuals, using the same name, sign or symbol who commit criminal acts individually or as a group to further their agenda. The following information is not exhaustive in describing gangs and their background, but is a basic framework to educate concerned community members. Crips: This street gang originally started in South Central Los Angeles in the 1960’s. Stanley “Tookie” Williams met with Raymond Lee Washington to unite local gang members to battle neighboring street gangs. Today, the Crips are one of the largest and most violent gangs, involved in murders, robberies, drug dealing and many other criminal pursuits. Crips identify with the color blue. Their biggest rivals are the Bloods and disrespect in many ways - calling them “slobs”. Crips call themselves “Blood Killas” and cross the letter “b” out or leave it off altogether. Crips do not use the letters “ck” as it denotes “Crip Killer” and substitute it for “cc” (as in “kicc” for “kick”). While traditionally African-American, today’s Crip membership are multi-ethnic. Bloods: The Bloods were formed to compete against the Crips. Their origins stem from a Piru street gang (initially a Crip set) who broke away during an internal gang war and allied with other smaller street gangs to form the present day Bloods. Since the Bloods were originally outnumbered 3 to 1 by the Crips, they had to be more violent. -
What Have We Learned About Prison Gangs? Findings from the Lonestar Project
What have we learned about prison gangs? Findings from the LoneStar Project David C. Pyrooz, Ph.D. Department of Sociology Institute of Behavioral Science University of Colorado Boulder A Presentation to the UTEP Center for Law & Human Behavior Email: [email protected] Phone: (303) 492-3241 The LoneStar Project Twitter: @dpyrooz This project was supported by Grant No. 2014-MU-CX-0111 awarded by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, and was made possible with the assistance of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Department of Justice or the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Understanding prison gangs SCHEDULE1. The problem of prison gangs 2. The LoneStar Project 3. Characteristics of prison gangs/gang members 4. Power and control on the inside 5. Q & A Responding to gangs 1. Joining/leaving in prison 2. Criminal and gang recidivism 3. Renouncement and disassociation 4. Policy/program implications 5. Q & A The LoneStar Project The problem of prison gangs 25% Winterdyk & Ruddell (2010) 19% N=37 20% NGIC (2011) Pyrooz & Mitchell 15% N=N/A (2018) 15% N=38 Hill 15% Wells et al. (2009) (2002) 12%, N=38 10% N=39 10% Camp & Camp (1985) 3% N=23 5% % of Prison Population, Gang Affiliated Gang Population, ofPrison % 0% 1984 2002 2008 2009 2011 2016 SOME INCONCLUSIVE “FACTS” • Misconduct, particularly violence • Orchestration -
Slide 1 Gang Awareness ______Supervising Gang Members in Rural ______Communities by Brian Parry ______
Slide 1 Gang Awareness ___________________________________ Supervising Gang Members In Rural ___________________________________ Communities By Brian Parry ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 2 ___________________________________ Training Objectives ___________________________________ • Identify scope of problem • Gang definitions and level of involvement ___________________________________ • Types of gangs • Characteristics and methods of ___________________________________ identification • Safety and supervision issues ___________________________________ • Collaboration and partnerships ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 3 ___________________________________ Gang Perspectives ___________________________________ • Every instructor has a different perspective • 34 years of practical experience ___________________________________ • National perspective (NMGTF) • California gangs ___________________________________ • Professional organizations ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 4 ___________________________________ Collaborative Approach ___________________________________ • Societal problem • Requires collaborative effort ___________________________________ • Law enforcement/courts • Corrections ___________________________________ • Communities/schools/faith based groups -
An Overview of the Challenge of Prison Gangs
An Overview of theOverview Challenge of the Challenge of Prisonof Gangs 1 Prison Gangs Mark S. Fleisher and Scott H. Decker A persistently disruptive force in merica now imprisons men and women correctional facilities is prison gangs. with ease and in very large numbers. At the Prison gangs disrupt correctional end of the year 2000, an estimated two mil- lion men and women were serving prison programming, threaten the safety of Aterms. The mission of improving the quality of life inmates and staff, and erode institutional inside our prisons should be a responsibility shared quality of life. The authors review the by correctional administrators and community citi- history of, and correctional mechanisms to zens. Prisons are, after all, public institutions sup- cope with prison gangs. A suppression ported by tens of millions of tax dollars and what strategy (segregation, lockdowns, happens inside of these costly institutions will deter- mine to some degree the success inmates will have transfers) has been the most common after their release. Oddly though, citizens often be- response to prison gangs. The authors lieve that anyone can offer an intelligent opinion argue, however, that given the complexity about prison management and inmate program- of prison gangs, effective prison gang ming. In recent years, elected officials have called for intervention must include improved tougher punishment in prisons, stripping color tele- strategies for community re-entry and visions, removing weightlifting equipment, and weakening education programs as if doing these more collaboration between correctional rather trivial things will punish inmates further and agencies and university gang researchers force them to straighten out their lives and will scare on prison gang management policies and others away from crime.