Guidelines for Making Maps and Graphics

– guidelines for maps and graphics –

Guidelines for making maps and graphics

1 General info about map making 1.2 Map content

The map is a medium of communication, meaning 1.2.1 „Island map“ the exchange of information. The scheme of the (visu- al) communication is abridged as follows: the sender Please avoid making „island maps“ of areas that are (= cartographer) communicates a message (= e. g. a no natural islands. An example: Austria is not an is- designed map) to the recepient (= user of the map) land, but has neighbouring countries, which should using a specific language (= pictorial / written lan- be included showing at least the border lines (cf. Fi- guage). The codes used have to be explained (= le- gure 1). gend), otherwise the recepient misunderstands the sent message. Objects and phenomena of nature and CZECH REPUBLIC culture are supposed to be designed appropriately and to scale. The map communicates the image of the real GERMANY space to the imagination of the people using a given code. AUSTRIA

Tyrol Requirements: HUNGARY • geometrical accuracy (horizontal accuracy)

ITALY • completeness SLOVENIA • up-to-dateness • fitness for purpose • geographical and contentual accuracy Lower Vienna Austria Upper Components: Austria • map border

Styria Burgenland • map content Salzburg Tyrol • information on how to use the map (legend, Carinthia scale, imprint) Vorarlberg • overview map Figure 1: Embedded map vs. „Island map“ 1.1 Figure sizes 1.2.2 Label positions The following widths are possible: • 73 mm (column width) • The labels should be easily readable. • 113 mm (landscape format, bled off, single-co- • Assign the label distinctly to the object. lumn) • Avoid overlapping with other graphics. • 153 mm (double column width) • If masking out lettering is necessary, use transpa- • 169 mm (map width) rent boxes or a very discreet letter contour-line. • 184 mm (excess width) • Use the same signature for items of the same kind, differentiate items of a different kind. Please produce all figures without a figure border, it • Use sanserif fonts for better readability (e. g. arial, will be added during the layout of the journal. calibri, myriad). • Use variations in font, font-weight, font-width, size, colour and letter-spacing.

1 Version 20 April 2016 – guidelines for maps and graphics –

Labelling of point objects 1.2.3 Colours

Ideally the label of local objects is placed right and a Please use descreet and light colours and reduce the bit above the object, if there is enough space (Figure 2) colour saturation and horizontally or in parallel to the lines of latitude. 1.2.4 Symbols 2 1 5 4 Symbols / signatures need to be explained in the le- 3 gend – same size as in the map.

Figure 2: Priority of labelling point symbols (after Imhof) – depen- ding on space 1.3 Legend

Labelling of linear objects • Leave out the heading „legend“ – it is not necessary Linear objects (e. g. rivers) are labelled in parallel to • The explanation of elements representing the the lines, letters „stand“ slightly above the object, avo- map theme has highest priority, so explain related id upside down labelling (cf. Figure 3). symbols, areas etc. at first, followed by further ex- planations related to points, lines and areas. • Attention: in ArcGIS polyline layers (e. g. for bor- D o D n D on a o a D ders) are often polygone layers. In the legend the u n u a o u n symbol needs to be a line. So please convert the a u layer into a polyline or change the box in the legend into a line using vector graphics software (e. g. Adobe Illustrator). do not too close too hang bended • font: sanserif (e. g. arial, calibri, myriad) Figure 3: Labelling of linear objects • font size: 7 pt (at target size of the map)

Labelling of areas 1.4 Overview map

The labelling of areas (e. g. mountains) is positioned Large-scale areas need to be situated in an overview horizontally or in the direction of the largest extent map to show the geographical context of the region. (cf. Figure 4). Indicate the area of interest with a dot or a box de- pending on the size of the overview map. Normally, a scale bar or other labelling is not necessary.

natural national park natural national park natural national park

Figure 4: Area labelling and overlap

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2 Data sources

• administrative boundaries (for non-commercial purpose): http://www.gadm.org • digital elevation data: http://www. viewfinderpanoramas.org/dem3.html

3 Charts Figure 5: overview maps, marking the inlet with a dot or a box Please send the charts as vector files (such as eps or 1.5 Scale pdf) or in the original format (e. g. xlsx). So, depen- ding on the layout, the charts can be adjusted in size • In principle, only use a graphical scale (= bar) and font. (Figure 6). • Recommendation: font: 6 – 7 pt, sanserif (e. g. arial, calibri, myriad), lines: 0.5 pt, black / white. 4 Data delivery

0210 0 km 0210 20 0 km Please integrate all photographs, graphics and maps in the text file AND send them as seperate files to Figure 6: possible layouts of the scale bar [email protected]

1.6 North arrow 5 Captions The north arrow is used for orienting the map. If a grid is used, the north arrow can be dropped. Number all the photographs, graphics and maps con- secutively in the text and name them „Figure“. The file N name starts with the figure number (e. g. Figure1_au- Examples: thor.tif). Tables are numbered seperately and named „Table“. If you have a seperate file for the tables, please start the file name accordingly (Table1_author.xls). 1.7 Imprint

• If you use a map from other sources or back- 6 Legal terms ground data (such as an elevation model or to- pographical map), you must quote the source and eco.mont publishes only original works. If you want copyrights for legal reasons. to reproduce materials published elsewhere, you are • Name the map producer and the year of produc- responsible for obtaining the copyrights and the prin- tion. ting approval. • Recommendation: font: 6 pt, sanserif (e. g. arial, calibri, myriad). 7 Quality of photographs

Photographs need a minimum resolution of 300 dpi for the target size of the image (cf. section 1.1 Figure sizes). If you save the image as a jpg file, please use high quality in the image options (low compression).

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8 Sample maps

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+ Nordflügel

Paranoástausee Monumentalachs

e 6 2 4 3 Platz der + 1 5 Drei Gewalten

Südflügel +

01 2 km

Wohnviertel der Mittelschicht + Krankenhaus Geschäftsviertel Universität Militärgebiet 1 Außenministerium Regierungsviertel 2 Justizministerium 3 Nationalkongress Sport-, Freizeit- und Grünanlagen 4 Regierungspalast Diplomaten- und Botschaftsviertel 5 Oberster Gerichtshof Industrie, Gewerbe, Verkehrsanlage 6 Präsidentenpalast

Kartographie: Kati Heinrich, IGF, 2010

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Caribbean Sea

NNP Tayrona

Santa Marta

NNP Sierra Nevada Barranquilla de Santa Marta

na le BR Sierra Nevada a d g de Santa Marta

a Colombia M nezuelaVe o í R 0315 0 km

state border elevations (in metres) Map design: K. Heinrich, IGF, 2013 boundary of natural national park (NNP) > 4500 2501 – 3000 Data base: estimated boundary of biosphere 4001 – 4500 2001 – 2500 SRTM Digital Terrain Model; IUCN and UNEP. 2012. The World reserve (BR) 1501 – 2000 3501–4000 Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). bodies of water 3001 – 3500 ≤ 1500 UNEP-WCMC. Cambridge, UK.

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Yana-urcu de Piñán 4 331 m

Cotacachi 4 939 m Ibarra Cuicocha Imbabura 3 200 m Otavalo 4 630 m Mojanda Cusin 4 263 m 3 940 m Cayambe Pululagua 5 790 m Äquator 3 356 m Rucu Pichincha 4 627 m Puntas Guagua Pichincha QUITO 4 452 m Saraurcu Reventador 4 776 m 4 676 m 3 485 m

Ilaló 3 188 m Pasochoa 4 200 m Ansana Corazón 5 704 m 4 788 m RRumiñahui Sincholagua Iliniza Sur 4 721 m 4 893 m 5 263 m Cotopaxi 5 897 m Kolumbien Quilotoa Quilindaña 4 876 m 3 914 m Yanaurco 0° 4 292 m

Latacunga Ecuador Pujili Peru Brasilien Sagoatoa 4 028 m

Ambato Vulkan Gletscher Carihuairazo Pelileo See 5 020 m Chimborazo Igualata Tungurahua Verwerfungslinie 6 310 m 4 430 m 5 023 m Kartographie: K. Heinrich, IGF, 2013 0 25 km Datengrundlage: SRTM DGM (USGS) Riobamba